Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an electromagnetic environment in which the free field, plane wave response of electronic systems of an electrically large (greater than several wavelengths in its longest dimension) object, or objects, under test can be measured in the electromagnetic radiating near field of the transmitter array apparatus. The apparatus comprises: (1) one or more transmitting station(s), each station home to an array of radiating elements; (2) a software operating system and computer that controls the electronic circuits of the apparatus and executes an optimizing algorithm based on a Genetic Algorithm to control the radiation of each transmitting station; and (3) mechanical and electrical circuits that enable the apparatus to conduct self calibration and adjustment as required. In operation, the apparatus is placed and distributed about an object under test.

Abstract: A device for generating a desired transit time delay of a pulsed radar signal is characterized in that a delay line (13) with signal input and signal output for the pulsed radar signal is provided whose transit causes time delay &tgr; of the pulsed radar signal, that a signal amplifier (14) is connected downstream of the delay line which increases the amplitude of the pulsed radar signal by a certain amplification factor f, and that a decoupling device (12) is provided which permits supply of at least part of the amplitude of the pulsed radar signal coming from the signal output of the signal amplifier to the signal input of the delay line again and which permits, after n times transit of the pulsed radar signal through the delay line, decoupling of at least part of the amplitude of the pulsed radar signal, wherein T=n·&tgr; and wherein n is a natural number.

Abstract: A dual port memory waveform generator system uses a clock-based system whose pulse durations and separations were set by counters that use the same fundamental clock frequency of the radar to be simulated. This pulse generator is loaded from a laptop computer. The output pulses are used to control pin switches to switch various frequencies, amplitudes, or phases as required for the particular radar being simulated. The result is a system with very good fidelity that will fit in a suitcase, and is very portable.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an electromagnetic environment in which the free field, plane wave response of electronic systems of an electrically large (greater than several wavelengths in its longest dimension) object, or objects, under test can be measured in the electromagnetic radiating near field of the transmitter array apparatus. The apparatus comprises: (1) one or more transmitting station(s), each station home to an array of radiating elements; (2) a software operating system and computer that controls the electronic circuits of the apparatus and executes an optimizing algorithm based on a Genetic Algorithm to control the radiation of each transmitting station; and (3) mechanical and electrical circuits that enable the apparatus to conduct self calibration and adjustment as required. In operation, the apparatus is placed and distributed about an object under test.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for remotely and constantly calibrating a transponder by using the ring around phenomenon. A number of different time varying physical quantities, such as for example temperature, signal level, noise, transmission line flex, frequency, and general operational effects, affect the inherent delay in transponders on a time varying basis. The invention relies on a the ring around phenomenon to produce pulse doublets, wherein the distance between the pulses in the pulse doublets correspond to the instantaneous delay in the transponder. The system is configured so that instantaneous variation in the transmission delay is detected and recognized on a pulse by pulse basis and transmitted to the interrogation device, which then functions to calculate the actual delay. Normal operation of the transponder is not affected by the continuous calibration method, and therefore a special calibration mode is not required.

Abstract: A real time multiple simulated targets generator for mono pulse radar, applied to a simulation control system of a radar system, having at least one signal processor, in which a real time multiple targets generator is built inside. The real time multiple target generator has a precision timing generator to generate a timing signal. Several PRN code generators receive the timing signal to generate the psendo random code. Several DMWG's which are connected to the PTG and the PRN code generators to generate the modulated waveforms. The extent target generators are coupled to the corresponding DMWG's to receive the modulated waveform signals and generate simulated target signals.

