Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for an oil heater of a hybrid electric vehicle. The oil heater comprises a metal foam comprising a plurality of pores. The oil heater is activated during a regenerative braking event where an oil temperature is less than a predefined temperature.

Abstract: A complex protection device for blocking an abnormal state of current and voltage is disclosed. In the complex protection device, a resistive element is configured in the form of a structure and thus the resistive element has enhanced durability and surface mounting technology suitable for automation may be utilized, and a plurality of resistive elements is configured in various resistances and sizes to be optimally designed for product characteristics.

Abstract: An electric heater assembly suitable for use with molten metals, the heater employing improved heat transfer media.

Abstract: The method provides a semiconductor structure and method for forming such a structure that provides for protection for resistive layers formed within the structure from contamination from adjacent layers. By encapsulating the resistive layer in a material that is resistant to the diffusion of contaminants it is possible to protect the resistive material during the processing required to manufacture the structure.

Abstract: An electrical component which has a base body that comprises a ceramic material and at least two contact regions arranged on the base body to which terminal elements are secured, is enveloped by a protective layer containing organic constituents, and has an intermediate layer that is arranged between the base body and the protective layer and is composed of an intermediate layer material that is both hydrophobic as well as lipophobic. The intermediate layer can be advantageously composed of a fluoropolymer which is manufactured by immersing the base body into a fluid that dissolves this polymer. The moisture stability of the electrical component is critically improved by the intermediate layer. The components are particularly employed as hot-carrier thermistor temperature sensors.

Abstract: An electrical component includes a base, connector elements connected to the base, an intermediate layer on a surface of the base, and a protective layer on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer and the protective layer are produced from a same material. The material contains a solvent. The solvent has a negative affect on electrical properties of the component. The intermediate layer has a lower content of solvent than the protective layer.

Abstract: A resistor element has a ceramic substrate and a metallic resistor coated onto the substrate. The metallic resistor has varied electrical resistance depending on temperature. A pair of leads are electrically connected to the metallic resistor. A plurality of glass layers having different compositions are coated onto the metallic resistor. The second glass layer fills a hole formed in the first glass layer, thereby improving response of the resistor element. The second glass layer has a softening point lower than the first glass layer, thereby small bubbles remain dispersed in each glass layer without aggregation. An outermost glass layer is composed of a glass resisting chemicals or a glass resisting abrasion. An innermost glass layer is composed of a glass containing up to 3 percent by mole of a sum of Na.sub.2 O and K.sub.2 O.

Abstract: A rapid temperature sensor formed of a metal from the platinum group is provided. The rapid temperature sensor includes a substrate over which a platinum resistive layer is provided. A double layer, forming a passivation layer, is provided over the platinum resistive layer to prevent oxidation. The double layer includes a ceramic layer and a glass layer. The double layer prevents oxygen from reaching the platinum resistive layer even at temperatures up to 1,000.degree. C.

Abstract: A double molded over method of manufacturing a lightning arrester in which a central core 1 is made of zinc oxide in a first step, then two metal end fittings 5, 6 are molded onto the end faces and over the side thereof, and finally a coating of elastomer material 7 is molded around the side wall of the central core and over side portions of the end fittings. The core may be formed of a plurality of smaller section bars of zinc oxide regularly disposed about a longitudinal axis with the end fittings molded onto the end faces and about the sides of the end bars whose end faces are partially metallized. In a further variant, a stack of zinc oxide based pellets having the same cross-sectional area as the core in the first example, with the stack having the same overall length as the core if stiffened by thermal compression with fusible metal inserted between pairs of pellets. The stack assembly is then compressed mechanically in conjunction with heat treatment to effect very good mechanical bonding.

Abstract: A sheath heater having a heating wire embedded in a ceramic insulator such that the thermal deformation of the heating wire is substantially prevented, wherein the heating wire is formed of a nichrome-based wire having an Al-rich surface layer so as to permit forming an oxidation-protective alumina layer on the surface of the nichrome-based wire.

Abstract: A process for coating electronic elements comprises the steps of (1) forcibly impregnating an element with a liquid thermosetting resin undercoat, (2) depositing a powdered coating material on the element as a topcoat by electrostatic fluidized bed dip coating the element before the undercoat is dry, and (3) curing the resin by heating.