Abstract: A circuit having a capacitance driver circuit can allow for reduction of thermal noise to an application circuit. An output of the capacitance driver circuit can drive a capacitor for use by the application circuit coupled to the capacitor at the output of the capacitance driver circuit. The capacitance driver circuit can be structured to operate over a bandwidth of interest. With an input signal, received at the capacitance driver circuit, associated with a target voltage, an output voltage can be provided at the output of the capacitance driver circuit as a bandlimited filtered voltage value of the target voltage, where a root-mean-square voltage deviation of the output voltage from the target voltage, due to thermal noise, is less than a square root of (kT/C). The term k is Boltzmann's constant, T is Kelvin temperature of the capacitance driver circuit, and C is the capacitance of the driven capacitor.

Abstract: A Doppler measurement system includes a random generator outputting a control signal encoding a random selection, and an ultrasonic array transducer for emitting a sequence of transmit pulses at a target at either an adjustable steering angle (plane wave imaging) or from a selectable non-sequential transducer element order (synthetic aperture imaging) corresponding to the random selection and for receiving an echo of each transmit pulse reflected from the target. Each transmit pulse is independently adjusted to a steering angle (plane wave imaging) or selectable transducer element order (synthetic aperture imaging) corresponding to a unique random selection so that the sequence of transmit pulses is a random sweep. The system can also include a memory for storing echo data, and a processor connected to the memory for using transmit data and echo data to extract a Doppler parameter. Methods of Doppler measurement and computer-readable medium can incorporating the measurement system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a measuring apparatus for testing a device under test. A measuring apparatus applies a first test signal to the device under test and measures at least one frequency response parameter of the device under test for a first plurality of frequency values lying in a first frequency range. The measuring apparatus applies a second test signal to the device under test and measures the at least one frequency response parameter of the device under test for a second plurality of frequency values lying in a second frequency range. The first frequency range at least partially overlaps with the second frequency range and the first plurality of frequency values at least partially differs from the second plurality of frequency values.

Abstract: Aspects of the present invention are generally directed to impedance spectroscopy in an active implantable medical device (AIMD) comprising a component with one or more electrodes. In an embodiment, the AIMD applies a signal at a plurality of frequencies using one or more of the electrodes. Measurements are then obtained for the applied signal to determine impedance(s) at the applied frequencies of the tissue in which the electrodes are located.

Abstract: A remedial signal for potentially harmful radiation that is emitted by a portable electronic battery powered communication device is implemented directly within the handset of the portable communication device the portable communication device is operated by a microprocessor (3) and the remedial signal module is controlled by an algorithm in the microprocessor (3) wherein the algorithm obtains information concerning radio frequency communications associated with the portable telecommunications device from the transceivers (1) of the device.

Abstract: A method, performed at a transmitter, for increasing communication link distance and reliability in a communication channel or dual function radar communication system, is provided. The method includes calculating an information sequence, indices of non-zero elements and corresponding values in the sequence indicating information bits to be transmitted; shaping a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of the information sequence by special frequency-domain spectral shaping (FDSS) in the frequency domain to form a frequency-domain representation of chirp signals; mapping the shaped sequence to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) subcarriers; performing an inverse DFT of the mapped shaped sequence to form chirp signals to be transmitted; and transmitting the chirp signals with a cycle prefix (CP).

