Abstract: The present disclosure relates an interface unit having an input for receiving an input voltage from an electrochemical measuring probe; a first transistor; a first operational amplifier; a second transistor; and a second operational amplifier. The first operational amplifier is arranged to provide a variable tension to a first source terminal of the first transistor, in accordance with a comparison between a reference voltage and a second resistor voltage, in order to control an operating point of the first transistor.

Abstract: A circuit arrangement comprises: a primary coil and a secondary coil, which are inductively coupled, but galvanically isolated from one another; a first voltage divider which is connected between a first terminal and a second terminal of the secondary coil and which has a center tap connected to a ground node; a second voltage divider, which is connected between the first terminal and the second terminal of the secondary coil; and an active circuit, which is connected to the first terminal and the second terminal of the secondary coil, a center tap of the second voltage divider and to the ground node. The active circuit is configured to provide a current path between the first terminal of the secondary coil and the ground node and between the second terminal of the secondary coil and the ground node depending on a voltage at the center tap of the second voltage divider.

Abstract: A renewable-energy power plant including a first structure, a second structure, a first flue, a second flue and a turbine arrangement comprising at least one turbine, wherein the first structure includes a primary fluid inlet and the second structure includes a secondary fluid inlet and a primary fluid outlet, wherein the secondary fluid inlet is connected to the first flue, wherein the primary fluid inlet is located lower than the secondary fluid inlet and the primary fluid outlet is located lower than the secondary fluid inlet, wherein the turbine arrangement is provided inside the second flue, wherein the power plant includes wetting means arranged to discharge an additive fluid to the working fluid passing through the secondary fluid inlet, wherein the turbine arrangement is arranged to generate power due to the working fluid flowing in a downwards direction inside the second flue and passing through the turbine arrangement.

Abstract: Within a predetermined time range, record time information of status indication signals fed back by thyristor control units (TCU) of a converter valve. Perform statistics and comparison of the pieces of time information using a bias statistics method. Mark a thyristor level whose bias exceeds a preset value. And determine a probability of failure in the thyristor according to the marking result.

Abstract: A method and system for generating electrical energy from wind are described. In an example, a method includes capturing wind in an intake on an exterior surface of a structure. The method also includes directing, via a duct, the wind from the intake to a centrifugal fan and, while directing the wind from the intake to the centrifugal fan, compressing and accelerating the wind in the duct. The method further includes receiving, in the centrifugal fan, the wind from the duct and rotating, via the received wind, a fan blade assembly in the centrifugal fan. The method still further includes generating electrical energy, via a generator, based on the rotation of the fan blade assembly.

Abstract: A current sensing circuit includes a current sense amplifier and a correction circuit. The current sense amplifier has an offset voltage. The correction circuit is configured to evaluate the offset voltage of the current sense amplifier. The correction circuit is further configured to issue a correction signal to the current sense amplifier based upon the evaluated offset voltage. The correction signal is to adjust the offset voltage.

Abstract: The present invention distinguishes between short-circuit current and inrush current and only enables a protection function for short-circuit current. A storage battery monitoring device is provided with a current detection means for detecting charge/discharge current from a storage battery, a differentiating circuit for determining the current variation rate of the charge/discharge current, and a comparison means for outputting a signal according to whether the current variation rate of the charge/discharge current is larger than a preset threshold voltage. The threshold voltage is set to a value larger than the current variation rate for inrush current and smaller than that for short-circuit current.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an ECG waveform detecting apparatus includes an input circuit and processing circuitry. The input circuit receives an ECG signal. The processing circuitry performs first detection of a specific waveform included in the ECG signal, performs update processing of a detection parameter for detecting the specific waveform based on a part of the specific waveform or result of the first detection, performs second detection of the specific waveform from the ECG signal by using the detection parameter after the update processing, and generates a synchronization signal based on information on the second detection.

Abstract: A phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit, sense amplifier circuit, and method of operating a sense amplifier circuit are disclosed. The sense amplifier circuit comprises first and second operational amplifiers, each operational amplifier respectively comprising a non-inverting input terminal, an inverting input terminal, and an output stage comprising a current gating circuit having two current gating input terminals, the output stage coupled with an output terminal, the output terminal providing a feedback signal to the inverting input terminal. The input voltage signal is received across the non-inverting input terminals of the first and second operational amplifiers, and is received across the two current gating input terminals of each of the first and second operational amplifiers, wherein the sense amplifier circuit generates a sense voltage signal across the output terminals of the first and second operational amplifiers.

