Abstract: A method for protecting an advertising sign from weathering conditions is disclosed. The method includes the operation of providing a frame configured to hold a plurality of sign segments, the sign segments having a front side and a back side each configured to carry graphical images. The front and back sides of each sign segment can be covered with a substantially transparent covering configured to enable each sign segment to be essentially undamaged by weathering effects for a period of at least seven years. The plurality of sign segments can be configured to be stacked on top of one another within the frame. The frame can be configured to enable removal and replacement of one or more of the plurality of sign segments.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to tamper detection, memorization, and indication for packaging. A method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes: detecting when the package is opened and closed; and generating an alarm if the package is opened more than once after it is initially closed to indicate that the package has been tampered with.

Abstract: A window safety and security device detects unauthorized movement of a double-hung window, sliding window, or door upon which the safety and security device is installed and communicates an alarm in response to the detecting. The device includes a housing, a suction cup affixed to or integral with the housing configured to be removably attached to an inside glass pane of a first sash of a double-hung window, sliding window or door. An electrical switch is disposed in, on or affixed to the housing for contacting a portion of a second sash when the second sash is slid to a fixed position to actuate the switch. A light or a buzzer or both communicates a detected window or door movement sufficient to cause a change of state in the switch.

Abstract: A security system is disclosed with a digital processor-based wireless remote controller that sends command to perform system operations and receive confirmation of various aspects of the system. The security system monitors environmental and vehicle system parameters and automatically provides commands or prohibits issuance of commands to operate vehicles systems based on preset environmental and vehicle system conditions. The system reports command and response status to users through the remote controller.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a system and method for unlocking and unlocking access to a device. The system comprises: a graphical user interface (GUI) module providing instructions to a microprocessor operating on the electronic device and an access management module providing instructions to the microprocessor. The GUI module provides instructions to generate on a display of the electronic device an interface for entry and modification of a tap pattern used to change an access state of the electronic device; and process inputs from an input device through the interface that select described levels of movement and described locations for expected tap signals for the tap pattern. The access management module provides instructions to receive signals from a monitoring circuit in the electronic device that processes a tap signal received from an accelerometer in the electronic device; and determine whether the tap signal completes a match for the tap pattern.

Abstract: A status detector and communication unit (20) for a padlock (10) having a body (11) and a shackle (12) at least one end (14) of which can be latched to and released from the body. The status detector and communication unit includes a casing (21) adapted to be securely retrofitted to the padlock so as to form a compact assembly without obscuring an operating mechanism (17) of the padlock, and a battery powered circuit (22) contained within the casing for co-operating with the shackle of the padlock for transmitting a signal indicative of a status of the shackle to a remote monitoring unit (93). The invention allows remote monitoring of a conventional padlock with little or no modification of the padlock.

Abstract: A battery alarm for use with a battery assembly is provided, the battery alarm including a first activation component, a signaling component, and an output component. The first activation component is configured to activate the alarm upon disengagement of the battery assembly from a battery-operated device and is further configured to deactivate the alarm upon engagement of the battery pack with the battery-operated device. The signaling component is coupled to the first activation component and is configured to transmit a signal when the alarm is activated. The output component is adapted to receive the signal from the signaling component and is configured to produce a visual, audible, and/or tactile output upon receipt of the signal from the signaling component.

Abstract: A remote door access monitoring system includes a central monitoring component and a remote monitoring component. The central monitoring component includes an optical source, an optical power level receiver, and a microcontroller. The optical power level receiver is in communication with the microcontroller. The remote monitoring component includes an optical switch that is operably associated with a door of a communications equipment cabinet. The communications equipment cabinet is located at a geographical location different from a geographical location of the central monitoring component. The optical source transmits an optical signal from the optical source to the optical switch and back to the optical power level receiver. The optical switch attenuates the optical signal in response to opening and closing of the door. The optical power level receiver is configured to detect an attenuated optical signal and then notify the microcontroller of the existence of an attenuated optical signal.

Abstract: Electrified access-control technology devices for a door, particularly electrified locks for a door, having embedded circuitry therein, and methods of making the same. One or more printed circuit boards (PCBs) having various electronic circuitry are secured inside a housing that encases an access-control device, particularly a lock, for a door. The one or more PCB(s) may be embedded on an internal surface of the housing such that the embedded PCB resides inside the housing along with the lock itself. The embedded PCB(s) avoid interference of both any working components of the lock inside the housing and any openings residing in the housing.

