Abstract: A memory module is operable in a memory system with a memory controller. The memory module comprises memory devices, a module control circuit, and a plurality of buffer circuits coupled between respective sets of data signal lines in a data bus and respective sets of the memory devices. Each respective buffer circuit is mounted on the module board and coupled between a respective set of data signal lines and a respective set of memory devices. Each respective buffer circuit is configured to receive the module control signals and the module clock signal, and to buffer a respective set of data signals in response to the module control signals and the module clock signal. Each respective buffer circuit includes a delay circuit configured to delay the respective set of data signals by an amount determined based on at least one of the module control signals.

Abstract: An assembly line in-situ calibration arrangement, optical sensor arrangement and a method for calibration of an optical sensor arrangement are presented. A calibration arrangement comprises a calibration head comprising at least one calibrated light source located behind an aperture in a housing and being electrically connected to a power terminal. A power source is connected to the power terminal, the power source comprising a switching unit electrically connected to the at least one light source. An interface unit is connected to the switching unit by means of an interface connection, wherein the interface unit is arranged to control the switching unit. A control unit is connected to the interface unit, wherein the control unit is arranged to drive the interface unit such that the at least one light source is switched to emit a calibration pulse sequence to be received by the optical sensor arrangement to be placed with respect of the aperture.

Abstract: A device may determine an analog gain for an aggregated analog signal. The aggregated analog signal may be associated with a calibration test to be used to determine a set of calibration parameters for a load test of a base station. The device may determine the set of calibration parameters for the load test based on an outcome of performing a calibration test. The set of calibration parameters may result in a set of digital gains approximately centered in a digital dynamic gain range. The device may perform the load test after determining the analog gain for the analog signal and based on the set of calibration parameters for the load test.

Abstract: A drive cycle controller includes a drive cycle switching unit and an output state determination unit. The drive cycle switching unit switches a drive cycle of a microcomputer, which monitors an output of a device, from a first drive cycle to a second drive cycle that is shorter than the first drive cycle if the microcomputer detects a change in an output of the device at an activation timing in the first drive cycle. The output state determination unit determines an output state of the device if the microcomputer confirms that the output has remained changed at an activation timing in the second drive cycle.

Abstract: A radar fill level measurement device can be provided, which comprises a frequency synthesizer configured to generate an oscillator signal, a high-frequency signal generation module configured to generate a transmission signal based on the oscillator signal, and an energy-supply module configured to supply electrical energy to the frequency synthesizer and the high-frequency signal generation module. Associated methods and computer-accessible medium can also be provided. The frequency synthesizer can comprise a control device, a reference oscillator and a phase-locked loop. The phase-locked loop can comprise a phase-locked device and an oscillator. The phase-locked loop can be configured to adjust a frequency of the oscillator signal to a target value, and the phase-locked device can be configured to provide a control signal for the control device when the frequency of the oscillator signal has reached the target value.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave impedance measuring apparatus includes a network analyzer, configured to measure scattering parameters according to a frequency, including a first port and a second port; and a multilayer substrate, connected to the first port and the second port by a coaxial cable, having a via connecting conductive layers to each other and including three or more conductive layers including at least an uppermost layer, a lowermost layer, and an intermediate layer. The multilayer substrate includes a test sample disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer; a through calibration standard disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer; a reflect calibration standard disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer; and a line calibration standard disposed between the uppermost layer and the lowermost layer.

Abstract: A measurement device includes a probe having a first conductive surface, a second conductive surface, and an insulating layer. The second conductive surface is opposite the first conductive surface and fixed relative to the first conductive surface. The insulating layer is positioned between the first conductive surface and second conductive surface and electrically insulates the first conductive surface from the second conductive surface.

Abstract: A current digital-to-analog converter includes a binary current-generating section configured to generate a binary-weighted current based on a first set of control signals; a unary current-generating section configured to generate a unary-weighted current based on a second set of control signals; and a current combining circuit configured to add or subtract a reference current and a current generated by a current source of the unary current-generating section using the binary-weighted current.

