Abstract: A plasma jet spark plug having increased capacitive discharge current, and thus improved plasma generation efficiency. The plasma jet spark plug includes an insulating body having an axial hole, a center electrode, a metal shell, and a cavity portion formed by the inner peripheral surface of the insulating body and the leading end face of the center electrode. A conductive layer formed from a conductive material is provided on at least one portion of at least one of: (a) a surface on the insulating body outer peripheral surface opposed to the inner peripheral surface of the metal shell, the conductive layer electrically connected to a ground electrode; and (b) a surface on the insulating body inner peripheral surface opposed to the outer peripheral surface of the center electrode, the conductive layer electrically connected to the center electrode.

Abstract: A mercury-free low-pressure lamp having a bulb is provided. The bulb includes an emissive material and one or more phosphors. The emissive material includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, wherein when the bulb is in a non-operational state, the emissive material condenses into a liquid or solid, and when the bulb is in an operational state the emissive material forms an emitter, the emitter in combination with one or more gases generate photons when excited by an electrical discharge. The one or more phosphors are configured to convert at least a portion of the photons to other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: A mercury-free low-pressure lamp having a bulb is provided. The bulb includes an emissive material and one or more phosphors. The emissive material includes at least one of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, wherein when the bulb is in a non-operational state, the emissive material condenses into a liquid or solid, and when the bulb is in an operational state the emissive material forms an emitter, the emitter in combination with one or more gases generate photons when excited by an electrical discharge. The one or more phosphors are configured to convert at least a portion of the photons to other visible wavelengths.

Abstract: Apparatus for the production of a charged particle beam, comprising: an ion source plasma chamber (104), having a door (106), and an accelerator (102) mounted on the face of the door remote from the ion source plasma chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems and methods for a lamp assembly having a novel design for fitting two or more tube-shaped lamps end-to-end. Such an end-to-end structure may be constructed for use inside a single protective sleeve, such as one constructed of transparent quartz in embodiments where the assembly is used in a decontamination reactor equipment. In exemplary embodiments, the lamps are securely coupled, or otherwise fastened or linked, together end-to-end using any appropriate means for ensuring the integrity and longevity of the connection between the ends of the lamps. The integrity of this end-to-end connection would prevail under any and all circumstances, such as shipping or otherwise moving the assembly, or under normal or abnormal operating conditions, or even in the event that any equipment in which the lamp assembly is used fails during its operation.

Abstract: A self-ballasted fluorescent lamp capable of achieving a similar appearance to that of an electric light bulb for general illumination includes a base that is attached to a bottom end of a cover and a luminous tube that is supported at a top end of the cover. Electronic components forming a lighting circuit are mounted on a substrate. The substrate is formed to have such a width dimension that allows the substrate to be inserted into the base. The substrate is vertically disposed along a center axis of the base at a position offset from the center axis. Large electronic components are disposed on a first face of the substrate, which faces a large component area in the base formed by the offset substrate.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide an inrush current limiting resistor for suppressing inrush current, and to avoid an excessive current flowing through the inrush current limiting resistor even if the lamp is operated at a dimmed level by mistake. A compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp 1 is composed of a holder 20 and a case 30 attached to each other. The case 30 houses therein a lighting unit 50 for operating an arc tube 10. The lighting unit 50 is composed of a rectifier/smoothing circuit module having an electrolytic capacitor 53, an inverter circuit module, and a resonant circuit module having a resonance capacitor 54. The circuit modules are mounted on a printed wiring board 51. An inrush current limiting resistor 62 is connected to the input end of the rectifier/smoothing circuit module and in contact with the electrolytic capacitor 53 and the resonance capacitor 54 at their outer circumferential surfaces.

Abstract: This invention aims at providing a low-pressure mercury lamp having an improved luminous efficiency while maintaining the compactness and long life of the arc tube. This lamp comprises an arc tube formed by bending a glass tube. This arc tube is formed into a double-spiral structure comprising: a turning part located in substantially the midsection from both ends of the glass tube; a first spiral part starting from one of the ends and spiraling around the pivotal axis to reach the turning part; and a second spiral part starting from the turning part and spiraling around the pivotal axis to the other end. The glass tube has a circular shape in cross section with 7.4 mm inner diameter. This low-pressure mercury lamp is a 12 W lamp alternative to a 60 W incandescent lamp, and the bulb wall loading under steady state illumination is set at 0.103 W/cm2.