Abstract: A door security alarm includes an alarm housing, an alarm horn provided in the alarm housing and having a horn activation button, a housing attachment bracket carried by the alarm housing and a chain slot provided in the housing attachment bracket in general proximity to the horn activation button of the alarm horn.

Abstract: A status monitoring device for a fenestration unit is provided. The device is positioned in or on the fenestration unit and includes a panel position sensor and a lock status sensor. The device is capable of transmitting panel position data and lock status data to a remote device, trigger an audible alarm on the device or the remote device, trigger a visual alarm on the device or the remote device, or a combination of these.

Abstract: A photoelectric cell powered based security system relies on a photoelectric cell powered detector to transmit security information to a main control panel. An optional extender relays security information between a local photoelectric cell powered detector and a main control panel in the event that the local photoelectric cell powered detector is unable to directly communicate with the main control panel.

Abstract: An anti-theft device monitors objects having a shaft, strap, or similar element. The anti-theft device is comprised of a housing hingably connected to a cover. The housing and cover can move from an open position to a closed position to enclose the shaft or similar element. The housing has a first latch component and contains electronics including an arming switch on its top. When the housing and cover are moved to the closed position, the cover changes the status of the arming switch. The cover has a second latch element which combines with the first latch element on the housing to hold the housing and cover in the closed position. The anti-theft device may be armed or disarmed by a handheld remote. The latching elements may be releasably lockable and may be released by a magnet. The anti-theft device may have passcode protection capabilities.

Abstract: A communication device supports leaving a message using a communication device input interface when the device is in a locked state. The communication device may be a network telephone having a display interface and a user input interface. The communication device may be configured to transition to a locked state, store a message based on input received at the locked communication device, and present the message to an intended recipient. The message may be presented to the intended recipient upon unlocking the device (e.g., stored locally and presented when the phone is unlocked), presented to the intended recipient in accordance with communication settings (e.g., delivered to an email account, cell phone, etc.), or otherwise delivered.

Abstract: An electronic locking device secures a shipping container and includes a housing, two arms, a sensing circuit, and electronics. The pair of arms extend from the housing and couple to the hasp. The arms transition between locked and unlocked configurations relative to the hasp, with one or both of the arms pivoting relative to the other. A bolt seal locks the arms in the locked configuration. The sensing circuit, which includes sensing contacts, is in a “closed” state or “open” state depending on whether the arms are in the locked or unlocked configuration. The electronics record and report the state of the sensing circuit, thereby indicating whether the arms are locked or unlocked.

Abstract: A lock includes a case receiving a driving device having a driving member. A connecting member is connected to the driving member to move therewith. The driving device can be actuated to move the connecting member between upper and lower positions to control alignment of a distal end of a locking member and a passageway of an unlocking member. A first detecting member is mounted in the case and operatively connected to the connecting member. A second detecting member is mounted in the space and connected to a burglar alarm system. When the distal end of the locking member is misaligned with the passageway, the first detecting member is in a conductive state and turns on the burglar alarm system. When the distal end of the locking member is aligned with the passageway, the first detecting member is in a non-conductive state and turns off the burglar alarm system.