Abstract: A method of network extraction based on phase localization using a test setup including a standard includes measuring frequency data using a measuring instrument connected with the test setup by performing a frequency sweep across an identified bandwidth, correlating filter functions as required against the measured frequency domain data to localize phase across the test setup, removing excess phase rotation and solving for inner plane match of the test setup based on known composite measurement and previously identified components of the test setup.

Abstract: A test apparatus for testing a device under test is configured to receive a response signal from the device under test and to apply one or more correction functions to the received response signal to at least partially correct an imperfection of the DUT. The test apparatus is configured to thereby obtain a corrected response signal of the device under test and to evaluate the corrected response signal to judge the device under test.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed to determine a power state of a device. An example apparatus includes a chart generator to determine respective counts for a plurality of measurements during a calibration period, the measurements indicative of an amount of power drawn by the device, the counts indicating respective numbers of times the respective measurements were detected. The example apparatus also includes a calculator to identify a first threshold based on at least one of the counts, and determine a second threshold. The example apparatus also includes a comparator to compare a measurement to the first threshold and to the second threshold, and a state detector to store an indication that the device is in an indeterminate state if the measurement is greater than the first threshold and less than the second threshold.

Abstract: A level meter and a method for monitoring the level meter operating according to the radar principle, in which a signal conductor is lead out of an inner space of a leakage chamber of a bracket housing through a process-side opening of the leakage chamber and/or of the bracket housing into the process-side outer space of the bracket housing. The method involves transmitting a signal in the form of a pulse along the signal conductor, receiving a reflected received signal, relaying the received signal to the control and evaluation unit. In addition to the simple verification of the presence of a leak, a change in the received signal can also be quantified by the frequency spectrum of the received signal being determined and monitoring of the level meter carried out in the frequency domain.

Abstract: An oscilloscope is described that has a compensation signal generator configured to generate a compensation signal, a probe connector configured to be connected to the passive probe and a detection unit configured to detect whether the passive probe is connected to the probe connector or not. Further, a test and measurement system and a method are described.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a touch screen controller operable with a touch screen. The touch screen controller includes input circuitry to receive touch data from the touch screen, and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry acquires mutual capacitance touch strength values from the touch screen, determines when the mutual capacitance touch strength values define a pre-validated donut touch pattern, and reads self capacitance touch strength values for lines that are contained within bounds of the pre-validated donut touch pattern. If the self capacitance touch strength values for lines contained within bounds of the pre-validate donut touch pattern contain a singular peak value, the processing circuitry validates the pre-validated donut touch pattern as representing a single touch.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a wireless transceiver capable of offsetting internal signal leakage. The wireless transceiver includes a transmission circuit, a reception circuit and a calibration circuit. The calibration circuit generates a first estimation signal according to the difference between a test signal and a reception digital signal passing through a standard path, generates a second estimation signal according to the difference between the test signal and a reception digital signal passing through a leakage path, and then determines N coefficient(s) of a calibration filter according to the difference between the first estimation signal and the second estimation signal. Therefore, the calibration circuit including the calibration filter can output a calibration signal to the reception circuit to offset at least a part of the signal leakage from the transmission circuit to the reception circuit.

Abstract: A solid state drive (SSD) with improved techniques for testing power loss protection (PLP) capacitors and a method for testing PLP capacitors of SSDs is disclosed. In one embodiment, the SSD includes a memory controller and one or more non-volatile memory devices and a volatile memory device coupled to the memory controller. The SSD also includes a PLP capacitor configured to supply a first voltage to the memory controller, the one or more non-volatile memory devices, and the volatile memory device in the event of a power loss or failure of the SSD. In one embodiment, the PLP capacitor is further configured to increase the first voltage to a second voltage prior to testing the PLP capacitor. In another embodiment, the memory controller is configured to reduce a volume of data stored in the volatile memory device prior to testing the PLP capacitor.

