Abstract: Disclosed is a front substrate of a plasma display panel and fabricating method thereof, by which color temperature, color purity, and contrast of PDP are enhanced. The present invention includes an upper dielectric layer containing a colorant therein. And, the present invention includes the step of forming an upper dielectric layer having a colorant added thereto.

Abstract: A plasma display panel has an improved cell electrode structure including: a pair of sustaining and scanning electrodes which are approximately similar or equal in area to each other, and which are different from each other in pattern shape. Each of the scanning electrode alignments further includes a plurality of scanning electrodes. Adjacent two of the scanning electrodes are separated from each other by the separation wall. Each of the sustaining electrode alignments further includes a plurality of sustaining electrodes. Adjacent two of the sustaining electrodes are separated from each other by the separation wall.

Abstract: A communications system that includes one or more free space electron switches. The free space electron switch employs an array of electron emitters, where each emitter is responsive to an RF or optical input signal on an input channel. Each emitter includes a cathode that emits electrons in response to the input signal. Each emitter further includes a focussing/accelerating electrode for collecting and accelerating the emitted electrons into an electron beam. Each emitter further includes an aiming anode that directs the beam of electrons to a desired detector within an array of detectors that converts the beam of electrons to a representative RF or optical signal on an output channel. Each emitter may include a modulating electrode that generates an electric field to modulate data onto the beam of electrons. The communications systems employing the switch can be an ISDN, DSLAM networks, packet routing systems, ADSL networks, PBX systems, local exchange systems, etc.

Abstract: A photocathode device for use in an image intensifier, fabricated with a photoemissive semiconductor wafer having an active cathode layer which includes a central region of a first predetermined height surrounded by a peripheral region of a second predetermined height. The first predetermined height of the central region is configured to be greater than the second predetermined height of the peripheral region in order to create a recessed contact structure which is less likely to have unwanted emission points. A layer of conductive material covers the peripheral region to provide an electrical contact to the photocathode device. A layer of insulating material covers the layer of conductive material in order to protect the contact layer from being damage during handling operations.

Abstract: An image intensifying tube, such as a image intensifying tube which converts X-rays into a visible image, comprises a curved input screen which comprises a substrate that receives input radiation and a photocathode supported on the substrate, and an output screen which converts the electrons emitted by the photocathode into a visible image. In order to compensate for changes in luminosity due to the curvature of the input screen, an intermediary layer of radially variable thickness is deposited between the substrate and the photocathode. The intermediary layer is made from a material, such as indium oxide (In.sub.2 O.sub.3), which modifies the electron emitting characteristics of the photocathode as a function of the thickness the intermediary layer. Thus, a thicker intermediary layer near the center of the input screen will compensate for reduced luminosity at the edges of the screen.

Abstract: An image pick-up apparatus is disclosed which includes a target portion having a photoconductive film on a substrate and a target electrode and reads video information converted into an electric signal in the photoconductive film by an electron beam. An insulating region is provided for the target portion such that carrier generated in an ineffective scanned region (a target region corresponding to an area not scanned by the electron beam) does not appear on a surface of the target portion.

Abstract: Apparatus for high speed analog data recording utilizing a new tube design (referred to herein as a photonic cathode ray tube) is presented. The photonic cathode ray tube includes a flat photocathode, a small aperture electron lensing system, a set of deflection plates and a phosphor screen.

Abstract: A photoconductive device having a transparent substrate, a transparent conductive film, a photoconductive film and a layer of an insulator provided on at least part of the substrate and of high thermal conductivity, and a method of operating the photoconductive device. Thus, especially, the temperature of a photoconductive film of an imaging device typical of an image pick-up tube or the photoconductive device which may be a one- or a two-dimensional image sensor or a photocell can be controlled precisely and efficiently.

