Abstract: This disclosure is directed to a dual gate metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) device formed in a semiconductor material, as well as circuits and techniques for using the dual gate MOSFET device. In some examples, the dual gate MOSFET device may comprise a first MOSFET formed in the semiconductor material, and a second MOSFET formed in the semiconductor material, wherein the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET are arranged in parallel in the semiconductor material, wherein the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET include a common drain node and a common source node, and wherein the first MOSFET and the second MOSFET define different transfer characteristics.

Abstract: A triboelectric generator can include respective contact members including a first contact member and second contact member. The respective contact members can be movable with respect to each other such that the respective contact members separate from each other in a first configuration and contact each other in a second configuration. The first contact member can include a first conductive layer and a contact layer. The second contact member can be spaced apart from the first contact member in the first configuration and can include an insulating contact layer and a second conductive layer. The insulating contact layer can be configured to come into contact with the contact layer of the first contact member and the transition of the respective contact members from the first configuration to the second configuration can create triboelectric charges. In some examples, the first contact member can include a non-contact insulating layer.

Abstract: The invention offers an ultracapacitor-based power system solution with four main functional blocks which are power conditioning block, monitoring block, charge-discharge block and protection block. The proposed system has the advantage of working well in the environment of vibration, high temperature, has a large capacity to provide a large amount and radiates less heat compared to systems using traditional batteries. In addition, the system has functions to protect and stabilize the output voltage, and the operating parameters of the system is monitored continuously.

Abstract: Automated External Defibrillator (AED) devices may include a high voltage capacitor (HV Cap) configured to store energy required to deliver a defibrillation shock to a patient; batteries configured to charge the HV Cap; a DC/DC converter circuit including a high voltage transformer, a FET switch with associated driver, and a rectifying diode; an H-bridge circuit configured to transform energy released from the HV Cap into a bi-phasic pulse; and a memory and microprocessor configured to operate the AED device. In particular, the HV Cap, the DC/DC converter circuit, the H-bridge circuit, the one or more batteries, and the memory and the microprocessor may contained in a pocket-sized housing, the AED device may be configured to continuously monitor and adjust the rate at which the batteries charge the HV Cap, and the AED device may include a variable frequency relaxation oscillator circuit configured to acquire a patients Z-body measurement.

Abstract: A switching module a method for connecting a load to a DC network are disclosed. The switching module includes a first module connection, a second module connection, a third module connection, a first electronic switch connected between the first module connection and the second module connection, and a second electronic switch connected between the second module connection and the third module connection. The two electronic switches are connected in anti-series between the first module connection and the third module connection.

Abstract: A method of determining a lifetime parameter of a capacitor in a failsafe device including measuring an amount of energy required to return the failsafe device to a failsafe position, measuring an effective capacitance of the capacitor, and comparing the amount of energy to the effective capacitance to determine the lifetime parameter of the capacitor.

Abstract: Examples described herein provide a method that includes determining whether a charging station for charging a battery of a vehicle is operating in a first high voltage mode or a second high voltage mode. The method further includes, responsive to determining that the charging station is operating in the first high voltage mode: enabling an electric motor and a traction power inverter of the vehicle to operate as a boost converter to boost an accessory bus voltage of the vehicle while charging in the first high voltage mode, and charging the battery of the vehicle by supplying electric power, at a first high voltage, from the charging station to the battery.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) voltage detection circuit, which includes a rising edge trigger circuit and a detection and output circuit connected to an output terminal of the rising edge trigger circuit. When an increase of the operating voltage at the rising edge of the operating voltage in one clock period is greater than the magnitude of a preset bias voltage, an output signal of the output terminal undergoes at least one target flip between a high level and a low level. When a detection result shows that the output signal of the rising edge trigger circuit undergoes preset m (a natural number) target flips in preset M consecutive clock periods, the detection and output circuit generates an AC determination signal.