Abstract: A monitoring and alert system for a radar-based object detection device has a blockage detection circuit including elements that detect and warn of radar blockage from dirt or debris on a radome. Environmentally-applied or human-applied material becoming attached to a surface of the radome can block the radar signal from being radiated, or a target return/echo from being received, at a sufficient power level. The monitoring and alert system prevents a vehicle operator from assuming that the unit is functioning properly and that no targets exist in the radar field of view, when the radar is actually blocked by the dirt and debris. One electrode, or multiple spaced-apart electrodes, on the radome may be monitored for each electrode's respective “self-capacitance”. Thus, different regions of the radome may be separately and independently monitored for alerts when one or more regions of the radome are negatively-affected by the dirt or debris.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for positioning, orienting, and/or aligning a stress sensor assembly are provided. Raw stress signals, which can correspond to stress in the target, can be generated by detecting a magnetic flux that travels through the target. The raw stress signals can be sensitive to an alignment of the sensor relative to the target. In order to minimize measurement error, the stress sensor can be properly aligned relative to the target prior to taking a stress measurement. Sensor alignment can involve adjusting a yaw, pitch, and/or roll of the sensor, measuring the raw stress signals, attenuating the detected magnetic flux, and measuring the raw stress signals again. When the stress sensor is properly aligned, a change in a size of a gap between the sensor and a surface of a target can result in approximately equal changes in the raw stress signal.

Abstract: Current-generation circuitry, comprising: a plurality of candidate current sources operable to generate respective candidate currents; an output current source operable to generate an output current; comparator circuitry; and control circuitry operable to control the current sources and the comparator circuitry to: in an adjustment step, generate an adjustment current by selecting one of the candidate currents or by summing together a plurality of the candidate currents, and calibrate at least a plurality of the candidate current sources; and in a calibration step, following the adjustment step, generate a reference current by selecting one of the candidate currents generated by the candidate current sources calibrated in the adjustment step or by summing together a plurality of the candidate currents generated by those candidate current sources, and calibrate the output current source by comparing its output current to that reference current and adjusting a control signal applied to that output current sourc

Abstract: A method and apparatus including a computing device to quantify a term of a service agreement in a context of a proposed solution, evaluate solution characteristics against a given gateway architecture, and compare the solution characteristics to desired service-agreement solution metrics. The solution characteristics include simulated observed characteristics.

Abstract: A measurement system is provided. The measurement system includes a device under test (DUT), an antenna, and a measuring device connected to the antenna. The measuring device is configured to scan for spurious emissions of the DUT for at least one frequency. The measuring device is further configured to determine at least one spurious frequency. The measuring device is further configured to perform a measurement at each of the at least one spurious frequency.

Abstract: A particulate matter emission monitor for monitoring concentration of particulate matter concentration in a fluent stream passing through an industrial stack is tested and/or calibrated using apparatus which is scaled down in size from the much larger industrial stack.

Abstract: A system includes a proximity probe. The system also includes a probe information element. The probe information element is coupled to the proximity probe. The probe information element includes first data corresponding to one or more first error characteristics of the proximity probe.

Abstract: An apparatus for calibration of an electronic instrument, such as a vector network analyzer, includes a number of calibrator connector elements for connection to the instrument, and a plate element including a plurality of calibration waveguide structures. The plate element has conductive surfaces, and the calibrator connector elements and conductive surfaces include periodic structures disposed with respect to each other such that gaps are formed between them. An interface enables interconnection of a waveguide of a calibrator connector element, a waveguide of the instrument, and a calibration waveguide structure. The apparatus includes a driving unit and controller for moving the plate element and/or the calibrator connector element to connect the calibrator connector element to different calibration waveguide structures.

Abstract: An attenuation circuit with a low insertion loss is provided. The attenuation circuit includes an input to receive an input signal, an output to provide an attenuated signal, an attenuator coupled between the input and the output, the attenuator being configured to attenuate the input signal, an isolation switch constructed to isolate the attenuator from the input or the output when in a bypass mode, and a bypass switch coupled in parallel with the attenuator to couple the input to the output when in the bypass mode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a calibration circuit suitable for generating impedance control codes based on an external resistor coupled to a calibration pad; an individual trimming controller suitable for generating a plurality of individual trimming signals based on test mode signals and group selection signals; and a termination circuit including a plurality of resistor groups, coupled in parallel to a data pad, that are trimmed as a group based on the impedance control codes, each of the plurality of resistor groups being individually trimmed based on a corresponding signal among the plurality of individual trimming signals.

Abstract: Disclosed is a power detector. The power detector in which calibration is performed to minimize errors caused by a process variation and a temperature variation in a structure that allows a wide input dynamic range of the power detector at a low supply voltage is provided.