Abstract: A radar target with delayed reply means. The radar target contains devices for: (a) receiving a radar signal which has a frequency of from about 0.5 to about 94 gigahertz, (b) phase coherently amplitude modulating a continuous wave light emission with the radar signal with the frequency of from about 1 to about 94 gigahertz, (c) delaying an amplitude modulated light pulse for at least about one radar pulse width, (d) detecting the delayed modulated amplitude modulated light pulse, (e) converting a detected amplitude modulated light pulse into a converted radio frequency pulse, (f) modulating the converted radio frequency pulse, thereby producing a delayed modulated radio frequency pulse, and (g) transmitting the delayed modulated radio frequency pulse.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an electromagnetic environment in which the free field, plane wave response of electronic systems of an electrically large (greater than several wavelengths in its longest dimension) object, or objects, under test can be measured in the electromagnetic radiating near field of the transmitter array apparatus. The apparatus comprises: (1) one or more transmitting station(s), each station home to an array of radiating elements; (2) a software operating system and computer that controls the electronic circuits of the apparatus and executes an optimizing algorithm based on a Genetic Algorithm to control the radiation of each transmitting station; and (3) mechanical and electrical circuits that enable the apparatus to conduct self calibration and adjustment as required. In operation, the apparatus is placed and distributed about an object under test.

Abstract: An antenna test range uses direct spread-spectrum based test signals to test the performance of an antenna. Since a spread spectrum waveform has high autocorrelation properties with itself and high cross-correlation properties with signals other than itself, in the receiver coupled to the antenna it is possible to effectively electronically reject all unwanted signals that may be present in the test range, and thereby allow both main beam and off-axis performance of the antenna to be completely and accurately measured.

Abstract: A scalable radar signal processing system for processing data between a data source and a receiving terminal, in which a bus system is connected in parallel on at least one DSP (Digital Signal Processor) node, to a corresponding number of standard DSP cards as well as components for user data delivery and for user data collection. Each DSP node is operated with the same software and all the signal processing algorithms are executed on a user data component assigned to the corresponding node.

Abstract: A method and device for testing the function of a radar. A diode (21) with variable radar radiation impedance is arranged in the beam path (23) inside the antenna unit (4, 6) of the car radar and is fed with alternating current for simulating a radar target at a distance from the antenna unit. The obtained target data for the simulated target are compared to the expected target data for testing the function.

Abstract: A linear phase detector circuit enables locking of two frequency sources which can operate in the range of 10 GHz with a minimal frequency offset, such as from 0 Hz to 50 KHz. With the frequency sources operating at frequencies F1 and F2 with an offset F2−F1 or F1−F2, the phase detector generates a DC signal indicating a phase offset between a signal F2−F1 or F1−F2 derived from the frequency sources and a reference operating at the desired offset F2−F1 or F1−F2, while eliminating any 2(F2−F1) or 2(F1−F2) component. In this way, the phase detector allows a substantially higher loop bandwidth than the offset F2−F1 or F1−F2, and allows phase tracking independent of the offset. The phase locking circuitry is useful in applications such as providing a variable Doppler shift in a radar signal.

Abstract: An automated simulator for radar and sonar applications. The inventive simulator is implemented in hardware and generates current parameters with respect to a simulated target in response to a plurality of initial values with respect thereto. In the illustrative embodiment, the initial values include range, velocity, and acceleration and are stored in first, second and third register respectively. In the best mode, the invention is implemented in a field-programmable gate array. The inventive target simulator also includes a range delay circuit for generating a simulated return from the simulated target. The range delay circuit includes logic for determining whether a simulated pulse train to be received is ambiguous or unambiguous and adjusting the pulse repetition rate of the pulse train accordingly. The range delay circuit calculates die initial time that a packet needs to make the trip to and from the target.

