Abstract: An antenna array for a high frequency device includes a plurality of antenna elements used for a radar device and arranged in a two-dimensional array in a predetermined area. The plurality of antenna elements includes grouped on-elements and single on-elements with specific distance for grating lobe cancellation, each of them is electrically connected to a phase shifter. The on-elements are arranged such that density of the on-elements at a center portion in the two-dimensional array is high and density of the on-elements at four corners in the two-dimensional array is low.

Abstract: Examples of the disclosure relate to receiver apparatus and corresponding transmitter apparatus that can be configured in different operational states at different times. An example receiver apparatus comprises a plurality of downconverting means for downconverting separate antenna signals, one or more analog to digital converters, and one or more multiplexing means configurable in at least a first configuration and a second configuration. When the multiplexing means is configured in the first configuration the plurality of downconverting means and the one or more analog to digital converters are configured to enable separate antenna signals to be combined to provide hybrid beamforming or analog beamforming. The hybrid beamforming or analog beamforming can be provided across the bandwidth of the apparatus.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method (100) in a network device. The method (100) includes: determining (110) a number, N, of sets of beam vectors by: creating a first set of beam vectors orthogonal to each other; and determining an n-th set of beam vectors each obtained by linear combination of two or more beam vectors from the (n?1)-th set of beam vectors, where N and n are integers and N?n>1. The method (100) further includes: selecting (120), from one or more of the N sets, a plurality of beam vectors for beamforming of a radio signal.

Abstract: A transmitter device of a bi-static or multi-static radar system is disclosed and implemented for aerial surveillance. The transmitter device is intended to be on board a satellite orbiting the Earth. Once in orbit, the transmitter device is configured to obtain information relating to a region of interest monitored by at least one receiver device of the radar system, and to transmit a signal in a radio beam illuminating at least one portion of the region of interest.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus, a communication apparatus, and a steering adjustment method thereof are provided. The antenna apparatus includes an antenna structure. The antenna structure includes an antenna unit. The antenna unit includes i feeding ports, where i is a positive integer larger than 2. A vector of each of the feeding ports is controlled independently. In the steering adjustment method, a designated direction is determined, where the designated direction corresponds to beam directionality of the antenna structure. In addition, the vectors of the feeding ports of the antenna unit are configured according to the designated direction. Accordingly, the antenna size can be reduced, and beam steering in multiple directions would be achieved.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods, performed by a network node in a wireless network, for positioning a user equipment (UE) based on beams transmitted by the wireless network. Such methods include receiving, from the UE, first positioning measurements of first reference signals (RS) transmitted by the wireless network on a first plurality of beams. Such methods include, based on the first positioning measurements and transmission directions of the first plurality of beams, determining a second plurality of beams that differs from the first plurality of beams by at least one beam (e.g., subset, superset, partially overlapping, etc.). Various ways of obtaining the second plurality of beams are disclosed. Such methods also include obtaining second positioning measurements made by the UE on the second plurality of beams. Other embodiments include complementary methods performed by a UE, as well as network nodes and UEs configured to perform such methods.

Abstract: A system may include an optical phased array, a photodiode array, and a radiofrequency (RF) antenna element array. The optical phased array may be configured to: receive a laser signal from a signal laser; and output an optical beam. Each photodiode may be configured to: receive at least a portion of the optical beam and at least a portion of an optical plane wave beam, wherein the optical plane wave beam is formed based at least on a local oscillator (LO) laser that outputs a laser beam having a different wavelength from the signal laser; and output an electronic signal based on the at least the portion of the optical beam and the at least a portion of the optical plane wave beam. The RF antenna element array may be configured to output an RF beam based on received electronic signals from the photodiode array.

Abstract: The range of energy transmissions or bursts (e.g., the range of high power microwave (HPM) directed energy weapons) may be increased using multiple sources (e.g., multiple HPM sources). For instance, according to techniques described herein, the individual sources may be fired at precise times such that the electromagnetic pulses are efficiently generated by each source and accurately add waveform peaks on the target. One or more aspects of the described techniques achieve sub-nanosecond timing accuracy by placing an HPM source, ultra-stable clock, and a laser pulse detector on each HPM weapon platform. For instance, the array may be triggered by firing a laser pulse at the target from one platform. By timing the firing of each HPM source based upon when the reflected laser pulse arrives at each platform as measured by the clock, the HPM pulses may arrive on target more accurately (e.g., more simultaneously).