Abstract: A device for controlling a pre-charge current generated when electrically connecting a first terminal and a second terminal, according to one embodiment of the present invention, may comprise: a switch for controlling a magnitude of a current flowing between the first terminal and the second terminal; a first resistor for generating a base voltage of a first transistor in proportion to a magnitude of the pre-charge current flowing between the first terminal and the second terminal; the first transistor for limiting the magnitude of the pre-charge current when a voltage generated by the first resistor is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold voltage; a photocoupler for receiving, in a state insulated from a first power source, an optical signal from the first power source and supplying power; a capacitor charged by the power supplied by the photocoupler; a second transistor for controlling the magnitude of the pre-charge current on the basis of a charging voltage of the capacitor; and a second res

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a conversion circuit including a power supply module, positive and negative input terminals, positive and negative output terminals, a switch, an inductor, input and output capacitors, and a controller. The power supply module converts an AC power for providing three potentials on three power supply terminals respectively. The potential on the first power supply terminal is higher than the potential on the second power supply terminal, which is higher than the potential on the third power supply terminal. The positive and negative input terminals are electrically connected to the first and third power supply terminals respectively, and a voltage therebetween is an input voltage. The negative output terminal is electrically connected to the third power supply terminal. The controller is electrically connected to the positive input terminal, the second power supply terminal and the switch. A voltage across the controller is lower than the input voltage.

Abstract: A power conversion system for electrically driven mobility device includes a first energy storage device and a second energy storage device having a voltage output lower than a voltage of the first energy storage device, a relay having one terminal connected to the first energy storage device, a DC link capacitor connected to the other terminal of the relay, a first DC converter provided between the DC link capacitor and the second energy storage device and capable of bidirectional voltage conversion, and a controller configured to control the first DC converter to convert a level of the voltage of the second energy storage device and to apply the voltage having the converted level to the capacitor before switching of the relay from an off state to an on state to charge the DC link capacitor to a preset voltage or higher, and then to switch the relay to the on state.

Abstract: A battery control system and method selectively connect battery strings to one or more conductive buses by plural electrically controllable switches. The switches are controlled to one or more of (a) connect the strings with one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a first sequence and/or (b) disconnect the strings from one or more of the load or the power source via the one or more conductive buses in a second sequence. The first sequence and the second sequence are based on one or more of states of charge between the strings, different charge capacities between the strings, different electric currents conducted through the strings, different polarities of the electric currents conducted through the strings, and/or a speed of a vehicle that is powered by the one or more loads.

Abstract: A vibration-driven energy harvesting element that outputs an alternating current power from an output line, due to vibration from outside includes: an intermediate electrode that is not connected to the output line; a plurality of electret electrodes, each electret electrode being arranged to face the intermediate electrode and having an electret on at least a part of a surface of the electret electrode on a side facing the intermediate electrode; a holding unit that holds the intermediate electrode and the plurality of electret electrodes such that the intermediate electrode and the plurality of electret electrodes can vibrate with respect to each other; and a charge injector that injects a charge having characteristics opposite to a charge of the electrets formed in the surfaces of the plurality of electret electrodes, to the intermediate electrode.

Abstract: Provided are a defibrillation catheter system, a defibrillation power supply device, and a method for controlling the device during observation of intracardiac potential and defibrillation. A defibrillation catheter system 1 includes a catheter 20; a first power supply part 6A and a second power supply part 6B connected to the catheter 20; and an electrocardiograph 40 measuring an intracardiac potential, wherein the catheter 20 is provided with a first electrode group 21 having at least a 1-1 electrode and a 1-2 electrode and a second electrode group 22 having at least a 2-1 electrode and a 2-2 electrode, the first and second electrode groups 21 and 22 are connected to the electrocardiograph 40, the 1-1 electrode and the 2-1 electrode are connected to the first power supply part 6A, and the 1-2 electrode and the 2-2 electrode are connected to the second power supply part 6B.

Abstract: A control chip applied in a switching power supply, where the switching power supply includes a rectifier circuit for receiving an AC input voltage and generating a rectified voltage, the control chip including: a high-voltage pin; a detection circuit coupled to the high-voltage pin to determine whether the high-voltage pin is coupled to the AC input voltage or the rectified voltage according to a sampling voltage representing a voltage received by the high-voltage pin; and a discharge circuit, where when the high-voltage pin is determined to be coupled to the AC input voltage, the control chip can enable the discharge circuit to discharge a safety capacitor coupled to an input port of the switching power supply after the switching power supply is powered off, and when the high-voltage pin is determined to be coupled to the rectified voltage, the control chip can disable the discharge circuit.

Abstract: A hybrid actuation device including a first plate and a second plate coupled to the first plate, a shape memory alloy wire coupled to the first plate and the second plate, a bladder positioned between the first plate and the second plate, the bladder housing a fluid, a first fixed electrode coupled to the second plate, and a flexible electrode coupled to the first plate and extending along the first fixed electrode.

