Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for adjusting a power capability of a system is described. In an example, a system can include an antenna array and a beamformer connected to the antenna array. The beamformer can include a communication channel. The system can further include a first power converter that can be configured to convert a supply voltage to a first regulated voltage. The first power converter can apply the first regulated voltage to the beamformer. The system can further include a second power converter that can be configured to convert the supply voltage to a second regulated voltage different from the first regulated voltage. The second power converter can apply the second regulated voltage to a power amplifier in the communication channel to adjust a maximum power capability of the power amplifier.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus according to the present invention includes a power supply antenna, a directivity control unit, a position information acquisition unit, and a control unit. The power supply antenna emits, to a plurality of power reception apparatuses, a radio wave that is based on a power supply signal. The directivity control unit controls directivity of the power supply antenna. The position information acquisition unit acquires position information indicating a position of a moving obstruction. The control unit determines, based on the position information, a power reception apparatus, among the plurality of power reception apparatuses, to which power is supplied while avoiding the obstruction. The control unit controls the directivity control unit to steer the radio wave toward the determined power reception apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an electric vehicle charger that may include power electronics, one or more controllers, and one or more cable/connector plugs. The disclosed bi-charger may operate bi-directionally. Power components may be arranged in a charger enclosure in a configuration providing the optimum air flow over a heat sink(s) that will allow the most heat to be moved out of the charger enclosure with the least effort. The disclosed charger may use a combination of forced and natural convection to effectively cool the system. Power stages may be mounted in the enclosure and a control tray may be mounted above the power stages. The disclosed charger may use a three-power stage architecture. The disclosed charger also uses a configuration and method of mounting and positioning the power components within the enclosure that results in a smaller and more power dense piece of equipment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a phase shifter and an antenna.

Abstract: A node may identify a node configuration including one or more surface phase configurations associated with the node. In one configuration, the node may receive, from the base station, an indication of the node configuration. In another configuration, the node may select, at a controller associated with the node, the node configuration. The one or more surface phase configurations may be based on a wavelength corresponding to a center of a BWP associated with the one or more wireless signals or a wavelength corresponding to a center of a resource allocation associated with the one or more wireless signals. The node may forward, from a base station to a UE, or from the UE to the base station, one or more wireless signals. The forwarded one or more wireless signals may be associated with a beam squint less than a first threshold.

Abstract: A receiver system for correlating one or more signals (beam patterns) is disclosed. One or more antenna elements are configured to receive the signals. A controller generates correlator outputs based on a first set of duplicated signals, generates a first set of beams based on the one or more correlator outputs using a first beamforming module, generates a second set of beams based on a second set of duplicated signals using a second beamforming module, generates one or more power estimates based on the second set of beams, and divides each of the first set of beams by a corresponding power estimate to generate one or more normalized correlations.

Abstract: A phased-array antenna system includes: an array of discrete antenna modules disposed conformally with an exterior surface of a platform; a digital distribution system comprising a digital communications medium to convey digital signals to and/or from respective input/output ports of the antenna modules; and a controller system to supply and/or receive the digital signals to/from the antenna modules via the digital distribution system. The controller system controls relative phases of the digital signals to enable the antenna elements to form a directive antenna beam pattern. Each antenna module includes: an antenna element to emit and/or absorb RF signals; an input/output port to send and/or receive digital signals; an electronics unit including an A/D and/or D/A converter to provide an interface between the antenna element and the input/output port; and a housing in which the antenna element and electronics unit are packaged.

Abstract: An antenna comprises a substantially circular ground plane with an upper surface and a defined center. A plurality of radiating elements are placed radially on the upper surface, arranged at constant angles around the defined center to, when electrically excited, create a plurality of circularly polarized electromagnetic emissions. Each radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements is in electrical communication with an electromagnetic source via an electrically conductive feed, the electromagnetic source configured, when in use, to create a radial excitation current on the radiating element, and further configured, when in use, to provide phase and amplitude control of the excited current on the radiating element for both beam forming and 360 degree beam steering by superposing omnidirectional circularly polarized electromagnetic emissions.