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for reporting channel state information (CSI) of a terminal in a wireless communication system. The method includes: measuring a CSI-RS (reference signal) transmitted from a base station through multiple panels; and reporting CSI generated based on the CSI-RS measurement to the base station, wherein, when the terminal reports a WB (Wideband) panel corrector and SB (Subband) panel corrector for the multiple panels as the CSI, the WB panel corrector and the SB panel corrector are reported with different bit widths.

Abstract: A wireless signal processing circuit includes plural phase switchers, plural variable amplifiers and plural mixers. The plural phase switchers are provided on each of plural paths along which all in-phase signal and a quadrature signal are distributed. The plural phase switchers rotate the phases of the signals by signal phase rotation amounts according to a transmission direction of a transmission signal. The plural variable amplifiers alter amplitudes of input signals or output signals of the corresponding phase switchers in accordance with the transmission direction of the transmission signal. The plural mixers up-convert frequencies of the signals processed by the corresponding phase switchers and variable amplifiers.

Abstract: Aspects of disclosure relate to beam steering at a multi-antenna device. The device receives an activation signal to activate one or more input ports of a Butler matrix and outputs signals from all output ports of the Butler matrix based on activation of the one or more input ports. The signals output from the output ports have varying phase shifts relative to each other. Moreover, the device phase shifts the signals output from the output ports via a plurality of phase shifters respectively coupled to the output ports. The phase shifted signals have further varying phase shifts relative to each other and a phase difference between adjacent phase shifted signals. Each one of a plurality of antenna elements at the device receives a phase shifted signal from an associated phase shifter and outputs a beam based on the phase shifted signal received from the associated phase shifter.

Abstract: In a first example embodiment, a control transmission portion of a mmWave communication is received at a user equipment. The control transmission portion is divided into a plurality of control transmission portion sub-regions, each sub-region scheduling a data transmission for a corresponding sub-region of a data transmission portion of the mmWave communication. Then a first of the control transmission portion sub-regions is demodulated and decoded. A receive analog antenna beamforming is armed according to the demodulated and decoded first of the control transmission portion sub-regions. Beamforming is performed on a first sub-region of the data transmission portion of the mmWave communication, the first sub-region of the data transmission portion corresponding to the first of the control transmission portion sub-regions. During the arming and performing, a second of the control transmission portion sub-regions is demodulated and decoded.

Abstract: A reference signal generator generates a reference signal having high auto-correlation. A delay unit delays the reference signal to generate delayed reference signals and outputs the reference signal and the delayed reference signals to the transmission units, respectively. A calibration network combines the output signals of the transmission units. An analyzer analyzes a correlation between a demodulated signal and the reference signal to determine variations of timing, amplitude and a phase of the output signal of each transmission unit. Each transmission unit calibrates the timing, amplitude and phase of the output signal based on a corresponding determination result.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for using angle error groups (AEGs) to improve angle of arrival (AoA) positioning may be provided. For example, for a specific received signal, one or more receiving antenna elements that can be considered to have almost the same incident angle within a certain margin may be defined as a group. The group of receive (Rx) antenna elements (or a group of Rx antennas) may be defined as an AEG. The configuration of an AEG for each TRP and the AEG may be used for AoA measurement and reporting. The gNB or transmit receive point (TRP) may perform AoA measurements and may determine an AoA for the AEGs.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining signal information based on wireless signals received from an external electronic device via a first antenna pair and a second antenna pair. The first and second antenna pairs are aligned along different axes. The signal information includes channel information, range information, a first angle of arrival (AoA) based on the first antenna pair, and a second AoA based on the second antenna pair. The method also includes generating an initial prediction of a presence of the external electronic device relative to a field of view (FoV) of the electronic device. The method further includes performing a smoothing operation on the range information and the first and second AoA, the smoothing operation generating a predicted location of the external electronic device relative to the FoV of the electronic device. Additionally, the method includes generating, based on the smoothing operation, confidence values associated with the predicted location.