Abstract: In one aspect, bridge circuitry includes a first magnetoresistance (MR) element; a second MR element connected in series with the first MR element at a first node; a third MR element; a fourth MR element connected in series with the third MR element at a second node; a first switch connected at one end to a supply voltage and connected at the other end to the third MR element; a second switch connected at one end to ground and connected at the other end to the fourth MR element; a third switch connected at one end to ground and connected at the other end to the third MR element and the first switch; and a fourth switch connected at one end to the supply voltage and the other end to the fourth MR element and the second switch. The first and second MR elements are in parallel with the third and fourth MR elements.

Abstract: A wireless charging mouse device, a wireless charging mouse, a lower shell of the wireless charging mouse, and a method for producing the lower shell are provided. The wireless charging mouse includes an upper shell, a lower shell, and an electronic module located between the upper shell and the lower shell. The lower shell includes an upper board, a lower board, and a wireless charging assembly located between the upper board and the lower board. A side surface of the upper board is fixed to a side surface of the lower board by gluing or melting. The upper board has a connection hole. The wireless charging assembly includes a circuit board and a wireless charging coil. A connection structure of the circuit board is exposed from the upper board by passing through the connection hole, so as to be electrically coupled to the electronic module.

Abstract: A discharging circuit includes a current limiting resistor, a first switch configured to connect a component to be discharged on an electrical network to a reference potential indirectly via the current limiting resistor, and a limiting circuit configured to be arranged on a control connection side of the first switch and is configured to limit heating that occurs at the first switch or at the current limiting resistor in a discharging mode, wherein the limiting circuit includes a thermistor thermally coupled to the first switch or to the current limiting resistor.

Abstract: The vibration-driven energy harvester includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; a holder holding the first electrode and the second electrode so as to be movable relative to each other; a half-wave rectifier electrically connected to the first and the second electrodes that causes current flowing from the first electrode to the second electrode to flow to an output unit, and cuts off current flowing from the second electrode toward the first electrode; and a second rectifying element electrically connected to the first and the second electrodes that allows the current flowing from the second electrode to the first electrode and blocks the current flowing from the first electrode to the second electrode, wherein: the first electrode has a positively charged electret in a surface facing the second electrode, or the second electrode has a negatively charged electret in a surface facing the first electrode.

Abstract: A device and a method for charging control, and an electronic device are provided. The device includes an interface module configured to be connected to an external charging device; a battery unit including a plurality of battery cells connected in series; a controller connected to the interface module, and configured to identify a charging mode of the external charging device and send a control instruction correspondingly according to the charging mode; a charging circuit connected to the controller and the battery unit and configured to receive the control instruction, so as to charge the battery unit according to a charging signal output by the external charging device; and a voltage dividing circuit connected in series with the battery unit, and configured to divide an output voltage of the battery unit to obtain a power supply voltage suitable for powering the electronic device.

Abstract: An autonomous driving control system is configured to perform autonomous driving of a vehicle. The autonomous driving control system includes: an electric power supply circuit including a plurality of electric power supplies, electric power supply lines respectively belonging to a plurality of systems and a relay device; a fault detector configured to detect a fault state of the relay device; an electric power supply controller configured to control the electric power supply circuit; and an autonomous driving control unit provided to control the autonomous driving of the vehicle. The autonomous driving control unit is configured to perform, upon detection by the fault detector of occurrence of a fault corresponding to a specific fault pattern in the relay device, a restricted autonomous driving control in which part of a control function of the autonomous driving is restricted compared to when no fault corresponding to the specific fault pattern is detected.

Abstract: A method for controlling a discharge of a power storage device includes: a first step of discharging, in a first section of a discharging period, a part of an electric charge stored in a power storage through a first discharge path and a second discharge path of a discharge circuit; and a second step of discharging, in a second section of the discharging period, a remaining part of the electric charge through the second discharge path. The first discharge path includes a zener diode connected to one end of the power storage. The second discharge path includes a first transistor connected to the one end of the power storage. The first section is a period in which a voltage of the one end of the power storage is higher than a breakdown voltage of the zener diode. The second section is a period in which a voltage of the one end of the power storage is lower than the breakdown voltage of the zener diode.

Abstract: According to one or more embodiments, a memory system includes a nonvolatile semiconductor memory, a capacitor, a constant current circuit, a measurement circuit, and a controller. The capacitor stores charges to be supplied to the nonvolatile semiconductor memory. The constant current circuit extracts the charge from the capacitor at a constant current. The measurement circuit measures a terminal voltage of the capacitor. The controller controls the nonvolatile semiconductor memory. The controller calculates a capacitance value of the capacitor based both on a resistance value of a leakage resistance of the capacitor and a change in the measured terminal voltage over time in each of a first period during which the capacitor naturally discharges and a second period during which the constant current circuit extracts the charge from the capacitor.