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and computer program products using spectrum analysis or cross correlation techniques to discriminate against interference. These approaches are straight forward if both the forward and reflected signals contain complex or quadrature (I and Q) samples. But, if only single axis samples are available as is often the case to reduce the sampling rate, the resulting samples could represent the I component, the Q component or, more likely, some combination of the two. This generally requires some type of time alignment procedure to ensure proper phase. Assuming that the transmitted signal exists in complex form, this signal can be mathematically rotated in phase and then single axis sampled for comparison against the single axis reflected signal. If the rotation is done over equally spaced intervals that spans one complete cycle, the average of the absolute value all such return loss ratios will approach the actual return loss ratio and the interference will be suppressed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for controlling a capacitive anti-trap system of a vehicle. At least two transmission electrodes and one reception electrode of the capacitive anti-trap system are used for detecting an obstacle, and an electrical field is generated by a pair comprising transmission electrode and reception electrode by actuation of the respective transmission electrode by alternating electric current, said electrical field being influenced by an obstacle such that an electrical capacitance is measurably changed. A changing electrical capacitance is determinable on the basis of a signal received via the reception electrode and this signal is evaluated by means of an electronic evaluation unit at least during closing of the vehicle closing element in order to determine the presence of an obstacle in the displacement path of the vehicle closing element.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus is provided that measures a current signal IDUT that flows through a device under test. A transimpedance amplifier converts the current signal IDUT into a voltage signal VOUT. A digitizer converts the voltage signal VOUT into digital data DOUT. A digital signal processing unit performs signal processing on the digital data DOUT, and controls the measurement apparatus. The measurement apparatus has a configuration comprising two separate modules, i.e., a probe module which is located in the vicinity of the device under test during a measurement, and a backend module connected to the probe module via at least one cable. The transimpedance amplifier is built into the probe module. The digitizer and the digital signal processing unit are built into the backend module.

Abstract: A synchrophasor measurement method for a device configured to take synchronized measurements in a power system is provided. The synchrophasor measurement method includes receiving global positioning system (GPS)-synchronized samples of a signal sensed by the device from the power system; determining a level of distortion of the signal; selecting, based on the level of distortion, a computation method, the computation method being one of an improved zero-crossing (IZC) method and an enhanced phase-lock-loop (EPLL) method; performing the selected computation method to determine at least one parameter of the signal at a reporting frequency, which is at least twice a line frequency of the power system; and outputting, at the reporting frequency, the at least one parameter to an operator of the power system to allow the operator to perform at least one of a monitoring and a controlling of at least one element of the power system.

Abstract: A medical image processing apparatus includes a weight applier configured to, when a difference between a first imaginary component of a first frame image and a second imaginary component of a second frame image, the second frame image being adjacent to the first frame image, is less than or equal to a first threshold value, apply a first weight to the second imaginary component to increase the difference; and an image generator configured to generate a movement-amplified image based on the first frame image and the second frame image to which the first weight is applied so that a movement of interest corresponding to the increased difference is amplified.

Abstract: Systems and methods for analyzing performance of a power grid monitor are disclosed herein. In one embodiment, a method includes receiving test data from a test power grid monitor coupled to a power grid signal source and receiving reference data from a reference power grid monitor coupled to the same power grid signal source. The method also includes identifying a power grid condition based on the received test data and/or reference data, extracting a subset of the test data and a subset of the reference data corresponding to the identified power grid condition, and comparing the subset of the test data to the subset of the reference data to determine a measurement accuracy of the test power grid monitor.

Abstract: A time-stamping layer is provided for time-stamping of events detected in an industrial safety system. The technique implemented by the time-stamping layer uses autonomous device counters and simple arithmetic to label detected events (e.g., safety switching events) with accurate time-stamps without the need to synchronize clocks of the individual safety input devices and safety relay on the safety circuit. In some embodiments, the time-stamping technique is implemented in a single-wire safety system architecture that yields reliable safety device monitoring without the need for dual redundant signal channels.

Abstract: In an analog-to-frequency converting circuit, a set of switches receive a first sense signal indicative of a current and provides a second sense signal that alternates between an original version of the first sense signal and a reversed version of the first sense signal, under control of a switching signal. An integral comparing circuit integrates the second sense signal to generate an integral value and generates a train of trigger signals. Each trigger signal is generated when the integral value reaches a preset reference. A compensation circuit compensates for the integral value with a predetermined value in response to each trigger signal. A control circuit generates the switching signal such that a time interval during which the second sense signal is the original version and a time interval during which the second sense signal is the reversed version are substantially the same.