Abstract: Antenna systems are provided. An antenna system includes a beamforming array having a plurality of vertical columns of radiating elements that are each configured to transmit at least three antenna beams per polarization. Moreover, the antenna system includes a beamforming radio having a plurality of radio frequency ports per polarization that are coupled to and fewer than the vertical columns.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, method, and computer program product embodiments for adapting to malware activity on a compromised computer system by detecting timing anomalies between timing signals. An embodiment operates by analyzing first timing data accessed from a validated source and second timing data accessed from an unvalidated receiver source in order to compute a threat detection value, which is utilized to determine if there is a discrepancy or anomaly in the timing or frequency of either the validated and unvalidated sources.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a first network node may transmit a first signal using a first antenna of the antenna array, the antenna array having a plurality of antennas that are arranged along a curved structure, wherein the curved structure is convex in a direction opposite a transmission direction, and wherein the first antenna is located at a first position on the curved structure so that the first signal has a first aperture with respect to the lens. The first network node may transmit a second signal using a second antenna of the plurality of antennas, wherein the second antenna is located at a second position on the curved structure so that the second signal has a second aperture with respect to the lens. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Disclosed in various embodiments of the present invention are a method and a device, the device comprising: an antenna module configured to form a plurality of beams having different directions; and a processor operatively connected to the antenna module, wherein the processor is configured to select a partial reception beam from among a plurality of reception beams, measure the reception power of the selected reception beam, determine a transmission condition through an artificial neural network on the basis of the measured reception power, and determine a reception beam for a communication connection by using the artificial neural network corresponding to the transmission condition. Various embodiments are possible.

Abstract: A method of calibrating an antenna array in a wireless network node is disclosed, the wireless network node including a plurality of antenna branches, each of the plurality of antenna branches including a respective antenna element. The method includes repeating operations of transmitting a slice of a fountain coded sequence through the plurality of antenna branches to the respective antenna elements, and for each antenna branch of the plurality of antenna branches, selecting the transmitted slice as a feedback signal through a return path and determining a signal quality of the feedback signal, until the signal quality of the feedback signal for each antenna branch is greater than a threshold level. The method further includes performing antenna calibration based on the feedback signal for each antenna branch. Related devices, computer programs and computer program products are disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless LAN router includes a directional antenna configured to transmit and receive wireless signals to and from each device, and a processing circuit. The processing circuit learns training data indicating an incoming direction of a wireless signal from an authorized device. The processing circuit then determines whether a wireless signal of a detection target device is a wireless signal from an authorized direction, using an incoming direction of the wireless signal from the detection target device received by the directional antenna and the training data obtained by the machine learning, and outputs a result of determination.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for beamforming training using a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). A WTRU may receive an indication of a number of space time slots (STSs) from an access point (AP) within a beacon frame during a beamforming training allocation. The WTRU may send a response signal to the AP in a specific STS based on a function of the number of STSs. The WTRU may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) from the AP confirming the response was received. Alternatively, the AP may send a signal indicating that a collision occurred and alter the number of STSs, and the WTRU may try again in the next beamforming training allocation.

Abstract: A multiband antenna, having a reflector, and a first array of first radiating elements having a first operational frequency band, the first radiating elements being a plurality of dipole arms, each dipole arm including a plurality of conductive segments coupled in series by a plurality of inductive elements; and a second array of second radiating elements having a second operational frequency band, wherein the plurality of conductive segments each have a length less than one-half wavelength at the second operational frequency band.

Abstract: A communication device includes a first antenna element, a second antenna element, a 180-degree hybrid circuit having a first port configured to generate a sum signal from multiple input signals and a second port configured to generate a difference signal from multiple input signals, a first phase shifter coupled with the 180-degree hybrid circuit to carry out a phase shift by a first phase value, and a second phase shifter coupled with the 180-degree hybrid circuit to carry out a phase shift by a second phase value. The first antenna element is connected to the first port of the 180-degree hybrid circuit while the second antenna element is connected to the second port of the 180-degree hybrid circuit.