Abstract: An image pick-up tube and a method of fabricating an image pick-up tube and a target section used therewith, in which the target includes at least a conductive film and a photoconductive film on a substrate for photo-electric conversion, and a signal from the target section is read by an electron beam scanning system. At least a part of the surface area outside the effective scanning region of the electron beam scanning side of the target section is formed of a secondary electron emission dampening layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor element and a method of forming the same and various kinds of article in which said element is used.Any material selected from the group consisting of SiH.sub.4, Si.sub.2 H.sub.6 and SiF.sub.4, and GeH.sub.4 or GeF.sub.4, are used as raw material gases. H.sub.2 is used as a diluent gas if necessary. A photochemical gas phase vapor deposition method is used, at a pressure of 0.1 to 20 Torr, an optical intensity of 10 to 1,000 mW/cm.sup.2, and a substrate temperature of 50.degree. to 250.degree. C. A semiconductor element formed of a -SiGe:H film having superior photoelectric conductivity, a method of forming a semiconductor element film containing Ge added thereto and having high long wave length-sensitivity and superior film quality can be provided.

Abstract: Picture pickup device comprising a television camera tube having an electron gun, and a photo-sensitive target in an evacuated envelope. An electron beam generated by the electron gun is focused by focusing means onto the target. The electron beam is deflected by deflection means and describes a line raster across the target. The electron beam forms an elongated spot on the target. The longitudinal axis of the spot is perpendicular to the lines of the raster and has a length which is substantially equal to the line spacing. The elongated spot is obtained with the aid of an adjustable multipolar stigmator which, viewed in the direction of propagation of the electron beam, is provided in front of the focusing and deflection means, coaxially around the axis of the envelope and the electron gun. The shape of the spot can be adjusted in an optimum manner so that stern waves are completely suppressed.

Abstract: A photoelectron beam converting device including a semiconductor substrate having a p-n junction formed between an n-type region and a p-type region and an opening portion formed on the side of the semiconductor substrate. An electron beam is generated by a light which enters from the opening portion and by a reverse voltage to be applied to the p-n junction.

Abstract: A picture taking tube is provided having a bias light device, said device being formed by a diffuser and a ring of light emitting diodes, which are placed about the glass vacuum enclosure of the tube, the light penetrating into the enclosure through gaps between the electrodes of the tube and also, if necessary, through small sized openings formed in these electrodes.

Abstract: A streaking tube has fiber cables, and the fiber cables are buried in a faceplate made of glass or fiber and arranged in line passing through the center of the faceplate so that the inner edges of the respective fiber cables are set to the inner surface of the faceplate. A photocathode is formed thereon. Any faceplate areas other than those of the fiber cables are shielded to eliminate unwanted noises.

Abstract: An image pick-up tube is disclosed which includes an envelope, an electron beam source positioned at one end of the envelope, a target positioned at another end of the envelope opposite to the electron beam source and at least one electrostatic lens positioned between the electron beam source and the target. The lens includes a first electrode and a second electrode respectively deposited on the inner surface of the envelope and a lead electrode connected to the second electrode is deposited on the inner surface of the envelope across the first electrode but isolated therefrom.

Abstract: A method of forming a variable sensitivity transmission mode negative eleon affinity (NEA) photocathode in which the sensitivity of the photocathode to white or monochromatic light can be varied by varying the backsurface recombination velocity of the photoemitting material with an electric field. The basic structure of the photocathode is comprised of a Group III-V element photoemitter on a larger bandgap Group III-V element window substrate.

Abstract: A high velocity electron beam scanning negatively charge biased image pickup tube has a target which includes at least a transparent conductive layer, a photoconductor layer and a layer for secondary electron emission on a light-transmissive insulating substrate, and in which the transparent conductive layer is arranged on a light incidence side, the photoconductor layer being made of amorphous silicon.

Abstract: An image pick-up tube has a photoelectric conversion target including a transparent substrate, and a transparent electrode and a photoconductive layer formed on the transparent substrate. An electron beam is scanned on the photoelectric conversion target. A first electrode is formed on a beam scanning surface of the photoconductive layer so as to be segmented in stripe or grid with its electrode segments electrically connected to each other. A second electrode is formed on the first electrode through an insulating layer with its electrode segments electrically connected to each other. An insulating layer may be interposed between the first electrode and the photoconductive layer.

Abstract: An image pickup tube comprising a target composed of a light-transmissible plate, a transparent electrode provided on said light-transmissible plate and a photoconductor made of hydrogen-containing amorphous silicon provided on said transparent electrode; an electron beam generator; and a mesh electrode near the aforesaid target, at least the surface of said mesh electrode being made of at least one member selected from the group consisting of Be, B, C, Mg, Al and Si, has high resolution with greatly improved life characteristics.

