Abstract: A printing apparatus includes a conveyance unit configured to convey a print medium, a printhead for printing an image by discharging ink to the conveyed print medium, a heating unit provided on a downstream side of the printhead with respect to a conveyance direction of the print medium and configured to heat the print medium, and a ventilation unit provided on a downstream side of the heating unit with respect to the conveyance direction and configured to ventilate air in a peripheral space of a conveyance path of the print medium. The printing apparatus controls to delay a start of printing by the printhead so that the print medium dried by the heating unit passes through the conveyance path in a state in which a humidity in the space becomes lower than a predetermined value due to the ventilation.

Abstract: An isolation network for multi-way power divider/combiners is provided. The isolation network provides a planar power divider/combiner according to an ideal design. Embodiments realize the isolation network using a series of isolation channels, each with an airbridge spanning over an isolation resistor and a common resistor bus connecting the isolation resistors together. In this manner, a symmetric multi-way power divider/combiner can be provided with superior performance to conventional approaches, including high isolation and low insertion loss.

Abstract: A multi-channel detecting system is disclosed. The multi-channel detecting system includes one or more signal-generating units, one or more detecting units, one or more amplifying units, and a calibration unit; the one or more signal-generating units are configured to provide a plurality of signals, the one or more detecting units are configured to detecting a plurality of signals from the one or more signal-generating units and transmitting through a plurality of calibration samples and generating corresponding quantized values; the one or more amplifying units electrically connected to the one or more detecting units are configured to amplify the quantized values; the calibration unit electrically connected to the one or more amplifying units is configured to calibrate the one or more amplifying units to make amplified quantized values provided by the amplifying units to be equal to one or more specific values.

Abstract: An electronic parking meter mechanism is provided. The electronic meter mechanism includes an inner housing, an electronic display screen and a wireless communication subsystem configured to wirelessly communicate with a parking management system. The electronic meter mechanism includes a first processor configured to control the electronic display screen, and a second processor configured to control communication of data by the wireless communication subsystem.

Abstract: A mobile image forming apparatus and an image compensation method of the mobile image forming apparatus are provided. The mobile image forming apparatus includes a surface measurer configured to measure an area touched by the mobile image forming apparatus among a surface area on which a print image is to be printed, an image processor configured to retrieve at least one of curvature data and moisture data from the measured result, and compensate the print image based on the at least one of the curvature data and moisture data retrieved, and an image former configured to print the compensated print image on the surface.

Abstract: A power amplification device (1) according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention includes a Doherty amplifier (10) that is adjusted to operate at a set frequency, a frequency comparator (11) that compares a supplied frequency being a frequency of an input signal RF_IN to the Doherty amplifier (10) with the set frequency, and a protection circuit (12) that sets an operating state of the Doherty amplifier (10) to inactive when the supplied frequency and the set frequency are different. It is thereby possible to protect the Doherty amplifier (10) when the input signal RF_IN with a frequency different from the set frequency is supplied.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to a dynamic multi-mode radiometer system and method for automated calibration of the system. In an embodiment, the system comprises a radiometer channel including an input selective low noise amplifier (LNA) and radiometer receiver. The LNA comprises a first input and second input and an output coupled to the radiometer receiver. The system includes an antenna coupled to the first input and a reference load selectively connected to the second input, the reference load configured to produce a first signal representative of a reference temperature. The system includes an internal calibrated noise generator selectively connected to the second input of the LNA and includes an internal noise source for producing a second signal representative of an injected noise temperature. The generator is configured to calibrate the radiometer receiver as a function of the injected noise temperature equalized to the reference temperature.

Abstract: A method is provided for communicating signals at a low power level in an electromagnetic interference (EMI) environment. A first device transmits a modulated signal having a first carrier frequency, including the encoded information via a hardwire transmission medium. In one aspect, the power level of the modulated signal can be adjusted to minimize power consumption or reduce the generation of EMI. The modulated signal may be in one of the following formats: frequency modulation (FM) or phase modulation (PM) to name a few examples. A second device including a logarithmic detector amplifier (LDA) demodulator circuit receives the signal, which may be mixed with EMI. The LDA demodulator circuit amplifies the modulated signal, without amplifying the EMI, to supply a demodulated baseband signal, which may be an n-ary digital signal, or an audio signal. A low-power, noise insensitive communication channel is also provided.

