Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a substrate having a display area and a peripheral area; a pad disposed on the substrate in the peripheral area; a first conductive pattern disposed on one side of the display area in the peripheral area and electrically connected to the pad; a second conductive pattern disposed on the substrate in the peripheral area and disposed on an opposite side of the first conductive pattern; a first connection electrode disposed on the first conductive pattern in the peripheral area and electrically connected to the first conductive pattern; and a second connection electrode disposed on the second conductive pattern in the peripheral area and electrically connected to the second conductive pattern. A cathode electrode of a light emitting diode is disposed on the first and second connection electrodes and electrically connected to the first and second connection electrodes.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate, a light-emitting element, a light conversion layer, and a color filter layer. The light-emitting element is disposed on the first substrate. The light conversion layer is disposed on the light-emitting element. In addition, the color filter layer is overlapped the light-emitting element and the light conversion layer.

Abstract: A system in a package (SIP) includes carrier layer regions that have a dielectric material with a metal post therethrough, where adjacent carrier layer regions define a gap. A driver IC die is positioned in the gap having nodes connected to bond pads exposed by openings in a top side of a first passivation layer, with the bond pads facing up. A dielectric layer is on the first passivation layer and carrier layer region that includes filled through vias coupled to the bond pads and to the metal post. A light blocking layer is on sidewalls and a bottom of the substrate. A first device includes a light emitter that has first bondable features. The light blocking layer can block at least 90% of incident light. The first bondable features are flipchip mounted to a first portion of the bond pads.

Abstract: A compound of Chemical Formula 4 or 5: wherein: one of X1 and X2 is a direct bond, and the other is O, S, or CY1Y2, one of X3 and X4 is a direct bond, and the other is O, S, or CY3Y4, W1 to W4 are each independently N or CRa, and one or more of W1 to W4 are N, Y1 to Y4 are the same as or different from each other, and are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and the other substituents are as defined in the specification; and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. The compound can lower the driving voltage, improve the light efficiency, and enhance service life characteristics of the device due to thermal stability of the compound.

Abstract: A light-emitting element may include a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a first hole transport layer disposed above the first electrode, a first electron transport layer disposed between the first hole transport layer and the second electrode. A first light-emitting part and a second light-emitting part that emit different light may be disposed between the first hole transport layer and the first electron transport layer. The first light-emitting part may include a first blue emission layer, a second electron transport layer, a charge generation layer, and a second blue emission layer, and the first blue emission layer may be disposed above the first hole transport layer. At least one of the first electron transport layer and the second electron transport layer may be directly disposed above at least one of the first blue emission layer and the second blue emission layer.

Abstract: A micro LED display device includes: a substrate; a plurality of micro light-emitting diodes disposed on the substrate; and a reflective layer and a black layer sequentially stacked on the substrate. The reflective layer and the black layer cover a surface of the substrate, wherein a top surface of the plurality of micro light-emitting diodes is exposed through the reflective layer and the black layer. A plurality of reflective banks and a plurality of black banks are sequentially disposed on the black layer and exposing the plurality of micro light-emitting diodes; and a color-conversion material covers the top surface of at least one of the plurality of micro light-emitting diodes. The color-conversion material is laterally disposed between the plurality of reflective banks. The reflective layer, the black layer, the plurality of reflective banks, and the plurality of black banks overlap each other in a display direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a quantum dot light emitting diode, including: a first electrode, a second electrode, a quantum dot light emitting layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, at least one electron transport layer between the quantum dot light emitting layer and the first electrode, and an electron contribution layer between the electron transport layer of the at least one electron transport layer closest to the first electrode and the quantum dot light emitting layer; a material of the electron contribution layer includes a metal material. The embodiment of the present disclosure also provides a method for manufacturing the quantum dot light emitting diode and a display panel.

