Abstract: The present invention provides a switched-line phase shifter (300) for creating a differential phase shift between switched transmission paths (302, 304). A switched-line phase shifter (300) incorporates Schiffman sections (306, 308) of lengths which are non-integer multiples of quarter-wavelength. The lengths of the Schiffman sections (306, 308) are chosen such that no isolation points, which result from frequencies at which the effective electrical length of one of the transmission paths (302, 304) is an integer multiple of &lgr;/2, occur over the operating frequency range of the phase shifter (300). The present invention also provides a space-efficient implementation of a switched-line phase shifter (600) which utilizes switches (640, 642, 644) between Schiffman subsections (610, 630) to alternately combine and isolate the Schiffman subsections (610, 630) thereby alternately creating effective Schiffman sections of greater and lesser length respectively.

Abstract: A variable phase shifter is improved in liquid crystal response characteristics by using a thin liquid crystal material as a dielectric substrate. The variable phase shifter includes two substrates disposed parallel to each other. The substrates have alignment layers on their mutually opposing inner surfaces. A liquid crystal layer is sealed in the area between the substrates. A transmission line is formed to meander on the inner surface of one of the substrates. A grounding conductor is formed on the inner surface of the substrate along the transmission line at a predetermined distance therefrom. External electrodes are formed at least in regions on the respective outer surfaces of the substrates, each of which regions corresponds to the gap between the transmission line and the grounding conductor. A bias voltage source applies a bias voltage between the upper and lower external electrodes.

Abstract: A non-mechanical electrically adjustable delay device which does not suffer from interruptions in impedance inherent in multiple-tap delay lines. The wide band electrical delay line is capable of delaying a wide band of signals without significant distortion, e.g., up into the microwave range, and allows continuous transmission of a signal between the input port and the output port. The exemplary wide band electrical delay line comprises two transmission lines, preferably parallel to one another, and having different propagation velocities. A plurality of electrical cross connect circuits are connected between the two transmission lines. The electrical cross connect circuits are spaced along the lengths of the two transmission lines, e.g., preferably to form evenly spaced distances therebetween. The total delay through the wide band electrical delay line is adjusted by selectively activating an appropriate one of the plurality of cross connect circuits between the two transmission lines.

Abstract: A broad band phase shifter of the present invention can be used in a microstrip conductor and includes a power divider disposed along a microstrip conductor. The power divider has first and second outputs. A reference transmission line is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the first output of the power divider. A phase shift filter device is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the second output of the power divider. The phase shift filter device comprises a 180 degree phase shift coupled line structure formed of a first substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section, and a second substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section coupled to the first parallel. line section. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections have parallel lines that are spaced about five mils apart. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections also have parallel lines that are offset to each other.

Abstract: An electromechanical phase shifter for a microstrip microwave transmission line includes a conductive base plate and a pair of microstrip transmission line segments supported parallel to each other and parallel to and spaced from the base plate. A movable microstrip transmission line bridges the pair of transmission line segments and is movable therealong to provide a short circuit therebetween. A movable ground element is coupled to the bridging transmission line for movement therewith and is in contact with the pair of transmission line segments and the base plate. The spacing between the movable bridging transmission line and the ground element is maintained at one quarter wavelength of the center frequency of the signal frequency band.

Abstract: A tunable polarizer having a 90 degree phase shift section and two adjustable, or rotatable, 45 degree phase shift sections. Each section is separated by spacer to maintain independence and avoid interaction. When the two 45 degree phase shift sections and are orthogonal to each other, the polarization detected is determined by the 90 degree phase shift section which provides compatibility with circularly polarized signal. When the two 45 degree phase shift sections and are aligned, the polarizer is in a linear polarization compatibility mode.

Abstract: A transmission line includes a high permeability conductor. The high permeability conductor increases the inductance-per-length of the transmission line to reduce the propagation velocity along the line. The high permeability conductor supplements a high dielectric constant insulator and high permeability core that increase the capacitance-per-length and inductance-per-length, respectively. In one embodiment, the transmission line is a microstrip line that is used in a matrix addressable display. In another embodiment, the transmission line is a coaxial line where the central conductor includes a center layer of nonmagnetic material and an outer layer of high permeability material. The high permeability conductor can be formed from a single layer of high permeability material or may be formed from a central layer of high conductivity material coated with an outer layer of a high permeability conductor.