Abstract: An acoustic door latch detector is provided in which a sound recognition sensor is integrated into a door or door lock mechanism. The programmable sound recognition sensor can be trained to recognize the acoustic signature of the door and door lock mechanism being properly engaged and secured. The acoustic sensor will signal a first indicator indicating that proper closure was detected or sound an alarm condition if the proper acoustic signature is not detected within a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for monitoring and detecting movement of components of a shipping container latch. A latch monitor may embody an electromagnetic sensing unit and a nearby magnet or light emitter for measuring and characterizing the profile of a nearby electromagnetic field. The field profile is monitored to detect a change in the profile, log the change, and report any abnormal disturbance to the electromagnetic field, indicating a breach of the integrity of a latching mechanism on a shipping container. An alert of a breach event may be sent via a communication network to an authority for response. The invention can distinguish authorized, incidental, and tampering events, and also store and upload an electronic manifest for a shipping container.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for monitoring and detecting movement of components of a shipping container latch. A latch monitor may embody an electromagnetic sensing unit and a nearby magnet or light emitter for measuring and characterizing the profile of a nearby electromagnetic field. The field profile is monitored to detect a change in the profile, log the change, and report any abnormal disturbance to the electromagnetic field, indicating a breach of the integrity of a latching mechanism on a shipping container. An alert of a breach event may be sent via a communication network to an authority for response. The invention can distinguish authorized, incidental, and tampering events, and also store and upload an electronic manifest for a shipping container.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system and method for unlocking and unlocking access to a device. In the system, an access management system for an electronic device is provided. The system comprises: a sensor providing a tap signal; a monitoring circuit connected to the sensor to process aspects of the tap signal; and an access management module operating on the device receiving the tap signal from the monitoring circuit to evaluate the tap signal against a preset tap pattern and to change an access state of the device if the tap signal completes a match for the tap pattern.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus for monitoring and detecting movement of components of a shipping container latch. A latch monitor may embody an electromagnetic sensing unit and a nearby magnet or light emitter for measuring and characterizing the profile of a nearby electromagnetic field. The field profile is monitored to detect a change in the profile, log the change, and report any abnormal disturbance to the electromagnetic field, indicating a breach of the integrity of a latching mechanism on a shipping container. An alert of a breach event may be sent via a communication network to an authority for response. The invention can distinguish authorized, incidental, and tampering events, and also store and upload an electronic manifest for a shipping container.

Abstract: A lock includes a case receiving a driving device having a driving member. A connecting member is connected to the driving member to move therewith. The driving device can be actuated to move the connecting member between upper and lower positions to control alignment of a distal end of a locking member and a passageway of an unlocking member. A first detecting member is mounted in the case and operatively connected to the connecting member. A second detecting member is mounted in the space and connected to a burglar alarm system. When the distal end of the locking member is misaligned with the passageway, the first detecting member is in a conductive state and turns on the burglar alarm system. When the distal end of the locking member is aligned with the passageway, the first detecting member is in a non-conductive state and turns off the burglar alarm system.

Abstract: The invention provides a new personal security alarm system which has a reliable, non sensitive actuation mechanism. In a first aspect the inventive concept regards an alarm security device comprising an activation clasp characterized in that said alarm security device comprises a lid and a lock mechanism comprising structure and a two part-lock mechanism, wherein one part is a first protrusion fitting inside the second part, and the second part is an L-shaped recess, wherein the lid and the lock mechanism comprising structure can be transformed between three different modes.

Abstract: A pick-resistant lock system includes a locking means. The locking means includes a displacement sensor for sensing displacement so as to generate a displacement signal, the displacement sensor comprising a micro electromechanical gyroscope, a second counterpart, a second alarm, and a second control unit for receiving the displacement signal so as to start the alarm. A key includes a control switch, a second counterpart corresponding to the second counterpart, a second alarm, and a second control unit for receiving the displacement signal transmitted from the locking means so as to start the second alarm.

Abstract: An electromagnetic lock monitoring system for monitoring the strength of a magnetic field in an electromechanical lock which is created when a steel armature plate is closed against an electromagnet. The system utilizes dual Hall Effect devices positioned in such a way that both ends of the electromagnet and both magnetic fields are monitored, and that the resulting monitoring effectively covers the complete contact surface between the electromagnet and the armature plate. Preferably, the Hall Effect devices are disposed in series at the point of maximum flux density within the center element of an E-shaped electromagnetic core, at opposite ends of the core. If the magnetic flux is below a preset limit, a relay also in series drops out, triggering an alarm which may be sonic, electronic, and/or visual, as is known in the prior art.

Abstract: A container electronic seal device and a method of operating the container electronic seal device are provided. The container electronic seal device is installed on a door locking rod and a lock handle provided in a container door. The apparatus includes a body unit, a locking arm unit, and an electronic parts unit. The body unit is disposed around part of the door locking rod and part of the lock handle, and is provided with a through hole, a guide opening, and an access port. The locking arm unit rotates and fastens the lock handle inserted into the guide opening of the body unit. The electronic parts unit selectively performs locking and unlocking depending on whether a security authentication file of the external memory is normal and monitors illegitimate opening. The container electronic seal device is selectively locked and unlocked using the external memory storing a security authentication file.

