Abstract: A radar system includes radars and a controller. The controller controls waveform patterns of the radars. As a signal processing unit of each of the radars receives an instruction from the controller, the signal processing unit selects a frequency modulation pattern of a VCO between an FM-CW mode and a CW mode stored in a waveform memory to perform mode switching, and then outputs a radio wave from a transmission antenna. Then, the controller instructs each signal processing unit for a frequency modulation pattern of each radar or an output timing of each pattern so that a time, at which continuous wave signals output from the radars have the same frequency, is not continuous.

Abstract: A locating system, includes at least one initiator configured to operate at a first clock frequency, and to transmit a measurement signal including a first preamble; and at least one transponder configured to operate at a second clock frequency, to receive the measurement signal, and to transmit a response signal to the initiator, the response signal including a second preamble. The initiator is further configured to calculate, based on the response signal, a distance between the initiator and the transponder for determining a location of the transponder.

Abstract: A signal processing unit for accurately estimating from a time-domain signal at least one frequency and corresponding amplitude of at least one complex exponential is provided. The signal processing unit is configured to transform the time-domain signal into a frequency-domain signal, and to detect at least one peak frequency of the frequency-domain signal. The signal processing unit is further configured to determine at least one frequency band of interest corresponding to the at least one peak frequency, and to determine at least one signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the at least one frequency band of interest. The signal processing unit is further configured to perform at least one subsequent time-domain processing step for accurately estimating the at least one frequency and corresponding amplitude of the at least one complex exponential using the at least one frequency band of interest and/or the at least one signal-to-noise ratio.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring a distance in a wireless environment are provided, in which a first device transmits a distance measurement signal to a second device and receives at least one response signal for the distance measurement signal from the second device, matches the received response signal with a reference signal to detect an earliest response signal, and calculates a time taken from the transmission of the distance measurement signal to the second device and the reception of the response signal from the second device using a peak value of the matched reference signal.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a first cold noise source, a first radiometer receiver, and a first detector. The first cold noise source generates a first thermal radiation signal having a first carrier frequency band. The first thermal radiation signal carries a first information signal. The first cold noise source also transmits the first thermal radiation signal through a first antenna. The first radiometer receiver receives the first thermal radiation signal through a second antenna, and the first detector extracts the first information signal from the first thermal radiation signal.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an radar apparatus includes a signal processor, a transmitting unit, an antenna, a first receiving unit, and a second receiving unit. The signal processor generates first or second pulses, and generates a control signal having first or second states. The transmitting unit converts the first and second pulses into first and second transmission pulses. The antenna radiates the first and second transmission pulses and receives reflection pulses to generate a reception signal. The first receiving unit includes first and second receiving circuits which processes the reception signal to generate first and second processed signals, respectively, and outputs one of the first and second processed signals depending on the state of the control signal. The second receiving unit processes the one of the first and second processed signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for locating at least one mobile radio subscriber in a mobile radio network, wherein to each transmitting station a value correlated with the receive field strength of a signal from this transmitting station is allocated; including the following steps: a) from the information determined upon connection setup, a table is created per cell, in which at least one distance parameter to the transmitting station of the cell is allocated to the respective receive field strengths; b) for at least one value correlated with the receive field strength and transmitted in the measurement report, the allocated distance parameter to the transmitting station of the respective cell is read out from the table created in step a); and c) determining at least one point satisfying the distance parameter(s) read-out in step b).

Abstract: In a system, a detecting module cyclically detects positional information of reflection points of received echoes. A sampling module cyclically samples, from the detected reflection points for each cycle, first and second reflection points. The first and second reflection points are expected to be reflection points of the respective first and second reflective portions of a moving object in front of the system. A first determining module determines whether a distance between the first and second reflection points varies over time. A second determining module determines that the first and second reflection points correspond to reflection points of the respective first and second reflective portions of a single moving object when it is determined that the distance between the first reflection point and the second reflection point is substantially invariant over time.