Abstract: A top-emitting subpixel structure may include at least one bank structure defining a plurality of emissive areas, and an emissive structure located in each emissive area. The subpixel structure may have a subpixel length and a subpixel width less than the subpixel length, a ratio of the subpixel length to the subpixel width defining a subpixel aspect ratio. Each emissive area may have an emissive area length and an emissive area width shorter than the emissive area length, a ratio of the emissive area length to the emissive area width defining an emissive area aspect ratio. The subpixel length may define a primary axis when the subpixel aspect ratio is greater than the emissive area aspect ratio; otherwise, the emissive area length may define the primary axis. At least a majority of the emissive areas may be arranged successively widthwise along a secondary axis perpendicular to the primary axis.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a hetero-cyclic compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and an organic light emitting device including the same. Such hetero-cyclic compound used as a material for an organic material layer of an organic light emitting device improves efficiency, achieves low driving voltage, and/or improves service life characteristics. [Chemical Formula 1] wherein R1 to R5, r3 to r5, L1, and Ar1 are defined therein.

Abstract: Disclosed are electroluminescent devices that comprise organic layers that contain certain organic compounds containing one ore more pyrimidine moieties. The organic compounds containing one ore more pyrimidine moieties are suitable components of blue-emitting, durable, organo-electroluminescent layers. The electroluminescent devices may be employed for full color display panels in for example mobile phones, televisions and personal computer screens.

Abstract: display unit of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of pixels configured to emit emission light different from one another; and an insulating film provided between the plurality of pixels and having a reflective surface with respect to the emission light, in which an angle of the reflective surface of the insulating film is set for each of the pixels.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a first insulating layer on the substrate, first metal layers on the first insulating layer and having a compressive stress or a tensile stress of about 100 megapascals (MPa) or less, and a second insulating layer including a first layer covering the first metal layers and a second layer including a material different from a material of the first layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to an organic molecule, in particular for use in optoelectronic devices. According to the invention, the organic molecule consists of a first chemical moiety with a structure of formula I, and two second chemical moieties, each at each occurrence independently with a structure of formula II, wherein the first chemical moiety is linked to each of the two second chemical moieties via a single bond; wherein T, V is independently the binding site of a single bond linking the first chemical moiety to one of the two second chemical moieties or is hydrogen; W, X, Y is independently the binding site of a single bond linking the first chemical moiety to one of the two second chemical moieties or is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, CN and CF3.

Abstract: A bank has an opening including a first opening and a second opening. The second opening extends from the first opening in such a direction that the second opening overlaps the first electrode. The second opening at least partially overlaps the first electrode. The first electrode has an end close to the first opening and overlapping the second opening. The second opening has a maximum width smaller than a maximum width of the first opening. The widths are measured perpendicular to the direction in which the second opening extends from the first opening.

Abstract: A display panel includes a substrate and a grating disposed on a light-emitting side of the display panel. The grating includes a plurality of protruding portions and a plurality of interval portions, each interval portion is located between two adjacent protruding portions. The plurality of protruding portions are arranged on the substrate along a first direction, and each protruding portion extends along a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. Each protruding portion includes an outer surface and a bottom surface; the outer surface is a smooth curved surface, and the bottom surface is a flat surface. A cross-sectional figure of each protruding portion along a thickness direction of the display panel is a first figure; the first figure includes a curve and a bottom edge, and the first figure is a closed figure formed by the curve and the bottom edge.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of sub-pixels. The sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel includes a first light emitting element and a first control circuit. The first control circuit is configured to provide a first driving current to the first light emitting element. The second sub-pixel includes a second light emitting element and a second control circuit. The second control circuit is configured to provide a second driving current to the second light emitting element. The first control circuit and the second control circuit are configured to differently control pulse amplitude of the first driving current and pulse amplitude of the second driving current, such that both of the first light emitting element and the second light emitting element emit at a target wavelength or a color point range (e.g. +/?1.5˜2 nm).

Abstract: A display device includes: a display area including a plurality of pixels; a first peripheral area disposed at one side of the display area; and a second peripheral area disposed at the opposite side of the display area, wherein a first column spacer is disposed in the display area, a second column spacer is disposed in the first peripheral area, and a third column spacer is disposed in the second peripheral area. The patterns of an exposure mask utilized in the first peripheral area in which the second column spacer is disposed and the second peripheral area in which the third column spacer is disposed may be different from each other.