Abstract: A method generates a dynamic tracking beam from an N-element receiving phased array antenna with a digital-beam-forming (DBF) network, N being an integer greater than 100, by performing digital beam forming to capture a desired signal from a moving source via the N-element phased array, including digitally multiplying received signals in the N-elements by a tracking beam beam weight vector (BWV) for the tracking beam, wherein the tracking beam BMV comprises N I/Q components; reading M pre-stored spot beam BWVs for M contiguous spot beams from a memory; determining a new tracking beam BWV for the tracking beam in a next update, wherein the new tracking beam BWV is a weighted sum of the M pre-stored spot beam BWVs of the M contiguous spot beams; and loading the new tracking beam BWV to a buffer.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for beamforming (BF) training are disclosed. In some examples, a receiver is configured to receive sector sweep (SSW) training frames from an initiator device that each indicate an antenna sector of the initiator device. A transmitter is configured to transmit sector sweep (SSW) training frames to the initiator device that indicate a best received antenna sector of the initiator device. The receiver receives a sector sweep feedback (SSW FB) frame from the initiator device, and the transmitter transmits transmit a sector sweep acknowledgement (SSW ACK) frame to the initiator device that indicates an antenna sector of the initiator device that is different from the antenna sector indicated by the SSW FB frame, if the SSW FB frame was best received by an antenna not corresponding to the best received antenna sector of the initiator device.

Abstract: A test and measurement system includes a test and measurement device having input channels, a reference array of antennas connected to the input channels, one or more processors in the test and measurement device configured to execute code to cause the one or more processors to receive a first signal from a phased array of antennas connected to a device under test directed at a first side of the reference array, receive a second signal from the phased array of antennas connected to the device under test directed at a second side of the reference array, without moving the device under test, the phased array, or the reference array.

Abstract: An antenna array includes one or more antenna tiles which are arranged on an antenna plane. Each of the one or more antenna tiles includes one or more antenna units that are arranged together to form the respective antenna tile having a hexagonal shape and each antenna unit comprises an antenna circuit chip. In some embodiments, each antenna unit has a pentagonal shape and the antenna tile has a hexagonal shape formed by tessellating the one or more antenna units with one another.

Abstract: A modular radio frequency (RF) device includes N base units, each including a differential segmented array (DSA) tile with a support board and a two-dimensional (2D) array of electrically conductive tapered projections disposed on the support board. Neighboring pairs of the electrically conductive tapered projections form RF pixels. The N DSA tiles are arranged to form an RF aperture. The N base units are programmed to switch the RF aperture between a first operating mode and a second operating mode. In the first operating mode, the N base units are operated as at least two independent subsets with each subset operating as an RF transmitter or receiver independently of the other subsets. In the second operating mode all N base units coherently combine as a single phased array RF transmitter or receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication system for receiving electromagnetic radiation (EMR) signals from a plurality of sources or directions. A communication system comprises a transmission section surrounding an antenna section. The transmission section can be made of concentric layers of lens elements, mirror elements, or refraction medium. The layers allow incoming EMR to be directed to the antenna section through reflection or refraction. The antenna section can be made of a plurality of antenna elements such that each antenna element detects incoming EMR signals from different angles of origin even when the signals are received simultaneously.

Abstract: A radar system with antenna modules that have first and second planar slotted waveguide antenna arrays for radiating and receiving electromagnetic waves. A rotation system supports and rotates the antenna modules around a vertical axis. The modules are arranged back-to-back on opposite sides of a plane intersecting the vertical axis of rotation. Another radar system includes planar slotted waveguide antenna arrays with longitudinal extending waveguide columns. The front side of the columns holding the cavity slots of the first planar antenna array are positioned in a first plane and the front side of the columns holding the cavity slots of the second planar antenna array are positioned in a second plane parallel to the first plane. The arrays may be positioned at a distance to each other in a direction to the first and second planes. The parallel planes may be offset with a minimum perpendicular array distance.

Abstract: A wireless device with a slot antenna includes one or more heat spreaders, a PCB with vias to allow current to flow through the PCB, various components disposed on the PCB, and a slot antenna compliment. By layering the components, e.g., heat spreaders, PCB, slot antenna compliment, etc. one or more slot antennas are formed from these components as to integrate the slot antennas into the existing structure. The formed slot antenna is a spiraled shape as to reduce the overall footprint of the slot antenna while keeping the required quarter-wavelength total effective length of an open-slot antenna. The formed slot antenna is wide enough to allow the antenna to accommodate a wide bandwidth and may include a plurality of steps to further allow for tuning of the length of the slot antenna. The wireless device can further include a housing enclosing the internal components.

