Abstract: Systems and devices for transmitting radio frequency signals to and from radio frequency coils in magnetic resonance imaging systems are provided. In one embodiment, a balun for blocking induced radio frequency current on ground conductors of a multi-layer signal carrier includes first and second insulative elements disposed on first and second sides of the signal carrier, respectively, a conductive layer partially surrounding ends of each insulative element with a central region of each insulative element not surrounded by the respective conductive layer, first and second capacitive circuits coupled to the conductive layers of each respective insulative element in the central region thereof, vias extending through the signal carrier, and conductive material disposed in the vias electrically coupling a conductive layer on respective ends of the first and second elements with one another and with the ground conductors.

Abstract: A highly integrated electrical module is specified which comprises a filter circuit and a balun circuit. The space requirement is reduced by circuit components of the balun circuit being arranged at least in part on an inner side of the housing of the filter circuit.

Abstract: A passive component is provided with a filter section employing a nonequilibrium input/output system, which has an input side resonator connected to a nonequilibrium input terminal, and an output side resonator coupled with the input side resonator; and a converting section having two double line coupled lines. An output stage of the filter section is connected with an input stage of the converting section through a first capacitor, and an input stage of the filter section is connected with the input stage of the converting section through a second capacitor. Namely, the second capacitor functions as a jump capacitor. The position of an attenuation pole is permitted to be adjusted by a second capacitor in a region low in frequency characteristics.

Abstract: A hybrid Marchand/back-wave balun includes a first pair of coupled sections having a first primary section and first secondary section; a second pair of coupled sections having a second primary section and second secondary section; a first reactance interconnecting the first and second primary sections and a second reactance interconnecting the first and second secondary sections; one of the reactances being open at high frequency and shorted at low frequency, the other reactance being shorted at high frequency and open at low frequency for selectively providing low frequency Marchand/high frequency back-wave function and high frequency Marchand/low frequency back-wave function; and a double balanced mixer using same.

Abstract: A bipolar pulse generator includes two, two-conductor transmission lines coupled together with a load positioned between the two transmission lines. Two segments of one transmission line are charged and switchably coupled to two segments of the other transmission line to produce a bipolar pulse on the matched load. The generator may include two transmission line structures coupled together with a load positioned between each transmission line structures. The first transmission line structure may include a stepped transmission line and an embedded transmission line segment. A switch is coupled between the embedded transmission line segment and another segment of the transmission line structure. During operation, the first transmission line structure is charged to a potential with the switch in the open position and, when the switch is closed, the charge on the first transmission line structure together with the second transmission line structure generates a bipolar pulse on the matched load.

Abstract: A waveguide to microstrip transition having a waveguide open at one end. A dielectric substrate includes a first and a second side and a ground plane covers the first side of the substrate. The dielectric substrate overlies the waveguide opening so that the ground plane faces the waveguide and an opening in the ground plane registers with the waveguide opening. A back short having a housing is positioned on the second side of the dielectric substrate. The back short housing forms a cavity which registers with at least a portion of the ground plane opening so that microwave energy from the waveguide passes through the dielectric substrate and into the cavity defined by the back short housing. The back short housing has at least one opening to the cavity along the second side of the dielectric substrate. A pair of spaced apart microstrips on the second side of the substrate each have a free end positioned in the cavity so that the free ends of the microstrips are spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: A compact end launch transition for providing a connection between a housing having an electrical terminator and a waveguide component and associated method are described. The transition includes a having a rear side presenting a substantially flat surface to abut the housing and has a front side having an aperture. An antenna located within the body is configured to interact with the aperture to form an end launch transition. An electrical connector is in electrical communication with the antenna and exposed from the rear side of the body to connect directly to the electrical terminator. This avoids the need to use cable to connect the housing and waveguide component and provides a particularly compact device.

Abstract: A balun comprises at least two asymmetric coplanar striplines, a first of the striplines coupled to a signal input, and a second of the striplines coupled to a signal output, the at least two asymmetric coplanar striplines configured in a Marchand architecture to receive an unbalanced signal and to output a balanced signal.

Abstract: A first transmission line is formed on a first surface of a substrate. A first end of the first transmission line is connected to a transmission line of an unbalanced line. A second end is connected to a first transmission line of a balanced line. A second transmission line extends from a first end of the unbalanced line, alongside the first transmission line and spaced therefrom, and is connected to a second of the transmission lines of the balanced line. A ground plane is formed on a second surface of the substrate, extends from a first end of the balanced line, and is formed along the second transmission line to which the ground plane is connected through one or more vias. A width of a portion of the ground plane adjacent to the unbalanced line is greater than a portion thereof adjacent to the balanced line.