Abstract: A monitoring circuit is implemented for comparing a sampled voltage taken from a selected sampling capacitor and a reference voltage from a voltage buffer. The voltage buffer is configurable according to programming provided to a programmable logic controller, PLC. Comparisons may be made on a periodic basis, such as a time-division multiplexed basis, in connection with register settings in the PLC.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus, a method and a computer program for calculating one or more scattering parameters of a linear network, the network including a number of N ports adapted to provide electric connections. The apparatus is configured to calculate, and the method includes calculating, one or more scattering parameters of the linear network, which are related to a reference impedance, on the basis of a measured electrical response at one or more ports of the linear network to an incident wave applied at a port of the linear network, measured under the condition that one or more of other ports of the linear network face a reflection coefficient ? with an amplitude ? of 0.5 or larger. The computer program is adapted to perform such a method and runs on a computer.

Abstract: A network analyzer system includes a network analyzer having at least two ports, a first operational device connected a first port of the at least two ports of the network analyzer and configured to perform a first task with the network analyzer, and a second operational device connected a second port of the at least two ports of the network analyzer and configured to perform a second task with the network analyzer. The second task is performed at least partially concurrently with the first task.

Abstract: A measurement device is disclosed for carrying out measurements on a system to be measured. For configuring the measurement software to be run by a processor controlling at least one measuring unit of the measurement device, the measurement device comprises a configuration unit which can configure the measurement software to comprise certain measurement features needed for the measurements. The configuration unit displays a configuration screen on a display unit wherein the configuration screen contains a plurality of user-selectable configuration options. This enables the user to receive information about the current software and hardware configuration and to be actively involved in the configuration process. The invention is particularly useful for RF sensitive measurement devices.

Abstract: The application at least describes a tuning and measurement fixture. The fixture comprises a bottom plate including side surfaces, a top surface and a bottom surface. The bottom plate includes a window extending between the top and bottom surfaces. The window can expose a through-hole of a filter positioned in the fixture. In addition, the top surface of the filter includes a signal connection and a ground connection configured to communicate with the filter. The bottom surface of the filter includes an RF port configured to transmit electrical characteristics of the filter. A top plate of the filter includes a top and a bottom surface. The top plate is separated from the bottom plate by a predetermined height. The top plate includes a window extending between the top and bottom surfaces. The window exposes the through-hole of the filter held in the fixture. The application also describes a method of tuning and measuring a filter in a fixture.

Abstract: Systems and methods for calibration and operation of a source-measure unit (SMU). The system may include a functional unit and output terminals coupled to the functional unit. An excitation signal may be applied to a capacitor by the SMU. The capacitor may be included in a calibration circuit. The method may include obtaining one or more of a current calibration coefficient (CCC) or a voltage calibration coefficient (VCC). The CCC may correspond to a current-range setting and the VCC may correspond to a voltage-range setting. The CCC may be obtained from a value of a first current and a value of a second current developed in the capacitor responsive to the excitation signal. The VCC may be obtained from a value of a first voltage and a value of a second voltage developed across the capacitor responsive to the excitation signal.

Abstract: A system and a method for determining the power loss of a transformer. The method includes measuring voltage and current at the primary side of the transformer, calculating input power by multiplying the measured current and voltage on the primary side of the transformer; measuring voltage and current at the secondary side of the transformer, calculate a nominal error ratio, calculating output power by multiplying the measured current and voltage on the secondary side of the transformer. The method further involves calculating a first corrected power loss by means of multiplying the input power with the nominal error ratio and subtract the output power.

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods relate to a programmable resistor having a resistance iteratively programmed by a calibration control loop. In an illustrative example, the calibration control loop may alternately sample the programmable resistance and a reference resistance by producing a corresponding voltage drop across the resistors. The voltage drops may, for example, be induced by the same constant current source. The calibration control loop may compare the voltage drops with a comparator, for example. In some examples, the comparator may provide a count direction signal to a logic block, generating a calibration code. The calibration code may, for example, be applied to the programmable resistor, such that the resistance of the programmable resistor iteratively approaches the resistance of the reference resistor.