Abstract: System for digital sweep type spectrum analysis with up/down frequency provides measurements of frequency spectrum of complex analog baseband input signal. The signal is quantized into three levels with fs based on the bandwidth of the input signal. Four multiplexers, a first block of registers and a block of adders perform operations equivalent to complex multiplication of the quadrature components. Two complex signals with up and down shifted spectrum are produced by the adders. The quadrature components are inputted to the accumulators with reset, which act as low-pass filters and accumulate several samples at a constant frequency fLO of the local oscillator. Levels of two accumulated complex samples are estimates of input signal spectrum in two frequency points +fLO and ?fLO. A sweep controller changes a frequency of the local oscillator from zero up to fs/2. Estimates of the input signal spectrum are generated sequentially in range ?fs/2 to +fs/2.

Abstract: Provided are a system frequency measurement method, synchrophasor measurement method and device. The synchrophasor measurement method comprises: sampling voltage and current signals based on an absolute time reference; removing out-of-band interference in the sampled voltage and current signals; first-resampling at least one of the voltage and current signals with the out-of-band interference being removed based on an estimated system frequency; calculating phasor for the signals obtained from the first resampling and updating the estimated system frequency; for a reporting timing, second-resampling the voltage and current signals with the out-of-band interference being removed based on the updated estimated system frequency; and calculating synchrophasor of the voltage and current signals obtained from the second resampling.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for characterizing electrical characteristics of a communication channel between a transmitter of a first information handling resource and a receiver of a second information handling resource may include receiving a test signal at the receiver from the transmitter during an in-situ characterization mode of the second information handling resource, converting the test signal into a discrete-time digital signal representing the test signal, generating a discrete-time finite difference function comprising a first derivative of the discrete-time digital signal, transforming the discrete-time finite difference function into a frequency-domain transform of the discrete-time finite difference function.

Abstract: A fully-digital probabilistic measurement methodology in which a periodic signal generated on an IC device is sampled multiple times during a test period, with the asserted/de-asserted state of the periodic signal determined during each sampling event. A statistically significant number of sampling events are executed according to a reference signal frequency that is uncorrelated to the IC's system clock, whereby each successive sampling event involves detecting an essentially random associated phase of the periodic signal such that the probability of detecting an asserted state during any given sampling event is proportional to the duty cycle of the periodic signal. A first count value records the number of sampling events in which the periodic signal is asserted, and a second count value records the total number of sampling events performed, whereby a ratio of these two count values provides a statistical measurement of the periodic signal's duty cycle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for measuring the waveform capture rate of parallel digital storage oscilloscope. On the basis of double pulse measurement, and in consideration of the asymmetry of acquisition and the refreshing time of parallel DSO, the present invention provides a step amplitude-frequency combined pulse measurement to measure the time for waveform acquisition and mapping Tmap, the number of captured waveforms before LCD refreshing Wacq and the dead time caused by LCD refreshing TDDT, and then calculates the measured average WCR of parallel DSO, according to the measured data, so that the WCR of parallel can be measured.

Abstract: A pulse domain 1 to 2N demultiplexer has a (i) pair of N stage counters each of which is responsive to an incoming pulse train in the pulse domain, one of the counters being responsive to leading edges of the pulses in the incoming pulse train and the other one of the counters being responsive to trailing edges of the pulses in the incoming pulse train and (ii) a control logic responsive to the states through which the pair of counters count, the control logic including 2N gate arrangements, each of the 2N gate arrangements generating a output signal of the pulse domain 1 to 2N demultiplexer.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for characterizing electrical characteristics of a communication channel between a transmitter of a first information handling resource and a receiver of a second information handling resource may include receiving a test signal at the receiver from the transmitter during an in-situ characterization mode of the second information handling resource, converting the test signal into a discrete-time digital signal representing the test signal, generating a discrete-time finite difference function comprising a first derivative of the discrete-time digital signal, transforming the discrete-time finite difference function into a frequency-domain transform of the discrete-time finite difference function.