Abstract: If a wire is broken at a connecting portion 5a, the connection with a positive electrode wiring 4a is broken and a second discharge circuit 11 is lost. However, a first discharge resistor 6 is connected to a positive electrode wiring 4a, and a first discharge circuit 9 is maintained. If a wire is broken at a connecting portion 5b, the connection with a negative electrode wiring 4b is broken and the second discharge circuit 11 is lost. However, the switching element 7 is connected to the negative electrode wiring 4b via a board wiring 3 and a relay wiring 21, and the first discharge circuit 9 is maintained. If a wire is broken at a connecting portion 5c, the connection with the first discharge resistor 6 is broken and the first discharge circuit 9 is lost, but the second discharge circuit 11 is maintained.

Abstract: The present invention is notably directed to methods and systems for protecting a pre-charge circuit. The present invention is further directed to related computer-implemented program product. The method comprises monitoring the current flowing through the current limiting device, calculating the energy loading of the current limiting device over time, and managing the system state to prevent damaging operation of the pre-charge circuit.

Abstract: A balancing system for balancing respective voltages of N consecutively connected capacitors during charging or discharging includes balancing units, each having a pair of associated switches and an electromagnetic coil. An inter-switch junction is connected to an inter-capacitor junction of a corresponding group of capacitors through the electromagnetic coil. A control and generation circuit generates PWM control signals and transmits a generated PWM control signal to each of the switches. The PWM control signals have fixed duty cycles that do not vary temporarily during charging or discharging of the N capacitors. The duty cycles of two PWM control signals transmitted to two associated switches are complementary for each balancing unit.

Abstract: An alternating voltage charging device for a vehicle is equipped with a rectifier, a battery terminal, and at least one first DC link capacitor, which is provided between the rectifier and the battery terminal. The charging device includes a switch device, which connects at least one second DC link capacitor to the at least one first DC link capacitor. The switch device interconnects the DC link capacitors in parallel in a first switching state and in series in a second switching state. There is also described a method to be carried out by the charging device.

Abstract: The present application relates to an electric car and an active discharging module, a driving apparatus, and an electric drive system thereof. said active discharging module comprises a discharging subcircuit, which is connected in parallel with the DC-link capacitor of the electric car, and a first switch, which is connected to an actuating apparatus of the electric car and the discharging subcircuit respectively. The discharging subcircuit comprises a discharging resistor and a power switching transistor which are connected in series, wherein the first switch may turn off the power switching transistor after the actuating apparatus is turned on, and turn on the power switching transistor after the actuating apparatus is turned off. Said driving apparatus comprises any one of the above active discharging modules. Said electric drive system comprises any one of the above driving apparatuses. Said electric car comprises any one of the above electric drive system.

Abstract: A power tool that is powered by a battery pack includes a function member, a motor, a motor driving circuitry, an energy storage component, an electromagnetic switch, and a power-off protection module. The electromagnetic switch includes a coil, a first switch electrically connected to the coil and configured to turn on and off an electrical connection between the coil and the battery pack, and a second switch electrically connected to the motor driving circuitry and configured to turn on and off an electrical connection between the battery pack and the motor driving circuitry. The power-off protection module is electrically connected to the coil and to the energy storage component and is configured to cut off an electrical connection between the coil and the energy storage in response to the power tool and the battery pack being electrically disconnected.

Abstract: A charging pile system includes at least two charging piles, charging plugs disposed on the charging piles, the charging plugs are configured to charge a load, and the charging plugs include power cables and communications cables. A charging plug socket is further disposed on at least one charging pile, and the charging plug socket is configured to insert the charging plug on another charging pile into the charging pile on which the charging pile socket is disposed.

Abstract: A circuit includes two thyristors coupled in anti-series. An AC capacitor has first and second electrodes respectively coupled to two different electrodes of the two thyristors. The first and second electrodes are coupled to receive an AC voltage. A control circuit detects discontinuance of application of the AC voltage to the AC capacitor and in response thereto simultaneously applies same gate currents to the two thyristors. A current path through the two thyristors (one passing current in forward mode and the other in reverse mode) discharges a residual voltage stored on the AC capacitor.