Abstract: In a ferrite switchable microwave device, a magnetic structure is formed in a nearly continuous closed-loop configuration of a single crystal material, or of a material exhibiting the magnetic properties of single crystal materials (quasi-single crystal materials). A magnetization M is induced in the structure. The toroidal shape of the structure in combination with the properties of the magnetic material results in a device which exhibits virtually no hysteresis. The device is operable either in a fully magnetized state or in a partially magnetized state. In a fully magnetized state, the device operates in the region of magnetic saturation. The absence of hysteresis in the device enables switching between the positive and negative magnetic saturation points with very little energy. In a partially magnetized state, the device provides a variable magnetization M between the two saturation points.

Abstract: An electrical signal phase compensator includes at least two conductors and a ground wire. In a two conductor system, the length of the first conductor is substantially longer than the second conductor. The first conductor and the second conductor are connected in parallel. In a three conductor system, the length of the second conductor is substantially longer than the third conductor. The first conductor is substantially longer than the second conductor. The first conductor, the second conductor, and the third conductor are connected in parallel. In a second preferred embodiment, the electrical signal phase compensator includes a neutral line which is disposed adjacent to the corresponding signal line. Each respective neutral line is connected in parallel. Each end of the plurality of neutral lines is terminated with a potentiometer. Each potentiometer is connected to ground. The electrical signal phase compensator may also be implemented on a circuit board with traces of different lengths.

Abstract: A high-frequency switch includes a substrate, external conductors provided on the substrate, and a central conductor provided on the substrate, the external conductors and the central conductor constituting a coplanar high-frequency wave line on the substrate. A deflectable air-bridge is held on the external conductors via an air gap and extends out over the central conductor, the air-bridge being deflectable by an electrostatic field created by an actuation voltage applied between the wave line and the air-bridge. A control-signal conductor generates the actuation voltage between the wave line and the air-bridge. The central conductor acts as the control-signal conductor which generates the actuation voltage between the wave line and the air-bridge. The air-bridge contains a plurality of laminated thin films, the laminated thin films having variable internal stresses that are adjustable to match a particular actuation voltage selected for the switch.

Abstract: The invention is a device that provides a phase-tunable antenna feed network that allows beam-steering and beam-width variation with simple actuation, at low cost, and with high rf performance. The device provides a series-feed where signal power splitters and phase-shifters are alternately disposed in series. Each phase-shifter consists of reflection-mode phase-shifter elements that operate in conjunction with an isolation device. This avoids the critical resonance condition between periodically aligned phase-shifters over the entire tuning range, since the isolation devices can easily be matched and/or aligned with non-resonant spacing. The main feed-line interconnections have the same impedance, thereby enabling the utilization of the same phase-shifter design for the entire network. Moreover, a common driving mechanism can be used for the phase-shifters to steer the antenna beam.

Abstract: The stripline-slotline digital phase shifter is located between a ground plane associated with a patch antenna and another ground plane associated with the other patch antenna, or other output circuits. It is comprised of a section of stripline adjacent to a slot in ground plane associated with the receiving patch antenna which transitions an input electromagnetic signal to a plurality of oval slotlines, called bit circuits, of varying lengths which form a delay circuit by shifting the phase of the input electromagnetic signal. The varying lengths of slotline are switched into and out of the circuit to provide a predetermined amount of delay and the phase adjusted electromagnetic signal is transitioned to portion of stripline adjacent to a slot associated with the transmission patch antenna or other output circuits.

Abstract: The present invention provides a High Resolution Scanning Reflectarray Antenna (HRSRA) for the purpose of tracking ground terminals and space craft communication applications. The present invention provides an alternative to using gimbaled parabolic dish antennas and direct radiating, phased arrays. When compared to a gimbaled parabolic dish, the HRSRA offers the advantages of vibration free steering without incurring appreciable cost or prime power penalties. In addition, it offers full beam steering at a fraction of the cost of direct radiating arrays and is more efficient.