Abstract: A radar system tracks targets, and for each target determines the maximum acceleration of the target which can be tracked. The target acceleration is compared with the maximum acceleration that the radar can maintain in track, and if the decision is that the radar cannot maintain track, the radar data rate is increased, at least for that target. In at least some cases in which the target acceleration is such that the target can be maintained in track, the data rate for that target is decreased.

Abstract: Methods for estimating a distance between an originator and a transponder, methods for calculating a fine time adjustment in a radio, computer-readable storage media containing instructions to configure a processor to perform such methods, originators used in a system for estimating a distance to a transponder, and transponders used in a system for estimating a distance to an originator. The methods utilize fine time adjustments to achieve sub-clock cycle time resolution. The methods may utilize offset master clocks. The methods may utilize a round-trip full-duplex configuration or a round-trip half-duplex configuration. The method produces accurate estimates of the distance between two radios.

Abstract: Provided is a range finder. The range finder comprises a light-emitting unit, a light-receiving unit, a reflection mirror, an actuator, and a controller. The light-emitting unit emits a light pulse, and a light-receiving unit detects reflected light incident thereto. The reflection minor reflects the light pulse emitted from the light-emitting unit to a measurement space, and reflecting the reflected light reflected by an object in the measurement space so that the reflected light is incident to the light-receiving unit. The actuator allows the reflection minor to move. The controller obtains distance information from a signal detected by the light-receiving unit, and obtains location information from the actuator.

Abstract: A conduit survey apparatus having a carriage capable of movement axially down a conduit. The carrier includes a radio frequency (RF) signal generator and an RF signal detector positioned on the carriage along with a controller controlling the signal generator and signal detector. The carrier further includes a waveguide with an open throat transmitting signals from the signal generator and directing received signals to the signal detector. Finally, the carrier includes a waveguide positioner mounted on the carrier and adapted to selectively engage an interior wall of the conduit, wherein the waveguide guide is connected to the positioner such that the open throat of the waveguide is within about 1 inch of the interior wall when the positioner engages the interior wall.

Abstract: The radar includes a PCB having a top surface and a bottom surface, and a processor mounted on the bottom surface of the PCB. The radar includes a second liquid crystal polymer layer formed on the top surface of the printed circuit board, a second microstrip array printed on the second liquid crystal polymer layer, the second microstrip array having a patch, a first liquid crystal polymer layer formed on the second liquid crystal polymer layer, a first microstrip array printed on the first liquid crystal polymer layer, the first microstrip array having a perforated patch, an antenna positioned underneath the patch and connected to the second microstrip array, and a transmit/receive module connected to a bottom surface of the second liquid crystal polymer layer and configured to transmit a first frequency signal to the first microstrip array and a second frequency signal to the second microstrip array.

Abstract: A method and apparatus of determining a wave height directional spectrum of an ocean wave field using the intermediate-frequency (IF) signal from marine radars with a rotating antenna, using either a fully coherent or a standard non-coherent transmitter/receiver modified for coherent-on-receive use. The method may include receiving the IF radar ocean surface echo signal for a series of transmit pulses, at a sequence of azimuthal antenna positions, and a number of antenna rotations covering several minutes, then generating a matrix of complex IF signal samples from these, deriving phases for each sample, generating the difference in phase for consecutive azimuths, then Doppler shifts, and finally radial velocities.

Abstract: A method, a radar image registration manager, and a set of instructions are disclosed. A primary sensor interface 430 may receive a primary sensor image and a camera model of the primary sensor image. A data storage 420 may store a digital elevation model. A processor 410 may automatically align the primary sensor image with the digital elevation model.

Abstract: The invention relates to an imaging method with synthetic aperture for determining an incident angle and/or a distance of a sensor from at least one object in space, wherein at each of a number of aperture points one echo profile is sensed. Advantageously, for several angles assumed as the incident angle, one phase correction value and/or one distance correction value is calculated, adapted profiles are generated based on the echo profiles by adapting the phase with the phase correction value for each assumed angle and/or by shifting the distance with the distance correction value, for the assumed angle, the adapted profiles are summed or integrated, and a probability distribution is derived, and a probability value for the incident angle and/or for the distance is determined therefrom. A determination of the incident angle is also possible independently of the distance, wherein it is possible to only consider velocities or accelerations.