Abstract: The power conversion device includes an inverter circuit in which one or a plurality of current limitation circuits that limit an electric current flowing in each of legs are provided and a control unit that controls, when a target voltage or a target current of the inverter circuit is outside a predetermined range, the current limitation circuits such that the electric current flowing in each of the legs is not limited and alternately performs the ON/OFF control of the two switching elements of each of the legs with a dead time in between and controls, when the target voltage or the target current is within the predetermined range, the current limitation circuits such that the electric current flowing in each of the legs is limited and alternately performs the ON/OFF control the two switching elements of each of the legs of the inverter circuit without the dead time in between.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to a battery system with internally powered real time clock, the battery system includes a plurality of battery cells connected in series and/or in parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal and a real time clock electrically connected to a first node of the plurality of battery cells, a voltage of a single battery cell of the plurality of battery cells applies to the first node, and the real time clock draws power via the first node in a first operation state and in a second operation state of the battery system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a distributed and anonymous approach to demand response of an electricity system. The approach conceptualizes energy consumption and production of distributed-energy resources (DERs) via discrete energy packets that are coordinated by a cyber computing entity that grants or denies energy packet requests from the DERs. The approach leverages a condition of a DER, which is particularly useful for (1) thermostatically-controlled loads, (2) non-thermostatic conditionally-controlled loads, and (3) bi-directional distributed energy storage systems. In a first aspect of the present approach, each DER independently requests the authority to switch on for a fixed amount of time (i.e., packet duration). The coordinator determines whether to grant or deny each request based electric grid and/or energy or power market conditions. In a second aspect, bi-directional DERs, such as distributed-energy storage systems (DESSs) are further able to request to supply energy to the grid.

Abstract: A predetermined internal voltage of a charging and discharging conversion unit is monitored by using voltage supervisor circuits of a voltage monitoring unit in response to a drive voltage for a load to operate such that a connection state of a plurality of capacitors included in the conversion unit is converted to a series connection or a parallel connection in a charging mode or a discharging mode, switching of switching elements of the conversion unit is controlled through switching control signals generated corresponding thereto, and thereby, the plurality of capacitors of the conversion unit are connected in series in the charging mode, and the connection state of the plurality of capacitors is converted and connected in the order of an entire parallel connection, a partial series connection, and an entire series connection in response to the drive voltage for the load to be driven in the discharging mode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a battery system comprising a solid-state relay assembly comprising a device-side driver circuitry having a device-side switching device, a battery-side driver circuitry having a battery-side switching device, a first recirculation driver circuitry, a first recirculation switching device, a second recirculation switching device, and a second recirculation driver circuitry.

Abstract: An appliance, such as a portable surface cleaning apparatus is powered by one or more ultracapacitors and a charging unit for same is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates a single-phase and three-phase compatible circuit and a charge-discharge apparatus. The circuit comprises: a terminal, a first bridge arm, a first switch, a second bridge arm, a switch set, a third bridge arm, a fourth switch, two bus capacitors connected in series, and a fifth switch. The terminal is configured to receive or provide an AC power. When the terminal receives or provides a single-phase AC power, the first switch and the fifth switch are turned on and the first and third terminals of the switch set are electrically connected. The third inductor, the third bridge arm and the two bus capacitors form a half-bridge active filter circuit. A regulation module is electrically connected to the two bus capacitors and the third bridge arm, and controls the third bridge arm based on the voltages of the two bus capacitors.

Abstract: The power conversion device includes an inverter circuit in which one or a plurality of current limitation circuits that limit an electric current flowing in each of legs are provided and a control unit that controls, when a target voltage or a target current of the inverter circuit is outside a predetermined range, the current limitation circuits such that the electric current flowing in each of the legs is not limited and alternately performs the ON/OFF control of the two switching elements of each of the legs with a dead time in between and controls, when the target voltage or the target current is within the predetermined range, the current limitation circuits such that the electric current flowing in each of the legs is limited and alternately performs the ON/OFF control the two switching elements of each of the legs of the inverter circuit without the dead time in between.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure include a first sense transistor having a gate and a drain configured to couple in parallel with a high-side transistor and a source terminal coupled to a first node, and a second sense transistor having a gate and a drain configured to couple in parallel with a low-side transistor, and a source terminal coupled to a third node. The circuit further includes a first comparator circuit having a first input coupled to the first node, a second input coupled to a second node, and an output, a second comparator circuit having a first input coupled to the third node, a second input coupled to a ground node, and an output, and a logic circuit having first input coupled to the output of the first comparator circuit, a second input coupled to the output of the second comparator circuit, and an output.