Abstract: A multichip system includes a plurality of processor chips each having one or more cores and a plurality of antenna module for establishing interchip wireless communication. Each antenna module is disposed on a chip. At least one antenna module includes an antenna element array and a Butler matrix. The antenna element array includes n circular patch antenna elements for 360° end-fire scanning, where n is equal to 4 or a multiple thereof. The Butler matrix has n/4 submatrices. Each submatrix include two input 90° hybrids each having two outputs and two inputs for selectively receiving signals from a transceiver. The Butler matrix also includes two output 90° hybrids each having two outputs and two inputs. The two inputs of each output 90° hybrid are coupled to an output of different ones of the input 90° hybrids. Each output of the output 90° hybrids are coupled to a different antenna element.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for processing a substrate. For example, a processing chamber can include a power source, an amplifier connected to the power source, comprising at least one of a gallium nitride (GaN) transistor or a gallium arsenide (GaAs) transistor, and configured to amplify a power level of an input signal received from the power source to heat a substrate in a process volume, and a cooling plate configured to receive a coolant to cool the amplifier during operation.

Abstract: An antenna system including an array of conductors connected to a feed line, wherein the array is configured to (1) emit electromagnetic radiation in response to an input signal being input to the array through the feed line or (2) output an output signal to the feed line in response to electromagnetic radiation being received on the array; and a director disposed in front of the array, wherein the director has a first reactive load having a complex impedance that is tailored to increase a directivity of the antenna system by reactively loading the conductors.

Abstract: A target detection device is provided, which includes a transmission array and a signal generator. The transmission array includes a plurality of transmission elements configured to convert an electric signal into a transmission wave. The signal generator generates first and second sets of electric signals, each set being generated with different phase settings. The signal generator groups the transmission elements according to grouping configurations including first and second grouping configurations. In the first grouping configuration, the plurality of transmission elements are grouped into a plurality of groups each having p transmission elements, and, in the second grouping configuration, the plurality of transmission elements are grouped into a plurality of groups each having q transmission elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is an antenna having a plurality of radiators disposed in a ring or arc around a Luneburg lens. Each of the radiators (e.g., flared-notch radiators) has a center radiating axis that intersects with the center of the Luneburg lens. Each of the radiators radiate into the Luneburg lens such that the Luneburg lens substantially planarizes the beam emitted by each radiator (on transmit) and focuses an incoming wavefront into the radiator (on receiver). This not only enables having numerous well-controlled individual beams, it also allows for combining radiators to create well-defined sector beams with minimal sidelobes and fast rolloff.

Abstract: A wireless transceiving device including a main body and at least one camera lens is provided. The camera lens is detachably connected to a connection part on the main body. The camera lens includes a barrel part, a first lens, a phase matching structure, a data storage device, and an electrical connection terminal. The data storage device is configured to store specification information. When the camera lens is connected to the connection part, a wireless transmitter is coupled to the data storage device through the electrical connection terminal and reads the specification information in the data storage device. The wireless transmitter controls a plurality of transmitting phases and a plurality of transmitting powers of a plurality of transmitted wave beams according to the specification information.

Abstract: An antenna comprises a substantially circular ground plane with an upper surface and a defined center. A plurality of radiating elements are placed radially on the upper surface, arranged at constant angles around the defined center to, when electrically excited, create a plurality of circularly polarized electromagnetic emissions. Each radiating element of the plurality of radiating elements is in electrical communication with an electromagnetic source via an electrically conductive feed, the electromagnetic source configured, when in use, to create a radial excitation current on the radiating element, and further configured, when in use, to provide phase and amplitude control of the excited current on the radiating element for both beam forming and 360 degree beam steering by superposing omnidirectional circularly polarized electromagnetic emissions.

Abstract: Phase shifters for communication systems are provided herein. In certain embodiments, a phase shifter includes a plurality of phase shifting sections and a plurality of selection switches each coupled to a corresponding one of the phase shifting sections. The selection switches are formed on a semiconductor die, and are operable to connect one or more selected phase shifting sections between an input terminal and an output terminal, thereby controlling an overall phase shift provided by the phase shifter.