Abstract: Faraday Rotation causes rotation of the plane of polarization of plane polarised radiation emitted by a radar e.g. a synthetic aperture radar and, if returns polarized in orthogonal planes are measured at the synthetic aperture radar in order to determine polarimetric characteristics of the ground, which could show up features of the ground such as crop patterns, the measurements made at the SAR are contaminated by the Faraday Rotation. In the invention, the transmitted plane polarized beam is pre-rotated in transmitter 9, the radar returns in receiver 13 are mathematically adjusted in signal formatting 14, 15 to compensate for just the pre-rotated angle, to produce data streams on downlink 16 uncontaminated by the Faraday Rotation.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for generating simulated radar targets that eliminates the necessity for large outdoor test ranges and is relatively low in cost. The simulated radar target generating system provides complex targets of given simulated dimensions at given simulated distances when stimulated by signals emitted by the radar sensor in the sensor's operational frequency. The dimensions are simulated by the use of multi-tap delay device while the distances (or, range) are simulated by routing the signal, in the form of light, through a fiber optic delay of a desired length. This system, which costs less than $50 thousand, can be located as close as eight feet to the sensor under test.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for generating an electromagnetic environment in which the free field, plane wave response of electronic systems of an electrically large (greater than several wavelengths in its longest dimension) object, or objects, under test can be measured in the electromagnetic radiating near field of the transmitter array apparatus. The apparatus comprises: (1) one or more transmitting station(s), each station home to an array of radiating elements; (2) a software operating system and computer that controls the electronic circuits of the apparatus and executes an optimizing algorithm based on a Genetic Algorithm to control the radiation of each transmitting station; and (3) mechanical and electrical circuits that enable the apparatus to conduct self calibration and adjustment as required. In operation, the apparatus is placed and distributed about an object under test.

Abstract: A radar target simulator outputs multiple video and timing signals for a selected radar type from a single computer bus card slot. Several targets including cluster targets may be simulated at conveniently selectable signal-to-noise ratios. Multiple radar types may be simulated concurrently using additional bus card slots in a single desktop computer.

Abstract: An antenna test range uses direct spread-spectrum based test signals to test the performance of an antenna. Since a spread spectrum waveform has high autocorrelation properties with itself and high cross-correlation properties with signals other than itself, in the receiver coupled to the antenna it is possible to effectively electronically reject all unwanted signals that may be present in the test range, and thereby allow both main beam and off-axis performance of the antenna to be completely and accurately measured.

Abstract: An antenna test range uses direct spread-spectrum based test signals to test the performance of an antenna. Since a spread spectrum waveform has high autocorrelation properties with itself and high cross-correlation properties with signals other than itself, in the receiver coupled to the antenna it is possible to effectively electronically reject all unwanted signals that may be present in the test range, and thereby allow both main beam and off-axis performance of the antenna to be completely and accurately measured.

Abstract: The invention is a method and apparatus for verifying the integrity of a smart antenna system. The simulator section replicates multiple sensors with directional and non-directional components with variables from Doppler, delay and angular spread. Hardware/software combinations simulate the line-of-sight signal, reflected signals, and refracted signals that require manipulation by the smart antenna processor to extract the temporal and spatial information of the signals of interest. The channel simulator of the present invention introduces independent variability of the most significant factors involved in the simulation; delay spread, Doppler spread, and angular spread. The simulated signals have variable numbers, amplitude, phase, delay and bearing components for representing a variety of terrain, environmental, equipment and capacity conditions for both indoor and outdoor applications.

Abstract: A digital radar landmass simulator (DRLMS) used for stimulation testing pulse radars, wherein the DRLMS operates by synthesizing time-overlapping chirp waveforms using finite impulse response filters. The DRLMS, thus, effectively generates many overlapping complex pulse signals from many radar reflectors representing a semi-infinite continuum of closely spaced targets. The DRLMS also allows the insertion/injection of the effects of Doppler shift and jamming into the synthesized modulated signal.

Abstract: A process for modelling of ground clutter received by a radar, starting from a meshed numerical terrain model, including identifying cells from the meshed numerical terrain model which comprise elements having a height greater than a resolution of the model; determining, for relevant cells, an average height of the elements; sectioning the relevant cells into height-wise slices; and calculating power backscattered by each of the relevant cells by representing contents thereof with elementary reflectors distributed over an entire height thereof as a function of adjoining cells and a profile of terrain situated between the radar and a relevant cell.