Abstract: A ferroelectric phase shifter in the form of a coplanar waveguide and a method of fabrication thereof in which a ferroelectric film and a high temperature superconductor film are deposited onto a substrate in of a number of configurations. The high temperature superconductor material is biased in order to vary the dielectric constant of the ferroelectric material. Changing the dielectric constant enables varying the amount of phase shift of a wave applied to the phase shifter.

Abstract: A phase shifter including a phase-shifting slab having a phase-shifting member is used in conjunction with a quasi-TEM transmission line having at least one active line and one ground. In some embodiments, the phase-shifting slab is inserted between the active line and the ground. The phase-shifting member is advantageously configured so that as it is advanced between the active line and the ground plane, a varying amount of dielectric material passes therebetween. Varying the amount of dielectric material between the active line and the ground changes the effective dielectric constant of the transmission line. Such a change in the effective dielectric constant causes a change in the propagation velocity of a signal traveling through the transmission line. In that manner, a phase shift is introduced in the signal relative to other signals.

Abstract: A symmetrical coplanar waveguide is formed by a spiral with three arms. One arm is 1, the second arm is 2 and the 3rd arm is 41. The arms 1 and 2, and spiral arms 1 and 41 are separated by equal distance. The spiral arms 1, 2 and 41 are formed by the deposition of films of a conductor, layer 3, on a film 14 of a single crystal ferroelectric material, layer 2, which is deposited on a single crystal dielectric material, layer 1. Input is 10 and the output is 11. The CPW spiral arms 1, 2 and 41 form a time delay device. When a bias voltage V is applied between the spiral arms 1 and 2, and between 1 and 41 through a bias filter made of L and C, the permittivity of the ferroelectric film between the spiral arms 1 and 2, and between 1 and 41 or across the CPW, changes producing a change in the time delay.

Abstract: In four microstriplines disposed close such that they are coupled with each other, the left-hand end of the third microstripline serves as an input, the left-hand ends of the first and second microstriplines and the right-hand ends of the first and fourth microstriplines serve as outputs, and the right-hand end of the second microstripline and the left-hand end of the fourth microstripline are grounded.

Abstract: An analog phase modulator is provided for linearly phase modulating a high carrier frequency input signal in proportion to an applied bias signal. A first variable reactance network, including at least a pair of variable reactance devices separated by an approximately 1/4 wave length transmission line segment, is capacitively coupled to an in-phase port of a power divider network, and a second identical variable reactance network is capacitively coupled to a quadrature phase shifted port of the power divider network. A bias source signal is applied to each of the first and second variable reactance networks through identical bias filters, each including a high impedance transmission line segment serially connected between the bias source and the variable reactance network, and a low impedance transmission line segment shunt segment at the juncture of the high impedance transmission line segment and the bias source input port.

Abstract: A split power control circuit includes a solid state switch and a circuit or circuit element, such as a relatively large resistance or reactance connected between an RF signal line and ground. In order to provide relatively more precise control and thus relatively finer adjustment of the RF signal line, the RF signal line is split into a plurality of branches, with the switched control circuit or element connected to one or more of the branches. In another embodiment of the present invention, a solid state switch and serially connected circuit or circuit element, such as a resistance or reactance, are connected between an RF signal line and ground. The gate terminal of the solid state switch is capacitively coupled to the switch terminal (i.e. drain or source) connected to the RF signal line, forcing the gate bias element to become a fixed, rather than switched, load, thereby minimizing errors due to the gate biasing element and enabling tuning reactances to be used to compensate for such gate loads.

Abstract: A load line type phase displacement unit which is capable of reducing the time which is required for designing the system and increasing the system fabrication efficiency by simply adjusting a phase difference of an input signal by adjusting the length of a stub after the impedances of a main line and a stub are made identical with a characteristic impedance. The unit a main line unit having a main line having a characteristic impedance Z.sub.0 and an identical impedance Z.sub.c and a plurality of stubs having an impedance Z.sub.c of the main line and an identical impedance and being capable of changing a phase difference of an input signal, and a sub-line unit having a stub having an impedance which is identical with the characteristic impedance Z.sub.0 of the main line and a sub-line which is connected in parallel with the stub for compensating for error information based on the malfunction of the main line unit.

