Abstract: A display device includes a substrate, a common electrode layer on the substrate where the common electrode layer includes a first common pad protruding in a second direction from a first reference side surface extending in a first direction and the second direction intersects the first direction, a driving layer between the substrate and the common electrode layer, a display layer between the driving layer and the common electrode layer, a first conductive via apart from the driving layer and between the substrate and the first common pad, and a driving chip at an opposite side of the first conductive via with reference to the driving layer.

Abstract: A connecting device for inspection includes a probe head configured to hold electric contacts and optical contacts such that tip ends of the respective contacts are exposed on a lower surface of the probe head while proximal ends of the electric contacts are exposed on an upper surface of the probe head and the optical contacts are fixed to the probe head, and a transformer including connecting wires provided therein such that tip ends on one side of the connecting wires electrically connected to the proximal ends of the electric contacts exposed on the upper surface of the probe head are arranged in a lower surface of the transformer while the optical contacts slidably penetrate the transformer. A positional relationship between the tip end of the respective electric contacts and the tip end of the respective optical contacts on the lower surface of the probe head corresponds to a positional relationship between an electrical signal terminal and an optical signal terminal of a semiconductor device.

Abstract: Methods and systems are disclosed for sensing an environment electric field. In one exemplary implementation, a method includes disposing a sensor in the environment, wherein the sensor comprising a crystalline lattice and at least one optically-active defect in the crystalline lattice; pre-exciting the crystalline lattice to prepare at least one defect in a first charge state using a first optical beam at a first optical wavelength; converting at least one defect from the first charge state to a second charge state using a second optical beam at a second optical wavelength; monitoring a characteristics of photoluminescence emitted from the defect during or after the conversion of the at least one defect from the first charge state to the second charge state; and determining a characteristics of the electric field in the environment according to the monitored characteristics of the photoluminescence.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave measurement apparatus includes: a probe light generation unit configured to generate probe light of two wavelengths; and an electro-optic probe configured to receive the probe light generated by the probe light generation unit and a detection target electromagnetic wave, wherein the probe light generation unit performs a fluctuation operation to cause a frequency difference of the probe light to fluctuate, and the content of the fluctuation operation is set so as to conform to specifications regarding frequency fluctuation of the detection target electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: A LIDAR system, LIDAR chip and method of manufacturing a LIDAR chip. The LIDAR system includes a photonic chip configured to transmit a transmitted light beam and to receive a reflected light beam, a scanner for directing the transmitted light beam towards a direction in space and receiving the reflected light beam from the selected direction, and a fiber-based optical coupler. The photonic chip and the scanner are placed on a semiconductor integrated platform (SIP). The fiber-based optical coupler is placed on top of the photonic chip to optically couple to the photonic chip for directing the a transmitted light beam from the photonic chip to the scanner and for directing a reflected light beam from the scanner to the photonic chip.

Abstract: A chip-scale coherent lidar system includes a photonic chip that includes a light source, a transmit beam coupler to provide an output signal, and a receive beam coupler to receive a received signal based on a reflection of the output signal by a target. The system also includes a transmit beam steering device to transmit the output signal out of the system, and a receive beam steering device to obtain the received signal into the system. A transmit beam curved mirror reflects the output signal from the transmit beam coupler to the transmit beam steering device. A receive beam curved mirror reflects the received signal from the receive beam steering device to the receive beam coupler. The transmit beam curved mirror and the receive beam curved mirror are formed in a substrate that is heterogeneously integrated with the photonic chip.

Abstract: A lidar system includes a light source to generate a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal, and a waveguide splitter to split the FMCW signal into an output signal and a local oscillator (LO) signal. A transmit coupler provides the output signal for transmission. A receive lens obtains a received signal resulting from reflection of the output signal by a target. A waveguide coupler combines the received signal and the LO signal into a first combined signal and a second combined signal. A first phase modulator and second phase modulator respectively adjust a phase of the first combined signal and the second combined signal to provide a first phase modulated signal and a second phase modulated signal to a first photodetector and a second photodetector. A processor processes a first electrical signal and a second electrical signal from the first and second photodetectors to obtain information about the target.