Abstract: Systems and methods to use radar systems for radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. In one embodiment, radar systems are adapted to use RFID communications protocols and methods to enhance the usefulness of radar systems beyond the determination of the presence, distance, direction and/or speed of a vehicle or object, to additionally include the transmission of data such as object identification and additional messages or data.

Abstract: A method and RFID tag for locating RFID tags. A passive RFID tag A receives a polling command transmitted from a RFID reader and addressed to another passive RFID tag B. The RFID tag A determines that the polling command is not addressed to the RFID tag A and consequent1y, at time t1, switches the RFID tag A to a catching mode for catching echos from other tags. The RFID tag A receives at time t3>t1 an echo of a message sent by the RFID tag B to the RFID reader. The RFID tag A determines a distance (D.t2t) between the RFID tag A and the RFID tag B based on t3 minus t1. The distance D.t2t does not exceed a specified radius limit and the identification of the RFID tag B and the distance D.t2t are stored in a database within the RFID tag A.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting objects located underground. In one advantageous embodiment, a detection system detects objects having electrical non-linear characteristics located underground. The detection system comprises a transmitter unit, a receiver, and a processor. The transmitter transmits a plurality of pulsed radio frequency signals having a first frequency and a second frequency into a ground. The receiver monitors for a response radio frequency signal having a frequency equal to a difference between the first frequency and a second frequency, wherein the response radio frequency signal is generated by an object having the non-linear conductive characteristics in response to receiving the plurality of electromagnetic signals. The processor is connected to the transmitter unit and the receiver, wherein the processor controls an operation of the transmitter unit and the receiver, wherein the object is detected when the response radio frequency signal is detected by the receiver.

Abstract: In a method for aiding aircraft landing using a GPS and an MLS within the context of a computed axial approach, the method uses coordinates of an azimuth antenna and/or of an elevation antenna as a reference point for the computation of a position of the aircraft in a reference frame centered on the landing runway. This position of the aircraft is thereafter used to determine an angle of azimuth between a longitudinal axis of the landing runway and the aircraft.

Abstract: A high-precision distance measuring with a reduced error in a distance measuring system which calculates a distance from an arrival time of each pulse signal constituting a pulse sequence is provided. For an oscillator which generates pulse signals by counting the number of pulse signals constituting a received pulse sequence, a relative time difference between a transmitting device and a return device is acquired, a distance from the transmitting device to the return device is calculated, and the calculated distance is corrected based on the calculated relative time difference.

Abstract: Microwave antenna for a level indicator, with an antenna cavity having a radiating aperture which can be closed with an HF-permeable disk that is fixed in position within the antenna cavity by means of a snap ring, and at least one sealing component is provided to seal the transitional area between the disk and the microwave antenna.

Abstract: A radar parking detection system with a Ultra Wide Band (UWB) detection and transmission system including a hardened radar device placed in the vicinity of a parking space to be monitored by using measurements of time delays observed in the reflection of radio waves reflected from objects in the proximity of the transmitted waves and further including a hardened electronic sensor using (UWB) frequencies to determine the presence or absence of a vehicle in the parking space at close range; and a radio transmitter using multiple data transmission to limit the amount of lost data and to communicate changes in status of the parking space.

Abstract: A method for collaborative navigation between two or more platforms is provided. The method comprises establishing a communication link between a first platform and a second platform, making a sensor measurement from the first platform, updating state and covariance elements of the first platform, and transmitting the updated state and covariance elements from the first platform to the second platform. A conditional update is performed on the second platform to compute a new estimate of state and covariance elements on the second platform, which takes into account the measurement from the first platform. The method further comprises making a sensor measurement from the second platform, updating state and covariance elements of the second platform, and transmitting the updated state and covariance elements from the second platform to the first platform.