Abstract: A color conversion panel includes a first color filter and a second color filter that are disposed on a substrate, a low refractive index layer disposed on the substrate, the first color filter, and the second color filter, the low refractive index layer including at least one of a first blue pigment and a first blue dye, a first color conversion layer overlapping the first color filter and including a semiconductor nanocrystal, a second color conversion layer overlapping the second color filter and including a semiconductor nanocrystal, and a transmissive layer that overlaps the low refractive index layer.

Abstract: Provided are a display panel and a display device. The display panel includes a substrate, a display function layer, a first function layer, a scattering structure and a light shielding structure. The display function layer is located on a side of the substrate. The first function layer is located on a side of the display function layer facing away from the substrate. The scattering structure is located between the display function layer and the first function layer in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the substrate is located. The scattering structure is located in the non-light emitting region. The light shielding structure is located in the non-light emitting region. The light shielding structure at least overlaps the scattering structure in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the substrate is located.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first transistor including a semiconductor layer, a first electrode and a second electrode, the first electrode and the second electrode respectively electrically connected to a source area and a drain area of the semiconductor layer, and a first gate electrode and a second gate electrode corresponding to a channel area of the semiconductor layer and facing each other, and a capacitor including a first capacitor electrode, a second capacitor electrode above the first capacitor electrode, and a third capacitor electrode below the first capacitor electrode.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode (“OLED”) includes a bottom electrode, a top electrode disposed opposite to the bottom electrode, and an organic layer that is interposed between the bottom electrode and the top electrode and includes a hole-transporting host and an electron-transporting host forming an exciplex and a phosphorescent dopant having a triplet energy which is lower than the triplet energy of the hole-transporting host, the triplet energy of the electron-transporting host, and the triplet energy of the exciplex, and a lighting device and a display apparatus including the OLED. Instead of a phosphorescent dopant, the fluorescent dopant having a singlet energy which is lower than the singlet energy of the exciplex may be also used.

Abstract: A solar cell according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport layer disposed between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer. At least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode has a light-transmitting property. The photoelectric conversion layer contains a perovskite compound composed of a monovalent cation, a divalent cation, and a halogen anion. The electron transport layer contains a metal oxynitride having electron conductivity. The metal oxynitride has an electrical conductivity of greater than or equal to 1×10?7 S/cm.

Abstract: A mask assembly includes a mask frame including a cell opening, and an outer frame defined along a periphery of the cell opening, and a cell mask disposed on the mask frame and including a polymer material. The cell mask includes a masking part which includes a deposition part disposed corresponding to the cell opening of the mask frame and including a masking pattern, and a non-deposition part extending from the deposition part, and a bonding part overlapping the outer frame of the mask frame and extending from the masking part. The non-deposition part includes a non-pattern portion, and a pattern portion having a thickness smaller than a thickness of the non-pattern portion.

Abstract: A display device and method of manufacturing same includes: a display panel having a pixel area and a peripheral area adjacent to the pixel area, a light control layer disposed on the display panel and at least partially overlapping the pixel area, a light blocking portion at least partially overlapping the peripheral area, and a protective layer disposed between the light control layer and the light blocking portion.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes a pair of electrodes; and an organic layer between the pair of electrodes, which includes a light-emitting layer, wherein the organic layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (I); and the light-emitting layer contains a iridium complex phosphorescent material: wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 each represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and contiguous substituents of R1 to R8 may be bonded to each other to form a condensed ring; R9 represents an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, a hetero-aryl group, or a silyl group, and each of which group may be substituted with a substituent; and at least one of R1 to R9 represents a deuterium atom or a substituent containing a deuterium atom.