Abstract: A chip-scale lidar system includes a first light source to output a first signal, and a second light source to output a second signal. A transmit beam coupler provides an output signal for transmission that includes a portion of the first signal and a portion of the second signal, and receive beam coupler obtains a received signal resulting from reflection of the output signal by a target. The system includes a first and second set of photodetectors to obtain a first and second set of electrical currents from a first and second set of combined signals including a first and second portion of the received signal. A processor obtains Doppler information about the target from the second set of electrical currents and obtains range information about the target from the first set of electrical currents and the second set of electrical currents.

Abstract: A light-trapping geometry enhances the sensitivity of strain, temperature, and/or electromagnetic field measurements using nitrogen vacancies in bulk diamond, which have exterior dimensions on the order of millimeters. In an example light-trapping geometry, a laser beam enters the bulk diamond, which may be at room temperature, through a facet or notch. The beam propagates along a path inside the bulk diamond that includes many total internal reflections off the diamond's surfaces. The NVs inside the bulk diamonds absorb the beam as it propagates. Photodetectors measure the transmitted beam or fluorescence emitted by the NVs. The resulting transmission or emission spectrum represents the NVs' quantum mechanical states, which in turn vary with temperature, magnetic field strength, electric field strength, strain/pressure, etc.

Abstract: An unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) aerial traffic monitoring system is provided and includes one or more UAVs comprising a transponder and at least one of a transmitter, a localization module and/or a communication module, radar systems covering and locating objects from 0° to 360° in azimuth and within a range of from ?45° to 45° in elevations below and above the horizon, a cloud software stored in a non-transitory memory and configured to be executed by a processor, that stores records of operating UAVs so as to allow online and real time situational awareness of UAV aerial traffic, aerial traffic load, and aerial collision predictions.

Abstract: A transportation stage for transporting a photomask is provided. The transportation stage includes a vacuum source and a supporting plate. The supporting plate has a number of passages connected to the vacuum source. The transportation stage further includes a membrane positioned on the supporting plate. A number of through holes are formed on a middle region of the membrane and communicating with the passages. The transportation stage also includes an acoustic wave transducer positioned on the membrane and is configured generate an acoustic wave along the membrane.

Abstract: A coherent frequency modulated receiver for receiving and detecting arriving optical signals which comprises an electrically controllable optical beam scanner receiving optical input beams arriving at different angles in a field of view of the electrically controllable optical beam scanner, the electrically controllable optical beam scanner conveying a scanned optical input beam as its output optical beam; a grating coupler responsive to the output or reflected optical beam of the electrically controllable optical beams scanner, the grating coupler having a waveguided output; an optical local oscillator laser having a waveguided output; an FMCW signal generator; an optical modulator responsive to the optical waveguided outputs of the optical local oscillator laser and also to an electrical FMCW signal from the FMCW signal generator; a pair of second order non-linear optical elements for frequency upconverting respective outputs of the optical modulator and the grating coupler; and at least one photodiode opti

Abstract: An electromagnetic field measuring apparatus capable of measuring an electromagnetic field for a minuscule area in which electronic devices are densely packed with a high sensitivity is provided. In an electromagnetic field measuring apparatus according to the present invention, the amplitude level of signal light (pf) is adjusted by the analyzer (34) by adjusting its angle with respect to the plane of polarization of the signal light (pf) based on an amplitude level control signal (eb) supplied from the calculation control unit (40). An amplitude level control signal (eb) is supplied from the calculation control unit (40) to the analyzer (34) based on the spectrum (ea) of an electric signal (ed) measured by an RF spectrum analyzer (39). The amplitude level ration between the carrier and the sideband contained in the signal light (ph) incident on the optical receiver (38) is controlled to a fixed value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for data transport, comprising encoding one or more streams of input data with one or more low density parity check (LDPC) encoders, corresponding to one or more polarization/spatial mode branches. One or more encoded data streams are mapped to symbols, wherein the mapper is configured to assign bits of the symbols to a signal constellation and to associate the bits of the symbols with signal constellation points. A signal constellation is formulated which minimizes a mean-square error of the signal constellation representing the source. The optimum signal constellation size is adjusted to improve transmission quality by adjusting the signal constellation an optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR), wherein the signal constellation is selected using a look-up table (LUT); and the symbols are modulated in accordance with the output of the mapper onto a transmission medium.

Abstract: A sub-assembly useful in an electro-optic display includes a conductive layer and a layer of electro-optic medium. The conductive layer has a main section covered by the electro-optic medium, an exposed section free from the electro-optic medium, and a weak section connecting the main section and the exposed section, so that the exposed section can be manipulated to rupture the weak section, thus separating the exposed section from the main section without substantial damage.