Abstract: A system and apparatus are disclosed for indicating interactions between a key and a lock, and presenting this interaction information to the user. These apparatus and system are not specific to certain types of key or lock. In embodiments, the apparatus includes a number of detector switches to identify that the key has entered the lock. In other embodiments, the usage time is measured and presented to the user. In certain embodiments, the action performed with the key, ‘lock’ or ‘unlock’, is identified by a number of tilt switches or accelerometers to detect the direction of key rotation in the lock. An electric scheme and mechanical design of some apparatus embodiments are disclosed. A method for reading information by the user on the time of usage for a particular apparatus embodiment is described. A method for processing the interaction information in the form of records is also provided.

Abstract: The device has a component providing an outlet signal whose oscillation frequency depends on a physical unit to be measured, and a reference oscillator. A phase comparison component compares the component and the oscillator for control on the component or for mutual control. A synchronization unit permits alternatively blocking and oscillation of the component. A determination unit determines a derivative signal from evolution of the output signal of the component. The device also includes an electrostatic type keyboard having an electrode assembly.

Abstract: A key-operated remotely monitorable locking assembly including a key-operated lock including a lock body including a key operated locking assembly and a tamper monitorable lockable assembly which is selectably locked to the lock body by operation of the mechanical key operated locking assembly and a wireless communication circuit located in a least one of the lock body and the lockable assembly for providing a remotely monitorable indication of tampering with the lockable assembly.

Abstract: A remotely actuable refrigerator door lock has a body portion attached to the cabinet and a door portion attached to an edge of the door. A latch in the body portion engages a strike plate in the door portion and can be remotely lifted to open the refrigerator. The door lock assembly is connected to a remote host computer via a USB or ethernet connection. Temperature and/or humidity in the refrigerator is compared with a predetermined limit, and in the event the sensed value is beyond the limit, the remote opening functionality is disabled, and a microprocessor automatically generates and sends a warning message. A key lock can provide access in the event of an adverse temperature or humidity event. The host computer keeps an audit trail of the times and personnel accessing each refrigerator. The system may be used in hospital for controlling access to pharmaceuticals or may be used in a weight loss program.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification seal comprises an antenna including a main antenna portion and at least one break-away portion and an RFID tag coupled and tuned to the antenna. The RFID tag outputs a signature in response to a scanning signal when tuned to the antenna.

Abstract: A door lock indicator device is disclosed. The door lock indicator device can include a rotatable portion, a lock status display, and a switch (e.g., a button). The rotatable portion can define an opening shaped to receive a key blade. The door lock indicator device can be installed on a face of a door lock with the opening aligned with a keyhole of the door lock. Rotating a key blade within a keyway of the door lock can cause the rotatable portion to rotate with the door lock's cylinder. The lock status display can include a first indicator light and a second indicator light. Activating the switch can cause the lock status display to indicate a direction of a most recent rotation of the rotatable portion and/or a locked or unlocked status of the associated door lock.

Abstract: Disclosed is an easy-to-retrofit, electronically controlled door lock system designed to change or expand functions of a door lock without having to replace the door lock as a whole. The door lock system includes a door lock 100 for locking and unlocking a door in response to an input signal from a key means, the door lock having predetermined inherent functions, and a function expanding device 200 having additional functions other than the predetermined inherent functions of the door lock, the function expanding device being replaceably attached to the door lock.

Abstract: A child restraint warning system configured to be secured to a child seat/carrier having a base, a seat detachably connected to the base, where the child seat/carrier includes a harness configured to be releasably secured with a latch. When the seat is secured on the base a seat position sensor sends a signal to a control unit positioned on the back of the seat. The control unit is switched into an active status for detecting an unlocked condition of the harness latch. A first series of audible warning signals is produced by the control unit if the latch remains unlocked for a pre-determined period of time. If the latch continues to be in an unlocked condition after the first series of warning signals the control unit generates a second series of signals, which can be spoken messages pre-programmed by the user.

