Abstract: A system and method of vehicular wireless communication over a Dedicated Short Range Communication service band is provided. The system includes a vehicle having a navigation means, a processor, and a communication means for transmitting a message via a wireless communications link. The system includes a control channel for communicating a safety message and a service channel for communicating a non-safety message. The control channel is subdivided into a contention-free period having a safety exchange interval and a contention period having a non-safety service interval. The system further includes a dedicated group manager that partitions the vehicles into groups.

Abstract: A system and method of vehicular wireless communication over a Dedicated Short Range Communication service band. The system and method include a vehicle having a navigation system, a processor, and a communication system for transmitting a message via a wireless communications link. The system and method also include a control channel for communicating a safety communication and a service channel for communicating a non-safety communication.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for detecting unauthorized movement of a moveable object where the system includes a GPS receiver, cellular modulator, processor, pager modem, sensor and two-way pager. When the system is coupled to a moveable object and is armed via the pager, the sensor is monitored by the processor to determine when a possible theft of the moveable object may be occurring. In an embodiment, the sensor is a multiple axis accelerometer. In one embodiment the accelerometer is a two axes accelerometer where the sensor detects small movements of the object is two axes. When the sensor is triggered, the processor pages the two-way pager. The processor also determines the system's location via the GPS receiver. The processor generates a message including the system's location and unique system identifier. The processor transmits the message to a monitoring center via a cellular network (and the cellular modulator).

Abstract: A disclosed vehicle control system comprises a mobile terminal that transmits a current location of the mobile terminal; a receiving portion that is installed in a vehicle and receives the current location transmitted from the mobile terminal; a vehicle location detecting portion that detects a current location of the vehicle; a controlling portion that controls a vehicle apparatus installed in the vehicle in accordance with a positional relationship between the current position of the mobile terminal received by the receiving portion and the current location of the vehicle detected by the vehicle location detecting portion; and a memory portion that stores behavioral pattern information of a user of the vehicle. The controlling portion controls the vehicle apparatus in accordance with the behavioral pattern information stored in the memory portion and the positional relationship between the current location of the mobile terminal and the current location of the vehicle.

Abstract: A portable personal convenience device carried by a person having access to a transportation vehicle is provided that includes personal convenience means for performing a non-transportation related convenience function. A passive entry device is integrated within the personal convenience means and adapted to interact with the transportation vehicle for passively gaining access thereto. The passive entry device includes a receiver for receiving an interrogating signal from an electronic control module in the transportation vehicle. A transmitter is provided for broadcasting a response signal to the electronic control module. A controller is provided for controlling the transfer of the response signal to the electronic control module in response to the interrogating signal.

Abstract: Current position of a vehicle and current time are acquired. A user recognizing unit recognizes a user. A pattern recognizing unit detects location of a portable device and movement thereof. Operation state of an engine is acquired from an engine control mechanism. Based on the information, processes are performed such as switching communication stand-by mode of the portable device to active stand-by mode, notifying the portable device of a transition of an on-board terminal to automatic locking mode, preventing needless unlocking and locking of doors, and setting warning mode of the portable device.

Abstract: A vehicle remote entry locking or unlocking chirp sound reduction system including a remote transmitter operable to transmit a signal, a receiver operable to receive the signal from the remote transmitter, a controller operably connected to the receiver and being operable in response to the signal from the remote transmitter, and a horn operably connected to the controller. The controller may be configured to cause the horn to generate an audible signal having a predetermined pulse duration which depends on at least one characteristic of a vehicle prior to or during actuation of the remote transmitter. Also provided is a method of reducing the sound of an audible signal generated by actuation of a vehicle remote entry system.

Abstract: A system is provided which is capable of controlling one or more parameters of a vehicle, such as vehicle speed or engine RPM. The system involves communication between a transmitter and a controller. The transmitter has memory containing information that corresponds to a vehicle parameter setting. The information is operatively transmitted from the transmitter to the controller. Once the controller receives the information, the vehicle parameter setting is identified by the controller. When the setting is identified, the controller may adjust at least one mechanism on the vehicle so as modify the vehicle parameter accordingly. One scenario in which the parameter modification is generally provided is if the controller determines that the vehicle parameter is exceeding the identified setting, which corresponds to the vehicle being operated at a level higher than that intended for the vehicle operator.