Abstract: An apparatus that can be configured for various functions such as a digital oscilloscope, logic analyzer or frequency analyzer is disclosed. The apparatus includes a symbol generator, a multi-symbol FSM, and a controller. The symbol generator generates an ordered sequence of symbols from an ordered sequence of digital values. The symbol generator generates one symbol corresponding to each of the digital values. The digital values have a greater number of possible values than the symbols. The controller causes the multi-symbol FSM to search for a pattern in the sequence of symbols that identifies a corresponding pattern in the sequence of digital values. A portion of the digital sequence is then displayed based on the location of the pattern in the sequence of symbols.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for evaluating statistical interference concerning a multi-source noise environment of an electromagnetic (EM) zone are disclosed. The apparatus for evaluating statistical interference may include a receiver to receive an EM wave in a preset frequency band, a spectrum analyzer to analyze the received EM wave and to measure interference in the preset frequency band, a frequency selector to select an interest frequency in the frequency band based on a level of the measured interference, an amplitude probability distribution (APD) measurement unit to measure an APD of an interference signal with respect to the interest frequency, and a comparator to compare the measured APD to a preset limit and to draw a probability of the limit or higher of interference occurring.

Abstract: A branch circuit monitoring system (BCMS) for monitoring branch circuit currents in one or more electrical circuit panels is described. The system is comprised of a data center server, one or more panel processors, each with one or more collection devices, and one or more current sensors per collection device. The BCMS is designed to be installed entirely inside the panel without the need for a dedicated enclosure or power supply to facilitate ease of installation and low-cost. The BCMS also allows for future upgradability through standard software updates so that the system can be updated or patched easily. The BCMS data center server collects, aggregates, stores, and serves historical branch circuit current data from the panel processors to networked users via a web server to provide visualization of data such as tables, charts, and gauges.

Abstract: An element measurement circuit is provided, comprising a oscillator for generating a first oscillation clock and second oscillation clock, a frequency divider for dividing the first oscillation clock to generate a third oscillation clock and for dividing the second oscillation clock to generate a fourth oscillation clock, a frequency detector for detecting the third oscillation clock to generate a first count value and for detecting the fourth oscillation clock to generate a second count value, and a controller for generating a first oscillation period according to the first count value, for generating a second oscillation period according to the second count value, and for generating a measurement value according to the first oscillation period and the second oscillation period.

Abstract: A method of measuring the total harmonic distortion in an electrical distribution system. The distribution system is sampled regularly to generate a set of data. The data is filtered using a narrow band filtering algorithm to measure the energy in fundamental and other harmonic frequencies. Due to the filtering, the energy in harmonic frequencies can be measured without interference from broadband noise, which provides an improvement in the measurement of total harmonic distortion at low current or voltage levels. A method is provided to sum the energy in identified frequencies in a multi-pass configuration, such that only a subset of all monitored frequencies are filtered and summed in each pass, with the balance being filtered and measured in subsequent passes. After all subsets are measured, the total harmonic distortion is calculated.

Abstract: A branch circuit monitoring system (BCMS) for monitoring branch circuit currents in one or more electrical circuit panels is described. The system is comprised of a data center server, one or more panel processors, each with one or more collection devices, and one or more current sensors per collection device. The BCMS is designed to be installed entirely inside the panel without the need for a dedicated enclosure or power supply to facilitate ease of installation and low-cost. The BCMS also allows for future upgradability through standard software updates so that the system can be updated or patched easily. The BCMS data center server collects, aggregates, stores, and serves historical branch circuit current data from the panel processors to networked users via a web server to provide visualization of data such as tables, charts, and gauges.