Abstract: A broad band phase shifter of the present invention can be used in a microstrip conductor and includes a power divider disposed along a microstrip conductor. The power divider has first and second outputs. A reference transmission line is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the first output of the power divider. A phase shift filter device is disposed on the microstrip conductor and connected to the second output of the power divider. The phase shift filter device comprises a 180 degree phase shift coupled line structure formed of a first substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section, and a second substantially linear 90 degree phase shift parallel line section coupled to the first parallel line section. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections have parallel lines that are spaced about five mils apart. The first and second 90 degree phase shift parallel line sections also have parallel lines that are offset to each other.

Abstract: A coplanar waveguide is formed by a spiral with two arms. One arm is labelled 1, and the second arm is labelled 2. The arms labelled 1 and 2 are separated by equal distance. The spiral arms labelled 1 and 2 are formed by the deposition of a film of a conductor, a third layer, on a film 14 of a single crystal ferroelectric material, a second layer, which is deposited on a single crystal dielectric material, a first layer 1. Input is 10 and the output is 11. The CPW spiral arms labelled 1 and 2 forms a time delay device. When a bias voltage V is applied between the two spiral arms labelled 1 and 2 through a bias filter made of an inductor L and a capacitor C, the permittivity of the ferroelectric film between the two spiral arms labelled 1 and 2, or across the CPW, producing a change in the time delay.

Abstract: The invention relates to processing of radio frequency signals, particularly to the balancing of signals. The phasing and balancing member according to the invention is based on the use of four parallel strip lines (10, 20, 30, 40). The strip lines are combined as two pairs (10, 40; 20, 30), which are located within each other. In the line pair (20, 30) connected the unbalanced signal the other ends (22, 32) are interconnected, and in the line pair (10, 40) connected to the balanced signal the other ends (12, 42) are connected to a point corresponding to the signal's zero potential. In the different lines of each pair the signal travels in opposite directions, whereby the radiation fields generated by the signals travelling in the different lines substantially cancel each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides a superconducting transmission delay line phase shifter which has an essential structure as follows. The superconducting transmission delay line phase shifter has a layer made of a material showing a low dielectric loss the layer comprising first, second and third sections, wherein the second section being positioned between the first and third sections. The superconducting transmission delay line phase shifter also has a ferroelectric selectively provided in the second section. The ferroelectric extends between boundaries of the second section to the first and third sections. The superconducting transmission delay line phase shifter also has a thin film made of a conductor having a high conductivity. The conductive thin film extends across the bottoms of the first, second and third sections. The superconducting transmission delay line phase shifter also has a superconducting signal transmission line, on which signals are transmitted.

Abstract: A stripline-type delay line has a plurality of rectangular sheet layers which are made from a dielectric material with a relative dielectric constant .di-elect cons.r of about 6.3, having magnesium oxide and silica as main components. One sheet layer is placed at the top, and the other layers are laminated thereunder in the following order: a sheet layer on which a first ground conductor is formed on its upper surface, a sheet layer on which a transmission line folded in a meander shape is formed on its upper surface, and a sheet layer on which a second ground conductor is formed on its upper surface. On side faces of the laminated dielectric and on adjacent portions of the upper and lower surfaces, an input terminal, an output terminal, and ground terminals are formed by printing, and then the dielectric is baked.

Abstract: A high-temperature superconductive microwave delay line that operates in an essentially pure TEM field configuration in a compact assembly. The delay line is a planar signal delay line which includes first and second substrates made of first and second dielectric materials; each substrate can be LAO material. First and second patterned delay line segments having a configuration, are formed of first and second conductive materials on the obverse sides of the first and second substrates, respectively. On the reverse side of each of the first and second substrates, respective first and second ground planes are formed using respective first and second conductive materials, which are preferred to be high-temperature superconductive films, such as YBCO films. The delay line also includes coupling means for coupling the first patterned delay line segment to the second patterned delay line segment, thus bringing the two patterned delay line segments into substantial contact.