Abstract: A transmission line converter in which a rectangular waveguide provided under a transmission line may be reduced in size. The transmission line converter includes: a rectangular waveguide; a slot provided in a wall surface of the rectangular waveguide; and a transmission line which extends in a direction of a tube axis of the rectangular waveguide and includes signal conductors and a ground conductor, the slot is provided in a narrower wall surface of the rectangular waveguide and has a shape in which a central portion of the slot includes an oblique portion to the tube axis of the rectangular waveguide and at least one of both end portions of the oblique portion includes a portion parallel to the tube axis of the rectangular waveguide, and the wall surface of the rectangular waveguide in which the slot is provided is a part of the ground conductor.

Abstract: A multilayer balun comprises first and second transmission lines that constitute a half-wave transmission line are opposed in adjacent layers, with a dielectric substance therebetween, so that, during use, the current of the first transmission line and the current of the second transmission line flow in the same direction. Thus, magnetic shield is formed between the first and second transmission lines. This eliminates the need for a grounding electrode layer for preventing magnetic interference between the first and second transmission lines.

Abstract: A waveguide transition for a fill level radar may include a printed circuit board in which a resonator is integrated. Together with a coupling element, the resonator is used for decoupling high-frequency waves from a feed line, that is also integrated in the printed circuit board, to a waveguide that is screwed onto the printed circuit board. There is thus no need to provide an external resonator.

Abstract: The present invention provides an RF module capable of converting electromagnetic waves in the TE mode to balanced electromagnetic waves in the TEM mode without adjustment and outputting the balanced electromagnetic waves while easily realizing miniaturization. The RF module includes: a waveguide (3) in which a half-wavelength TE mode resonator (2) is formed; an E plane coupling window (4) formed in a wall portion (3a) orthogonal to an H plane out of wall portions (3a) to (3e) constructing the TE mode resonator (2) in the waveguide (3); an output line (5a) provided at the edge on the side of the wall portion (3d) parallel with the H plane on the E plane coupling window (4), and magnetically coupled to electromagnetic waves in the TE mode resonator (2); and another output line (5b) provided at the edge on the side of the wall portion (3e) parallel with the H plane in the E plane coupling window (4), and magnetically coupled to the electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A transmission line transition for coupling electromagnetic energy between different transmission lines includes first and second dielectric substrates laminated to each other and a waveguide tube attached to the first dielectric substrate. The laminated dielectric substrate provides a dielectric waveguide having a first end short-circuited and a second end communicating with a hollow interior of the waveguide tube. An antenna connected to a planar line is disposed in the dielectric waveguide and spaced from the short-circuited end of the dielectric waveguide by a predetermined distance in a longitudinal direction of the waveguide tube to excite and to be excited by the waveguide tube. The dielectric waveguide has a cross-sectional area smaller than that of the interior of the waveguide tube and coincides with the interior of the waveguide tube in the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film balun capable of preventing a resonant frequency from being increased to a high frequency, and thus realizing a preferable passage characteristic. A thin film balun 1 includes: an unbalanced transmission line 2 having a first coil portion C1 and a second coil portion C2; and a balanced transmission line 3 having a third coil portion C3 and a fourth coil portion C4 which are magnetically coupled with the first coil portion C1 and the second coil portion C2, respectively. The first coil portion C1 is connected to an unbalanced terminal T0, and the second coil portion C2 is connected to a ground terminal G (ground potential) via a capacitor D (C component). The third coil portion C3 is connected to a balanced terminal T1 and the fourth coil portion C4 is connected to a second balanced terminal T2. The capacitor D is provided, in a plan view, in an area S1 between the outer end of the unbalanced terminal T0 and the outer end of the ground terminal G.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film balun capable of preventing a resonant frequency from being increased to a high frequency due to size and thickness reductions and maintaining a preferable passage characteristic, while improving a balance characteristic. A thin film balun 1 includes: an unbalanced transmission line 2 having a first coil portion C1 and a second coil portion C2; and a balanced transmission line 3 having a third coil portion C3 and a fourth coil portion C4 which are magnetically coupled with the first coil portion C1 and the second coil portion C2, respectively. The first coil portion C1 is connected to an unbalanced terminal T0, and the second coil portion C2 is connected to a ground terminal G (ground potential) via a capacitor D (C component). The third coil portion C3 is connected to a balanced terminal T1 and the fourth coil portion C4 is connected to a second balanced terminal T2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an element of transition between a waveguide and a transition line on a substrate. The element of transition comprises a securing flange on the substrate, the flange being dimensioned so that at least, in the direction microstrip line, the width d of the flange is selected in such a manner as to shift the resonant modes away from the useful band. The invention is used particularly for circuits using SMD techniques at millimeter frequencies.