Abstract: Provided is a display device. The display device includes a first base portion, a second base portion facing the first base portion, a light emitting layer disposed on one surface of the first base portion and emitting first light, a first wavelength conversion pattern disposed on the light emitting layer and converting the first light into second light having a different wavelength from the first light, a first color filter overlapping the first wavelength conversion pattern on one surface of the second base portion and spaced apart from the first wavelength conversion pattern, and an air layer interposed between the first wavelength conversion pattern and the first color filter.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode display is disclosed. In one aspect, the display includes a display unit located on the substrate and including a display area and a non-display area surrounding the display area, and a thin film encapsulation layer sealing the display unit. The display also includes a voltage line formed in the non-display area and surrounding the display area, a metal layer formed of the same material as the voltage line, and a dam surrounding the display area and contacting the voltage line. The voltage line includes a first voltage line disposed in one side of the display area. The first voltage line includes a pair of first end portions and a pair of first connectors respectively connected to the pair of first end portions and extending away from the display area. The metal layer is disposed between the pair of first connectors. The dam contacts the metal layer.

Abstract: A microcavity pixel design and structure allowing for tuning the optical cavity length of the microcavity of a microcavity pixel structure. This is achieved by including an intermediate electrode in the device which has an overhang region to form a connecting area to a bottom electrode, alleviating design restrictions in material type and dimensions throughout the optical microcavity tuning process. A method for the fabrication of a multi-colored microcavity pixel array facilitating the use of blanket deposition methods for select layers within a microcavity pixel structure.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a display device, and the display device according to an embodiment includes: a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area; a plurality of light-emitting elements positioned in a display area; a plurality of pixel circuits connected to a plurality of light-emitting elements, respectively; a sensor positioned on the peripheral area of the substrate; a leakage current detecting circuit connected to the sensor; and a light emitting wiring connected to the leakage current detecting circuit and connected to at least one of the plurality of light-emitting elements, wherein the sensor includes a first sensor and the first sensor includes a first sensing transistor, and a first conductive pattern spaced apart from the channel of the first sensing transistor, and the first conductive pattern is positioned in the same layer as at least one of a plurality of layers configuring the transistor.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a light-emitting device provided on the substrate, a driving transistor device configured to control the light-emitting device, a first power supply line electrically connected to a source region of the driving transistor device, a conductive pattern electrically connected to a gate electrode of the driving transistor device, and a second power supply line electrically connected to the first power supply line, wherein the conductive pattern and the first power supply line constitute a first capacitor, and the conductive pattern and the second power supply line constitute a second capacitor, wherein the first capacitor and the second capacitor are connected in parallel.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display apparatus includes: forming a display element layer above a lower substrate, where the display element layer includes first to third display elements; forming an encapsulation layer on the display element layer; forming first partition walls on the encapsulation layer to define first to third color regions, where the first to third color regions overlap the first to third display elements, respectively, in a view in a direction perpendicular to the lower substrate; forming second partition walls on the first partition walls; forming a quantum dot layer, which includes forming a second color quantum dot layer in the second color region and forming a third color quantum dot layer in the third color region; and removing the second partition walls.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a substrate, a display unit disposed on the substrate, an insulating layer disposed on the substrate, a power supply wire disposed on the insulating layer outside the display unit, and a cladding layer. The display unit includes a pixel circuit and a display element electrically connected to the pixel circuit. The insulating layer extends from the display unit to an edge of the substrate. The power supply wire is electrically connected to the display element and includes an alignment pattern that exposes at least a portion of the insulating layer. The cladding layer covers an inner surface of the alignment pattern and contacts the at least a portion of the insulating layer.

Abstract: An illumination device disclosed in an embodiment of the invention includes a substrate, a plurality of light emitting elements disposed on the substrate, a resin layer disposed on the plurality of light emitting elements, a first phosphor layer disposed on an upper surface of the resin layer, and a plurality of second phosphor layers disposed on side surfaces of the resin layer, and a first light blocking layer disposed between the first phosphor layer and the second phosphor layer. The first phosphor layer and the second phosphor layer may have different colors.

Abstract: A display device is disclosed, which may reduce an interval between subpixels and maximize a light emission area. The display device comprises a substrate provided with a first subpixel and a second subpixel arranged to adjoin the first subpixel, a first electrode provided in each of the first subpixel and the second subpixel on the substrate, including a first material, and an oxide insulating film provided to cover at least a portion of a side of the first electrode and made of a second material. The first material is a metal material, and the second material is an oxide of the first material.