Abstract: Detecting a pulse of a signal includes receiving the signal and a light beam. The signal drives a spatial light modulator to modulate the light beam, where the complex amplitude of the modulated light beam is proportional to the signal current. The modulated light beam passes through an optical system and is detected by an optical detector array. A processor identifies a portion of the signal comprising the pulse.

Abstract: A light modulator incorporates a polarization sensitive prism and a novel MEMS ribbon device to impart a relative phase shift to polarization components of an incident light beam. A linear array of phase shifting elements in the MEMS device creates a linear image which is scanned to form a two dimensional scene. Alternatively the deflection of each cantilever in a linear array of atomic force microscope cantilevers may be measured simultaneously.

Abstract: An optical/analog/digital pulse detector receives an input signal and drives a Bragg cell illuminated by a collimated light beam. The Bragg cell spatially modulates the collimated light beam and upon exiting the Bragg cell is imaged by lenses of an optics network to the plane of an opaque plate. A binary optical plate replicates the image of the Bragg cell on the opaque plate. The opaque plate contains slits of various lengths located where the images of the Bragg cell are replicated. To obtain the power spectrum of each of the images on the opaque plate an anamorphic lens is positioned in the path of light passing through the opaque plate. Light passing through the anamorphic lens is sensed by a detector array having outputs coupled to a focal plane processor that processes the analog outputs from the detector array into initial tuning commands for detection and characterization of pulses in the input signal.

Abstract: An optical current transducer configured to sense current in the conductor is disclosed. The optical current transducer includes a light source and a polarizer that generates linearly polarized light received from a the light source. The light is communicated to a magneto-optic garnet that includes, among other elements, bismuth, iron and oxygen and is coupled to the conductor. The magneto-optic garnet is configured to rotate the polarization of the linearly polarized light received from the polarizer. The optical current transducer also includes an analyzer in optical communication with the magneto-optic garnet. The analyzer detects the rotation of the linearly polarized light caused by the magneto-optic garnet.

Abstract: A combined impedance and fluorescence particle detection system including an optically transmissive plate having an orifice for the flow of particles therethrough, a light source which operably directs light on a particle at the orifice, and a light detector positioned so as to detect light which is emitted by the particle, and wherein the plate acts as a waveguide to direct light along part of its path between the light source and light detector.

Abstract: The CPU outputs to the delay circuit 22 delay time setting signals for setting the delay time, based on input delay time data input from an external input device. The delay circuit 22 re-sets the delay time via new delay setting signals input from the CPU 24 and delays the trigger signals input from the trigger circuit 21 based on the specified delay time and outputs the resulting signals to the clock generator 23. The clock generator 23 outputs new sample start signals to the A/D sampler 3 at the input timing of the delayed trigger signals input from the delay circuit 22, thus changing the sampling start timing of interference signals in the A/D sampler.

Abstract: According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, an electrical circuit includes a device which has a high side current node. The electrical circuit also includes a current mirror circuit, which senses a current into said high-side node, and which includes at least one monolithic device.

Abstract: Disclosed is a bit rate discrimination device that accurately discriminates a bit rate regardless of variations in the operating temperature. A photoelectric converter converts an input optical signal into an electric signal, and a bit rate detector detects a bit rate of the optical signal from the electric signal and outputs a discrimination signal indicating the bit rate. A DC amplifier outputs a bit rate detection signal by amplifying the discrimination signal, and a temperature detector detects the operating temperature of the DC amplifier and outputs a temperature signal indicating the detected operating temperature. A variation amplifier outputs a temperature compensation signal by amplifying the voltage level difference between the temperature signal and a predetermined reference signal, so as to cancel variations in an output voltage of the DC amplifier according to the operating temperature.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus for providing concurrent electrical frequency measurements of multiple, time-coincident signal inputs. In one embodiment of the present invention, an input signal is received that contains a plurality of individual signals independent of each other in frequency, phase, and electrical amplitude. A power splitter splits the input signal into two separate input signals. A delay line introduces a time delay to one of the two separate input signals. Two Bragg cells within a channelized optical phase measurement (COPM) device modulates two optical carrier signals with the delayed and non-delayed input signals, respectively, separating the modulated delayed and non-delayed input signals into multiple time-concurrent frequency channel signals. Upon exiting the Bragg cells, the two optical beams interfere spatially to develop an interference pattern along the phase and frequency channel number axes of a photodetector array.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus for providing electrical frequency measurements of input signals. In one embodiment, a power splitter divides an RF input signal into first and second input signals. An RF channelizer having a filter bank receives the first input signal and determines a coarse frequency measurement. An optical modulator modulates an optical carrier signal with the second input signal, and a beam splitter divides the modulated carrier signal into a plurality of optical signals that each feed into one of a plurality of optical frequency discriminators (“OFD”). Each OFD uses a fiber optic delay line and spatial domain sampling techniques to extract a phase measurement. An ambiguity resolver receives the phase measurement from each OFD and determines a single, absolute phase measurement, which is translated to a fine frequency measurement. A frequency encoder combines the coarse and fine frequency measurements to produce a final frequency measurement having increased resolution.