Abstract: In a photoelectric conversion element including at least a first electrode and a photoconductive layer having an amorphous material whose indispensable constituent is silicon and which contains hydrogen as an essential constituent element on a predetermined substrate, the present invention discloses a photoelectric conversion element wherein said layer of the amorphous material is disposed on said first electrode via a light transmitting or light semi-transmitting metallic layer for adhesion with respect to said amorphous material. As said metallic layer for adhesion, preferred is a layer consisting of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Ta, Cr, W, Nd, Mo, V and Ti. Thus, adhesion between said substrate and said amorphous material can be improved.

Abstract: By providing the cathode, in a diode electron gun in a television camera tube, with an at least 40 .mu.m high collar extending in the direction of the anode, the anode current is considerably reduced.

Abstract: In making precision measurements with a television camera tube, the inherent scan non-linearity and magnification variations are readily calibrated by painting a grid of known dimensions on the tube face.

Abstract: In a pick-up unit, a tube base for a camera tube is integrated with a coil former having a system of coils. As a result, the length of the pickup unit is small so that it is possible to manufacture portable cameras of small dimensions. The radial position of the tube with respect to the coil former is fixed by centering means provided in the tube base and in a sealing cap engaging the coil former. The axial position of the tube relative to the coil former is fixed by urging the tube against an abutting face of the sealing cap by means of a spring. The coil former is surrounded by a .mu.-metal screening sleeve consisting of two portions. The two portions of the screening sleeve are coupled together by means of a clamping ring.

Abstract: A TV camera tube suitable for the HN system comprising a glass faceplate covered by an n-type transparent electrode layer consisting of Nesa glass on which a thin p.sup.+ -type layer, a p-type layer and an n-type layer are deposited in succession to form a photoconductive layer. A blocking layer is deposited on the photoconductive layer to form a protected photoconductive target. A metal mesh covered by an insulating material and a collector electrode for collecting secondary electrons emitted from the target are arranged on the electron beam scanning side of the target.

Abstract: A hydrogen-containing amorphous silicon layer is formed on a substrate held below 200.degree. C., in a plasma atmosphere, whereupon the plasma is stopped and the layer is heated in a temperature range of 200.degree. C.-400.degree. C. without cooling the substrate. The saturation field for photocurrent of electrons or holes can be made low. In case of using electrons as major carriers, preferably the heating temperature is set in a temperature range of 200.degree. C.-240.degree. C., and in case of using holes as major carriers, preferably it is set in a range of 270.degree. C.-400.degree. C.

Abstract: In order to facilitate the preparation of the reticular pyroelectric target and to improve the mechanical strength thereof, it is provided to connect together the elements of the mosaic, separated by gaps, by means of junction arms small in section with respect to said elements, and rising up to a certain height from the base thereof. These ramifications protect the electric connection between elements provided by the underlying conducting layer, during elaboration thereof; they reinforce the rigidity of the assembly.

Abstract: Electrical contact with the target electrode of the tube in a tube/coil assembly is made by disposing a wire tangentially to a radial periphery about the longitudinal axis of the tube to create an interference fit between the wire and the electrode.

Abstract: An image pickup device comprises an image pickup tube having a target scanned by an electron beam and a pair of electrodes which form a collimation, a voltage applying circuit for respectively applying predetermined voltages for forming the collimation to the collimation forming electrodes of the image pickup tube, and a correction voltage applying circuit for applying a correction voltage which varies the voltage ratio of the collimation forming electrodes to one of the collimation forming electrodes, upon scanning of the peripheral parts of an effective scanning surface of the target by the electron beam. The collimation is formed responsive to a voltage ratio of the voltages applied to each of the collimation forming electrodes and changed in response to the correction voltage.

Abstract: A photoelectric transfer device in which an electroconductive layer is formed on a surface of an oxide substrate comprising lead component at a ratio of 30-99.5 mol % as PbO and chromium component at a ratio of 0.5-70 mol %, preferably at a ratio of 60-90 mol % as PbO and a chromium component at a ratio of 10-40 mol %.