Abstract: An improved electron multiplier bias network that limits the response of the multiplier when the multiplier is faced with very large input signals, but then permits the multiplier to recover quickly following the large input signal.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus includes an envelope, an electron source and an image-forming member arranged within the envelope, as well as an electron source drive circuit. An electroconductive member is arranged on the inner wall surface of the envelope between the electron source and the image-forming member. An electric current flow path A is formed as extending between the electroconductive member and the ground without passing through any of the electron source and the drive circuit. The electric current flow path A has a resistance lower than the resistance of another electric current flow path B extending between the electroconductive member and the ground by way of the electron source or the drive circuit.

Abstract: A compact self-ballasted fluorescent lamp (10) which is equivalent to a typical light bulb is provided. The self-ballasted fluorescent lamp (10) includes a cover (14), a lighting circuit (16), an arc tube (18), a base (12) and a globe (17) and formed into a shape whose outline dimensions are nearly identical to the standard dimensions of a typical light bulb. The arc tube (18) is comprised of a plurality of U-shaped bent bulbs (31) which have an inner tube diameter ranging from 6 to 9 min and arranged in parallel with one another. Having a bulb height -ranging from 50 to 60 mm and a discharge path from 200 to 300 mm long, the arc tube (18) is designed such that the total luminous flux is not less than 700 1m with a lamp efficiency of not less than 60 lm/W when the lamp is lit at the lamp power of 7 to 15 W, An envelope (19) comprising the cover (14) and the globe (17) has a height ranging from 110 to 125 mm including the height of the base (12).

Abstract: A low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (101) includes a translucent airtight container (1), a pair of electrodes (2) and (2′) mounted in the airtight container (1) and arranged at both ends and so that a distance of one of the electrodes from the sealing portions (1a) and (1a′) becomes longer than that of the other electrode, a mercury emission body (5) filled in the airtight container and discharge medium including mercury discharged from the mercury emission body (5) and inert gas. A cold spot is formed at one sealing portion (1a) of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp (10) and mercury is filled by the mercury emission body (5) and therefore, there is almost no excess mercury existing in the tube (1), luminous flux starts up fast, mercury collected in the cold spot scarcely moves to other portion, and the lamp characteristic is stabilized.

Abstract: A high wattage self-ballasted fluorescent lamp includes a fluorescent tube including a pair of electrodes inside, an electronic ballast circuit portion, an outer bulb, a resin case and a lamp base. (i) The outer bulb has an outer diameter of 60 mm to 70 mm, an outer diameter of a bottom portion of 50 mm to 58 mm, and a total length of 73 mm to 85 mm. (ii) The resin case has an outer diameter of 50 mm to 58 mm. (iii) The total length of the self-ballasted fluorescent lamp is not more than 148 mm. The fluorescent tube has a distance between the electrodes of 450 mm to 540 mm and an inner diameter of 8.0 mm to 10.0 mm, and is operated at a lamp current of not more than 220 mA. Thus, the self-ballasted fluorescent lamp can be compact so that the light fixture application ratio can be improved. Moreover, the self-ballasted fluorescent lamp has a lifetime as long as 6000 hours and a lamp efficiency as high as 66 lm, and the power consumption can be reduced.

Abstract: A fluorescent bulb-type electronic energy-saving lamp includes a screwshell and an electronic ballast sealed within the screwshell so that the lamp has the same shape and size as standard incandescent lamps thereby allowing the fluorescent bulb-type electronic energy-saving lamp to directly replace standard incandescent bulbs. The fluorescent bulb-type electronic energy-saving lamp also includes a fluorescent tube, a bulb cover surrounding the fluorescent tube and a connector for mounting the screwshell, the fluorescent tube and the bulb cover thereon.

Abstract: An illumination system for weathering and fading resistance test instruments is provided with a pulse-driven xenon gas discharge lamp with an elongated discharge bulb that has an electrode spacing in the range from 10 to 50 cm; by adjusting the duty factor of the lamp current by means of an electronic control unit, a predetermined ratio between ultraviolet and infrared radiation is achieved; for the sake of light density, the lamp bulb is bent in a U.