Abstract: A tamper-proof electronic security seal which includes a bolt and a locking element and an electronic seal element. The bolt has a head and a hollow shank extending therefrom having a longitudinal bore formed therein. The shank is dimensioned to pass through a lock hasp and has a free end formed for locking engagement with the locking element. The electronic seal element is formed for mechanical connection to the bolt head, and includes an electrical power source, a control unit, communications means responsive to the control unit and a sensor adapted for insertion into the longitudinal bore of the shank, and connected to the control unit. In response to a severing of the shank and the sensor inserted therein, the control unit is operative to activate the communications means to emit an alarm signal.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is an anti-intrusion system for protecting electronic components (3) including a substrate (2) on which the electronic components are placed. A conducting enclosure (1) encapsulates the electronic components on the surface of the substrate (2). The system also includes a warning device. The system includes a transmitting antenna on the surface of the substrate (2), and a capacitive electromechanical microswitch. The microswitch is linked to the warning device by a signal line, so as to be able to activate it.

Abstract: The present invention addresses deficiencies of the art in respect to commercial asset control and provides a novel and non-obvious system and device for monitoring access to controlled areas. In one embodiment of the invention, the device can include a securing mechanism having an open state and a closed state. The device can further include a housing coupled with the securing mechanism, the housing comprising a radio frequency-opaque material, wherein the housing completely encloses a volume when the securing mechanism is in the closed state and wherein the housing includes an opening when the securing mechanism is in the open state. The device can further include an electronic marker located inside the volume of the housing, wherein the electronic marker periodically emits a signal.

Abstract: An exit alarm system housed in an escutcheon for activating upon movement of an interior latch operator. The system is mounted to the interior side of a door with a latch assembly including an interior latch operator. The system may include an alarm, a trigger, and an electronic module. The trigger is responsive to movement of the interior latch operator. The electronic module may be electrically connected to a power source for providing an input signal to the alarm. Upon motion of the interior latch operator, the trigger may cause the electronic module to send an activating input signal to the alarm. The alarm may be a sound transducer. A switch may be provide to arm the system. A tamper switch may be provided to cause the electronic module to activate the alarm upon removal of the escutcheon. The system may be applied to retrofit an existing door.

Abstract: The present invention is an alarm system that includes a dual technology motion sensor. The dual technology sensor includes a PIR sensor with a PIR detection pattern and a Doppler microwave frequency motion detector with a detection pattern wider than that of the PIR sensor. The microwave detector's processing circuitry distinguishes motion beyond the PIR detection pattern, and limits the microwave detector's field of view to match the PIR detector's detection pattern. The microwave detector has a transmitting antenna, two receiving antennas, and processing circuitry for processing received signals. The microwave detector's processing circuitry uses phase information from the two receiving antennas to distinguish motion beyond the PIR detection pattern.

Abstract: A system and method by which a portable, personal storage container can be secured and protected using the owner's fingerprint is herein disclosed. While the features of the invention can be incorporated into almost any type of physical container, it is most likely to be envisioned to be incorporated into a wallet, purse, sack or eyeglass case. The invention relies on a biometric sensor that recognizes the owner's fingerprint, and unlocks the container when a match is presented. In addition to physical storage and security, the invention also provides electronic storage for computer files such as electronic files, documents, photos and the like via an integral computer connector. Finally, the invention is provided with a proximity sensor that detects when it has been moved more than a preset distance away from the rightful owner. This feature thus provides security against theft.

Abstract: A tumbler-type lock apparatus for use with a tumbler-type card key having a code pattern region including an array of holes and non-hole portions that expresses a key code of the tumbler-type card key. The tumbler-type lock apparatus includes a slider case and a slider movable relative to the slider case when the tumbler-type card key is inserted into the tumbler-type lock apparatus. Tumblers extending in the slider case and slider each correspond to one of the holes or non-hole portions. Springs bias the tumblers towards the slider. The tumbler-type lock apparatus verifies the tumbler-type card key when the tumblers are engaged with the slider case and slider during insertion of the tumbler-type card key. The slider includes accommodation portions. A distal end of the tumbler that has passed through the corresponding hole of the tumbler-type card key is accommodated in the corresponding accommodation portion.

Abstract: A door lock assembly having a housing; a lock sub-assembly which includes, among other members, a bolt and a bolt safety; a user interface member; a secondary electrochemical cell and/or capacitor; and an inertia charger and/or solar cell.