Abstract: A signal processing apparatus for providing concurrent electrical frequency measurements of multiple, time-coincident signal inputs. In one embodiment of the present invention, an input signal is received that contains a plurality of individual signals independent of each other in frequency, phase, and electrical amplitude. A power splitter splits the input signal into two separate input signals. A delay line introduces a time delay to one of the two separate input signals. Two Bragg cells within a channelized optical phase measurement (COPM) device modulates two optical carrier signals with the delayed and non-delayed input signals, respectively, separating the modulated delayed and non-delayed input signals into multiple time-concurrent frequency channel signals. Upon exiting the Bragg cells, the two optical beams interfere spatially to develop an interference pattern along the phase and frequency channel number axes of a photodetector array.

Abstract: In a light receiving circuit for use in electro-optic sampling oscilloscope which receives first and second optical, photodiodes 51 and 52 are connected in series between a positive bias power supply 50P and a negative bias power supply 50N. The photodiodes 51 and 52 receive optical signals whose polarization state correspond to the voltage of a signal to be measured and convert the thus-received optical signals into electric signals. An amplifier 53 amplifies an electric current appearing in a point of connection P between the photodiodes 51 and 52. A current monitor 54 detects the electric signal converted by the photodiode 51, and a current monitor 57 detects the electric signal converted by the photodiode 52. The electric signal detected by the current monitor 54 is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by an analog-to-digital converter 55, and the electric signal detected by the current monitor 57 is subjected to analog-to-digital conversion by an analog-to-digital converter 58.

Abstract: A method for determining a resonant frequency of a mechanical device having a first mass and at least one second mass mechanically coupled to the first mass comprises the steps of: providing a control signal to a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) to control the frequency of an output thereof; translating a phase shifted output of the VCO into an oscillatory force which is applied to one of the first and second masses to cause the mechanical device to respond; measuring the response of the mechanical device and generating a response signal representative thereof in frequency and amplitude; generating an error signal proportional to the phase difference between a signal representative of the output of the VCO and the measured response signal; adjusting the control signal to cause the oscillatory force applied to the one mass to sweep within a calculated frequency range rendering the amplitude of the response signal to approach and exceed a calculated threshold value; and when the calculated threshold is excee

Abstract: A sampling device that samples a first signal by modulating a second signal using the first signal, comprising: a holding circuit that holds a value of the first signal; a modulator that modulates the second signal using a difference between the value held by the holding circuit and a present value of the first signal to produce a third signal indicating the difference; and an adder that adds the difference indicated by the third signal to the value held by the holding circuit. Preferably, the first signal is an electric signal, the second signal is an optical signal, and the modulator modulates the optical signal by applying to the optical signal an electric field formed by the electric signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-optic sampling oscilloscope. This electro-optic sampling oscilloscope carries out measurement of measured signal by using an optical pulse generated based on a timing signal generated from a timing generation circuit synchronous with a trigger signal, providing: a timing generation circuit comprising a fast ramp circuit that outputs a ramp waveform using said trigger signal as a trigger, a slow ramp circuit that increases stepwise and sequentially the output value according to said timing signal; a comparator circuit that compares the output of said fast ramp circuit and the output of said slow ramp circuit and outputs the results of this comparison; and a gate circuit that limits the output of said comparator circuit by closing a gate only when the output of said comparator circuit is unstable based on the input trigger signal and timing signal.