Abstract: A method and device for assisting in driving a vehicle, particularly a motor vehicle, having a surroundings detector for detecting at least a partial area of the surroundings of the vehicle, an output device for the output of information concerning the vehicle surroundings obtained from the surroundings detection to a driver, and an evaluation unit for determining a risk level based on the vehicle-surroundings information. To facilitate driving of the vehicle, it is provided that at least a portion of the vehicle-surroundings information provided for determining the risk level, and the risk level determined by the evaluation unit are output continuously by the output device to the driver during operation of the vehicle.

Abstract: A radio frequency signal oscillator and an intermediate frequency signal oscillator are incorporated in a communication processing device, and a carrier wave with which an intermediate frequency signal is overlapped is generated using the oscillators and transmitted from an antenna. Mixers separate and extract an I signal and a Q signal from the intermediate frequency signal in the signal received by the antenna. A phase difference detector detects a phase difference of the intermediate frequency signal in a reflected wave to the intermediate frequency signal in the carrier wave using the I signal and the Q signal after the reception of the reflected wave from a tag is started. A distance calculator calculates a distance from the antenna to the tag using the phase difference and a wavelength of the intermediate frequency signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining proximity of a headset relative to its base. A plurality of frequency swept RSSI signals are measured and processed to determine a near status or a far status of the headset relative to its base. In one example, a peak RSSI signal is identified in the plurality of frequency swept RSSI signals. The peak RSSI signal is compared to a near/far threshold RSSI value to generate a near status or far status indication.

Abstract: A high-frequency module is for fill level measuring and for use at frequencies of more than 75 GHz. The high-frequency module comprises a microwave semiconductor, a printed circuit board and a housing bonded to the printed circuit board. In order to reduce the power required, operation of the microwave semiconductor takes place in a pulsed manner.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a radar signal processing device, which includes an amplitude value change determiner for determining, among amplitude values of a series of reception data, an increase/decrease tendency of a predetermined number of amplitude values of the reception data, and a filter processor for filtering the reception data based on the determination result.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for remote detection and monitoring of concealed objects are disclosed. According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes one or more transmitting antennae, one or more receiving antennae with a plurality of receiving channels, a pulse sequence generator providing a sequence of pulse signals to the one or more transmitting antennae, and a signal processing unit receiving a sequence of return signals from an object reflecting the sequence of pulse signals. The signal processing unit includes a variable delay generator that receives signal profile of the sequence of pulse signals from the pulse sequence generator, an amplifier that amplifies the sequence of return signals, a multi-channel integrator that integrates the plurality of receiving channels and produces integrated multi-channel signals, and an analog multiplexer that multiplexes the integrated multi-channel signals.

Abstract: A non-contact motion sensor comprising a radar detector that includes a first antenna, a second antenna that is orthogonal to the first antenna and a third antenna that is orthogonal to the first antenna and the second antenna. The non-contact motion sensor further includes a control that collects and analyzes signals that are received from the radar detector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for determining a distance between a wireless transceiver and a wireless receiver arranged to communicate with each other in a wireless communication network, the wireless receiver having an active and an inactive reception state, the method comprising transmitting, with the wireless receiver in the active reception state, a first transmission signal, receiving a first reflection signal, the first reflection signal being a reflection of the first transmission signal and influenced by the active reception state of the wireless receiver, transmitting, with the wireless receiver in the inactive reception state, a second transmission signal, receiving a second reflected signal, the second reflection signal being a reflection of the second transmission signal and influenced by the inactive reception state of the wireless receiver, and determining a distance between the wireless transceiver and the wireless receiver based on the second reflection signal.

Abstract: A radio frequency identification (RFID) component receives a data stream from at least one RFID tag. A controller can integrate and/or embed at least one of the following, 1) middleware that filters the data stream associated with the RFID component, 2) RFID software that provides RFID component software functionality, and 3) a smart component that connects to the RFID component.