Abstract: A method of digital sampling of a current or group of currents in an electrical system including using in the sampling, sufficient bandwidth to reconstruct the amplitude and phase of a synthesized power frequency and its harmonics and a fundamental carrier frequency of switching electronics and modulation sidebands.

Abstract: A phase current prediction method is disclosed. The phase current prediction method predicts current representative of a PWM period using a motor model which receives current measured through a single current sensor as an input, instead of the measured current, and determines the predicted current to be phase current.

Abstract: A safety switching device, with which a safety-related device, can be set into a safe state. The safety switching device has a microprocessor or microcontroller, which can set an electric drive to be protected into a safe state both if an emergency circuit breaker, protective door switch, and/or two-hand switch is activated and also if there is faulty operation of the safety-related device or electric drive. For this purpose, the microprocessor is implemented such that it can determine from at least one analog signal to be measured whether a predetermined parameter lies outside a predetermined operating range. In addition, the microprocessor can be a component of a safety device which is constructed for multiple-channel control of a safety-related electric drive. In this way, the safety switching device can respond to several safety functions independent of each other in order to set an electric drive into a safe state.

Abstract: An approach is provided for digital triggering a recording of one or more digitized signals on a digital oscilloscope by means of carrying out a level comparison for determining a triggering instant in each case between two successive sample values of a reference signal and a threshold values. According to the approach, at least one additional sample value of the reference signal is determined between two sequential samples of the reference signals by means of interpolation.

Abstract: A self-adjusting hold-off trigger circuit and method detects a threshold crossing between consecutive samples of a digitized input signal as edge events, identifies the crossing as a qualified trigger event if the crossing is in a desired direction based upon trigger criteria, and provides a trigger output when the qualified trigger event occurs greater than an approximate average or peak time after a preceding edge event.

Abstract: A method for determining a time interval between leading edges of two adjacent cyclic input pulses of a series of cyclic input pulses. A sample of the cyclic input pulses is taken at each of a series of sampling times to produce sampling hits, each sampling hit being an indication of a presence of a cyclic input pulse, recording a count number at each of the sampling hits, determining initial sampling hits from the detected sampling hits, determining a minimum sampling interval between initial sampling hits, and determining a count number located at a back end of the minimum sampling interval, count numbers of the minimum sampling interval being used to determine a time interval between lead edges of two adjacent cyclic input pulses.

Abstract: A “no dead time” data acquisition system for a measurement instrument receives a digitized signal representing an electrical signal being monitored and generates from the digitized signal a trigger signal using a fast digital trigger circuit, the trigger signal including all trigger events within the digitized signal. The digitized signal is compressed as desired and delayed by a first-in, first-out (FIFO) buffer for a period of time to assure a predetermined amount of data prior to a first trigger event in the trigger signal. The delayed digitized signal is delivered to a fast rasterizer or drawing engine upon the occurrence of the first trigger event to generate a waveform image. The waveform image is then provided to a display buffer for combination with prior waveforms and/or other graphic inputs from other drawing engines. The contents of the display buffer are provided to a display at a display update rate to show a composite of all waveform images representing the electrical signal.

Abstract: A built-in self-test apparatus for a digital-to-analog converter uses a differentiation unit for differentiating a digital-to-analog (DA) signal to obtain the differences between pulses of the analog signal. Next, the analog signal is converted into a digital signal in the light of a threshold voltage by a Schmitt trigger unit. Then, the duty cycles of the digital signal are calculated by a duty cycle retriever, and transmitted into a signature analyzer to calculate the differential non-linearity for error analysis. For processing a high-speed DA signal, the circuit disposed before the differentiation unit may use a test pattern unit, a sample-and-hold circuit and a logic circuit to lower the speed of the DA signal.