Abstract: A car antitheft system includes a main controller invisibly mounted on a car, and an antitheft state indicator embedded in an engine start button of the car and electrically connected to the main controller for indicating a current antitheft state of the car. With these arrangements, the engine start button serves to start the car when the car antitheft system is released, and to indicate the current antitheft state of the car when the car antitheft system is enabled and the antitheft state indicator embedded in the engine start button is lighted, so as to warn and stop a thief from invading the car.

Abstract: A transmission ECU on a transmission side and reception ECUs on a reception side are connected through communication lines and junction connectors. A delay circuit is provided in each of the junction connectors on the side of the reception ECUs. One end of the delay circuit is connected to the communication line on the side of the transmission ECU and the other end of the same is connected to the communication line on the side of the reception ECU. The communication lines on the both ends of the delay circuit are grounded through termination resistors.

Abstract: A complementary security system for installation, at least in part in a vehicle, has an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) security system installed therein. The complementary security system for communicating an alarm condition beyond the communication range of the OEM security system. The complementary security system comprising: a control module for receiving a trigger signal being indicative of the alarm condition detected by the OEM security system; a communication module for transmitting by Radio Frequency (RF) an alert signal upon receipt of the trigger signal by the control module; and a remote transmitter for alerting a user upon receipt of the alert signal. The remote transmitter being located beyond the communication range of the OEM security system. A corresponding method is also described.

Abstract: A counter increases a counted value at regular time intervals during a transmission time of a request signal Sr transmitted based on trigger signals input from a door unlocking sensor or the like. On the other hand, the counter decreases the counted value at regular time intervals during a non-transmission time of the request signal Sr. A determination unit either prohibits or permits transmission of the request signal Sr to a portable unit, based on comparison results of the counted value with a prohibition value and a lifting value.

Abstract: Automotive service equipment and method of servicing an automotive vehicle use an automotive service machine having at least one automatic mode of operation during which an operator is not required to be present. A first, stationary communication module connected to the service machine receives first signals from the machine indicating the status of an automatic mode of operation of the machine and wirelessly transmits second signals communicating when an operator's attention to the machine is required. A second, portable communication module remotely receives the second signals and in response activates a signaling device in the second module for signaling an operator that attention to the machine is required. Thereby, during vehicle servicing the operator can perform other tasks within the workshop, thus being more productive and efficient.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for computing position using a regional-terrain model is provided. The method includes obtaining from at least three satellites pseudorange measurements, computing a transitional position by using a default altitude with a large uncertainty, using this transitional position to obtain from a terrain model altitude information associated with a region, and computing an accurate three-dimensional position as a function of the pseudorange measurements and the altitude information. The region defines a boundary, and the boundary includes the transitional position.

Abstract: There are provided a communications system between a vehicle, a home and a center, a vehicle information communicating apparatus and an indoor information processing apparatus which imposes no limitation on communicating time enables bulk communication. The communications system comprises an on-board server and DSRC on-board equipment which are installed on the vehicle 10 and includes a DSRC base station 23 residing outside the vehicle which can communicate with the DSRC on-board equipment and a PC or a home server 22 residing indoors which is connected to the DSRC base station 23, the communication system having a detection apparatus installed on the vehicle and/or an indoor detection apparatus for detecting the state of the vehicle 10 and a communication activating apparatus for activating the communication of information between the on-board server and the PC or the home server 22 using the detection result of either or both of the detection apparatus.

Abstract: A vehicle remote control system is for a vehicle including a data communications bus extending throughout the vehicle, and at least one vehicle device connected to the data communications bus. The vehicle remote control system includes a remote transmitter, and a true controller at the vehicle for controlling the vehicle device via a true command on the data communications bus, and based upon the remote transmitter. The true controller also controls the vehicle device via a respective counteracting command on the data communications bus based upon detecting a rogue controller attempt to control the at least one vehicle device via a rogue command on the data communications bus. The true controller may thus counteract a rogue controller attempt to start the engine, unlock vehicle doors, roll down windows, and/or disarm the vehicle security system, for example.

Abstract: A vehicle control system is for a vehicle including a data communications bus extending throughout the vehicle, and at least one vehicle device connected to the data communications bus. The vehicle control system includes a a true controller at the vehicle for controlling the vehicle device via a true command on the data communications bus. The true controller also controls the vehicle device via a respective counteracting command on the data communications bus based upon detecting a rogue controller attempt to control the at least one vehicle device via a rogue command on the data communications bus. The true controller may thus counteract a rogue controller attempt to start the engine, unlock vehicle doors, roll down windows, and/or disarm the vehicle security system, for example.