Abstract: Reflective bank structures for light emitting devices are described. The reflective bank structure may include a substrate, an insulating layer on the substrate, and an array of bank openings in the insulating layer with each bank opening including a bottom surface and sidewalls. A reflective layer spans sidewalls of each of the bank openings in the insulating layer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display panel and manufacturing method thereof, the method including following steps: providing a driving backplane and a light-emitting substrate, and bonding the driving backplane and the light-emitting substrate; patterning the light-emitting substrate to form a pixel array; forming a thin film packaging layer on an outside of the pixel array, the thin film packaging layer completely covering the pixel array; forming quantum dots on top of the thin film packaging layer to form a multi-color display; forming a reflective array between two adjacent quantum dots to avoid optical crosstalk between the pixel arrays. The display panel and the method of the present invention break through the physical limit of the high PPI, high-precision metal mask, which can realize the display of 2000 and higher PPI, and can prevent the optical crosstalk between the pixel arrays.

Abstract: The display device includes a light-emitting element layer provided with a plurality of light-emitting elements, and a TFT layer that is provided below the light-emitting element layer and includes TFT configured to drive the plurality of light-emitting elements. Further, at least one thermal insulation layer configured to thermally insulate the plurality of light-emitting elements from external heat is provided, and the thermal insulation layer includes a molybdenum-containing complex and a polyphenylene sulfide-based resin.

Abstract: A backside illumination (BSI) image sensor and a method of forming the same are provided. A device includes a substrate and a plurality of photosensitive regions in the substrate. The substrate has a first side and a second side opposite to the first side. The device further includes an interconnect structure on the first side of the substrate, and a plurality of recesses on the second side of the substrate. The plurality of recesses extend into a semiconductor material of the substrate.

Abstract: A color-converting substrate including light-emitting areas and a light-blocking area surrounding the light-emitting areas, the light-emitting areas including first light-emitting areas configured to emit a same color light and spaced apart from each other by the light-blocking area, a partition wall including a first opening continuously overlapping the first light-emitting areas and a first portion of the light-blocking area disposed between the first light-emitting areas, a first color-converting layer including a wavelength-converting material and disposed in the first opening to overlap the first light-emitting areas and the first portion of the light-blocking area, and a color filter layer including a portion configured to block a first color light emitted through the first light-emitting areas, the color filter layer overlapping the first color-converting layer and the first portion of the light-blocking area.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting diode display device is provided, including an anode layer, a cathode layer, a first light-emitting layer, and a second light-emitting layer disposed between the anode layer and the cathode layer, wherein the first light-emitting layer comprises a first light-emitting part, a second light-emitting part, and a third light-emitting part arranged side-by-side, the second light-emitting layer is configured to emit light of a same color as light emitted from the first light-emitting part, and the organic light-emitting diode display device further includes a charge generating layer disposed between the second light-emitting layer and the first light-emitting part.

Abstract: A self-luminous display panel 10 in which self-luminous elements 2 are arranged on a plane, wherein each of the self-luminous elements includes: a pair of electrodes 13, 20 disposed facing each other, an electrode of the pair of electrodes including a metal layer 20A; functional layers 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 including a light emitting layer 17, disposed between the pair of electrodes; and a sealing layer 21 that covers the pair of electrodes and the functional layers from a direction. The self-luminous elements include a repaired self-luminous element 2?. The repaired self-luminous element includes a foreign object FO among the functional layers. The electrode including the metal layer has a high resistance portion 201 surrounding, in plan view, an area containing the foreign object, and has a thickened portion 202 of the metal layer at an outer edge, in plan view, of the high resistance portion.