Abstract: A radar, flying device including such a radar, processing method in a radar embedded in a flying device and associated computer program are disclosed. In one aspect, the radar includes a transceiver antenna including a plurality of radiating elements configured to transmit and receive an electromagnetic wave. The radar includes an antenna gain control unit, by activating/inhibiting radiating elements, in transmission and/or reception configured to keep the reception level of an electromagnetic wave below a determined threshold below the saturation zone of the antenna, as well as by activating/inhibiting radiating elements in reception, configured to compensate the amplitude variation of the ground/sea clutter, over the duration of the reception.

Abstract: A calibration method for a phased array of antennas, wherein the phased array of antennas comprises N antenna elements, the N antenna elements are decomposed into G sub-arrays, each of the G sub-arrays comprises M antenna elements, and the calibration method comprises: (a) inputting a set of digital control codes to RF devices in order to produce field signals corresponding to an operation order r to the G sub-arrays' radiations; (b) measuring the observation field signals of the G sub-arrays corresponding to the operation order r in a fixed position to produce a DFT relationship with respect to the RF devices' operations; and (c) repeating operations (a) to (b) corresponding to the operation order r from 1 to G for generating error-calibrating signals corresponding to the signals of the G sub-arrays.

Abstract: A wireless communication apparatus outputs first and second beams, based on a weighting vector representing gain and/or phase weighting. The apparatus derives a weighting vector corresponding to a maximum eigen value of a matrix obtained by subtracting, from a first matrix representing a main lobe output power of the first beam, a matrix obtained by multiplying a second matrix representing a side lobe output power of the first beam to a reduction ratio for reducing the side lobe output power of the first beam interfering with a main lobe of the second beam. The apparatus determines whether or not a power ratio of the main lobe output power of the first beam with respect to the side lobe output power of the first beam is greater than a maximum SIRmax, and extracts the weighting vector when the power ratio is not larger than the maximum SIRmax.

Abstract: A channel resource allocation method includes establishing, by a first network device, at least two links between the first network device and a second network device, where each link supports beamforming data transmission; obtaining, by the first network device, a millimeter-wave radio channel resource between the first network device and the second network device; dividing the radio channel resource into a plurality of slots, where each slot is used for data transmission on one link, and two adjacent slots correspond to two different links; and transmitting, by the first network device, data on a corresponding link in the plurality of slots.

Abstract: An optical phase shifter array includes: 1st˜nth optical-splitting elements, wherein each has an input end, a first output end and a second output end, and the input end of the 1st optical-splitting element receives an input light and outputs an evenly distributed optical signal to the optical-splitting element of the next stage, and n is a positive integer above 1; a plurality of first optical waveguides respectively connected to the input end of the optical-splitting element odd-numbered of the next stage and the first output end of the optical-splitting element of the previous stage; a plurality of second optical waveguides respectively connected to the input end of the optical-splitting-element even-numbered of the previous stage; and phase shifters of the 1st to the kth stage, which makes the optical signal passing through the optical waveguides produce a phase shift by heating or electro-optic effects.

Abstract: A radiation pattern of a phased array antenna, comprising a plurality of antenna elements, may be dynamically modified using phase shifters to apply variable phase shifts between antenna elements. In a phased array antenna designed for airborne applications, the phase shifters may be required to enable a fine phase-shifting resolution and to operate over a wide temperature range. The phase shifters may also be required to perform while exhibiting small process variations, small form factor, low power consumption, and low loss. One possible solution to this is a passive vector-interpolating phase shifter configured to exhibit such characteristics.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes an antenna module, a memory, and a processor controlling to identify a first beam set among a plurality of beam sets stored in the memory, perform beamforming based on the identified first beam set through the antenna module, determine whether a beam pattern is changed, based on, at least, a prediction value of a reception signal strength set corresponding to the first beam set and a measurement value of a signal received through the antenna module, and change a setting related to a reception beam if the beam pattern is determined to be changed.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses an adaptive satellite-aiming method for a low-orbit mobile satellite communication network. The method first receives signals through an array antenna, estimates an offset angle between an array antenna and a satellite beam using a MUSIC-based angle estimation method; then, based on the estimated offset angle, tracks a satellite direction using the adaptive coupling model and achieves tracking and alignment of an antenna direction based on feature parameters extracted during a tracking process; finally, based on the obtained feature parameters, adjusts parameters in the MUSIC-based angle estimation method, and repeats the above steps, to achieve real-time estimation of the offset angle and real-time tracking and alignment of the antenna direction.