Abstract: A management system using Global Positioning System receivers for tracking remote units from a central office and quickly and conveniently determining if those remote units have varied from a set of predetermined parameters of operation. The system also includes provisions that allows information to be sent from the remote units to the central office and vice versa. The system also has safety features that promote the rapid dispatch of law enforcement personnel when requests for emergency assistance have been made from the remote units.

Abstract: A method and system are provided in which maintenance vehicles collect information from sensors and operators, forward the collected information to a server, and, in response, receive maps and operator instructions.

Abstract: A vehicle equipment control system locks vehicle doors by any one of auto-lock and trigger lock systems. In the auto-lock system, a wide communication area is set that covers an entire vehicle compartment is set. In the trigger lock system, a narrow communication area is set that disables the communication with a portable unit carried by a user near a vehicle. When no response signal is received from the portable unit in the respective communication areas, the respective vehicle doors are locked. Accordingly, even when any one of the auto-lock and trigger lock systems is used, the portable unit is prevented from being left in the compartment, and the respective vehicle doors can be locked.

Abstract: An on-vehicle audio/video system is provided which comprises a controller, a data source and a playing device, wherein the controller comprises at least a first transmitter, and the data source comprises at least a first receiver, a first micro-controller and a second transmitter. The controller comprises at least a first RF transmitter. The data source comprises at least a first RF receiver, a first micro-controller and a second RF transmitter. The playing device comprises at least a second RF receiver. The controller sends an RF control signal to the data source and/or playing device. The first RF receiver in the data source receives the RF control signal and sends the signal to the first micro-controller for processing. The second transmitter transmits data signal and/or control signal to the playing device under the control of the first micro-controller.

Abstract: An onboard-equipment control apparatus controls activation of an onboard apparatus such as an air conditioner and termination of the operation of the onboard apparatus in order to prevent an onboard battery from running out of residual electric charge in advance. Upon detection of a state in which an onboard radio apparatus is not capable of receiving a termination command from a cellular phone or the cellular phone is not capable of transmitting a termination command to the onboard radio apparatus while the air conditioner is in operation, the onboard-equipment control apparatus forcibly terminates the operation of the air conditioner even before a termination condition is satisfied. Thus, the onboard battery can be prevented in advance from running out of accumulated electric charge required for operating the activated air conditioner thereafter.

Abstract: A method and system for determining the position of a vehicle comprises a transmitter or transceiver for transmitting a transmission signal from a vehicle to beacons associated with the work area. A data processor determines an elapsed time including at least one of a first propagation duration and a second propagation duration. The first propagation duration refers to a propagation time of the transmission signal from the vehicle to the particular beacon; the second propagation duration refers to a propagation time of a return signal from the particular beacon to the vehicle. A compensator compensates for the following associated with the transmitter and the particular beacon: bias delay, noise, and measurement error. A data processor processes the elapsed times into corresponding position curves or temporal curves to estimate a position of a vehicle at a confluence or intersection of the position curves or temporal curves.

Abstract: A vehicle-mounted receiver system includes a receiver apparatus that is controlled for receiving, in common, transmissions from a plurality of external devices such as a remote key, smart key, etc., having respectively different transmission frequencies. The receiving frequency at the current time is selected based on criteria such as the insertion/non-insertion status of the ignition key, or whether an interrogation signal has been transmitted to a specific external device so that a response transmission is be received from that device during a specific time interval and the receiving frequency is to be set accordingly during that specific interval.

Abstract: A vehicle remote control apparatus for causing a vehicle to perform a requested operation in response to a remote operation request from a vehicle user includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire information about vehicle condition of the vehicle, and an operation instruction transmission controlling unit configured to compare a remote operation requested from the vehicle user with the information about the vehicle condition, to transmit an operation instruction corresponding to the requested remote operation to the vehicle if the requested remote operation has not been performed, and to refrain from transmitting an operation instruction corresponding to the requested remote operation to the vehicle if the requested remote operation has already been performed at the vehicle and is thus not performable.

