Abstract: An information representation method, a multi-value calculation circuit and an electronic system are provided. The information representation method includes: acquiring a switching rate of a signal; and adopting the switching rate of the signal to represent information.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a relation between a winding state and a leakage reactance parameter of a transformer by using simulation software is provided. The method includes: establishing a simulation transformer based on a size of a physical transformer; setting parameters of the simulation transformer, setting a winding of the simulation transformer in a predetermined winding state; obtaining a predetermined number of values of a leakage reactance parameter of the simulation transformer in the winding state; and performing statistics on all the values to obtain a value range of the leakage reactance parameter in a case that the winding is in the winding state. The value range is used as a value range of a leakage reactance parameter of the physical transformer in a case that a winding of the physical transformer is in the winding state.

Abstract: A crowbar circuit includes a first inductor coupled to a positive terminal of a power supply at a first terminal, and at a second terminal coupled in series with a main thyristor having a main gate drive for limiting a discharge current through main thyristor; a resistor coupled to the main thyristor at a first terminal and to the negative terminal at a second terminal; an auxiliary thyristor having an auxiliary gate drive coupled in series with a first capacitor at a first terminal and an auxiliary inductor at a second terminal, the auxiliary inductor coupled between the first terminal of the resistor and the first capacitor; a first diode couple between the first terminal of the resistor and the first terminal of the auxiliary thyristor; and a second diode coupled between the positive terminal and the negative terminal.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gate-driving apparatus configured for stably providing a voltage having a negative value to a gate of a switch, including a SiC (silicon carbide)-based FET (Field Effect Transistor), which requires a negative voltage having a negative value to implement a stable OFF state. The gate-driving apparatus includes a negative-voltage application circuit including a Zener diode and a capacitor connected in parallel to the Zener diode, wherein the Zener diode may have a cathode connected to a secondary coil of a pulse transformer and an anode connected to the gate of the switch.

Abstract: A dual feedback low noise amplifier includes a negative-feedback capacitive mutual-coupled common-gate amplifier of parallel-input parallel-output (PIPO) composed of a first transistor, a second transistor, a first coupling capacitor and a second coupling capacitor and a positive-feedback common-gate amplifier of parallel-input parallel-output (PIPO) composed of the first transistor, the second transistor, a first transformer and a second transformer. By means of dual feedback, the transconductance gain of the dual feedback low noise amplifier is increased, and the noise figure of the dual feedback low noise amplifier is decreased.

Abstract: In addition to other aspects disclosed, a method comprises providing a signal to a transformer for supplying power during a reduced activity state. The signal comprises a series of pulses that comprises a positive pulse and a negative pulse. The signal is a segmented version of another signal provided to the transformer during the active state.

Abstract: An emitter-coupled multivibrator circuit comprises two transistors (Q1, Q2), between which a positive feedback is provided by connecting each transistor base via buffer transistors (Q3, Q4) to the collector of the other transistor. In the multivibrator, the transistors (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) are connected to operating voltages via coils (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6) instead of using conventional resistors and current sources. This lowers the necessary operating voltage, since no DC voltage loss is provided across the coils. Additionally, this improvement increases amplification during the avalanche process and thus the speed of the whole circuit. Further at high frequencies, the waveform of a signal is closer to a sinusoidal form. The speed of the circuit can be increased further by providing an electromagnetic coupling between the coils (L1, L2, L3, L4, L5, L6).

Abstract: A power distribution network including a voltage support transformer is disclosed which uses the fault current from a line of the power distribution network in which a fault condition exists to support or stabilize the voltage across one or more other lines of the network connected to the same bus and seeing the same source impedance, to maintain the voltage in those lines substantially at the pre-fault levels. The voltage support or stabilization in the unfaulted line is based upon a current change due to the impedance change in the faulted line caused by the fault.

Abstract: To a current mirror circuit or a voltage regulator are coupled a primary winding of a transformer (T.sub.3 or T.sub.4) or a choke coil (L.sub.2 or L.sub.3). Transistors (Q.sub.1 or Q.sub.2) making up a current mirror circuit or the voltage regulator are alternatingly bypassed by a bypass circuit constituted of a capacitor (C.sub.2) and other elements. A DC magnetization which may be otherwise caused in a core or a yoke of the transformer (T.sub.3) or the choke coil (L.sub.2) is canceled by allowing direct currents to flow in opposite directions to each other through the primary winding of the transformer (T.sub.4) or through the choke coil (L.sub.2). Alternatively, the DC magnetization which may be otherwise caused in the core or the yoke of the transformer (T.sub.4) or the choke coil (L.sub.3) is significantly suppressed by restricting the direct currents flowing through the primary winding of the transformer (T.sub.4) or the choke coil (L.sub.3).