Abstract: Systems and methods of measuring and determining noise parameters. An exemplary method measures noise data and determines element values of a device noise model for a device under test (DUT), using a test system including an impedance tuner coupled to an input of the DUT for presenting a controllable variable impedance to the DUT and a noise receiver coupled to an output of the DUT. Noise data is measured as a function of at least one measurement parameter. The measured data includes raw noise data read from the noise receiver, and is used to determine element values of the device noise model. The system may include a database of device models.

Abstract: A voltmeter of the present disclosure includes a multimeter, a first option switch, a second option switch, a control module, an adjusting power source and a button. The multimeter has a positive probe and a negative probe. The first option switch has two binding posts S1, S2, and a connection pin T1. The second option switch also has two binding posts S3, S4 and a connection pin T2. The positive probe of the multimeter is coupled with the connection pin T1 of the first option switch, the negative probe of the multimeter is coupled with the connection pin T2 of the second option switch. The control module can control the first option switch and the second option switch, and read a value of the multimeter, the multimeter and test a voltage of a circuit by the adjusting power source being equivalent to the voltage of the circuit.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for vector scattering parameter (s-parameter) measurements, and more particularly, to an apparatus and a method for providing a simple, low cost solution for tests requiring vector s-parameter measurements. The apparatus includes a source which provides an input signal, a divider which splits the input signal to a reference signal and a testing signal, a phase shifter which shifts the reference signal by a first phase and outputs a phase shifted signal, a device under test (DUT) which shifts the testing signal by a second phase and outputs a DUT shifted signal, a combiner which combines the phase shifted signal and the DUT shifted signal into a combined signal, and a detector which detects a product of the phase shifted signal and the DUT shifted signal.

Abstract: A calibration device adapted to be used with a measurement instrument includes a controller, two or more ports, two or more power measurement circuits each connectable with one of the two or more ports, and a non-transitory computer readable storage medium accessible to the controller within which characterization data related to the two or more ports is storable. The calibration device is adapted to be connected with the measurement instrument via a data bus to transmit data and receive commands between the controller and the measurement instrument. The two or more ports are adapted to be interchangeably connectable with ports of the measurement instrument.

Abstract: An active discharge circuit discharges an X capacitor and includes a sensor circuit that generates a sensor signal indicative of an AC voltage at the X capacitor. A processing unit generates a reset signal as a function of a comparison signal. A comparator circuit generates the comparison signal by comparing the sensor signal with a threshold. A timer circuit sets a discharge enable signal to a first logic level when the timer circuit is reset via a reset signal. The timer circuit determines the time elapsed since the last reset and tests whether the time elapsed exceeds a given timeout value. If the time elapsed exceeds the given timeout value, the timer circuit sets the discharge enable signal to a second logic level. A dynamic threshold generator circuit varies the threshold of the comparator circuit as a function of the sensor signal.

Abstract: An electrical measuring system of a six-port circuit includes a delay line and a arithmetic unit. In a first operating mode, an electrical signal can be on the one hand transmitted directly to a first input terminal and on the other hand via the delay line to a second input terminal of the six-port circuit. In an embodiment, the measuring system is configured such that, in the second operating mode, it does not supply a signal to the first input terminal of the six-port circuit and it supplies a reference signal to the second input terminal of the six-port circuit.

Abstract: An efficient technique of machine learning is provided for training a plurality of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with increased speed and accuracy using a genetic evolutionary model. A plurality of artificial chromosomes may be stored representing weights of artificial neuron connections of the plurality of respective CNNs. A plurality of pairs of the chromosomes may be recombined to generate, for each pair, a new chromosome (with a different set of weights than in either chromosome of the pair) by selecting entire filters as inseparable groups of a plurality of weights from each of the pair of chromosomes (e.g., “filter-by-filter” recombination). A plurality of weights of each of the new or original plurality of chromosomes may be mutated by propagating recursive error corrections incrementally throughout the CNN. A small random sampling of weights may optionally be further mutated to zero, random values, or a sum of current and random values.