Abstract: An antenna device includes first and second radiating elements, a first coil coupled to the first radiating element or a feeding circuit, a second coil coupled to the second radiating element and coupled to the first coil via an electromagnetic field, and an inductor. The first and second radiating elements are coupled to each other via an electric field. The harmonic resonant frequency of a resonance circuit defined by a transformer defined by the first coil and the second coil, the inductor, and the second radiating element exists within a communication frequency range. The harmonic resonant frequency is a (2n+1)th harmonic frequency, where n is an integer equal to or greater than 1.

Abstract: A method, an apparatus, and a computer-readable medium for wireless communication are provided. In some aspects, a base station may send a beam modification command that indicates a set of transmit beam indexes corresponding to a set of transmit beams of a base station, and each transmit beam index of the set of transmit beam indexes may indicate at least a transmit direction for transmitting a transmit beam by the base station. The base station may send, in association with the beam modification command, a reference signal using at least one transmit beam of the set of transmit beams, where a first portion of the reference signal is sent in a first set of symbols and a second portion of the reference signal is received in a second set of symbols.

Abstract: An aviation antenna assembly may include a plurality of antenna elements, a directional control switch associated with each of the antenna elements to enable each of the antenna elements to transition between transmitting via a transmission via a transmit chain or receive via a receive chain, beam forming network elements disposed in the transmit chain and the receive chain, and an electronically controlled phased array stirring assembly operably coupled to the directional control switch of each of the antenna elements and to the beam forming network elements to perform electrical stirring with respect to signals in the transmit chain and the receive chain. The antenna elements, the directional control switch, the beam forming network elements, and the electronically controlled phased array stirring assembly of the antenna assembly are all disposed within a single radome attachable to an aircraft body.

Abstract: An optical assembly for optical signal processing including a first input for coupling in a first light signal; a second input for coupling in a second light signal; a first beam splitter for splitting the first light signal into a first part and a second part; a second beam splitter for splitting the second light signal into a first part and a second part; a superposing unit; a detector; an electronic signal processing unit; at least one actuating unit; and a delay line for generating a delay of the running time of the first part of the first light signal and of the first part of the second light signal up to the superposing unit. The delay line is configured such that the first part of the first light signal and the first part of the second light signal pass through the delay line in opposite directions.

Abstract: A first communication device that simultaneously transmits to a group of two or more second communication devices using multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) communication performs beamforming training with a selected second communication device of said group of second communication devices by transmitting one or more training units, wherein an analog beamforming training matrix and/or a digital beamforming training matrix adapted for beamforming training with the selected second communication device are applied on the one or more training units, receiving from the selected second communication device feedback in response to the transmitted transmit packets, and determining, for use in the simultaneous transmission of data to a group of two or more second communication devices including the selected second communication device, an updated analog beamforming matrix and/or an updated digital beamforming matrix based at least on the received feedback.

Abstract: A reception method and apparatus for use in a multi-cell orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) wireless system. In a unicast receive mode during a first receive time period, a first group of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols is received by a mobile device from multiple of a plurality of antennas at a serving base station. In a single-frequency-network (SFN) receive mode during a second receive time period, a second group of OFDM symbols is received by the mobile device from one of a plurality of antennas at the serving base station. The transition between the first receive time period and the second receive time period occurs during a cyclic prefix or a cyclic postfix between OFDM symbols, and the plurality of antennas produce a first beam pattern during the unicast receive mode and a second beam pattern during the SFN receive mode.

Abstract: One example method includes transmitting a test signal through the transmit channel n, where the test signal is radiated by a service antenna element n corresponding to the transmit channel n and is received by a calibration antenna element in the phased array antenna. N coupling signals received by N calibration antenna elements coupled to the service antenna element n can then be obtained. Delay weighting can then be performed on the N coupling signals based on relative positions of the service antenna element n and each of the N calibration antenna elements to obtain N calibration signals. The N calibration signals can then be combined into the calibration signal corresponding to the transmit channel n. Calibration signals corresponding to all transmit channels in the phased array antenna can then be obtained. At least one of amplitudes or phases of the transmit channels can then be compensated for.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for use in a wireless network and method of operating such an antenna apparatus are provided. A wireless network controller provides a configuration of such an antenna apparatus, a method of operating such a wireless network controller, and a resulting wireless network. The antenna apparatus comprises a directional antenna and a uniform circular antenna array. The directional antenna can be rotatably positioned about an axis with respect to a fixed mounting portion of the apparatus in dependence on wireless signals received by the antenna array. The antenna array allows the antenna apparatus to receive wireless signals isotropically and thus to accurately monitor the wireless signal environment in which it finds itself. The antenna apparatus can thus monitor and characterise incoming signals, both from external interference sources and from other network nodes, and the directional antenna can then be positioned in rotation to improve the network throughput.