Abstract: Testing a device under test—DUT—includes providing a test signal from the DUT to a test probe, taking from the test signal being present at the test probe analog samples at a first sampling rate, taking from the test signal being present at the test probe digital samples at a second sampling rate, providing a control signal indicative of sampling times of the analog samples, and performing an analysis of the digital samples in conjunction with the control signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for reducing the thermal noise integrated on a storage element are disclosed. One embodiment of the invention is directed to a sampling circuit comprising a sampling capacitor to store a charge, the sampling capacitor being exposed to an ambient temperature. The sampling circuit further comprises circuitry to sample the charge onto the capacitor, wherein thermal noise is also sampled onto the capacitor, and wherein the circuitry is constructed such that the power of the thermal noise sampled onto the capacitor is less than the product of the ambient temperature and Boltzmann's constant divided by a capacitance of the sampling capacitor. Another embodiment of the invention is directed to a method of controlling thermal noise sampled onto a capacitor. The method comprises an act of independently controlling the spectral density of the thermal noise and/or the bandwidth of the thermal noise.

Abstract: Methods and systems of detecting one or more characteristics of a load are disclosed. One or more characteristics of a first signal may be detected at the output of a Radio Frequency (RF) power generator. The first signal may have a fundamental frequency. The one or more characteristics of the first signal may be sampled at a sampling frequency to produce a digital sampled signal. The sampling frequency may be determined based on a function of the fundamental frequency of the first signal. One or more characteristics of a load in communication with the RF power generator may then be determined from the digital sampled signal.

Abstract: In an anomaly detector that detects an abnormal condition of an oscillation signal of a circuit such as a vibratory sensing circuit, the oscillation signal, having AC and DC components, is converted to a pair of first and second signals of either opposite-polarity DC amplitudes or opposite-phase alternating amplitudes. The first and second signals are combined to cancel the AC component of the oscillation signal to detect the DC component. The DC component is then compared with the upper and lower thresholds of a decision range to produce an alarm if the DC component goes outside the decision range. In one embodiment, the first and second signals are produced by detecting positive and negative peak values of the oscillation signal at intervals. In a second embodiment, the first signal is produced by high-pass filtering the oscillation signal as a replica of the AC component and the second signal is the oscillation signal itself.

Abstract: A system and method for providing successive approximation, such as can be used by a successive approximation converter or by a coherent undersampling digitizer. The system comprising a memory having a successive approximation value and a comparison system configured to receive and amplify the difference between a test signal and the successive approximation value and to convert the amplified signal to a digital signal. A multi-bit analog to digital convert can be used to convert the amplified signal to a digital signal.

Abstract: A waveform measuring apparatus can sequentially and continuously read measurement data from an acquisition memory, where the measurement data has been written by multiple acquisitions, after acquisition stops. The waveform measuring apparatus writes measurement data to the acquisition memory based on a trigger signal, and includes a pseudo trigger signal generation unit that continuously reads measurement data that is written in the acquisition memory.

Abstract: A highlight portion is detected to a high accuracy from acoustic signals in say an event, and an index is added to the highlight portion. In an acoustic signal processing apparatus 10, a candidate domain extraction unit 13 retains a domain, a length of which with short-term amplitudes as calculated by an amplitude calculating unit 11 not being less than an amplitude threshold value is not less than a time threshold value, as a candidate domain. A feature extraction unit 14 extracts sound quality featuring quantities, relevant to the sound quality, from the acoustic signals, to quantify the sound quality peculiar to a climax. A candidate domain evaluating unit 15 calculates a score value, indicating the degree of the climax, using featuring quantities relevant to the amplitude or the sound quality for each candidate domain, in order to detect a true highlight domain, based on the so calculated score value.

Abstract: An undersampling system can comprise an IC that has integrated, on the same physically contiguous IC, both an undersampler circuit and a receiver circuit whose input is to be monitored by undersampling. For a current phase of sample clocks relative to an input signal, the input signal is sampled until a sufficient number of samples are collected in a one dimensional histogram associated with the current phase. The phase of the sample clocks, relative to the input signal, can then be shifted. Such phase shift can be accomplished by a phase mixer. The phase shift can be small enough to provide sufficient resolution in a composite sampled image of the input signal. A mean value can be computed for each one dimensional histogram, resulting in a representation of the undersampled signal as a function of time that is suitable for further processing.