Abstract: A test station for testing the performance of an automotive Forward Looking Sensor (FLS) in detecting one or more targets in a predetermined scene within the field of view of the FLS. The test station includes a chamber having a first end at which the FLS is disposed and a second end at which a Transmit/Receive Test (TRT) system is disposed. The TRT system includes an antenna array responsive to an RF signal transmitted by the FLS and a Transmit/Receive (TR) processor for processing the received signal in order to simulate the predetermined scene and for transmitting the processed signal back to the FLS. The TR processor includes at least one Transmit/Receive Radio Frequency (TR RF) processor module for processing the received RF signal by selectively shifting the frequency and/or adjusting the amplitude of the signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing an antenna control system. The antenna control system having an antenna control unit electrically coupled to an antenna pedestal. The present invention simulates the operational environment of the antenna control system and records the systems responses to the simulation. The responses are then analyzed and the antenna control system is adjusted to correct errors.

Abstract: A down range returns simulator for generating simulated radar reflected returns for testing advanced radar waveforms and associated signal processing. The simulator generates return signals based from real mission data, data transforms, arbitrary reference waveform convolutions, and radio and intermediate frequencies. The simulator includes a source of field data, synthetic target, an analog to digital converter for generating digital waveform returns, and RF/IF waveform generator, and a source of clutter waveform characteristics (OPINE, weather, and electronic counter-measures effects). The RF/IF waveform generator uses FFTs and IFFTs in order to develop realistic digital samples for evaluation software and Doppler images. The simulator apparatus provides a target return simulation as if received by radar in a down range mission flight test without the costly expense of conducting a mission flight test for collecting the appropriate data signatures for evaluation.

Abstract: Synthesized multi-channel data is provided based on real world single channel data, thereby yielding data with high fidelity that can be used to test multi-channel equipment and processing techniques. Simulated data representing time dependent characteristics of moving targets can be integrated with the synthesized multi-channel data. In one embodiment a multi-channel data generator (20) includes a real radar data module (30), a computer simulated radar data module (40) and a composite radar data module (50). The real radar data module (30) generates synthesized multi-channel background data (38) based on real world single channel radar data (32). The computer simulated radar data module (40) includes a temporal signal model (42) and a radar signal simulator (44) for generating multi-channel time dependent data (46).

Abstract: A moving target simulator for testing a radar system has a radio frequency receiver, a digital radio frequency memory in electrical communication with the radio frequency receiver for storing a signal received thereby, a digital delay circuit in electrical communication with the digital radio frequency memory for providing a time delay between reception and transmission of the radio frequency signal, an amplitude modulation circuit in electrical communication with the digital radio frequency memory for modulating an amplitude of the radio frequency signal, a Doppler modulation circuit in electrical communication with the digital radio frequency memory for providing a Doppler-modulated signal, and a radio frequency transmitter for transmitting the radio frequency signal after it has been delayed, amplitude-modulated, and/or Doppler-modulated.

Abstract: A test beacon for a radar system includes: a first antenna for receiving a search signal and transmitting a processed search signal, a second antenna for receiving a tracking signal and transmitting a processed tracking signal, a first signal processor for shifting the phase of the received search signal and adjusting it to a predetermined level, a third signal processor for shifting the phase of the received tracking signal and adjusting it to a predetermined level, a search/tracking signal delaying unit for receiving the search and tracking signals phase-shifted by the first and third signal processors, delaying the signals for a predetermined time period, and distributing and outputting the delayed signals, a second signal processor for receiving the delayed search signal and filtering a frequency band of the search signal and adjusting the signal to a predetermined level, a fourth signal processor for receiving the delayed tracking signal and filtering a frequency band of the tracking signal and adjusting

Abstract: A self-contained, single-unit test and calibration unit for Doppler-effect speed measurement devices (radar guns, etc.) is provided. The inventive unit is capable of performing manual, semi-automatic and automatic measurements on radar guns insuring no "missed" steps in the certification process. The unit is optionally supported by a general-purpose, digital computer such as a "PC" which may, in turn, be linked to a remote facility via modem or similar communication strategy. Either a local or a remote computer may oversee the test, calibration and certification processes. The inventive unit allows for fast and accurate certification of radar guns in the field by operators of only minimal technical skill thereby saving expense and time as radar guns no longer must be shipped to a remote certification facility.