Abstract: A plurality of segments each include one input-output port and a plurality of antenna ports. A plurality of subarrays each include a plurality of elements connected to any of the plurality of antenna ports. The plurality of elements constitute a sequential array for each subarray. Each of the plurality of segments includes a distribution-combination circuit that distributes a signal input to a first port to the plurality of antenna ports and that combines signals input to the respective plurality of antenna ports to output a combined signal from the first port, and a first amplifier connected between the input-output port and the first port. In the plurality of subarrays, the plurality of antenna ports to which the respective plurality of elements included in one subarray are connected are included in one segment.

Abstract: A transmitting device includes a plurality of transmission antennas, and includes: a signal processor which generates a first baseband signal by modulating data of a first stream, and a second baseband signal by modulating data of a second stream; and a transmitter which generates, from the first baseband signal, first transmission signals having different directivities, generates, from the second baseband signal, second transmission signals having different directivities, and transmits the first transmission signals and the second transmission signals at a same time.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may transmit capability information including information regarding a beamforming capability of the UE; receive configuration information indicating a beamforming configuration, wherein the beamforming configuration is based at least in part on digital beamforming, analog beamforming, or a combination thereof; and communicate in accordance with the beamforming configuration. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A plurality of segments each include one input-output port and a plurality of antenna ports. A plurality of subarrays each include a plurality of elements connected to any of the plurality of antenna ports. The plurality of elements constitute a sequential array for each subarray. Each of the plurality of segments includes a distribution-combination circuit that distributes a signal input to a first port to the plurality of antenna ports and that combines signals input to the respective plurality of antenna ports to output a combined signal from the first port, and a first amplifier connected between the input-output port and the first port. In the plurality of subarrays, the plurality of antenna ports to which the respective plurality of elements included in one subarray are connected are included in one segment.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a first antenna unit, a second antenna unit, and a feeding unit. The first antenna unit includes a first phase shifting structure, wherein the first phase shifting structure includes a first pattern. The second antenna unit includes a second phase shifting structure, wherein the second phase shifting structure includes a second pattern. The feeding unit is coupled to the first antenna unit and the second antenna unit, wherein the first pattern is different from the second pattern.

Abstract: An optical control type phased array antenna includes: a plurality of antenna elements; a multi-wavelength light source; an optical demultiplexing circuit for separating a plurality of optical signals and local oscillation light from output light of the multi-wavelength light source; optical modulators for generating a plurality of modulated optical signals by modulating the plurality of optical signals with the output signals of the plurality of antenna elements; an optical coupler for multiplexing the plurality of modulated optical signals and the local oscillation light to generate multiplexed light and dividing the multiplexed light into reception optical signals of a plurality of channels; and an optical dispersion compensation circuit for compensating for a phase difference between the plurality of modulated optical signals by performing dispersion compensation on the reception optical signals, respectively.

Abstract: An information handling system includes an antenna controller that may receive, from a platform sensor, platform sensor information as to a physical configuration usage mode, and receive, from a proximity sensor, information as to a part of a body of a user to an antenna. The antenna controller may also obtain a radio transmit power level value corresponding to the platform sensor information and to the proximity sensing information, send the radio transmit power level value to a radio via a serial interface, and reconfigure the antenna in response to the platform sensor information and the proximity sensing information. A radio may adjust a radio transmit power level to an adjusted radio transmit power level based on the radio transmit power level value.

Abstract: A radar system to detect and track objects in three dimensions. The radar system including antennae, transmit, receive and processing electronics is all in a small, lightweight, low-cost, highly integrated package. The radar system uses a wide azimuth, narrow elevation radar pattern to detect objects and a Wi-Fi radio to communicate to one or more receiving and display units. One application may include mounting the radar system in an existing radome on an aircraft to detect and avoid objects during ground operations. Objects may include other moving aircraft, ground vehicles, buildings or other structures that may be in the area. The system may transmit information to both pilot and ground crew.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mitigating the beam squint effect in a wideband wireless communication device involving a phased antenna array. Time delay units are operated in series with phase shifters to apply phase shifts to signals fed to or received from antenna elements. The array may be subdivided into sub-arrays each associated with its own time delay unit, and with each antenna element associated with its own phase shifter. The phase shifters are operated to compensate for location mismatch between time delay units and antenna elements, and also to compensate for practical limitations of the time delay units, such as length and quantization limitations.