Abstract: A Dicke-switched radiometer including a signal channel comprising of an antenna for receiving an input signal and a first stage amplification circuit for amplifying an output of the antenna and generating an amplified input signal; a reference channel comprising of a resistive load, a second stage amplification circuit and a matching filter for matching a frequency and an impedance of the amplified input signal to a frequency and an impedance of the amplified reference signal; a Dicke switch coupled to first stage amplification circuit and the matching filter for inputting the amplified input signal and an output of the matching filter to generate a difference signal; a third stage amplification circuit coupled to an output of the Dicke switch for amplifying the difference signal; and a detector coupled to an output of the third stage amplification circuit to obtain the amplified difference signal and generate a detected difference signal.

Abstract: A radiation detector disposed on a microwave antenna assembly is disclosed. The radiation detector includes a receiving antenna adapted to receive errant microwave energy and a rectifier coupled to the receiving antenna that is adapted to rectify at least a portion of the errant microwave energy. A filter is coupled to the rectifier and is adapted to convert the rectified microwave energy into a detection signal.

Abstract: An ensemble detector uses calibrated noise references to produce ensemble sets of data from which properties of non-stationary processes may be extracted. The ensemble detector comprising: a receiver; a switching device coupled to the receiver, the switching device configured to selectively connect each of a plurality of reference noise signals to the receiver; and a gain modulation circuit coupled to the receiver and configured to vary a gain of the receiver based on a forcing signal; whereby the switching device selectively connects each of the plurality of reference noise signals to the receiver to produce an output signal derived from the plurality of reference noise signals and the forcing signal.

Abstract: Systems and other embodiments associated with synthetic instrumentation are presented. A reconfigurable synthetic instrumentation unit comprises an input module, with dual input/output ports and conditioning logic to condition an input signal. An RF down converter selectively down converts the conditioned input signal. A sampled RF down converter selectively samples the conditioned input signal. A pair of narrowband A/D converters are configured to convert one of the conditioned signal, the down converted signal and the sampled signal to produce a narrowband digital signal. A pair of broadband A/D converters convert at least one of the conditioned signal, the down converted signal and the sampled signal to produce a broadband digital signal. Signal processing logic selectively performs digital signal processing on the broadband digital signal or the narrow band digital signal.

Abstract: A detector detects an electromagnetic wave having a frequency of 0.01 THz?f?100 THz and transmitted through a device under test (DUT). A changer changes a relative position of an intersection of an optical path of the electromagnetic wave and the DUT, with respect to the DUT. A deriver derives a characteristic value of the electromagnetic wave based on a detection result of the detector, while the characteristic value is associated with an assumed relative position, which is the relative position if the electromagnetic wave is not refracted by the DUT. A corrector changes the assumed relative position to an actual relative position, which is the relative position if the refraction of the electromagnetic wave by the DUT is considered. A corrected deriver derives the characteristic value associated with a predetermined relative position based on an output from the corrector.

Abstract: An underground tunnel detection system does not employ radar. Instead, an automatic frequency control is used to keep a continuous wave (CW) transmission tuned to the resonant frequency of a resonant microwave patch antenna (RMPA). Changes in loading and the bulk dielectric constant of the mixed media in front of the RMPA will affect its resonant frequency and input impedance. A significant shift in the measured input impedance is interpreted as a possible tunnel, and the phase angle of the measured input impedance tends to indicate a slightly forward or aft position relative to the detection system rolling over it on the ground surface.

Abstract: A radio wave propagation analysis result display system calculates an analysis result of radio wave propagation inside a building by subtracting a transmission loss caused by an external wall of the building from an analysis result of radio wave propagation outside the building, and displays a map capable of expressing the height, on which the calculated radio wave propagation analysis result is displayed and superimposed on the building, on a display device.

Abstract: A radiometer for sensing energy includes a first amplifier for amplifying the energy, the first amplifier having a first output, a reference amplifier having a reference input and having a second output, a second amplifier having an input coupled to the first output and the second output, and a controller for switching on and off the first amplifier and the reference amplifier, so that the when the first amplifier is on, the reference amplifier is off, and so that the when the reference amplifier is on, the first amplifier is off.