Abstract: The vehicle-use collision mitigation apparatus includes a function of calculating a TTC indicative of a time remaining before collision with a forward obstacle on the basis of the distance to this obstacle and the reference speed therebetween, a function of alarming a driver of the vehicle of presence of a risk of collision with the obstacle if the TTC is shorter than a predetermined first time, a function of increasing a braking force generated by a braking operation performed by the driver if the TTC is shorter than a predetermined second time not longer than the predetermined first time, and a function of automatically generating a braking force if the TTC is shorter than a predetermined third time shorter than the predetermined first time. The alarming function is configured to make an alarm for a driver of a following vehicle that the preceding vehicle may decelerate abruptly.

Abstract: A method (e.g., a method for measuring a separation distance to a target object) includes transmitting an electromagnetic first transmitted signal from a transmitting antenna toward a target object that is a separated from the transmitting antenna by a separation distance. The first transmitted signal includes a first transmit pattern representative of a first sequence of digital bits. The method also includes receiving a first echo of the first transmitted signal that is reflected off the target object, converting the first echo into a first digitized echo signal, and comparing a first receive pattern representative of a second sequence of digital bits to the first digitized echo signal to determine a time of flight of the first transmitted signal and the echo.

Abstract: A method and a device for the spatially resolved detection and reconstruction of objects using microwaves is described, in which at least one object to be detected is subjected to microwaves that are generated by a plurality of microwave antennas and microwave fractions reflected by the object are detected and converted into microwave signals that can be analyzed, based on which an analysis for the spatially resolved object detection is carried out.

Abstract: The invention relates to a database and a method of generating a database containing topographical information on obstacles distributed over a geographic area subdivided into cells. The method includes reading topographical data obtained from heterogeneous sources. Topographical data are generated which relate to pointlike obstacles from the information collected from the topographical data. Topographical data are generated which relate to linear obstacles from the information collected from the topographical data. The obstacle database is created. Each cell contains a link to the obstacles whose coordinates in the geographic area covered by the cell are recorded with an uncertainty value. In particular, the invention applies to the generation of a database on board an aircraft.

Abstract: A distance measuring apparatus comprising a transmission antenna to radiate a transmission radio wave; a reception antenna to receive a reflected signal from a target; an analog-to-digital converter to perform an analog-to-digital conversion for converting a reception signal; and a signal processing unit to process the converted signal and to detect the target, in which a transmission frequency of the transmission radio wave to be radiated is switched at a timing synchronized with a sampling frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion, the transmission frequency is switched in accordance with an arbitrary pattern within a frequency band, and the reception signal is rearranged in order on the basis of the arbitrary pattern at a time of the transmission to then be subject to a radar signal processing.

Abstract: A multilateration system and method includes a plurality of receiver stations for receiving signals from an aircraft, and a controller that derives the position of the aircraft by applying a multilateration process to outputs from the receiver stations. For this purpose, the controller determines the altitude of the aircraft and selects a multilateration process that is to be used for position determination, based on the determined altitude.

Abstract: Example embodiments presented herein relate to solutions for analyzing and/or classifying microwave scattering data. The analyzing and/or classifying may be utilized for estimating an internal condition in an enclosed volume.

Abstract: A UWB measuring device, in particular a hand-held positioning device, includes at least one signal-generating unit for generating at least one first UWB measuring signal, which is intended for a UWB measurement. The signal-generating unit is provided for generating a second measuring signal that differs from the first UWB measuring signal in at least one signal parameter. The second measuring signal is intended to detect a distance from an examination object and/or contact with the examination object.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for determining relief on a granule filling surface in a petrochemical reactor, the filling direction in which the reactor is filled defining a vertical direction, the reactor having a central vertical axis, the system including a transmitter configured to be positioned above the filling surface in such a manner as to transmit a signal to various points of said surface. The system includes shift means for shifting the transmitter about the central axis of the reactor through an angle that is great than 60°.

Abstract: An object detecting apparatus including: an object detecting device that causes electromagnetic waves to be reflected from an object and receives the reflected waves to detect the object while scanning a predetermined scan range; a rotating device that changes a direction of the object detecting device; an imaging device that captures images; a display device that displays an image captured by the imaging device; a setting device that sets the scan range of the object detecting device on the image displayed by the display device; and a control device that instructs the rotating device to rotate the object detecting device based on the set scan range, and instructs the object detecting device to scan the scan range.