Abstract: Disclosed is an automated method and apparatus for automatically setting a drop delay period by detecting calibration particles in a waste stream. The drop delay is incremented over a series of drop delays and the number of calibration particles in the waste stream is detected for each drop delay. The drop delay is selected which has the least number of calibration particles in the waste stream.

Abstract: A dual inlet flow wind power generating system is disclosed having two inflow chambers directing air flow into a common turbine. In one embodiment, a second phase of air flow directly impinges on the air blades of the turbine to provide multi-phased air flow with enhanced power generation. Two inflow chambers may be configured on either side of the common impingement chamber and the system may be configured around a vertical axis. Additionally, air deflectors in one or more chambers may direct flow into a flow tube and may be configured as a positive flow vortex inducer. A negative flow vortex inducer is also described, whereby air is directed by air deflectors to reduce the pressure at the outlet end of a flow tube. In another embodiment, a dual outlet flow system is described having a single inflow chamber and two impingement chambers for second phase air flow.

Abstract: An electric power tool according to the present invention is provided with a tool main body, an induction motor, a power supply unit, and an inverter. The power supply unit and the inverter are integrally incorporated in the tool main body together with the induction motor.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a mobile terminal, which comprises a charging port, a power management unit (PMU), a battery, and a charging surge protection circuit disposed between the charging port and the PMU. The charging surge protection circuit comprises a low-pass filtering circuit, a switch control circuit, a diode and a first resistor. The low-pass filtering circuit has an input terminal connected to an output terminal of the charging port, and an output terminal connected to a first input terminal of the PMU. The switch control circuit has a first input terminal connected to the low-pass filtering circuit, a second input terminal connected to an output terminal of the PMU, and an output terminal connected to the first resistor via the diode. The first resistor is connected to an anode of the battery, and a cathode of the battery is grounded.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an Apparatus comprising at least one resistive voltage divider and at least two inverters, wherein the resistive voltage divider is coupled between a first supply potential terminal (VDD) and a second supply potential terminal (VSS), wherein the voltage divider comprises a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor and a fourth resistor being serially connected, and wherein a first connection point of the second resistor and the third resistor is connected to an voltage input, and a second connection point of the first resistor and the second resistor is connected to the input side of a first inverter, and a third connection point of the third resistor and the fourth resistor is connected to the input side of a second inverter, wherein the first inverter and the second inverter are configured to provide a first output voltage if a first voltage is applied to the voltage input, and the first inverter and the second inverter are configured to provide a second output vo

Abstract: A counter counts the run lengths of a binarized signal. A counting result correcting portion generates frequency distributions for run lengths for first run lengths, which are from a rising edge to a falling edge of the signal, and second run lengths, which are for a falling edge to a rising edge of the signal, calculates a total number of first run lengths of lengths that are no less than 0 times and less than 1 times a representative value for the first run lengths, calculates a total number of second run lengths of lengths that are no less than 0 times and less than 1 times a representative value for the second run lengths, calculates a total number of first run lengths, calculates a total number of second run lengths, and corrects the counting results.

Abstract: A nonlinear filter includes: a determination unit that determines, based on I and Q signals inputted into the determination unit, whether or not to perform pulse insertion; a rotation detector that detects a rotation direction of the I and Q signals on an IQ plane with respect to the origin of the IQ plane; a pulse generator that generates, when the determination unit determines to perform the pulse insertion, a pulse of which at least one of the direction and the magnitude is determined in accordance with at least the detected rotation direction; and an adder that inserts the pulse into the I and Q signals and outputs resultant I and Q signals.

Abstract: In an embodiment, set forth by way of example and not limitation, a data slicer includes a signal input node, a comparator having a first input of a first polarity, a second input of a second polarity which is the opposite of the first polarity, and an output coupled to a data out node, the first input of the comparator being coupled to the signal input node, and a multi-mode threshold generator including a first threshold generator and second threshold generator, whereby the first threshold generator is selected firstly and the second threshold generator is selected secondly.