Abstract: A balanced-unbalanced conversion element for realizing easy adjustment of a phase balance of two balanced signals is provided. The balanced-unbalanced conversion element includes a first ¼-wavelength resonant line coupled to a first balanced terminal, a second ¼-wavelength resonant line coupled to a second balanced terminal, and a ½-wavelength resonant line. The ½-wavelength resonant line includes a first open-end-side line coupled to an unbalanced terminal and the first ¼-wavelength resonator and a second open-end-side line coupled to the second ¼-wavelength resonator. In addition, a width of the first open-end-side line differs from a width of the second open-end-side line.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for making a hybrid material stripline device. The method includes providing an inner layer of material, the inner layer including a dielectric material and at least one conductive sheet. At least one stripline device is formed in the inner layer by processing the at least one conductive sheet. The at least one stripline device is characterized by a surface area footprint. A first exterior layer and a second exterior layer are provided. At least one of the first exterior layer and/or the second exterior layer includes at least one ceramic portion. The at least one ceramic portion has a ceramic surface area greater than or substantially equal to the surface area footprint of the at least one stripline device. At least one of the first exterior layer and/or the second exterior layer further includes a softboard dielectric material. The inner layer of material is sandwiched between the first exterior layer and the second exterior layer.

Abstract: An apparatus providing a low impedance transition from a pulse generator to one or more helical antennae. Conventional transition from coaxial-to-antenna causes energy loss. The present invention decreases that loss.

Abstract: A transmission line balun comprising a tubular ferrite having a longitudinal passageway concentrically positioned over a conductive sleeve having a longitudinal passageway. The end of a coax feeder is positioned in the longitudinal passageway of the sleeve and the sleeve is grounded at its proximal end to the shield of the coax cable. The sleeve buffers the effects of the parasitic line caused by using ferrite in a balun.

Abstract: The present invention includes a waveguide for outputting radio frequency wave, a vacuum envelope provided with a slow-wave circuit, a coaxial connection part connecting the waveguide and the vacuum envelope, an insulating window member which is provided in the coaxial connection part and which hermetically seals a said of vacuum envelope and a said of waveguide, a coaxial center conductor of exterior portion with one end supported by the waveguide, and a coaxial center conductor of an interior portion with one end abutting on the slow-wave circuit and the other end connected to the coaxial center conductor of the exterior portion. The waveguide is provided with a screw part supporting the coaxial center conductor of the exterior portion movably in an axial direction of the coaxial center conductor of the exterior portion.

Abstract: A feeding apparatus is utilized for a waveguide. The waveguide includes an opening and a button periphery around the opening. The button periphery includes a feeding side. The feeding apparatus includes a substrate and a feeding segment. The substrate is connected to the button periphery of the waveguide. The feeding segment installed in the substrate is utilized for feeding a signal into the waveguide, which the feeding segment extends to the opening from a position of the feeding side different from midpoint of the feeding side.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film balun includes: an unbalanced transmission line 2 including a first coil portion C1 and a second coil portion C2; a balanced transmission line 3 including a third coil portion C3 and a fourth coil portion C4 that are magnetically coupled to the first coil portion C1 and the second coil portion C2, respectively; a first balanced terminal T1 connected to the third coil portion C3; a second balanced terminal T2 connected to the fourth coil portion C4; and an auxiliary coil portion C5 provided between the third coil portion C3 and the first balanced terminal T1 and/or between the fourth coil portion C4 and the second balanced terminal T2.

Abstract: To provide a thin film balun that can improve balance characteristics while maintaining miniaturization. In a thin film balun to which an embodiment relates, an auxiliary coil portion is disposed at a predetermined position so as to face any one of an unbalanced transmission line and a balanced transmission line.