Abstract: A display device according to the disclosure comprises: a liquid crystal panel having a front surface configured to display an image; and a light source plate disposed at the rear of the liquid crystal panel configured to provide light to the liquid crystal panel, wherein the light source plate comprises: a printed circuit board having a mounting surface; an LED chip directly mounted on the mounting surface as a chip on board (COB); a transparent resin disposed on the LED chip to encompass the LED chip; a light conversion layer configured to convert the wavelength of light emitted from the LED chip and encompassing the outer peripheral surface of the transparent resin; and a barrier layer covering the light conversion layer from the outside.

Abstract: A display device of the present disclosure includes an organic EL layer formed on a circuit portion, which is formed on a substrate, with an insulating film interposed therebetween, a cathode electrode formed on the organic EL layer in common to all pixels, and a metal wiring provided on an outer peripheral portion of an effective pixel region and electrically connecting the cathode electrode to a wiring of the circuit portion. Then, the metal wiring has a recess or a projection on a contact surface in a connection portion with the cathode electrode. Furthermore, an electronic device according to the present disclosure has the display device having the above configuration.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a substrate, a circuit layer including a metal-made feed line in a surrounding area, an insulating layer covering the circuit layer, a lower electrode, a rib, a partition above the rib, an upper electrode connected to the partition, an organic layer between the electrodes and a conductive layer connected to the partition. The partition and the conductive layer each includes a metal-made lower portion and an upper portion protruding from a side surface of the lower portion. The lower portion of the conductive layer and the feed line are in contact with each other in the first contact portion in the surrounding area.

Abstract: In the contact structure according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure and a display device including the same, the pixel may be designed regardless of the size of the contact hole by designing a size (or an area) of the contact hole to be larger than the contact area and applying different structures depending on the characteristics of the lower layer. Therefore, the size of the contact hole is increased so that the halftone mask may be easily applied and the number of masks may be advantageously reduced. Further, a degree of freedom of metal in the pixel design is increased so that the pixel may be designed in a high resolution model and the aperture ratio is increased without having the electrode margin.

Abstract: An object is to provide a light-emitting display device in which a pixel including a thin film transistor using an oxide semiconductor has a high aperture ratio. The light-emitting display device includes a plurality of pixels each including a thin film transistor and a light-emitting element. The pixel is electrically connected to a first wiring functioning as a scan line. The thin film transistor includes an oxide semiconductor layer over the first wiring with a gate insulating film therebetween. The oxide semiconductor layer is extended beyond the edge of a region where the first wiring is provided. The light-emitting element and the oxide semiconductor layer overlap with each other.

Abstract: A light emitting device includes a transistor, a light reflection layer, a first insulation layer that includes a first layer thickness part, a second layer thickness part, and a third layer thickness part, a pixel electrode that is provided on the first insulation layer, a second insulation layer that covers a peripheral section of the pixel electrode, a light emission functional layer, a facing electrode, and a conductive layer that is provided on the first layer thickness part. The pixel electrode includes a first pixel electrode which is provided in the first layer thickness part, a second pixel electrode which is provided in the second layer thickness part, and a third pixel electrode which is provided in the third layer thickness part. The first pixel electrode, the second pixel electrode, and the third pixel electrode are connected to the transistor through the conductive layer.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate including a curved portion and a flat portion; an insulating layer disposed on the substrate; a first organic light emitting diode disposed on the insulating layer and having a first projection; and a second organic light emitting diode having a second projection, wherein a light emission portion is disposed in the curved portion and the flat portion, the first projection overlaps the light emission portion disposed in the curved portion and is asymmetric in the light emission portion, and the second projection overlaps the light emission portion in the flat portion and is symmetric in the light emission portion.

Abstract: A light-emitting element containing a fluorescent material and having high emission efficiency is provided. The light-emitting element contains the fluorescent material and a host material. The host material contains a first organic compound and a second organic compound. The first organic compound and the second organic compound can form an exciplex. The proportion of a delayed fluorescence component in light emitted from the exciplex is higher than or equal to 5%, and the delayed fluorescence component contains a delayed fluorescence component whose fluorescence lifetime is 10 ns or longer and 50 ?s or shorter.

Abstract: Provided is a novel compound capable of improving the luminous efficiency, stability and lifespan of a device, an organic electronic device using the same, and an electronic device.