Abstract: A detector of periodic packets of X photons, each packet having a duration shorter than 0.1 nanosecond, comprising a sensor comprising a semiconductor element of type III-V biased in a negative differential resistance region, said sensor being arranged in a resonant cavity tuned to a multiple of the packet repetition frequency.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a PMOS (p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor) transistor, a NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide semiconductor) transistor, a first capacitor, and a second capacitor, wherein: a first terminal of the PMOS transistor is coupled to a first signal; a second terminal of the PMOS transistor is coupled to a second signal; a third terminal of the PMOS transistor is coupled to the first capacitor; a first terminal of the NMOS transistor is coupled to the second signal; a second terminal of NMOS transistor is coupled to the first signal; and a third terminal of the NMOS transistor is coupled to the second capacitor.

Abstract: A system for testing radio frequency (RF) communications of a device capable of such communications is provided. The system includes a chamber for isolating the device from RF interference, an antenna that is suitable for RF communications with the device wherein the antenna is capable of communications over a range of frequencies, the antenna being located within the chamber, and a digital communication link for providing non-RF communications with the device.

Abstract: A strip line integrated microwave generating element and a microwave detecting element comprises a signal electrode and a ground electrode. The element has a magnetic tunnel junction structure which includes a magnetization fixed layer, a MgO tunnel barrier layer, and a magnetization free layer. The magnetization free layer is 200 nm square or smaller in a cross-sectional area. The magnetization fixed layer is in contact with either one of the signal electrode and the ground electrode while the magnetization free layer of the element being in contact with the other. The element is smaller than the electrodes and mounted on a part of the signal electrode or the ground electrode. A MR ratio of the element is of 100% or more. A resistance value of the element is from 50? to 300?. The resistance of the element is matched with an impedance of the microwave transmission line.

Abstract: A MMIC includes at least one quadrature hybrid in a plurality of series connected amplifiers connected in two parallel gain stages and operatively connected to the at least one quadrature hybrid such that gain is equalized in the two parallel gain stages.

Abstract: An RSS indicator with a linear characteristic that is of a simple configuration, low current consumption and small die area requirements, comprises a pair of input transistors with coupled emitters and base electrodes to which an input signal is differentially applied. Each of the input transistors has a collector load circuit connected between a first supply terminal and its collector, and a tail current sink connected between a second supply terminal and the coupled emitters. The load circuit of each input transistor includes a current source which supplies a current copied from the tail current. A signal strength indicator signal is obtained from a differential signal between corresponding output nodes of the collector load circuits by taking the mean value of the differential signal referenced to the first supply terminal.

Abstract: An arc detection system for a plasma generation system includes a radio frequency (RF) sensor that generates first and second signals based on a respective electrical properties of (RF) power that is in communication with a plasma chamber. A correlation module generates an arc detect signal based on the first and second signals. The arc detect signal indicates whether an arc is occurring in the plasma chamber and is employed to vary an aspect of the RF power to extinguish the arc.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to determine analytes in a fluid. One aspect of the present invention is for the determination of the oil content of water using UV, near-IR, IR or Raman spectroscopy or radiometry. In certain embodiments, a solid membrane material absorbs analytes from fluid brought into contact with it. The membrane is subsequently placed in a FTIR spectrometer, which spectrometer is enabled to determine the concentration of analytes in fluid by calibration. Certain embodiments can determine the type of hydrocarbon present, and thus can differentiate Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) from Total Oil and Grease (TOG), without any separate sample preparation.

Abstract: A differential wireless sensing device includes a first resonant device impinged on a substrate having a predetermined natural frequency, the first resonant device having a changeable resonant frequency in response to an environmental condition, and a second resonant device impinged on the substrate having a predetermined static resonant frequency.

Abstract: The invention related to a method and an electronic measuring device for detecting a process variable connectable to a two-wire line (101) for providing the supply energy and for digital communication with a process control, and a method for operating such a measuring device. An inventive measuring device includes a sensor means (114, 115, 123, 124; 314, 315, 323, 324) for measuring the process variable, a controlling device (117; 317) for controlling components of the measuring device, a voltage measuring device (116; 316) for measuring the supply voltage applied through the two-wire line (101), and a current control unit (122; 322) by means of which the current for supplying the measuring devices can be modified in a temporally appropriate manner as a function of the supply voltage measured by the voltage measuring device (116; 316).