Abstract: A balun circuit includes a first CPW line 11, a second CPW line 12a, and a third CPW line 12b that serve as signal input/output ports; a first CPS line 14a that is a differential transmission line, the first CPS line 14a relaying the first CPW line 11 to the second CPW line 12a; a second CPS line 14b that is a differential transmission line, the second CPS line 14b relaying the first CPW line 11 to the third CPW line 12b; and at least one connection section that connects grounded conductors of each of the first CPW line 11, the second CPW line 12a, and the third CPW line 12b.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a balun includes one or more transformers configured to block DC power between a line and a device at microwave frequencies. The one or more transformers block DC power between the line and the device by electromagnetically coupling the device to the line.

Abstract: A multi-mode I/O circuit or cell (10) is provided for transmitting and receiving data between ICs, where each IC contains at least one of the I/O circuits. Each data link includes transmitter circuitry (12) and receiver circuitry (14). The transmitter circuitry sends data to a receiver circuitry in another IC, and the receiver circuitry receives data from a transmitter circuitry in another IC. The I/O circuit is constructed with CMOS-based transistors (e.g., CMOS or BiCMOS) that are selectively interconnected together by a plurality of switches to operate as two single-ended, current or voltage mode links, or as a single differential current or voltage mode link. In the preferred embodiment the transmitter circuitry sends data to the receiver circuitry in another IC over a first pair of adjacently disposed conductors, and the receiver circuitry receives data from the transmitter circuitry in another IC over a second pair of adjacently disposed conductors.

Abstract: A transmission line transition includes a waveguide tube section having a waveguide tube, a waveguide tube section that is formed of at least a dielectric substrate and a line transition section formed of at least a dielectric substrate disposed adjacent the waveguide tube section to cover the hole, a transmission line for transmitting the electromagnetic wave, and an antenna pattern that is disposed in the hole to be electromagnetically coupled with the transmission line. Each of the dielectric substrates has a plurality. of via holes disposed to surround the hole at a distance ?=an integer n×wave length ?g/2 from the peripheral wall of the hole.

Abstract: A balance-unbalance conversion element that easily adjusts the phase balance between two balance signals. The balance-unbalance conversion element includes a dielectric substrate and an electrode pattern on a surface of the dielectric substrate. The electrode pattern includes a first ¼-wavelength resonance line coupled to a first balance terminal; a second ¼-wavelength resonance line coupled to a second balance terminal; a ½-wavelength resonance line having a first open end coupled to an unbalance terminal and the first ¼-wavelength resonator and a second open end coupled to the second ¼-wavelength resonator; and a balance characteristic adjustment electrode having a tip end opposed to a side of the ½-wavelength resonance line and a base end electrically coupled to a ground electrode. A center line of the electrode pattern on the surface of the dielectric substrate and the center of the tip end of the balance characteristic adjustment electrode are separated from each other.

Abstract: A spring loaded microwave interconnector (SLMI). The SLMI includes a waveguide probe head having a first side and opposite thereto a second side, the sides transverse to a central axis. A spring loaded coax central conductor coupled to the probe head first side and provides a distal conductive tip. The coax central conductor extends along the central axis. A dielectric sleeve is disposed about the coax central conductor adjacent to the first side. The distal conductive tip extending beyond the dielectric sleeve when in an extended position and is about flush with the dielectric sleeve when in a compressed poison. An multiport waveguide to multiport PCB assembly utilizing a plurality of SLMIs wherein the multiport waveguide and PCB have curved contours is also disclosed.

Abstract: A balun may include series-coupled balanced-signal lines. In some examples, a balun may include a first transmission line having a first unbalanced signal port on which an unbalanced signal may exist relative to circuit ground; a second transmission line having a first balanced-signal port may be connected in series with a third transmission line having a second balanced-signal port. In some examples, a fourth transmission line may be coupled to the first transmission line and have a third balanced-signal port. A fifth transmission line may be connected in series with the fourth transmission line and have a fourth balanced-signal port. In some examples, the transmission lines may be coaxial. Balanced signals may exist between the first and second balanced-signal ports and between the third and fourth balanced-signal ports. Series-connected coaxial transmission lines may be formed of a single coaxial line with a gap in the outer conductor separating the two coaxial transmission lines.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) channelizer includes a first four-port balun, a second four part balun and a pair of filters coupled between the first and second four port baluns. The filters operate such that RF signals having a frequency within a desired frequency band (so-called “in-band” signals) can propagate between the first and second baluns (e.g. from the first balun to the second balun) while signals having a frequency outside the desired frequency band (so-called “out-of-band signals”) are reflected back to the first balun. One filter reflects out-of-band signals while maintaining the magnitude and phase of the signal (i.e. with a 0 degree phase shift), while the other filter reflects out-of-band signals with a phase-reversal (i.e. with a 180 degree phase shift). With this approach, the reflected signals propagate to a sum port (or even mode port) of the first balun. In this way, the balun-filter combination results in a channelizer which separates signals into different frequency bands.

