Abstract: A substrate changing-over mechanism in a vacuum processing apparatus which includes a substrate supporting means arranged within a vacuum tank which has at least two openings at a side wall of the tank, the openings being openable or closable by gate valves, the substrate supporting sections in upper and lower spaces and an ascending or descending driver section for driving the substrate supporting means; thereby allowing the supporting means to be stopped in a vertical direction at a plurality of predetermined positions.

Abstract: This invention relates to a vacuum processing apparatus having vacuum processing chambers the insides of which must be dry cleaned, and to a method of operating such an apparatus. When the vacuum processing chambers are dry-cleaned, dummy substrates are transferred into the vacuum processing chamber by substrates conveyor means from dummy substrate storage means which is disposed in the air atmosphere together with storage means for storing substrates to be processed, and the inside of the vacuum processing chamber is dry-cleaned by generating a plasma. The dummy substrate is returned to the dummy substrate storage means after dry cleaning is completed. Accordingly, any specific mechanism for only the cleaning purpose is not necessary and the construction of the apparatus can be made simple.

Abstract: A process chamber 25 for processing a semiconductor substrate, comprises a support for supporting a substrate 50. A gas distributor 90 provided for introducing process gas into the chamber 25, comprises a gas nozzle for injecting process gas at an inclined angle relative to a plane of the substrate 50, into the chamber 25. Optionally, a gas flow controller 100 controls and pulses the flow of process gas through one or more gas nozzles 140. An exhaust is used to exhaust the process gas from the chamber 25.

Abstract: In controlling the dryer section of a paper machine, the basis weight and moisture of the paper web, the energy fed into the drying cylinders of the dryer section and the machine speed are measured, and then the surface temperature of the drying cylinders is predicted on the basis of the measured values. At the same time, the actual surface temperature of the dryer cylinders is also measured, and if the measured value deviates from the predicted value, any defects in the drying apparatus can be detected quickly. In another aspect, a determination is made of the normal correlation between the power consumption of the drive motors of the cylinders in the drying apparatus and the machine speed. These variables are also measured, and if the correlation of the variables is deviant, it can be concluded that there is a failure in the drying apparatus. In that case it is possible to identify the dryer cylinder where the failure is by measuring the temperature of the cylinders.

Abstract: A method and an equipment for regulation of the initial part of the dryer section in a paper machine. Moisture is removed from the paper web in the press section (10) and the paper web is dried in the dryer section (R). The paper web is dried against heated faces of drying cylinders (20). The surface temperatures of the first drying cylinders (20) in the dryer section (R) are measured. The dry solids content/moisture content of the paper web (W) and the temperature of the paper web (W) before said first drying cylinders (20) are measured. In view of producing the desired running situation, based on the measurement results obtained, the surface temperatures of said first drying cylinders (20) and/or the dry solids content/moisture content and/or the temperature of the paper web (W) before said first drying cylinders (20) is/are regulated.

Abstract: A control system and method for a dryer used to dry a line of gypsum boards. The control system automates control of the dryer by measuring the amount of water used at the mixer to produce board segments and determining a desired amount of water to be evaporated for each board segment based on the measured value. The desired amount of water to be evaporated for each board segment is tracked through the production line and the total evaporation load of each dryer zone is continuously calculated based on the board segments located in the dryer zone at a given time. The dryer zone differential temperature is adjusted according to the calculated evaporation load. When a board is rejected from the board line, the desired amounts of water to be evaporated of its corresponding board segments are set to zero, thus signifying a gap.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for desolventizing particulate material having a solvent carried thereby wherein an upper indirect heating zone and a lower direct heating zone is provided. Each of the zones has a plurality of spaced apart horizontal trays for receiving particulate material. The trays define a vertical series of compartments through which the particulate material passes. Steam is provided to the particulate material indirectly in said indirect heating zone and directly in said direct heating zone are also included. An integral air tight flash chamber below the compartments enhances solvent recovery via vaporization of residual solvent from the condensed steam adhered to the particulate material traveling through the direct heating zone prior to discharge of the particulate material. The recovered residual solvent is delivered under pressure to a predetermined compartment in the direct heating zone provide heat for desolventizing the solvent-laden particulate material.

Abstract: A solid state alarm for a clothes dryer receives a line voltage signal prior to termination of the tumbling cycle to provide a series of pulses with decaying amplitudes driving a piezoelectric-type transducer. A timer terminating the series of pulses communicates with a pulse generating oscillator so as to eliminate partial pulsing at the conclusion of the alarm signal.

Abstract: A photosensitive material processing apparatus is equipped with a drying section in which a photosensitive material processed with a processing solution is conveyed by a plurality of rollers and dried by drying air from a drying air blowing device. In the photosensitive material processing apparatus, a plurality of heating rollers is disposed to form a part of the above-described plurality of rollers and whose surfaces are heated by a heat source. A control means effects on-off control for the heat source during processing of the photosensitive material to set the surface temperature of each of the plurality of heating rollers and to control the drying air blowing device to lower the surface temperature of each of the plurality of heating rollers by the drying air during a standby period. Accordingly, during the standby period, the surface temperature of each of the plurality of heating rollers is lowered forcibly by the drying air, so that overshooting is restricted.

Abstract: An electronic controller is programmed to operate in a plurality of different modes to enable the controller to be used in a variety of different models, each requiring a different operating mode. A wire harness is used to operatively couple the controller to an electric component such as a thermistor in a clothes dryer. A connector of the wire harness has terminal pins interconnected by jumper wires in a manner uniquely corresponding to the particular model in which the wire harness is used. Logic signals are coupled through the jumper wires to the controller to identify the particular model in which the controller is installed. In response thereto, the controller selects the particular operating mode corresponding to that model.

Abstract: A clothes dryer includes a drum for accommodating clothes to be dried, a heater and a fan for supplying hot air into the drum in a drying operation, and a temperature sensor sensing the temperature in the drum. A drying operation includes a drying step in which hot air is supplied into the drum and a cooling step in which the heater is deenergized. An intermittent operation is initiated upon completion of the drying operation. The intermittent operation is completed when the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor has reached a predetermined value set for preventing occurrence of creases in the clothes.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus directed, in the first preferred embodiment, to insulating a selected portion of a heat shrinkable film prior to applying heat. The insulating material is a roller applied liquid such as water which acts as a partial thermal barrier and restricts shrinkage in the coated portions of film. Portions of the film to which no insulating material is applied are shrunk to a greater extent than portions to which insulating material is applied. According to a second embodiment, a moderate amount of heat is applied by a heating plate to a portion of the film bottom. Application of greater amounts of heat subsequently shrink other portions of the film to a greater extent, and the moderately shrunk selected portion retains a smooth and wrinkle-free surface. Both embodiments are adapted to improve the quality, appearance and readability of printed portions of the film wrap.

Abstract: A computer based material processing system 10 allows for the processing of contaminated material in a manner which allows the material to be discharged into a sewage facility or placed in a landfill.