Abstract: A radiometer imaging system includes an antenna array having a plurality of sub-arrays, each being formed of a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a sub-Y-type, a receiver array having the same number of receivers as the antenna elements, each receiver being associated with one of the antenna elements in a one-to-one correspondence to thereby define a channel to generate a first signal and a second signal from an output of each antenna element, and a correlation processor for calculating a correlation for each correlated channel pair, by using the first signal and the second signal for each antenna element, to thereby obtain an 3-D image for the object.

Abstract: An RSSI circuit provides a relatively inexpensive technique for accurately measuring received signal strength over a wide dynamic range. A received signal is processed by a rectifier circuit that generates a series of DC offsets of increasing magnitude. The DC offsets are imposed on a first polarity of the received signal to create a series of outputs that are the first polarity of the received signal with increasing DC offsets. Each of the outputs is coupled to one input of a weighted comparator with the other input of the comparator coupled to a second and opposite polarity of the received signal with no offset. The comparators determine when overlap occurs to indicate particular signal levels.

Abstract: A radio frequency communication device and methods of testing and tuning an antenna attached thereto are disclosed. A radio frequency communication device comprises internal circuitry and an antenna having a plurality of antenna segments associated therewith. Each antenna segment is associated with the antenna in either series or parallel relation through at least one of a fuse and an antifuse. In testing and tuning, a comparison is made to indicate whether the antenna is too short or too long. If the antenna is too short, an antenna segment may be attached to the antenna by initiating an antifuse. If the antenna is too long, an antenna segment may be detached from the antenna by blowing a fuse. If it is indeterminate whether the antenna is too short or too long, an antenna segment may be either attached or detached, the test repeated, and the results of the repeated test compared with the prior test to determine whether the correct action was taken.

Abstract: A radiometer system includes a dual channel, quadrature hybrid amplifier circuit that receives an antenna signal and a known reference signal to equalize gain in two parallel gain stages. A detector circuit receives a signal from the quadrature hybrid amplifier circuit and detects the signals to form a detected output for eliminating sensitivity to gain variations, improving dynamic range of the input signal, and reducing calibration requirements. A log ratio amplifier receives and linearizes the detected output. An integrator circuit receives a signal from the log ratio amplifier and sums the signal over an observation.

Abstract: A radiometer system includes a housing and an RF board contained within the housing. Balanced radiometer channels receive an unknown signal and known reference. Each balanced radiometer channel includes at least one quadrature hybrid and amplifier circuit to provide distributed gain and an amplified output signal. A detection circuit receives and detects the amplified output signal forming a detected signal. A controller board is contained within the housing and has an integration circuit and microcontroller that receives the detected signal and performs video signal digitization and conditioning and real-time corrections on any radiometer channels to account for changes in temperature or gain.

Abstract: A radiometer system includes a housing and an RF board contained within the housing. Balanced radiometer channels receive an unknown signal and known reference. Each balanced radiometer channel includes at least one quadrature hybrid and amplifier circuit to provide distributed gain and an amplified output signal. A detection circuit receives and detects the amplified output signal forming a detected signal. A controller board is contained within the housing and has an integration circuit and microcontroller that receives the detected signal and performs video signal digitization and conditioning and real-time corrections on any radiometer channels to account for changes in temperature or gain.

Abstract: A radiometer includes a housing and an RF board carried by the housing. A hybrid and amplifier circuit receives an unknown signal and a known reference signal. A switch receives signals as inputs from the hybrid and amplifier circuit and switches between the inputs. A detection circuit receives and detects the signal from the switch forming a detected signal. A controller board is carried by the housing and an integration circuit and processor receive the detected signal and produces a digital output.

Abstract: A highly integrated radiometer sensor cell includes a base having opposing surfaces with one surface adapted for surface mounting on a board. A radio frequency (RF) feed receives RF signals and at least one MMIC is operatively connected to the RF feed and receives the RF signals from the RF feed. This MMIC can include at least one quadrature hybrid, a low noise amplifier (LNA) connected thereto, and a detector circuit for producing a detected signal for further radiometer processing.