Abstract: A charge recovery driver is for a pair of loads, and includes first and second output nodes coupled to a pair of loads. During an initial phase, the first output node is grounded and the second output node is tied to the supply voltage. During a first phase, the first output node is coupled to the first tank capacitor and the second output node is coupled to the second tank capacitor. During a second phase, the first and second output nodes are coupled to one another. During a third phase, the second output node is coupled to the first tank capacitor and the first output node is coupled to the second tank capacitor. During a fourth phase, the first output node is coupled to the supply voltage and the second output node is coupled to ground. The third, second, and first phases are then repeated in that order.

Abstract: A Static Electrostatic Generator (SEG) is disclosed which produces static charges at high voltage and low current. The SEG is capable of generating positive or negative charges on a metal sphere by reversing the polarity of a DC source. The conversion efficiency of the system is about 47% and its design is simple, lightweight, and easy to manufacture. The SEG is a static device and no mechanical movement is required to produce charges. Also, the design is easily scalable.

Abstract: When interruption of electric service occurs, each of a number of electric actuators forcibly drives a motor using electric energy stored in an electricity storing portion and returns a valve to a predetermined opening position. When receiving a charge start command from a host device, each of the electric actuators starts the charging of the electricity storing portion. The host device divides the electric actuators into groups according to predetermined priority of charging and transmits charge start commands to the electric actuators for each of the groups in order of the priority.

Abstract: A battery disconnecting device has a first input and a second input to which a battery can be connected, whereby the disconnecting device also has a first output and a second output to which an electric component can be connected, whereby at least one first circuit breaker is arranged between the first input and the first output, and at least one second circuit breaker is arranged between the second input and the second output, whereby the first circuit breaker is at least a transistor and the second circuit breaker is a relay.

Abstract: In a method for controlling a line converter on board a track-bound vehicle semiconductor devices of current valves of the line converter are controlled to be turned on and off so as to prevent the current (I) through a secondary winding of a transformer to which midpoints of phase-legs of the converter are connected to pass zero and shift direction other when the voltage across the secondary winding shifts direction by a start of a new half period of an AC line voltage across the windings of the transformer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for switching power supply path of at least one electrical machine, said electrical machine being arranged to be selectively supplied power by a first power supply path and a second power supply path, respectively, by alternately opening and closing said power supply paths, said first and second power supply paths being arranged to connect a power supply source to a first connection terminal means of said electrical machine. The method includes, when switching from said first power supply path to said second power supply path: opening said first power supply path; by means of said electrical machine, controlling a terminal voltage of said first connection terminal means to substantially a power supply voltage of said second power supply path; and closing said second power supply path.

Abstract: A detachable charging pad includes a carrier and a control box. The carrier has a coil portion and a housing, and the housing has a first electrical connecting portion. The control box is detachably disposed in the housing. The control box has a control circuit and a second electrical connecting portion. When the control box is disposed in the housing, the first electrical connecting portion and the second electrical connecting portion are electrically in contact with each other. The control circuit outputs a control signal to the coil portion through the second electrical connecting portion and the first electrical connecting portion. The coil portion activates a wireless charging function according to the control signal. When the control box is not disposed in the housing, the coil portion stops the wireless charging function.

Abstract: After the vehicle is parked, when the SOC of the auxiliary battery becomes equal to or less than a threshold A, the ECU turns off the switch; when it is predicted that the engine will be started for the first time, the ECU turns on the switch; when the capacitor temperature is equal to or lower than a threshold B, the ECU turns on the heater and starts to charge the capacitor; when the engine is startable and when an engine start operation is performed by the user, the ECU supplies the electric power in the capacitor to the engine starter.

Abstract: A system supplies supplemental power to a power tool. The system includes a motor coupled to an output driver, a trigger for user control of power tool operation, a sensor configured to measure an operation characteristic, a battery pack coupled to the motor, and an auxiliary energy supply. A motor controller receives a control signal from the trigger and drives the motor utilizing energy from the battery pack in response to the control signal. The motor controller also receives information from the sensor and provides additional energy to the motor from the auxiliary energy supply depending on the information from the sensor (e.g., motor speed, motor rotational position, motor current, or trigger pull percentage). The controller may connect the auxiliary energy supply in series with the battery pack to supply the supplemental power. A battery charger or energy recapture may be utilized to charge the auxiliary energy supply.