Abstract: A multi sensor detection and disabling lock system includes detector cases for holding interchangeable detectors that sample for chemical, biological and radiological compounds, agents and elements, with each detector case disposed in or upon the monitored product whereupon light alarm indicators (color coded) on the detector case light up when a specific compound or agent is detected whereupon the detector case transmits detection information to a monitoring computer terminal and transmits a signal to a lock disabler engaged to the product to lock or disable the product's lock thereby preventing untrained, unauthorized and unequipped individual's from gaining access and entry to the product, and also preventing further contamination of the area. An authorized individual resets the detection system, and the system's power source is electrical, battery or computer generated.

Abstract: A monitoring system and method for controlling access to, and especially protecting against unauthorized requests to provide input to, e.g., program, or elicit output from, a vehicular or other mobile device, such as an electronic control unit (ECU), adapted for use with the system, wherein said system, in a preferred embodiment, is configured to receive the request within a safe-zone, block its execution by the vehicle, send an objection message back to the source, and send a report to a law enforcement agency, based on the location of the source of the request.

Abstract: Each of a portable device and an in-vehicle unit is provided with respective GPS receivers to determine a portable device position and a vehicle position. The portable device transmits a response signal including the portable device position in response to a request signal of the in-vehicle unit. The in-vehicle unit, only in a case where it is determined that the portable device position included in the response signal is within a predetermined area around the vehicle position, performs control of a lock/unlock state of a vehicle door in accordance with the identification result of the ID code included in the response signal. Accordingly, it is surely prevented that the door is remotely controlled by the portable device at far distances from the vehicle.

Abstract: Described are a vehicle optical communications system and network to exchange high bandwidth optical data between vehicles or between a vehicle and a stationary host. The vehicle optical communications system includes a communications module and a sensor having pixels for detecting an image in a field of view. Each pixel can generate a pixel data signal responsive to an incident optical data signal that includes vehicle data transmitted from a remote optical transmitter. The communications module provides remote data in response to the pixel data signals. The vehicular communications system optionally includes an optical transmitter to enable bi-directional communication. Data can be transmitted through a multi-node network of vehicular communication systems deployed in vehicles or on stationary hosts located between or around the data transmitter and intended data receiver.

Abstract: A rail vehicle includes an underbody which is subjected to thrown up ballast when the rail vehicle is operating on a ballasted section of track. In at least one embodiment, the underbody is equipped with at least one acoustic signal pickup which acoustically senses ballast stones striking the underbody; a signal processing device is provided to which a signal is fed from the at least one acoustic signal pickup and which processes the signal in such a way that a thrown up ballast signal is generated which represents the impacting of ballast stones on the underbody; and the thrown up ballast signal from the signal processing device is included in a mode of operation of the rail vehicle.

Abstract: After a door of a vehicle is locked, a touch switch and a lock switch is disabled for a predetermined time period. A predetermined operation of a holder of a handheld unit to a door handle during the predetermined time period causes a device mounted in the vehicle to perform a certain function other than unlocking the door. Thus the predetermined operation solely to the door handle after the door of the vehicle is locked can serve as an instruction for the device mounted in the vehicle to execute the certain function.

Abstract: An anti-carjacking system includes a transmitter programmed to receive a selected vehicle identification number or other code for use with a car assigned with that particular number or code. The system further includes a receiver associated with the computer system of the car so identified by the selected vehicle identification number and means for disabling normal driving operation of the car. There is further provided means for sending a disable command from the transmitter to the receiver so that the particular car with the selected vehicle identification number is rendered non-operational. The system may be implemented in various embodiments including a modified car radio system and a RFID embedded license plate configuration. Methods related to vehicle operation and occupant safety are also provided.

Abstract: A remote controller for automobile trunk is disclosed, wherein a frequency receiving host device is coupled to a device or component of an anti-burglary host device that is originally installed in an automobile by an automobile maker. The frequency receiving host device is connected by a cable to a driving motor for a trunk of the automobile and is set to receive the frequency of a user-operated remote-control transmitter originally provided by the automobile maker. The frequency receiving host device, after detecting a releasing operation initiated by a signal transmitted from the remote-control transmitter to the anti-burglary host device to release an anti-burglary system of the automobile, receives a continuously transmitted signal from the remote-control transmitter, which signal extends for a predetermined period of time, and consequently the frequency receiving host device issues a control signal through the cable to the trunk driving motor to open the trunk lid.