Abstract: A radiometer includes a housing and an RF board carried by the housing. A hybrid and amplifier circuit receives an unknown signal and a known reference signal. A switch receives signals as inputs from the hybrid and amplifier circuit and switches between the inputs. A detection circuit receives and detects the signal from the switch forming a detected signal. A controller board is carried by the housing and an integration circuit and processor receive the detected signal and produces a digital output.

Abstract: An unknown RF power is converted to a voltage by a detector (11). The voltage is converted to a number by a digitiser (12). A separate and fixed RF power reference (14) drives a second detector (15), whose voltage output is also converted to a number by the digitiser (12). The RF detectors are thermally coupled. Temperature variations in the RF power to voltage characteristic of the detector (11) are corrected by measuring the RF power reference (14) via the detector (15).

Abstract: A radiometer system includes a housing and an RF board contained within the housing. Balanced radiometer channels receive an unknown signal and known reference. Each balanced radiometer channel includes at least one quadrature hybrid and amplifier circuit to provide distributed gain and an amplified output signal. A detection circuit receives and detects the amplified output signal forming a detected signal. A controller board is contained within the housing and has an integration circuit and microcontroller that receives the detected signal and performs video signal digitization and conditioning and real-time corrections on any radiometer channels to account for changes in temperature or gain.

Abstract: A circuit for sensing radio frequency energy. The circuit includes a Wheatstone bridge having at least one element thereof thermally responsive to the radio frequency energy passing therethough differently from radio frequency energy passing though at least one other element of the bridge.

Abstract: A tube measurement and calibration system including a network analyzer for measuring tube radio frequency phase, a calibration adapter for calibrating tube radio frequency power and phase, an amplifier for amplifying input radio frequency power into the tube, and a rigid coaxial cable for radio frequency power communication between the tube and the network analyzer and between the calibration adapter and the network analyzer.

Abstract: A digital signal transmission system using a digital modulation system comprising a digital signal transmitter having a first digital signal processing unit and a digital signal receiver receiving a digital signal from the transmitter, wherein the digital signal receiver comprising a second digital signal processing unit for processing the digital signal from the transmitter and outputting a digital demodulated signal and a correlation value signal, a signal converter coupled with the second digital signal processing unit and supplied the correlation value signal therefrom for generating a waveform indicating a transmission condition including a main wave in response to the correlation value signal, and a display coupled with the signal converter for displaying the waveform indicating a transmission condition in the digital transmission system.

Abstract: Outputs of a linear RF detector and a logarithmic RF detector are multiplexed individually to a single digitizer or simultaneously to a respective digitizers. A process generates a composite waveform from the resulting digitized data, either at a later time in the former case or in real-time in the latter case. To achieve simultaneous routing, several routing relays are arranged in a specialized configuration between the outputs of the RF detectors and the inputs of the digitizers.

Abstract: A radio frequency communication device and methods of testing and tuning an antenna attached thereto are disclosed. A radio frequency communication device according to the present invention is disclosed comprising internal circuitry and an antenna having a plurality of antenna segments associated therewith. Each antenna segment is associated with the antenna in either series or parallel relation through at least one of a fuse and an antifuse. In testing and tuning, a comparison is made to indicate whether the antenna is too short or too long. If the antenna is too short, an antenna segment may be attached to the antenna by initiating an antifuse. If the antenna is too long, an antenna segment may be detached from the antenna by blowing a fuse. If it is indeterminate whether the antenna is too short or too long, an antenna segment may be either attached or detached, the test repeated, and the results of the repeated test compared with the prior test to determine whether the correct action was taken.

Abstract: Dielectric spectroscopy is carried out by coupling non-radiated microwave energy from an antenna to a sample to detect changes in the permittivity of the sample within the antenna's near field. The frequency response of the antenna exhibits resonant frequencies in a frequency range of interest. Changes in the sample as a result of changes in environmental conditions of the sample are exhibited as changes in the antenna's resonant frequency or frequencies. The changes in the positions of the peaks with changes in environmental conditions can be correlated to changes in the condition of the sample, such as unfolding of proteins with increases in temperature of the sample.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for testing a measurement recording device (3) that, in a first test operating mode for testing radio devices (10), is coupled, on the one hand, to a testing device (1) for testing the radio devices and, on the other hand, to a radio device. The method makes it possible to test a measurement recording device (3) for mobile telephones in a real production environment without interrupting the production process. To this end, a second test operating mode for testing the measurement recording device (3) is provided, in which the measurement recording device (3) is coupled, on the one hand, to the testing device (1) for testing the radio devices and, on the other hand, to an essentially defined terminating impedance (17), whereby the measurement recording device (3) is tested by the testing device (1) provided for testing radio devices. The invention also relates to a testing device (1) for testing radio devices and to the use thereof.