Abstract: In a television camera tube flare is reduced without introducing vignetting by using an antihalo plate. A contact surface of the plate with the tube's window is slightly larger than a frame which is described by the tube's electron beam on a photoconductive target inside the window. An entrance face of the plate has a diagonal or diameter which is slightly larger than the contact surface.

Abstract: A faceplate structure of a multi-color image pickup tube has a light transmitting thin glass plate, to which are bonded a rectangular color separating filter base plate deposited with a color separating stripe filter at the center of one surface of the thin glass plate with the color separating stripe filter opposing the thin glass plate, and a collar plate having a rectangular through hole for receiving therein the color separating filter base plate. On the other surface of the light transmitting thin glass plate are successively deposited a transparent electroconductive film and a photoconductive film. The faceplate structure is airtightly secured to one open end of an envelope of the image pickup tube with its other surface opposing the inside of the envelope.

Abstract: In order to avoid picture disturbances by electric charging phenomena on the tube wall in a camera tube in which no target material is present on the inner wall of the cylinder tube, the tube wall is provided with a surface potential stabilizing material between the window connection and the mesh electrode of the camera tube. This stabilization can be realized by way of a local cover layer having the desired electric conductivity or secondary emission properties, or by locally adapting properties of the glass of the tube wall thereto.

Abstract: A target and target assembly for a camera tube in which a semiconductor plate is provided on an annular support and consists of a semiconductor monocrystalline edge portion which comprises an integrated circuit for handling the electrical signals originating from the target, the central part consisting of a radiation-sensitive layer having one or more radiation-permeable electrodes. The electrodes are connected to inputs of the intergrated circuit of which the leads necessary for supply and control voltages are led through. A window is provided on the electrodes and overlaps the inner edge of the support, the window, the edge portion and the support adjoining each other in a vacuum-tight manner.

Abstract: A cathode-ray display panel comprising first and second transparent substrates which constitute an envelope, a transparent electrode arranged on the first transparent substrate, a photoconductive layer arranged on the transparent electrode, a plurality of phosphor members arranged on the photoconductive layer, electrically insulating opaque substances embedded between the phosphor members, at least one cathode electrode for emitting electrons and at least one grid electrode for uniformly distributing the electrons emitted from the cathode electrode onto the phosphor members.

Abstract: A photoconductive layer which is vapor-deposited on a carrier in a television camera tube is provided with a structure of regions having at least one dimension which corresponds in the order of magnitude, measured transversely of the layer, to the transverse dimension of an image point in the layer. These regions are separated by partitions which consist of the same material as the further conductive layer, but for which the structure is such that they exhibit a comparatively low transverse conduction.

Abstract: A television camera tube having background illumination provided by a light diffuser in a space between the anode sleeve and an auxiliary cylinder which coaxially projects into the anode sleeve and which is constructed and marked, on the side facing the target, such that parts of the target are half-shade areas of the light diffuser and a signal derived from the target is homogeneous across the entire target in the case of an homogeneous target illumination.

Abstract: A color pick-up tube face plate with shading films is disclosed. These shading films are stripe-shaded opaque films, and are formed between the transparent glass plate and the stripe-shaped color filters. As the boundary portions of all the filters are positioned on these shading films, the light incidented around the boundary portions is hindered by the shading films. For this reason, light reflection or scattering around the boundary portions is effectively eliminated, and a pure high quality color picture is obtained.

Abstract: A photo-conductive target pick-up tube has a vacuum sealed envelope housing a tubular anode electrode on the gun cathode side of the target. The anode electrode is roughened on its inner surface to provide light scattering from a lamp which is mounted in a cavity protruding into the envelope but which cavity is sealed from the vacuum inside the envelope. The lamp is mounted on the longitudinal axis of the axis so as to provide an artificial dark current which tends to reduce build-up and decay lag at low light level operating conditions.

Abstract: A television camera tube is provided with means for background illumination including a light distributor which is accommodated in a space between the anode sleeve and an auxiliary light shielding cylinder which coaxially projects into the anode sleeve and which extends beyond the light distributor so far that the central portion of the target is in a half-shadow.