Abstract: A vehicle on-board unit of a host vehicle is configured to communicate with other vehicle to alert the driver of a potential braking situation in a preceding vehicle. The vehicle on-board unit has an incoming message receiving section, an incoming message relevancy section and a driver warning section. The incoming message receiving section receives a preceding vehicle message containing throttle release data of a preceding vehicle located in front of the host vehicle. The incoming message relevancy section performs a relevancy determination of the throttle release data received. The driver warning section selectively alerts a driver of the host vehicle of a potential braking situation of the preceding vehicle based upon the relevancy determination.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for communicating wireless messages for controlling the functions of devices within a vehicle are provided. The apparatus comprises a first module having a first wireless control node positioned at a first location within the vehicle. The apparatus also includes a second module having a second wireless control node positioned at a second location within the vehicle. Devices are coupled to and controlled by each of the nodes. The first and second nodes are adapted to form a virtual network so that they can communicate the messages to each other for also controlling the devices. The apparatus also has a third wireless node positioned external to the vehicle. The third node is capable of becoming part of the virtual network so that the third node can communicate messages to at least one of the first and the second nodes to further control at least one of the devices.

Abstract: A remote control engine starting device includes an immobilizer and a remote engine starter for starting an engine when an engine start command is given from a remote location. The immobilizer further includes an interrogating signal outputting section, which outputs an interrogating signal when a signal related to engine starting is received, and an engine start permitting section, which gives engine start permission when a remote engine starter code that the remote engine starter outputs in response to the interrogating signal matches a remote engine starter verifying code preregistered in the immobilizer. The remote engine starter further includes an engine start signal outputting sections which outputs a signal related to engine starting and a code outputting section, which in response to the interrogating signal, outputs the remote engine starter code preregistered in the remote engine starter.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for controlling operation of a vehicle. The apparatus includes, but is not limited to, an input configured to receive an action of the operator that is indicative of the operation to be performed by the vehicle and a transmitter that is configured to send a first signal via a wireless connection with the vehicle that at least partially embodies a command for the action of the operator received by the input. In addition, the apparatus comprises a receiver configured to receive a second signal via the wireless connection with the vehicle that at least partially embodies feedback from a sensor of the vehicle indicative of the operation resulting from the command at least partially embodied by the first signal sent by the transmitter. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises an output configured to present information to the operator on the operation based at least in part on the feedback in the second signal received by the receiver.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclose for auto-steering of an auto-guided vehicle. A sensor coupled to a steering shaft detects when an operator requests control of the vehicle. The sensor then transmits information indicative of the request to one or more controllers of an auto-guidance system, which initiates a shutdown of auto-steering functions. In this way, the system quickly reverts to manual steering in an automatically guided and steered vehicle.

Abstract: There is provided a console for a vehicle. The console includes an assembly housing adapted to mount against an interior surface of the vehicle. A wireless receiver, houseable in the assembly, is adapted to receive wireless signals from at least one input video source. A display device, houseable in the assembly and operatively coupled to the wireless receiver, is adapted to reproduce the wireless signals. The wireless signals are at least one of radio frequency, infrared, and optical signals. The console may further include a processor adapted to execute applications associated with the console, and an operating system adapted to manage the applications associated with the console. The console may also include a web browser adapted to interact with one of the Internet and the World Wide Web. The console may also further includes signal processing facilities adapted to perform at least one of signal processing and signal conversion, with respect to the wireless signals.

Abstract: A method of operating a motor vehicle satellite navigation system using a motor vehicle's structure and characteristic information to calculate a best route to a desired destination. The method includes operating a graphical user interface (GUI), presenting display images for receiving input data for the desired destination and receiving satellite position data, and calculating a current location of the motor vehicle. The GUI presents a display image requesting motor vehicle structure and characteristic information. The method includes calculating and updating current best routes to a desired destination using map and POI databases comprising geographic coordinate grid and point of interest information from the current location and motor vehicle structure and characteristic information.

Abstract: A vehicle theft deterrent system includes a smart card key system. The theft deterrent system is adapted to output a warning sound from a buzzer upon detection of a vibration of a predetermined value or larger by a vibration sensor. The buzzer prevented from operating at a time of unlocking a seat or unlocking a fuel lid. When an on-board device detects that a seat unlocking switch, for example, has been operated and upon success of mutual authentication after communication with a portable electronic key, the on-board device switches the state of operation of a buzzer into a non-operable state. Therefore, when a user who carries a regular portable electronic key does not want operation of the buzzer, the buzzer can be positively switched to the non-operable state.