Abstract: A compact fluorescent lamp including one lamp with one or more tubular lamp members, and an electronic ballast constructed as a unit separate from the foregoing, which constituting an adapter, is electrically and mechanically connectable with the lamp by means of a plug-in connection. In order to achieve the smallest possible length of the compact fluorescent lamp, the plug-in connection between the lamp and the ballast, extends in the direction of the lamp at least partially into the space surrounded by the lamp.

Abstract: A high-pressure metal vapor discharge lamp comprising an outer tube, a light emitting tube located within the outer tube and made of a light-transmissive ceramics material, and a fuse electrically connected in series with the light emitting tube, in which said fuse has such a blowing characteristic as given by the following equation and at a rated output during the lighting of the lamp the density of a current through the fuse is not more than 23.9 A/mm.sup.2 :log T.sub.1 <AlogI+BA=-1.02.times.10.sup.-2 (D.sup.2 t)-0.885B=2.64.times.10.sup.-2 (D.sup.2 t)+1.01T: required blowing time (seconds) of the fuseI: blowing current (A) of the fuseD: inner diameter (mm) of the light emitting tubet: wall thickness (mm) of the light emitting tube.

Abstract: To increase the spark energy being transferred from a spark plug to a fuel-air mixture, so that the maximum energy transfer occurs during the initial breakdown phase and electrode deterioration at the spark plug is prevented upon occurrence of subsequent arc conduction and glow phases, an inductive circuit is connected in parallel to the spark gap which is so dimensioned that the inductance has a time constant which inhibits substantial current flow through the shunt circuit upon breakdown of the spark gap, but permits flow of current during an arc and glow phase of the spark at the spark gap through the shunt circuit so that energy is drained from the spark gap during the plasma and glow phase.

Abstract: A starter circuit for metal halide discharge lamps in which a diode resistor rectifier network is provided between a conventional ballast and a spiral line generator to superimpose a D.C. voltage on the A.C. ballast voltage thereby to increase the peak instantaneous voltage to the spiral line generators and thus provide a larger breakdown voltage to the discharge lamp.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for sensing a mercury dispensing target within an arc-discharge lamp and connecting a DC voltage source thereto to effect current flow and heating of the mercury dispensing target in an amount sufficient to effect dispersion of the mercury within the lamp.

Abstract: A high pressure discharge lamp including discharge tube having at least two electrodes at opposite ends thereof, an outer bulb housing the discharge tube, a circuit for starting the discharge tube and a glow starter which is covered with a heat shield member and disposed between the discharge tube and the outer bulb.

Abstract: A high pressure metal vapor discharge lamp comprising a discharge tube disposed in an outer jacket; said discharge tube having electrodes and containing a filling comprising a starting rare gas composed primarily of xenon at a pressure from 40 to 200 Torr; means for starting said discharge tube comprising a glow starter comprising a pair of contacts spaced apart not more than 2.5 mm from each other, and containing a gas composed primarily of argon at a pressure of at least 7 Torr; the pressure in said glow starter (P.sub.g) being related to the pressure in the discharge tube (P.sub.i), according to the expression ##EQU1## and a starting electric conductor adapted to contact the discharge tube on starting thereof and to separate from the discharge tube after starting.

Abstract: A discharge lamp comprises an arc tube for high pressure discharge and a discharge gap for discharging until restarting the arc tube. The discharge gap being electrically connected in parallel to the arc tube in an outer bulb. A normally opened temperature responsive switch means is connected in series to the discharge gap and a series of the discharge gap and the temperature responsive switch means is connected in parallel to the arc tube.

Abstract: A fluorescent lighting device which includes a preheating type fluorescent discharge tube and as the ballast thereof an incandescent bulb. The fluorescent lighting device is ignited by the use of a pulse transformer and a neon tube. A semiconductor element may be used in place of the neon tube.

Abstract: A compact flourescent lamp assembly includes a triple bend lamp and a first housing including a ballast and a screw-in base for use with an incandescent fixture. A second housing, attached to the lamp, includes a glow switch and starting capacitor. The triple bend lamp is fabricated from a previously completed elongate lamp.

Abstract: An automatic frequency control system is described for maintaining the drive frequency applied to a linear accelerator to produce maximum particle output from the accelerator. The particle output amplitude is measured and the frequency of the radio frequency source powering the linear accelerator is adjusted to maximize particle output amplitude.