Abstract: A moving target simulator system for pulse Doppler radar includes a processor for processing received radar signal and transforming the signal into patterned pulses before subjecting the patterned pulses to an 180 degree phase-shift by a phase-shifter. The system also includes a reference signal provided by a corner reflector located in proximity of the simulator. The reference signal and a phase-shifted signal from the simulator are processed by the radar equipped with a phase corrector circuitry to correct a phase drift problem associated with the use of a small antenna with the simulator.

Abstract: A satellite integration and testing system and method in which a satellite (12) is assembled and many tests are performed on it in a single test chamber (10), thereby avoiding multiple setup and tear-down operations required if multiple test chambers are used, and avoiding the need to move the satellite between test chambers.

Abstract: The electromagnetic target generator of this invention is used to simulate radar target for the purpose of testing and experimenting on a variety of weapon systems radars. The weapon system radar being tested emits a radar signal which is received by the target generator. The target generator delays, doppler shifts, and reemits the signal for receipt by the weapon system antenna. The simulated target presented to the radar system under investigation has digitally controlled range, radial velocity, coordinated doppler and radar cross section. This provides a realistic radar target return without requiring real targets. The radar system is exercised in inflight and tactical operational configuration and no part of the weapons system radar is bypassed. Delayed radar target replicas are indistinguishable from real target waveforms. The electromagnetic target generator may be used in locations which preclude the use of real radar targets, such as anechoic chambers, and also may be used in the field.

Abstract: A system is tested for jamming resistance by supplying a simulated jamming ignal. The simulated jamming signal is produced by calculating a propagation path loss in the terrain between the system under test and a location where the jammer would be, predicting a jamming level in accordance with the propagation path loss, and generating a simulated jamming signal. The simulated jamming signal is supplied to the antenna port of the system under test. The testing does not require the use of either a real jammer or a pilot signal generator at the location where the jammer would be.

Abstract: A Doppler-based radar system used in monitoring the speed of moving vehicles includes a self test circuit and related method for independently and remotely testing the operability of the entire radar system including the critical microwave components. The self test circuit includes a low frequency modulation diode positioned adjacent the antenna horn. The modulating diode causes a change in the voltage standing wave ratio seen by the radar system(s), thereby modulating the energy of the reflected radar test signal. The modulated test signal is compared to the original test signal and a resultant control signal is generated. The radar system is combined with a retarder system controller and a control system computer to provide an industrial control application, such as for controlling railway cars in a hump yard. Any number of additional radar systems/retarder system controllers can be added to expand the application.

Abstract: A tracking radar signal generator enables the development of a tracking algorithm of the radar controller even before the tracking is completely developed. In the signal generator, a time data generator receives a master clock signal for synchronizing the tracking radar signal generator, a pulse repetition frequency (PRF) signal for generating a sync signal in a radar signal, a tracking target distance value which corresponds to a distance to a target being tracked, and a general target distance value which corresponds to a distance of a target which is only input without being tracked, calculates a tracking target signal and a general target signal which are time-dimension values of the tracking target distance value and the general target distance value, respectively, and outputs the respective input signals including the tracking target signal and the general target signal. A noise generator generates a noise signal in real time.

Abstract: An image corresponding to an aspect angle computed from tracking data of a target is read out from an actual measurement data base as a reference image, is subjected to a relativity processing with the obtained image of the target in a relativity processor, and a result of the processing is displayed on a display unit.

Abstract: A simulator for testing the performance accuracy or calibrating a collision avoidance radar system. The simulator includes circuitry for receiving a signal from the collision avoidance radar system and for generating a signal tracking the frequency of the radar system. Circuitry is further included in the simulator utilizing the tracking signal to generate a signal offset in frequency from the collision avoidance radar system output signal and to transmit the offset signal to the collision avoidance radar. The offset is controlled so that the collision avoidance radar should indicate an object is located a distance (D) away. Circuitry is further included in the simulator so that the offset has a first value when the radar system output is increasing in frequency and a second value when the radar system output is decreasing in frequency. The first and second offset values are controlled so that the radar system should indicate an object is moving at a rate (dD/dt) upon receiving the offset signal.