Abstract: A function operation warning device according to the invention includes a receiving portion that receives a control signal transmitted from an external remote transmitter; a definition portion that stores information that is used to determine whether an audible warning is generated in response to the control signal; an audible warning setting portion that stores settings concerning at least one of enable/disable of generation of the audible warning and a sound volume; a warning determination portion that determines, using the definition portion, whether the audible warning is generated, when the control signal is received; and a warning generation portion that generates the audible warning at a predetermined sound volume regardless of the settings stored in the audible warning setting portion, when the audible warning is generated as a result of determination made by the warning determination portion.

Abstract: An in-vehicle device remote control system includes a vehicle-side device, a main mobile device that returns a first response signal in response to a request signal transmitted from the vehicle-side device, and a sub-mobile device that returns a second response signal in response to the request signal. When the vehicle-side device receives the response signal, it conducts a matching process. Vehicle doors are unlocked automatically when the received response signal is determined to be either the first or the second response signal. On the other hand, the engine start is permitted only when the received signal is determined to be the first response signal.

Abstract: On condition that a holder of a portable device has manipulated an ignition switch, a main control ECU discriminates the open/closed state of a luggage compartment door. When the luggage compartment door is in the closed state, the main control ECU instructs a rear transmitter to transmit a first request signal. When the luggage compartment door is in the open state, the main control ECU instructs the rear transmitter to transmit a second request signal. A portable ECU discriminates the request signal received by a receiver. When the received request signal has been determined to be the second request signal, the portable ECU adjusts the transmission output of a response signal which is to be transmitted from a transmitter, to a second transmission output which is lower than an ordinary output.

Abstract: In a door control system, in polling collation processing, a start request signal is intermittently transmitted from a vehicle. When a human around the vehicle is detected, a start request signal is transmitted from the vehicle with high output power. A portable device returns a response signal to the vehicle. Furthermore, when the start request signal is transmitted at the high output power, the reception sensitivity is set to be lower than the normal sensitivity. When receiving the response signal from the portable device, the vehicle transmits an ID request signal, and acquires an ID code from the portable device. The ID code thus acquired is collated with each ID code registered in the vehicle. When both ID codes agree, the vehicle doors are unlocked.

Abstract: A vehicle safety lighting and signaling system includes a transmitting unit and multiple remote receiving units, each having a lighting and audible element, and that receive signals from the transmitting unit and selectively activates its signaling elements according to a predetermined signal response directed by the transmitting unit. The receiving unit includes a central processor that selectively decodes transmitted signals received from the transmitting unit and provides signals to a driver circuit that activate a visual signal, and audible signal, or both. A receiving unit may have an integral base affixed to an adjustable band, clothing or motorcycle, and that receiving unit is detachable from the base for charging and/or programming. The remote receiving units may include a band that is expandable for positioning about a cycle riders' arm or leg, and includes one or more lighting elements responsive to receiving a predetermined signal.

Abstract: A method includes detecting the parking light system of a car to achieve the theft-proof function. It can detect and learn the how many flashes, the turn on/off time in each period and the voltage value of the parking light, which is produced when using a keyless transmitter module to lock/unlock the car door. And the system can be easily installed by setting up just one line collaborating with a smart learning module with a CPU inside and without corrupting the original structure of a car.

Abstract: A portable unit locating system is incorporated in a vehicle equipment control system including a portable unit and an in-vehicle unit, which communicate each other for controlling vehicle equipment such as doors. The in-vehicle unit includes inside transmitters, a receiver, a comparison ECU and a display. The transmitters transmit respective request signals in a vehicle compartment. The comparison ECU determines whether any response signal has been received from the portable unit in response the request signals, while gradually varying output levels of the request signals. The comparison ECU then specifies a location of the portable unit based on a change in determination results. The display visually or audibly notifies the specified location of the portable unit to a vehicle user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to various improvements to digital communications and various applications of the improved digital communications.

Abstract: A smart key system for a vehicle determines that a mobile communicator is not in the passenger compartment and that an in-trunk communicator communicates with the mobile communicator when the trunk gets locked. Then the smart key system executes a recovery process for the mobile communicator locked in the trunk.