Abstract: An electrical interconnection structure. The electrical interconnection structure includes a mother board substrate having a plurality of layers. At least one layer includes a signal path having a characteristic impedance of Z.sub.O and a conductive ground plane. A signal via passes through each layer of the mother board substrate. The signal via electrically is connected to the signal path. A ground via passes through each layer of the mother board substrate. The ground via is electrically connected to the conductive ground plane. The electrical interconnection structure further includes a plurality of flex circuits. Each flex circuit includes a flex signal path having a characteristic impedance of Z.sub.O and a flex ground plane. Each flex signal path is electrically connected to the signal via and each flex ground plane is electrically connected to the ground via.

Abstract: A printed 180 degree differential phase shifter includes a short nonuniform nonregular line and a uniform transmission line. The nonuniform nonregular line consists of two broadside coupled lines of both sides of a thin dielectric substrate. These highly magnetically coupled lines have short opposite connections (short circuits) connecting the coupled lines with a ground of the uniform line. An opposite input and output of the coupled lines are electrically interconnected with input and output transmission lines having equal impedances. The coupled lines are distant from the ground of the uniform line which can be any transmission line having an electrical length equal to the electrical length of the nonuniform nonregular line.

Abstract: A feed line structure (1), especially integrated with a stationary array of antenna elements so as to enable adjustment of the direction of the beam radiated from the array. The feed line structure comprises a feed conductor line pattern (3) disposed on a fixed carrier plate (2) at a distance from and in parallel to a fixed ground plate (4), and a movable dielectric plate (5) located therebetween. The feed line pattern (3) is elongated in the same direction (A) as the movement direction of the dielectric plate (5). The propagation velocity of the signal components is reduced by the dielectric plate (5), whereby a controlled phase difference between the various signal components is obtained.

Abstract: A UHF phase shifter including a UHF waveguide having an electrooptical element lying between two elements 3 and 4 made of materials which have permittivity higher than that of the electrooptical element. An electric polarization field is applied for controlling the electrooptical element and a UHF line is inserted into the element. The control of the orientation of the molecules of the electrooptical element allows for a variation of the index of the element as seen by the field of a UHF wave.

Abstract: A delay line is produced by firing a laminated body and terminals (an input terminal, an output terminal and grounding terminals) which are formed by printing or another method on the side faces, top and bottom surfaces of the laminated body. The laminated body has four dielectric rectangular sheet layers (dielectric constant .epsilon.r=approximately 6.3) containing mainly barium oxide, aluminum oxide and silica. The laminated body is formed by layering from top to bottom, in the order given, a first sheet layer, a second sheet layer which has a grounding conductor formed on its top surface, a third sheet layer which has a transmission line meanderingly formed on its top surface, and a fourth sheet layer which has another grounding conductor formed on its top surface.

Abstract: An antenna assembly having an operating frequency and a vertical radiation pattern with a main lobe axis defining a downtilt angle with respect to the earth's surface. The antenna assembly comprises a plurality of antennas in first, second, and third antenna groups disposed along a backplane, the backplane having a longitudinal axis along which the antennas are disposed, and a phase adjustment mechanism disposed between the second and third antenna groups, such that adjustment of the phase adjustment mechanism results in variation of the vertical radiation pattern downtilt angle.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an integrated circuit (IC) 200 including a plurality of microstrip conductive lines, i.e., 210, 220, 230, and 240. The IC includes a phase shifting means wherein the plurality of microstrip conductive lines, i.e., 210, 220, 230, and 240, may have different or equal lengths forming a coplanar phase-shifting assembly for shifting phase of the electromagnetic wave transmitted therein. The conductive lines, i.e., 210, 220, 230, and 240, are configured substantially rectangular in shape. The IC 200 also includes a decoupling means 280 for substantially decoupling and reducing the interference between the electromagnetic fields of the conductive lines, i.e., 210, 220, 230, and 240. The decoupling means 280 is a conductive means disposed inside the rectangular shape surrounded by the four conductive lines, i.e., 210, 220, 230, and 240, of the phase-shifting assembly. The decoupling means 280 and the microstrip conductive lines, i.e.