Abstract: A wideband power coupler and method for taping part of a RF signal from a combined RF and AC signal with relatively simple structure and relatively low number of needed parts. The power coupler may include a BALUN, the BALUN constructed of a central conductor, an outer conductor and a ferrite element. Combined downstream AC and RF signal may flow through the central conductor of the BALUN. A part of the RF signal is reflected on the outer conductor of the BALUN with 180 degrees phase shift with respect to the RF signal, to create a reversed signal. Another part of the RF signal is sampled by a high pass filter. An autotransformer sums the reversed signal with the RF signal to create an output RF signal for an output tap port.

Abstract: A microwave or millimeter-wave balun is provided. The balun uses three edge-coupled lines along with a plurality of air bridges instead of two edge-coupled lines used in a conventional planar Marchand balun. The first edge-coupled line and the second edge-coupled line are substantially parallel, and the third edge-coupled line is disposed also substantially in parallel between the first edge-coupled line and the second edge-coupled line. The plurality of air bridges are transmission lines between the first edge-coupled line and the second edge-coupled line. The air bridges have total width longer than one half of the total length of the first edge-coupled line or the second edge-coupled line. By combining three edge-coupled-lines and a plurality of air bridges, the Marchand balun has a higher coupling coefficient and increases the operation bandwidth. The microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) mixer based on the balun can provide compact size compared to conventional ones.

Abstract: The present invention provides a thin film balun according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: an unbalanced transmission line which includes two coils; a balanced transmission line which includes two coils and is electromagnetically coupled to the unbalanced transmission line; a first electrode which is connected to the balanced transmission line and constitutes a capacitor 4; and a second electrode 51 which is connected to a ground terminal 72 and disposed to be opposed to the first electrode and constitutes the capacitor 4. The second electrode 51 has a section opposed to the coils configuring the unbalanced transmission line or the balanced transmission line, the section being integrally formed with a section opposed to the first electrode.

Abstract: A wide-band balun device includes a first metallization deposited over a substrate and oriented in a first coil. The first coil extends horizontally across the substrate while maintaining a substantially flat vertical profile. A second metallization is deposited over the substrate and oriented in a second coil. The second coil is magnetically coupled to the first coil and a portion of the second coil oriented interiorly of the first coil. A third metallization is deposited over the substrate and oriented in a third coil. The third coil is magnetically coupled to the first and second coils. A first portion of the third coil is oriented interiorly of the second coil. The third coil has a balanced port connected to the third coil between second and third portions of the third coil.

Abstract: A dielectric member comprising a laminated balun and a matching circuit, wherein the matching circuit is integrally mounted within the laminated balun. The matching circuit comprises a patterned conductive film formed on a surface of an existing dielectric substrate in the balun such that the balun is not increased in size.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compact balun device that includes an unbalanced port and a set of balanced differential ports. A first set of coupled transmission line structures is coupled to the unbalanced port and one port of the set of balanced differential ports. The first set of coupled transmission line structures is characterized by at least one device parameter and a first length that is substantially equal to a quarter of a wavelength (?). The wavelength (?) corresponds to a first frequency. A second set of coupled transmission line structures is coupled to another port of the set of balanced differential ports. The second set of coupled transmission line structures is characterized by the at least one device parameter and a second length that is substantially equal to the quarter of a wavelength (?). The wavelength (?) corresponds to the first frequency.

Abstract: A balance-to-unbalance transformer (balun) comprising a first signal input/output with two symmetrical poles, a second signal input with one pole, several first conductor loop regions, which are located between the two poles of the first signal input and the ground and a second series connection of several conductor loop regions, the first terminal of the latter being connected to the pole of the second signal input. Two second conductor loop regions are electromagnetically coupled to a respective conductor loop region. The second outer terminal of the second series connection of several second conductor loop regions is electrically connected to the intermediate terminal of a first series connection of several first conductor loop regions, which connect a symmetrical pole of the first signal input to the ground.

Abstract: A balanced-unbalanced conversion circuit includes a first coupling line, an unbalanced terminal connected to the first coupling line, a ground terminal connected to the unbalanced terminal through the first coupling line, a second coupling line electromagnetically coupled to the first coupling line, a first balanced terminal connected to the second coupling line, a second balanced terminal connected to the first balanced terminal through the second coupling line, and a band-reject filter serially connected to the first coupling line to remove predetermined-band signals of high frequency signals transmitted through the first coupling line.