Abstract: A model-based approach to estimating wall positions for a building is developed and tested using simulated data. It borrows two techniques from geophysical inversion problems, layer stripping and stacking, and combines them with a model-based estimation algorithm that minimizes the mean-square error between the predicted signal and the data. The technique is designed to process multiple looks from an ultra wideband radar array. The processed signal is time-gated and each section processed to detect the presence of a wall and estimate its position, thickness, and material parameters. The floor plan of a building is determined by moving the array around the outside of the building. In this paper we describe how the stacking and layer stripping algorithms are combined and show the results from a simple numerical example of three parallel walls.

Abstract: A microwave sensor assembly includes at least one probe including an emitter configured to generate an electromagnetic field from at least one microwave signal. The emitter is also configured to generate at least one loading signal representative of a loading induced within the emitter by an object positioned within the electromagnetic field. The microwave sensor assembly also includes a signal processing device coupled to the at least one probe. The signal processing device includes a linearizer configured to generate a substantially linear output signal based on the at least one loading signal.

Abstract: A measurement agent for measuring a distance from the agent to a tag may include a transmitter and receiver for transmitting and receiving radio wave signals. The agent is arranged for changing the agent transmitter from a particular state wherein the agent transmitter transmits a particular radio wave interrogation signal towards a further state determined by the agent wherein the agent transmitter transmits a further radio wave interrogation signal when a signal behaviour of a received radio wave response signal changes. Further, the measurement agent includes a counter for determining a time period between transmittance of a first radio wave interrogation signal and receipt of a radio wave response signal having a predetermined signal behaviour. The agent also includes a processor for computing a distance between the agent and the tag, based on the determined time period and a multiple number of radio wave interrogation signals.

Abstract: Methods for estimating a distance between an originator and a transponder, methods for calculating a fine time adjustment in a radio, computer-readable storage media containing instructions to configure a processor to perform such methods, originators used in a system for estimating a distance to a transponder, and transponders used in a system for estimating a distance to an originator. The methods utilize fine time adjustments to achieve sub-clock cycle time resolution. The methods may utilize offset master clocks. The methods may utilize a round-trip full-duplex configuration or a round-trip half-duplex configuration. The method produces accurate estimates of the distance between two radios.

Abstract: A method and a radio beacon for determining a distance of a vehicle passing a radio beacon of a road toll system, from beacon. The vehicle is equipped with an onboard unit, which emits a signal with a known curve of its frequency over time. The method includes receiving the signal in the radio beacon during passage of the vehicle and recording a curve of its frequency over time in relation to the known frequency curve; detecting a change in the recorded frequency curve exceeding a predetermined threshold value; looking for two far regions in the frequency curve lying before and after the detected change in time and showing a frequency change below a threshold value; scaling the recorded frequency curve in such a manner that the far regions assume predetermined values; and determining the said distance from a gradient of the scaled frequency curve in an inflection point thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of implementing operations involving the processing a radio-communication frame (CMF) in a system comprising at least three radio transmitter/receiver devices (1-5), consisting in transmitting the frame in response to a first request signal (REQ1) transmitted by a device belonging to the system (1). According to the invention, the frame is processed in the device (1) that transmitted the first request signal (REQ1) as well as in other devices belonging to the system (1, 3-5) which transmitted respective request signals (REQ2-REQ4) within a pre-determined time period.

Abstract: First and second devices having clocks which may have different clock rates. Obtaining a measure of the distance of propagation of a signal passing between the devices involves transmitting a first signal 12 from the first device to the second device. After a turnaround time TAT, a second signal 14 is transmitted from the second device to the first device. Any error in the clocks may lead to an error in the measurement of the turnaround time TAT. One device contains circuitry to calculate the ratio of the clock rates of the first and second devices, either by adjusting frequency divider ratios until there is LO frequency match, or by determining the offset frequency of an envelope of a mixed signal. The ratio of the clock rates is used to compensate the turnaround time TAT, to mitigate error. The accurate distance measurement can be used to determine if a relay attack has taken place in a vehicle security system.