Abstract: A mixed signal test system for testing a semiconductor device having both an analog function and a digital function achieves improved resolution and low cost. The test system is formed of a functional test unit for testing a digital function of a device under test (DUT), an analog test unit (ATU) for testing an analog function of the DUT, and a synchronous control unit for synchronizing operations between the functional test unit and the analog test unit. The analog test unit includes a digitizer for converting an analog output of the DUT into a digital signal, and an acquisition memory for storing the digital signal from the digitizer in specified addresses. The wave form of the analog output is repeated by a plurality of cycles and a sampling clock for the digitizer is phase shifted by a predetermined amount for each cycle.

Abstract: A method and system for obtaining motor current measurements from a DC bus current of an inverter that drives a pulse width modulated electric machine is disclosed. The method may include sensing a DC bus current in a sensor located on a bus of an inverter; sampling the DC bus current via an analog to digital converter wherein the sampling is controlled by sampling timing that is based on a pulse width modulation timing of the inverter; and determining three AC phase currents of the motor from the sampled DC bus current.

Abstract: A method for reducing drift in a step stimulus from a sampling system, such as an oscilloscope, is described having an initial step of setting a calibration repetition rate. A step stimulus stabilization calibration is performed to acquire a reference mid-crossing time and the current mid-crossing time. Acquisition cycles of TDR/TDT waveform samples are acquired equal to the repetition rate with the initial strobe delay interval in the sampling system being adjusted by the difference between the reference mid-crossing time and the current mid-crossing time. The step stimulus stabilization calibration is performed again to acquire a new current mid-crossing time and initial strobe delay interval and more acquisition cycles of TDR waveform samples are acquired equal to the repetition rate. The process continues until a stop command is activated for the sampling system.

Abstract: In order to detect high-speed transients in the alternating current of a power distribution system, the rate at which the power on the distribution system is sampled is increased so that even high-speed transients are detected. The sampling rate can be increased in at least two ways. First, where a single analog-to-digital converter samples multiple lines through a multiplexer, the multiplexer is controlled to allow the converter to sample only one line at a much-increased rate. Alternatively, the sampling speed of the analog-to-digital converter (or A/D array) can be controlled and increased as needed.

Abstract: Methods, computer program segment and apparatus for analyzing high voltage circuit breakers are provided. The method includes determining a circuit breaker contact closing time, determining a circuit breaker contact opening time, and determining a circuit breaker pre-insertion resistor resistance value using at least three voltage samples and three current samples to facilitate reducing an induced current measurement error. The computer program segment is embodied on a computer readable media and is programmed to determine a circuit breaker contact closing time, determine a circuit breaker contact opening time, and determine a circuit breaker pre-insertion resistor resistance value using at least three voltage samples and three current samples that facilitate minimizing an induced current measurement error.

Abstract: Sampling is performed. A strobe signal is generated from a first signal. Multiple sampled signals are sampled using the strobe signal. Each of the multiple sampled signals is synchronous with its own clock reference and each of clock references are asynchronous with respect to each other. Analog-to-digital conversion is performed on each sampled value of each of the multiple sampled signals. For each of the clock references that is not synchronous with the first signal, a phase comparison is performed between the clock reference and the first signal to produce a difference value. The difference value indicates a phase difference between the clock reference and the first signal. Analog-to-digital conversion of the difference value is performed at a frequency determined by the strobe signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing ADC circuitry. The method and apparatus detects infrequently occurring errors by providing a series of waveforms to the ADC that have different amplitude, frequency, or voltage offset from one another. The outputs of the ADC for the waveforms are then analyzed for timing related errors.