Abstract: A wireless communication module includes a plurality of monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuits (MMICs) for signal processing attached to the top surface of a multi-layer low temperature co-fired ceramic substrate; a planar transmission line formed on the top surface of the multi-layer substrate for communications between the MMICs; a metal base attached to the bottom surface of the multi-layer substrate and having an opening to which an antenna is attached; a plurality of vias for connecting the metal base and the planar transmission line within the multi-layer substrate to establish a uniform potential on a ground plane of the multi-layer substrate; an embedded waveguide formed in the opening surrounded with the vias within the multi-layer substrate; and a planar transmission line-to-waveguide transition apparatus for the transition of waves between the planar transmission line and the embedded waveguide.

Abstract: Provided is an electromagnetic wave transmission medium which is suited for mass production and does not affect a transmission mode. The electromagnetic wave transmission medium includes, as a main element, a flexible cylindrical tube (1) molded so that a cross-sectional shape of the cylindrical tube in a direction orthogonal to a tube axis is uniform in a direction of the tube axis. The cylindrical tube (1) includes an inner wall formed of a conductive layer having a thickness equal to or more than a skin depth. The cross-sectional shape is a circular ridge waveguide shape having a ridge (1b) which is oriented to a cylindrical axis and is symmetric with respect to a center, and the ridge (1b) has a structure to be fed with electricity.

Abstract: A balun comprises at least two asymmetric coplanar striplines, a first of the striplines coupled to a signal input, and a second of the striplines coupled to a signal output, the at least two asymmetric coplanar striplines configured in a Marchand architecture to receive an unbalanced signal and to output a balanced signal.

Abstract: A balun circuit is provided that includes a first coupling line in which an unbalanced line thereof is connected to a first terminal and a balanced line thereof is electrically connected to a second terminal, a second coupling line in which an unbalanced line thereof is electrically connected to the unbalanced line of the first coupling line and a balanced line thereof is electrically connected to a third terminal, a first transmission path that is serially connected between the balanced line of the first coupling line and a ground potential, a second transmission path that is serially connected between the balanced line of the second coupling line and a ground potential, and a third transmission path that is serially connected between the unbalanced line of the first coupling line and the unbalanced line of the second coupling line.

Abstract: A balun that includes a first conductor, a second conductor, and a third conductor. The first conductor has a first length. The first conductor also has a first end connected to a first balanced power amplifier output port. The second conductor has substantially the same first length. The second conductor also includes a first end connected to a second balanced power amplifier output port and a second end connected to a second end of the first conductor. The third conductor has substantially the same first length. The third conductor has a first end connected to an antenna port and a second end connected to a ground potential.

Abstract: A balun includes a first, second, and third metallic layers, a first dielectric layer disposed between the second and third metallic layers, and a dielectric substrate. The second metallic layer includes a first spiral line having sequentially connected first line segments and a second spiral line having sequentially connected second line segments. A first distance between each two opposite sides of a first region encircled by the innermost first line segments is greater than a second distance between each two adjacent parallel first line segments. A third distance between each two opposite sides of a second region encircled by the innermost second line segments is greater than a fourth distance between each two adjacent parallel second line segments. The third metallic layer includes a third and a fourth spiral lines. The first metallic layer and other elements as a whole are disposed on an opposite surface of the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A compact end launch transition for providing a connection between a housing having an electrical terminator and a waveguide component and associated method are described. The transition includes a having a rear side presenting a substantially flat surface to abut the housing and has a front side having an aperture. An antenna located within the body is configured to interact with the aperture to form an end launch transition. An electrical connector is in electrical communication with the antenna and exposed from the rear side of the body to connect directly to the electrical terminator. This avoids the need to use cable to connect the housing and waveguide component and provides a particularly compact device.

Abstract: A balun having a first balanced terminal, a second balanced terminal and an unbalanced terminal, includes a filter unit and a first transmission line. The filter unit is connected to the first balanced terminal, the second balanced terminal and the unbalanced terminal, and includes a low-pass filter and a high-pass filter. The first transmission line is connected between the filter unit and the first balanced terminal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to package embedded three dimensional baluns are described. In one embodiment, components of one or more baluns may be embedded in a single semiconductor substrate. Other embodiments are also described.