Abstract: A probe having a temperature sensor on its distal portion is introduced into a fluid-filled body cavity of a subject, and an irrigating fluid passed through the probe. The temperature of the irrigating fluid exiting the probe differs from the temperature of the body cavity. Temperature readings of the irrigating fluid exiting the probe are recorded. A determination is made from the temperature readings that predetermined contact criteria between the probe and the interior wall of the body cavity are satisfied.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for determining an electromagnetic (EM) characteristic of a material, including a chamber, an antenna, a transmitter, a receiver and a processor. The chamber includes a permanent boundary that encloses a volume; a removable panel along the boundary. The panel includes the material. The antenna is disposed in the chamber for transmitting source EM radiation and receiving reflected EM radiation. The transmitter injects the source EM radiation via the antenna into the chamber. The source EM radiation includes continuous wave (CW) and pulse signals. The receiver obtains reverberated EM radiation from the chamber via the antenna and produces an intermediate frequency signal. The processor controls the transmitter and the receiver. The processor determines a decay time of the EM radiation from the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: An arrangement includes a plurality of peripheral units and with a sensor, each of the plurality of peripheral units being provided with a connection for connecting the sensor to a supply voltage, includes a sensor input for connecting the sensor, and also includes a measuring resistor for acquiring a sensor current that represents a signal state, where a redundant acquisition and evaluation of the sensor current or a redundant operation of the sensor is permitted on the plurality of peripheral units via suitable measures.

Abstract: A method and system that provides for execution of a first calibration sequence, such as upon initialization of a system, to establish an operation value, which utilizes an algorithm intended to be exhaustive, and executing a second calibration sequence from time to time, to measure drift in the parameter, and to update the operation value in response to the measured drift. The second calibration sequence utilizes less resources of the communication channel than does the first calibration sequence. In one embodiment, the first calibration sequence for measurement and convergence on the operation value utilizes long calibration patterns, such as codes that are greater than 30 bytes, or pseudorandom bit sequences having lengths of 2N?1 bits, where N is equal to or greater than 7, while the second calibration sequence utilizes short calibration patterns, such as fixed codes less than 16 bytes, and for example as short as 2 bytes long.

Abstract: A method of assessing flow from an individual well in a set of oil and gas wells includes flowing output from a first subset of the wells collectively to a first flow measurement system through a first conduit while flowing output from a second subset of the wells collectively to a second flow measurement system through a second conduit different from the first conduit. Total flow through the first flow measurement system and total flow through the second measurement system are measured. Output from said individual well is rerouted from one of said first and second measurement systems to the other of said first and second measurement systems. Total flow through at least one of the first and second measurement systems is measured after the re-routing. A difference between the total flow rate before the re-routing and after the re-routing is used to assess flow rate from said individual well.

Abstract: A memory module is operable in a memory system with a memory controller. The memory module comprises memory devices, a module control circuit, and a plurality of buffer circuits coupled between respective sets of data/strobe signal lines in a data bus and respective sets of the memory devices. Each respective buffer circuit includes a data path corresponding to each data signal line in the corresponding set of data/strobe signal lines, and a command processing circuit configured to decode module control signals from the module control circuit and to control the data path in accordance with the module control signals. The data path corresponding to the each data signal line includes at least one tristate buffer controlled by the command processing circuit and a delay circuit configured to delay a signal through the data path by an amount determined by the command processing circuit in response to at least one of the module control signals.

Abstract: A measuring device for transmitter performance measuring is provided. The measuring device includes a first measuring path adapted to receive a measuring signal from a device under test, and to determine first measuring values from the measuring signal. The measuring device further includes a second measuring path adapted to receive the measuring signal, and to determine second measuring values from the measuring signal. The measuring device further includes a noise suppressor, connected to an output of the first measuring path and to an output of the second measuring path, wherein the noise suppressor is adapted to receive the first measuring values and the second measuring values, and to suppress noise by multiplying each of the first measuring values with a respective one of the second measuring values to generate a respective measuring value product.

Abstract: A sample clock source includes a master oscillator providing a square wave at a predetermined frequency. A counter and at least one flip-flop are joined to receive the square wave and produce several different output square waves having reduced frequencies. A selector is provided to allow user selection of the different square waves. The selected square wave is provided to a pulse generator which produces a pulse having a known duration at the selected reduced frequency. The pulse generator output can be buffered and provided as the sample clock source. The buffer amplifier is designed to drive long cables with sufficient stability a signal fidelity.