Abstract: A sign detection device including a first comparing device for comparing a first input signal with a first threshold signal in a first period and a second period to generate a first output signal; a second comparing device for comparing a second input signal with a second threshold signal to generate a second output signal; a converter for optionally changing the polarity of the second output signal to obtain a third output signal; and an operator coupled to the first comparing device and the converter for performing a logic operation of the first output signal and the third output signal to obtain polarity information of the product of the first input signal and the second input signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process, voltage and temperature compensated polarity conversion circuit comprising an input signal generator comprising an input signal having a first polarity, a variable frequency generator, a plurality of high voltage differential switches coupled to the variable frequency generator and a controllable threshold transmission gate circuit coupled to the input signal generator, coupled to the variable frequency generator and coupled to the plurality of high voltage differential switches. A method of polarity conversion and other embodiments are also disclosed.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a circuit is adapted to convert a first voltage signal from a bidirectional signal line to a first current signal, the first voltage signal to represent first data transmitted from a first transmitter and second data transmitted from a second transmitter. The circuit may be further operable to convert a second voltage signal to a second current signal, the second voltage signal, substantially to represent the first data, and to generate a first output signal to represent the second data based on the second current signal and the first current signal. Such a circuit might be an element of a simultaneous bidirectional signaling transceiver.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for data sensing circuitry that uses averaging to sense small differences in signal levels representing data states. The apparatus periodically switches the coupling of input terminals and output terminals of an integrator circuit from a first configuration to a second configuration, where the second configuration changes the polarity of the integrator circuit from the first configuration. The output signals of the integrator circuit are periodically compared, and based on the comparison, output signals having a voltage representative of a value are generated. The values of the output signals are then averaged over time to determine the data state.

Abstract: In a polarity detector circuit for detecting the polarity of monitor sync signals, a clock generator and counter circuit are provided to count clock cycles during the positive and negative portions of the signal. Comparators are used to compare the counter values to predetermined values to determine when one or both of the counters has reached a predefined value. With the proper choice of sampling clock, this digital implementation can be easily optimized for small size and simplicity.

Abstract: Systems and methods for testing data lines to determine signal degradation in the data lines. A system includes a signal generator for generating a test pattern and for transferring the test pattern through the data lines. The system also includes an analyzer communicatively connected to the data lines to determine degradation of the test pattern in the data lines. The signal generator generates and transfers a first test pattern through the data lines. The first test pattern includes a first portion having a first polarity and a second portion having a second polarity. The signal generator then generates and transfers a second test pattern through the data lines in response to transferring the first test pattern. The test patterns may be repeated one or more times to determine cross talk caused by inductive coupling between data lines and additive reflections.

Abstract: A method for charge sharing among data conductors of a bus. The bus has a first data conductor and a corresponding data conductor. The method includes detecting the logic levels on the first data conductor and the corresponding data conductor, and generating a charge sharing signal for sharing charge between the first data conductor and the corresponding data conductor.

Abstract: A method for charge sharing among data conductors of a bus. The bus has a first data conductor and a corresponding data conductor. The method includes detecting the logic levels on the first data conductor and the corresponding data conductor, and generating a charge sharing signal for sharing charge between the first data conductor and the corresponding data conductor.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide the telemetering apparatus, which telemeters electric power, gas, and waterworks, for telemetering via a telephone network with an exchange, wherein the telemetering apparatus responds to the normal polarity inversion, the slow polarity inversion, and calling bell signal applied to the communication line therebetween upon starting or releasing of use of the communication line. To attain the above object, the telemetering appears according to the present invention comprises detection means for detecting a rising edge or falling edge of those polarity inversions and signal characterized thereby with reference to the respective predetermined voltage and the respective predetermined period, thus distinguishing one of these polarity inversions and signal from the others.

Abstract: A plurality of air conditioning system control units are connected to each other through a communication line (20). Discharge resistors (R1, R2) are provided for discharging residual charges of the communication line (20). The control unit has a power superposition circuit (50) for applying a direct-current voltage and outputs an identification number signal from the power superposition circuit (50) to the communication line (20). The control unit further has a polarity select circuit (60) having a negative-polarity resistance characteristic that current increasingly flows as an applied voltage is lowered, and a voltage discriminating circuit (70) for detecting the terminal voltage of the polarity select circuit (60). When detecting the voltage of the communication line (20), the control unit determines whether its own control unit is a master unit or a slave unit according to output signals from the voltage discriminating circuit (70) and a polarity discriminating circuit (3C).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a circuit for processing vertical synchronization logic signals of positive or negative polarity. Based on signals locating, on the one hand, the presence of the beginning of a pulse and, on the other hand, the rising and falling edges in the synchronization signals, a brief pulse is provided in a signal generated by a one-shot. This pulse induces the generation of edges in signals controlling a latch which generates a logic detection signal. According to the polarity of the received signals, the latch is set or reset and the state of the detection signal indicates the polarity of the synchronization signals.