Abstract: A device for generating a control signal voltage which is dependent on a resistance value of a variable resistor (8) includes a transformer (24) having a first winding (22) which is in series with the variable resistor and a rectifier diode (20). A current generator (32) coupled to a power source is coupled to a second winding (26) of the transformer and supplies it with a periodically interrupted current (I.sub.2). Upon each such interruption an exponentially decreasing current will flow through the first winding and also through the variable resistor (8). The peak value of the voltage drop produced by such current across that resistor is proportional to the resistance value thereof. It is also produced across the first winding (22) and is detected by the peak detector (62). That constitutes the control voltage (U.sub.c). Since the variable resistor is fully electrically isolated from the power source, it can be safely touched without shock hazard.

Abstract: A highly stable linear integrated circuit amplifier (11) is incorporated in a circuit (10) employing transformer (18) feedback providing thermal gain stability determined solely by the transformer turns ratio.

Abstract: An impedance-steerable circuit for an industrial phase controller inserts precise steerable trigger pulses in the sine and cosine excursions of a sine wave of high-energy capacitive and related discharge systems. Multiple pulses and Barkhausen effects are eliminated. The controller can lock capacitive discharge systems into precise phase or, in extended embodiments, serve as a power controller for radar systems, laser systems, and beam weapons. Thyristors and thyratrons provide steered elements (pulses) activated in a pulse-feedback mode.

Abstract: A drive circuit for use in UPS and like devices, designed to derive high-level switching signals from low-level logic signals. The drive circuit has an input circuit which drives the primary of an air-core transformer, the input drive circuit having an oscillator with a resonant circuit producing a carrier at a carrier frequency, the resonant circuit including the primary of the transformer and a coupling circuit for coupling the logic signals to the oscillator so as to modulate the carrier signal. The use of the resonant circuit enables generation of sufficient magnetization current for the low-cost transformer while reducing the current drive required of the input drive circuit, thereby enabling a reduced cost gate drive circuit.

Abstract: A Q-switching drive circuit utilizing a magnetization curve characteristic of a saturation reactor, thereby capable of achieving a semipermanent use life, a rapid switching into a Q-switching opening phase voltage, a maintenance of the Q-switching opening phase voltage for a period of several hundreds nanoseconds. The Q-switching drive circuit can operate at a high repeat rate. An initial closing phase-delayed voltage is maintained in the Q-switching drive circuit so that a prelasing phenomenon is prevented from occurring upon oscillating the laser. The Q-switching drive circuit utilizes a magnetization curve characteristic of the saturation reactor so that a characteristic of a rapid return of the phase voltage from the opening state to the closing state can be obtained.

Abstract: A circuit includes a high voltage energy source, a power transistor having a drain connected to the energy source and a source connected to a load, and a first capacitor connected between the power transistor gate and source. Also included is a first P-channel transistor connected in parallel with the first capacitor, and a second capacitor connected between the first P-channel transistor gate and drain. A transformer delivers positive voltage to the first capacitor to bias the power transistor ON, and delivers negative voltage to the second capacitor to bias the first P-channel transistor ON, which causes the energy stored in the first capacitor to discharge; thereby biasing the power transistor OFF.

Abstract: A signal isolation apparatus has a first transformer with a primary winding tap receiving an input signal and another primary winding tap receiving a first oscillating signal. A second transformer has a primary winding tap receiving the input signal and another primary winding tap receiving a second oscillating signal. The second oscillating signal is out of phase (typically 180 degrees out of phase) with the first oscillating signal. A rectifier electrically connected between a first secondary winding tap of the first transformer and a first secondary winding tap of the second transformer has a high output terminal and a low output terminal, the low output terminal being referenced to a second secondary winding of the first and second transformers. A signal across the high and low output terminals is an output signal galvanically isolated from the input signal with the same electrical characteristics as the input signal.

Abstract: A circuit for applying a direct current to a winding. One end of a primary winding of a transformer is connected to a first transistor via a resistor. The other end of the primary winding is connected to a second transistor. The first and second transistors constitute a current mirror circuit. By by-passing through a capacitor, no alternating current flows in the first transistor. The primary winding of the transformer includes a center tap and an AC/DC superimposed signal is input to the primary winding via the center tap. In the primary winding, DC components flow so as to mutually negate DC-magnetization. As a result, there is no need to provide a gap in a magnetization circuit and the construction of the whole circuit including the transformer can be miniaturized with improved characteristics.