Abstract: A microwave grating 10 for a dispersive delay line, the grating comprising: (a) a terminal 12 for receiving a wideband RF signal including multiple RF signals of different frequencies; (b) a primary transmission line 14 capable of carrying the wideband RF signal, the primary transmission line 14 being electrically connected to said terminal 12; and (c) a plurality of non-resonant open-stub transmission lines 16 each having a length 18, the open-stub transmission lines 16 being capacitively loaded on the primary transmission line 14 at spaced locations 20 along the primary transmission line 14. Each open-stub transmission line 16 effects perturbations in the signal carrying capability of the primary transmission line 14 where the open-stub transmission line is located.

Abstract: Input is applied to a two-partition circuit that substantially equally distributes input power into two partitions having a phase difference of 90.degree., and the thus-distributed output is applied to a first driver that generates circularly polarized wave. The two outputs of the second driver, in which the circularly polarized waves generated from the first driver are coupled, are combined in a combining circuit. The end portion of the opening of the sealed case incorporating the first driver fits together with the end portion of the opening of the sealed case incorporating the second driver such that the two sealed cases together with the first and second drivers may rotate relative to each other around their cylindrical axis. The phase difference between the input of the two-partition circuit and the output of the combining circuit changes according to the relative angle of rotation around the cylindrical axis between first and second drivers.

Abstract: A thin film differential delay line configured in a strip line assembly on ceramic substrates for PECL logic applications. A number of alternative layered constructions are disclosed. Each assembly provides complementary serpentine conductors constructed in symmetrical arrangements, i.e. side-by-side, over-under and mirrored. Bordering ground conductors at the signal layer and adjacent ground planes layers shield the delay line conductors. Termination pads having plated through vias facilitate electrical couplings between the layers.

Abstract: A microwave integrated circuit includes a matching circuit for electromagnetic analysis in designing the circuit. The matching circuit is a T-junction circuit comprising distributed constant lines. Miniaturization of the microwave integrated circuit is realized while reducing the time required for electromagnetic analysis and improving design precision by using meandered distributed constant lines.

Abstract: A thin film transmission line, delay line constructed on a ceramic substrate. A serpentine, transmission line conductor and a surrounding, coplanar border ground are plated in registry onto the substrate. Discrete ground paths which project from the border are interspersed between the conductor windings to electrically shield adjacent windings. A hard coat epoxy resin covers the signal layer, which may support a sputtered ground plane that is connected to the border ground. An alternative delay line provides overlying ground fingers within the dielectric covering layer which are aligned to the channel spaces between the conductor windings. Both assemblies provide an increased number of conductor lines per chip. Edge coupled terminations are provided at the substrate to accommodate multi-layer assemblies of the delay line and/or circuit terminations.

Abstract: A printed circuit board with a microstrip radio frequency delay line deposited thereon. In addition, a plurality of delay line segments are deposited on the board in close proximity to one end of the delay line. To achieve an overall desired delay length, one of the delay line segments is selected and serially inserted in circuit with the delay line by populating a surface mount circuit element between terminals at the ends of the delay line and the selected delay line segment.

Abstract: A phase shifter for electrically adjusting the down-tilt of an antenna, based on rotating at least one phase wheel having a specially shaped dielectric. Each phase wheel is rotatably mounted between a stripline and the metallic ground plane of a feed system for an RF signal communicating the RF signal between each element of the antenna and a common terminal. The dielectric distributed on each phase wheel is shaped so that as the phase wheel is turned mechanically, the amount of dielectric directly beneath the stripline and above the metallic ground plane either increases or decreases in some proportion to the amount (angular displacement) the wheel is turned. All the phase wheels used in a system can be arranged, oriented, and tractively coupled so as to rotate in synchrony under the action of a single drive, which may itself be driven by a stepper motor for accurate, fine control.

Abstract: A phase shifter transmission line includes a semiconductor layer 20; a first conductor region 42 on the semiconductor layer 20; a first doped region 24 and 30 in the semiconductor layer adjacent the first conductor region; and a variable bias voltage coupled to the first conductor region 42 for varying an effective dielectric constant in the transmission line.

Abstract: A coplanar microwave transmission line on a substrate utilizes the interdigital capacitance between overlapped conducting fingers that extend from the conductors of the transmission line to reduce substantially the velocity of electromagnetic waves propagating on the transmission line without introducing prohibitive losses. The arrays of fingers extending from the conductors of the transmission line substantially overlap each other and are relatively densely packed. Layered substrates may be used to provide lower loss and a substantial reduction in velocity, which layered substrates may include layers of dielectric material located both above and below the conductors of the transmission line.