Abstract: A non-defeatable magnetically actuatable switch device is shown and described for restricting access to industrial controls. The non-contact switch device employs one or more non-contact access switches, and an access key removably disposed in close proximity to each access switch. Removal or installation of an access key alters the electrical state of a corresponding access switch. A connected control unit determines a mode of operation, or grants permissions, based on the combination of access keys that are present or absent from the device. A lockable or sealable cover is provided over the access keys to limit unauthorized access. A tamper detection switch is also provided for the sole purpose of identifying foreign magnetic sources in the vicinity of the access switches to ensure that the device is non-defeatable.

Abstract: Methods and devices provide for lock interaction with software in order to facilitate access to a vault in a cash handling device and display of a transportation utility interface. A user may access an electromechanical lock on a cash handling device. The lock may determine whether the user is authorized. If unlocked, access may be provided to a transportation utility interface and to a vault that may contain currency in order to facilitate removal and transportation of the currency. If desired, stackers in the cash handling device may automatically transfer the currency to a container in the vault after the lock is unlocked. The vault may be subsequently closed, access to the transportation utility interface may be disabled, and the lock may be re-locked.

Abstract: A padlock includes a lock body, a lock shackle having two ends respectively inserted into a respective shackle hole in the lock body, two actuation members, two latches, a lock cylinder having a core inserted in between the actuation members and rotatable with a predetermined key to drive the actuation members in moving the latches to lock the lock shackle, and an alarm control device affixed to the lock body for causing a buzzer to buzz upon a vibration.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a novel system for signaling intrusion of a protected space to a remotely located user. The system includes a lock mechanism and a sensor module that detects an unlocked state of the lock mechanism and in response sends out a signal to a central unit. The central unit then communicates to a remote device that indicates intrusion upon receiving the signal. The central unit and the remote device can be incorporated into one unitary system. Alternatively, the central unit can be integrated within the lock mechanism.

Abstract: An electronic security seal (e-Seal) is disclosed. The e-Seal monitors security of shipments including intermodal containers, reports tampers in real-time, monitors environmental status of goods and reports exceptions in real-time, and reports the location of the shipment with high frequency. The security monitoring complies with the ISO 17712 standard, adding electronic real-time reporting of tamper time and location and LED tamper indication. The e-Seal can be manufactured and operated at low cost due to diagnostic and logistic features. The e-Seal supports low cost upgrades due to a modular architecture allowing a plug-in update of separate functions. The e-Seal allows flexible usage across supply chain tradelanes, due to highly programmable operation including over-the-air remote programming via wireless communications. The e-Seal provides low power operation to save battery usage and lower costs.

Abstract: A security system for monitoring a door movably disposed within a frame a lock adjustable between a locked configuration and an unlocked configuration and a lock sensor configured to generate a signal when the lock adjusts to the unlocked configuration. A door sensor is configured to generate a signal when the door displaces with respect to the frame and an alarm device is configured to provide an alarm. A control is coupleable with the lock and door sensors and is switchable between armed and disarmed modes. The control is configured to operate in the armed mode such that the control activates the alarm when the control receives the door sensor signal prior to a receipt of the lock sensor signal. Alternatively, the control switches to the disarmed mode when the control receives the lock sensor signal prior to a receipt of the door sensor signal.

Abstract: A door lock indicator device is disclosed. The door lock indicator device can include a rotatable portion, a lock status display, and a switch (e.g., a button). The rotatable portion can define an opening shaped to receive a key blade. The door lock indicator device can be installed on a face of a door lock with the opening aligned with a keyhole of the door lock. Rotating a key blade within a keyway of the door lock can cause the rotatable portion to rotate with the door lock's cylinder. The lock status display can include a first indicator light and a second indicator light. Activating the switch can cause the lock status display to indicate a direction of a most recent rotation of the rotatable portion and/or a locked or unlocked status of the associated door lock.

Abstract: A deadbolt lock reminder system includes a normally closed deadbolt detector switch which supplies power to a proximity detector to detect a presence of a person in a vicinity of a door whenever the dead bolt is detected not to be in a locked position. When the person leaves the vicinity of the door, the proximity detector switches into a “person no longer detected” mode thereby triggering an alarm. The sounding of the alarm will remind the person to return to lock the dead bolt. The alarm sounds for a fixed duration while the person is still within earshot of the alarm.