Abstract: An RSSI circuit provides a relatively inexpensive technique for accurately measuring received signal strength over a wide dynamic range. A received signal is processed by a rectifier circuit that generates a series of DC offsets of increasing magnitude. The DC offsets are imposed on a first polarity of the received signal to create a series of outputs that are the first polarity of the received signal with increasing DC offsets. Each of the outputs is coupled to one input of a weighted comparator with the other input of the comparator coupled to a second and opposite polarity of the received signal with no offset. The comparators determine when overlap occurs to indicate particular signal levels.

Abstract: Geological probing device comprising a hollow probing rod to be extended into the geological matter to be probed, and a measuring probe fitted to the probing rod, said measuring probe comprising sensors for obtaining information about the matter. The measuring probe further comprises a microwave transmitter, arranged to transmit microwaves carrying data from said sensors, said hollow probing rod being adapted to act as a waveguide, guiding the microwaves to an upper orifice of said hollow probing rod. Compared to previously known techniques, the device according to the invention offers a reliable transmission of data under normal working conditions, and without substantive modifications of the probing rod or other equipment.

Abstract: A training method provides an advantageous technique for estimating secondary propagation path parameters based on learning propagation path characteristics for a selected number of secondary propagation path signals. In a multipath environment, a received radio signal comprises multiple received signals, each received through a different signal propagation path. The strongest multipath signal is deemed the main path signal, while the remaining multipath signals are termed secondary path signals. In some types of direct-sequence, spread spectrum communications systems, significant secondary signals must be canceled from the received multipath signal to achieve desired receiver performance, while in other types of systems, such secondary signals may be used to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal. In either case, the various multipath signals must be accurately characterized.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave analyzer and program which can handle non-uniform cells with smaller computation errors. A given computational domain is divided into a plurality of cells for the purpose of finite difference approximation. For each space point, a cell size identification unit identifies the uniformity of surrounding cells. When the surrounding cells are identified as being uniform in size, a first calculation unit calculates electromagnetic field components at that space point with a first calculation method. When the surrounding cells are identified as being non-uniform in size, a second calculation unit calculates the same with a second calculation method which has smaller computational errors than the first calculation method. A data output unit then outputs the calculated electromagnetic field values.

Abstract: An RSSI circuit provides a relatively inexpensive technique for accurately measuring received signal strength over a wide dynamic range. A received signal is processed by a rectifier circuit that generates a series of DC offsets of increasing magnitude. The DC offsets are imposed on a first polarity of the received signal to create a series of outputs that are the first polarity of the received signal with increasing DC offsets. Each of the outputs is coupled to one input of a weighted comparator with the other input of the comparator coupled to a second and opposite polarity of the received signal with no offset. The comparators provide an inactive output so long as the amplitude of the second polarity of the received signal is greater than the amplitude of the first polarity with the DC offset. The comparators provide an active output when the amplitude of the received signal of the first polarity overcomes the offset to exceed the amplitude of the received signal of the second polarity.

Abstract: The invention is a multipath meter that analyses estimates of parameters associated with a direct signal component and one or more multipath signal components of a signal received by an antenna. The meter analyses the parameter estimates in order to facilitate the select of a location for an antenna, monitor signal quality at an existing antenna site, and/or to determine if satellite failure or some other type of signal failure has occurred. The multipath meter makes available to a user or for analysis information related to the contributions of the direct signal and the multipath signals to the received signal. The information includes estimates of various parameters such as delay, relative amplitude and phase of the direct and multipath signals. The meter calculates a ratio of the amplitudes of the direct and the multipath signals, to determine the severity of the multipath signals and, thus, the signal quality.