Abstract: A microstrip transmission line device wherein if there is a difference between absolute transmission delay times tpd of two signals to be transmitted over two strip conductors, for example, if a clock signal for tpd=83.3 or 76.9 ps/cm and a data signal for tpd=63.3 or 56.9 ps/cm are to be transmitted, a transmission delay time tpd per unit length of one strip conductor is adjusted by disposing a dielectric just under the one strip conductor, the dielectric having a predetermined relative dielectric constant (in this case, .epsilon.r=5.0 or 4.0) different from a relative dielectric constant (in this case, .epsilon.r=9.0 or 8.0) of a dielectric just under another strip conductor by an amount corresponding to a difference between absolute transmission delay times tpd of the one strip conductor and the other strip conductor. In this manner, the lengths of the two strip lines are made equal.

Abstract: A phase shifter includes a transmission line and a plurality of varactor diodes connected in parallel to the transmission line. The varactor diodes have a high enough density that they uniformly load the transmission line. By controlling the reverse biasing of the varactor diodes, the phase shift produced by the phase shifter can be controlled.

Abstract: A MMIC high Tc superconducting ferroelectric phase shifter is comprised of as microstrip line on a film of a single crystal ferroelectric material. To operate the phase shifter over a desired bandwidth a quadrature band pass filter, having 1,2,3, . . . coupled lines, is coupled to the phase shifter. The microstrip lines are comprised of a high Tc superconductor such as YBCO, TBCCO.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a phased array antenna for microwave and millimeter wave applications, using either microstrip line, coplanar waveguide, or other construction techniques incorporating a solid dielectric transmission line. A continuously variable phase delay structure which is used to control the beam pattern of the phased array antenna can be applied to the construction of resonant frequency tunable coplanar waveguide antennas and impedance tunable quarter-wave transformers. A thin film of barium strontium titanate (Ba.sub.x Sr.sub.1-x TiO.sub.3) or other nonlinear material such as PbZr.sub.x Ti.sub.1-x O.sub.3 (PZT), LiNbO.sub.3, etc. is deposited upon the coplanar waveguide, and/or the patch antenna element. The dielectric constant of the thin film can be made to vary significantly by applying a DC voltage to the thin film. The propagation constant of a transmission line is directly proportional to the square root of the effective dielectric constant (assuming a lossless dielectric).

Abstract: A number of MMIC ferroelectric variable time delay devices are presented. Each embodiment has a microstrip configuration deposited on a ferroelectric film which is deposited on a high Tc superconductor substrate connected to the ground. A bias electric field changes the permittivity of the ferroelectric material. As a result, a variable time delay is obtained.

Abstract: There is provided a small size phase shifter which can shift a phase by 180 degrees wherein the accuracy of preset phase is less dependent on frequency. The phase shifter comprises first to fourth switches provided between a first line pair and a second line pair. By turning the first and second switches ON and the third and fourth switches OFF, a signal inputted to the first line pair is outputted from the second line pair in phase. By turning the first and second switches OFF and the third and fourth switches ON, a signal inputted to the first line pair is outputted from the second line pair out of phase. A small-size phase shifter which has the accuracy of preset phase less dependent on frequency can then be obtained.

Abstract: Signal wiring layers are formed between a power supply layer and a ground layer, which have conductor patterns each constituted by a plurality of parallel strip-shaped conductors. The above layers are isolated from each other by insulating layers. The signal wiring layer has wires which are arranged in parallel with the parallel strip-shaped conductors of the conductor pattern of the power supply layer, and the signal wiring layer has wires which are arranged in parallel with the parallel strip-shaped conductors of the conductor pattern of the ground layer.

Abstract: A ferroelectric phase shifting antenna array consists of a plurality of lrally spaced antenna patches which have respective ferroelectric components abutting an edge of each patch at a near central location on the edge to provide impedance matching. DC control power lines are connected to the center voltage null position of the resonant mode of the antenna patch. An Rf source is connected to the other ends of the ferroelectric components through quarter wave coupled lines which provides simultaneous impedance matching and DC isolation.