Abstract: A photonic radar decoy (50) is provided which simulates an aircraft to a radar having an interrogating signal. A plurality of receiving antenna (52, 54, 56, 58, 60) are attached to the decoy (50) with each of the receiving antenna (52, 54, 56, 58, 60) independently capable of receiving the interrogating signal from the interrogating radar system. Each signal received by an antenna (52, 54, 56, 58, 60) is transmitted to a signal combiner and amplifier (82) by delay lines (72, 74, 76, 78, 80). The combiner and amplifier (82) coherently adds the transmitted signals, thereby producing a coherent signal which is amplified and subsequently emitted by a non-directional transmission antenna 106, simulating a dynamic and complex radar signature of an aircraft.

Abstract: A near field planar wavefront generation method that uses a relatively small number (three to five) of transmitting antennas disposed a predetermined distance from an antenna array having a multi-wavelength aperture that is part of a system under test. The method creates a synthesized one-dimensional linear planar wavefront of radiation over at least ten wavelengths for testing the antenna array of the system under test. The planar wavefront is formed at a specific frequency and at predetermined distance from the transmitting antennas, typically in the range of from 100 to 200 feet. The transmitting antennas synthesize a plane wave with linear phase progression to simulate tilt variations. To achieve this, electromagnetic energy signals emitted by the respective transmitting antennas are amplitude and phase weighted to synthesize the one dimensional linear plane wave to produce a combined wavefront having a linear phase front across the aperture of the antenna array of the system under test.

Abstract: In a simulated synthetic aperture radar SAR, a terrain elevation model is provided. A phase component of the simulated SAR data is computed by determining a distance between incremental terrain points and a simulated SAR platform modulo the wavelength. The amplitude component is computed in the following manner. The terrain elevation model is rotated about a vertical axis to present terrain strips extending perpendicular to the assumed direction of travel of the SAR platform. Points distributed along the terrain strips are projected into an illumination plane perpendicular to the assumed SAR signal and into an image plane perpendicular to the illumination plane.

Abstract: A communications electronic warfare trainer that includes apparatus and a thod by which a training umpire can control the localized jamming of a victim communications system. A control signal containing an address and duration of jamming is generated and transmitted using the same frequency as the victim communications system. The control signal is processed by a Receiver Unit collocated with the victim communications system to determine if the control signal address matches the address of the victim communications system. If an address match is found, a jamming signal is produced for the specified duration causing disruption of the normal operation of the victim communications system.

Abstract: This is a computer-implemented model for the frequency space utilized by the Mode Select Beacon System (the Mode S system) for air traffic surveillance and control. The model simulates the operation of interrogators, transponders, and receivers, and calculates the probability of interference between transponder reply signals using a sliding window.

Abstract: An in-flight simulator for an integrated aircraft survivability equipment system controlling radar warning receiver and a radar jammer with countermeasures control provides a training module which emulates the existence of airborne threats. The airborne threats are provided in real time as if they were detected by a threat detection system such as a radar warning receiver or a radar jammer. A list of threats is provided for either a radar warning receiver or pulse radar jammer, a continuous radar jammer, an RF/IR missile approach detector or a laser that threat on a display, includes that threat in a candidate list and executes various threat proximity algorithms with the candidate list. The invention determines whether the threat is within the range hidden by terrain or beyond the horizon. The threat simulator performs aircraft survivability equipment sensor model simulation. Threats are also prioritized.