Abstract: A polarity detector 100 wherein bistables 105 and 107 selectively sample the sequence of pulses and store samples. The samples and the output signal 125, stored by the bistable 109, are compared by the logic circuit 108. When the stored samples have identical polarity and the polarity of the output signal 125 is not identical to the polarity of the samples, then the polarity of the output signal 125 is changed to the polarity of the samples. However, when the polarity of the samples and that of the output signal 125 are not identical, then the polarity of the output signal 125 remains unchanged. In addition, when the polarity of the stored samples are not identical, the polarity of the output signal 125 remains unchanged. Hence, the polarity of the output signal 125 indicates the polarity of the sequence of pulses 120.

Abstract: For appropriately polarity recognition and corresponding switchover of a output stage of a proximity switch or the like connected to a supply voltage (VB), even while continuously activated, when a change in load polarity occurs, the proximity switch having in each case a high side driver and a low side driver, it is proposed to define on the output-side voltage axis between the positive supply voltage (+VB) and the negative pole or ground an upper and a lower detection window which sense the load configuration, each at a distance from the working points (which remain in a steady state) of each output stage driver, such that when a change in load configuration occurs, the potential of the output connection, to which the load configuration detection stage is connected, passes only briefly through these detection windows, and such that the transient signal changes which result therefrom in each window region are used for appropriately polarized switchover to the respective correct output stage circuit section b

Abstract: A method of setting the polarity of a digital signal coming from a first integrated circuit, said digital signal being representative of data generated within the integrated circuit and requiring application to an input of a second integrated circuit that requires a predetermined polarity. The method comprises storing the required polarity externally to said first integrated circuit at its digital signal output, an acquisition sequence for acquiring the stored polarity while the data is inactive, and an application sequence for applying the acquired polarity to the information when active in order to generate on an output of said first integrated circuit the digital signal for application to the input of said second integrated circuit. The method is applicable in digital systems that include integrated circuits that may come from different sources.

Abstract: A power plant system architecture includes a plurality of battery polarity switching circuits for providing uninterruptible power/voltage to a plurality of loads, each of which is powered by low frequency AC, and which is also powered by a DC voltage. DC voltage is substituted for the AC voltage applied to the load should the voltage polarity processing circuitry in the power plant fail.

Abstract: A polarity detector wherein voltage-to-current converters (21, 22) connected to transmission paths (1, 2) output currents according to potentials at the transmission paths (1, 2), respectively, and a current adder (23) adds the currents together. A current-to-voltage converter (24) converts the added current into the voltage (14). And comparators, whose offset voltage is less than 0 V (for example, -5 V) or more than 0 V (for example, 5 V) compare the output voltage (14) with a reference voltage to output signals indicative of whether the output voltage (14) is within a predetermined range, or more than the upper limit of the predetermined range, or less than the lower limit of the predetermined range. The polarity detector for discriminating the polarity of the plurality of transmission paths supplying signals and DC voltages is thus integrated, thereby reducing parts thereof.

Abstract: A self-contained, bi-polar high-side current sense amplifier which detects the magnitude and polarity of current flowing from one device to another, is disclosed. The amplifier has a symmetric architecture having two inputs and two outputs. One output is active for positive input signals corresponding to current flow in one direction, and the other output is active for negative input signals corresponding to current flow in an opposite direction. A symmetric current mirror in the amplifier provides the OR'ing function required to provide only one output at a time. The amplifier also utilizes aluminum sense and gain resistors, which allows cancellation of resistor temperature coefficients.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for protecting the state of a state machine from an unstable clock signal. The apparatus of one embodiment includes a state register having an input and a first output which provides an output signal corresponding to the state of the state machine and a set or reset input coupled, through a logic circuit, to the first output. The logic circuit is coupled to receive a signal indicating the unstable state of the clock signal. The logic circuit is coupled to receive a signal indicating the unstable state of the clock signal. The logic circuit feeds back the output from the first output to the set or reset input to maintain the state in the state register while the clock signal is unstable. An embodiment of the method comprises storing a state in a state register, receiving a first signal indicating an unstable state of the clock signal and feeding back the output from the state register to the set or reset input while the first signal indicates the unstable clock exits.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for a transition detector and pulse width qualifying circuit for a differential receiver. The circuit generates pulses at every transition of a differential input signal and asserts a time-out signal upon detection of an end-of-transmission delimiter pulse. The circuit also detects true or inverted linkpulses.