Abstract: A beamforming system includes a plurality of channelizers and a channel switching module in signal communication with the channelizers. Each channelizer is configured to receive a respective input radio frequency signal and to generate a plurality of respective channels in response to downsampling the respective input radio frequency signal. The channel switching module includes a channel combining circuit configured to selectively combine a common channel generated by each channelizer to form at least one steered analog beam.

Abstract: A method for reducing adaptive beam forming computation resources for estimating and updating a model of unwrapped beam weights. The optimal beam pattern weights of an antenna array are estimated using an adaptive beamforming algorithm. An initial model is created for either magnitude or phase components of the optimal beam pattern weights computed from the adaptive beamforming algorithm estimates. For each time step, a measurement of optimal beam pattern weights is estimated, using a reduced set of data comprising 5-20% of first samples of signal reference data. New beam pattern weights are computed using a magnitude Kalman filter (KF) and/or phase KF, wherein the computation resources required to obtain the new beam pattern weights are reduced by 80 to 90% over an adaptive beam forming algorithm.

Abstract: A method for acquiring an indication of a preferred beam of a wireless communication device is disclosed. The method is performed in a network node of a cellular communication network. The network node is adapted to support a plurality of beams of a signal beam-forming scheme and to communicate with the wireless communication device using at least one beam of the plurality of beams. A message indicative of the beam power setting is transmitted to the wireless communication device. Measurement signals are also transmitted. A report indicative of the preferred beam is received from the wireless communication device. The preferred beam is determined by the wireless communication device based on the measurement signals and the beam power setting. Corresponding methods for the wireless communication device, as well as corresponding arrangements, network node, wireless communication device, cellular communication network, and computer program products are also disclosed.

Abstract: A movement-distance measuring apparatus is provided with: an antenna, a phase detection circuit, a phase-shift calculation circuit, and a movement-distance calculation circuit. The antenna transmits a radio wave toward a plurality of reflectors arranged at constant intervals along a moving path of a moving object, and receives a reflected wave from the reflectors. The phase detection circuit detects a phase of the reflected wave received by the antenna. The phase-shift calculation circuit calculates a phase shift based on the phase detected by the phase detection circuit. The movement-distance calculation circuit calculates a movement distance of the moving object, based on the phase shift calculated by the phase-shift calculation circuit, and based on the interval of the reflectors.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described in which measurements of a number of beams that are transmitted from a first device, measured at a second device are provided in a beam switch metric report from the second device. The beam switch metric report may provide the first device with information that is otherwise unavailable to the first device and that may be used for setting beam management parameters.

Abstract: Antenna array systems and methods for simulating QPSK beam forming having binary phase shifter associated with each transmitting antenna configured to apply a phase shift of 180 degrees to a transmitted signal, and a controller configured to send instructions to the binary phase shifters. The receiving antennas are connected to a post processor comprising a memory operable to save received signals; and a processing unit operable to apply a 90 degree phase shift to selected received signals stored in the memory, and further operable to sum received signals stored in the memory. Optimized antenna array configurations are disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a beam selection hardware accelerator for determining a set of beams to be used for data scheduling by a wireless node for a transmission time interval, the beam selection hardware accelerator being configured to: receive a beam information and information indicating an angular separation of beams for a set of selected beams; create a graph based on the beam information and the minimum angular separation; select a set of beams, out of a plurality of beams, as a maximum weight independent set of beams based on the created graph; and provide a notification of the selected set of beams.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides satellite tracking systems and tracking methods. The satellite tracking system includes an array of antenna elements and a control unit. A feed current for each of the antenna elements passes through a phase shifter. The control unit generates a control signal for the phase shifter. The satellite tracking system searches, positions, and tracks a target satellite in accordance with the control signal. The satellite tracking systems and methods utilize step scanning and particle swarm optimization in the search stage, compensating for gaps formed during the satellite searching in the positioning stage, and conical scanning in the tracking stage.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising: an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements configured for receiving multiple input multiple output (MIMO) signals. The antenna array comprises at least a first subpart of the antenna array comprising a first subsection of the plurality of antenna elements. A second subpart of the antenna array comprises a second subsection of the plurality of antenna elements. An alignment of the antenna elements in the second subpart deviates substantially by 30°-60° from an alignment of the antenna elements in the first subpart.