Abstract: A radar target simulator for generating simulated targets used in testing a radar system. Simulated targets are generated out of the radar system noise. The radar system includes a radar receiver coupled to a receive antenna. The simulator has an input for sampling a transmitted output signal from the radar system. A first reference oscillator is provided for generating a first reference signal, and a first mixer is coupled to the first reference oscillator for mixing the first reference signal with the sampled signal from the radar system to provide a simulated target signal. A laser is coupled to the first mixer for generating a light output signal that corresponds to the simulated target signal. A plurality of selectable delay paths that each have a different predetermined delay length are coupled to the laser. A photodetector is coupled to the plurality of delay paths for convening the light output signal derived from a selected one of the delay paths into a radio frequency (RF) simulated target signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating one or more radar return signals representative of one or more remote objects useable in ground based, shipboard and airborne radar systems for testing the radar and its user. The apparatus may generate one or more return signal scenarios which may if required interact with the real or preprogrammed movement of the craft in which the radar is fitted. To ensure accurate and repeatable radar return signal generator apparatus operation, the radar's own built-in test signal output is used by the apparatus to calibrate the radio frequency portion of the apparatus, which adapts a remote object return signal scenario into the crafts radar device. To further improve the accuracy of the return signal, a digital first-in-first-out (FIFO) delay means is used to accurately allow the delayed reuse of the radar's own transmission signal.

Abstract: The radar target simulator serves for the training of air traffic controllers. It comprises a radar device (10) detecting the approach area of a runway, and a display device (17) for displaying the real targets detected by the radar device (10). The display device generates an approach line corresponding to an ideal approach. The instructor position comprises a simulation device (18) for generating simulation targets moving continuously depending on flight parameters of a simulated airplane, which have been inputted. The real targets detected by the radar device (10) and the simulation targets are displayed together on the display device (17). The simulation device (18) is used to check the correctness of the adjustment of the radar device (10). Therefore, an airplane performing an ideal approach is simulated on the display device (17) and it is detected whether there are any deviations of the simulation target from the approach line displayed on the display device.

Abstract: A radar target generator is disclosed which is not merely a simulator, generating video information for viewing by an operator, but is designed to be used in conjunction with an operating radar system, actually producing high fidelity radar targets, rather than targets that merely look like radar targets. Thus, it may be used for training of radar operators, as well as for calibrating, maintaining, and evaluating multiple types of radar systems. The system includes a first tap for sampling a portion of the radar signal traveling through a transmission line and redirecting that sample into the radar target generator. There, a central processor applies a target signature component to the sampled radar signal portion, following which a second tap returns the modified radar signal portion to a return radar signal traveling thorough a second transmission line.

Abstract: A novel airborne reactive threat simulator is presented. The simulator comprises an aircraft flight and carrier qualified podded external store and a cockpit mounted system control box. The pod is capable of supersonic flight envelopes and houses a sophisticated, state-of-the-art, microprocessor controlled, programmable tracking radar system and associated data collection peripherals. The control box provides the operator/machine interface during system operation. The system operates from a library of preprogrammed scenarios, which are selected by the pilot of the aircraft during routine training/testing exercises. A threat simulation scenario is selected by the pilot as the pilot flies a predetermined profile mission against a target ship. The software routine is executed by the microprocessing system which in turn controls all system hardware components and peripherals.

Abstract: System for tracking a vehicle equipped with a transponder which emits a first reply signal containing data identifying the vehicle in response to a first interrogation signal and emits a second reply signal containing data specifying the altitude of the vehicle in response to a second interrogation signal, the system including: (a) a squitter transmitter located on the vehicle for interrogating the transponder with the first and the second interrogation signals which are separated in time by a predetermined time spacing interval, in response to which first and second interrogation signals, the transponder transmits the first and second reply signals; (b) a plurality of spaced apart ground receive stations, each of which includes a receiver and decoder for: (i) receiving and decoding data from the first and second reply signals, (ii) determining a time of arrival of the first and second reply signals and the predetermined time spacing interval, and (iii) determining an identity of the vehicle by combining data

Abstract: An in-flight radar warning receiver training system for use with a radar warning receiver (RWR) includes a real on/off switch for switching real threat track file data to a formatter. A generator produces threat/RWR simulated threat track file data. A merge operator combines formatted real threat data with the threat/RWR simulated threat track file data to form a combined threat track file. A prioritization method orders the combined threat track file data into prioritized threat track file data which is routed to a symbol generator, an audio/voice generator, and a memory for storing threat events having an input connected to the priority data output.