Abstract: A system for detecting receivers including at least one receiver, a container having a volume for containing the receiver, an antenna suitable for emitting a primary wave in the volume and for receiving a secondary wave emitted by the receiver in the volume in response to reception of the primary wave, and a controller suitable for controlling the emission of the primary wave and for detecting the receiver via the received secondary wave. The system further includes adjustable elements controlled by a control wave, attached to the container and having an impedance that can be modified. Each adjustable element includes a device for recovering energy from the primary wave and/or from the control wave in order to power itself, and a device for receiving the control wave which decodes an adjustment parameter so that the adjustable element controls its impedance.

Abstract: Antenna array and phased array system including a first and second antenna group, wherein the first antenna group includes two or more first antennas, and the second antenna group includes two or more second antennas, where in a first plane the one or more first and second antennas point in the same direction, and in a second plane, perpendicular to the first plane the one or more first antennas of the first antenna group are squinted by orientation away from the one or more second antennas of the second antenna group.

Abstract: A system and related method for multiple-sensitivity optical phase modulation splits an optical carrier generated by a photonic source into at least two copies and directs the copies through an electro-optical (EO) phase modulator wherein the optical field associated with the optical carrier overlaps with a radio frequency (RF) electrical field associated with a radio frequency (RF) input signal, such that the EO modulator phase-modulates each optical copy according to the RF input signal of interest based on characteristics distinct to each optical copy (e.g., relative strength of, or proximity of the optical carrier to, the overlapping electrical field) that provide for phase modulation of each optical copy at a different sensitivity voltage. The variably modified optical copies are directed to a photonic processor for further signal processing in the optical domain.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides for beam selection by a mobile device based on a sensor state of the mobile in order to mitigate hand blockage. The mobile device detects, during operation of the mobile device, a sensor state caused by a hand of an operator on the mobile device. The mobile device selects for communication, while operating in the sensor state, a refined beam set corresponding to the sensor state based on reference signals. The mobile device trains a machine learning model based on a set of training data including pairs of the sensor state and the refined beam set to select a first set of beam weights from a second set of beam weights based on a detected sensor state. The mobile device selects for communication a hand blockage state including the first set of beam weights for a current detected sensor state based on the machine learning model.

Abstract: A defense system that receives information regarding an incoming object(s), then automatically coordinates spoofing or jamming of SATNAV signals potentially used by the incoming object(s) while also informing friendly systems of the spoofing or jamming of SATNAV signal.

Abstract: Empirically modulated antenna systems and related methods are disclosed herein. An empirically modulated antenna system includes an antenna and a controller programmed to control the antenna. The antenna includes a plurality of discrete scattering elements arranged in a one- or two-dimensional arrangement. A method includes modulating operational states of at least a portion of a plurality of discrete scattering elements of the antenna in a plurality of different modulation patterns. The plurality of different modulation patterns includes different permutations of the discrete scattering elements operating in different operational states. The method also includes evaluating a performance parameter of the antenna responsive to the plurality of different empirical one- or two-dimensional modulation patterns. The method further includes operating the antenna in one of the plurality of different one- or two-dimensional empirical modulation patterns selected based, at least in part, on the performance parameter.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a swappable modular-based radiofrequency (RF) frontend that is reconfigurable to form transmitting (TX) and receiving (RX) phased array systems for diverse applications. Such swappable RF frontend may be used with unique spatial and spectral optical processing of complex RF signals over an ultra-wide frequency band. The swappable RF front end may be used in conjunction with an optically upconverted imaging receiver and/or in conjunction with optically addressed phased array technologies transmitters.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to random access methods, apparatus, and devices. One example method includes adjusting a sweeping parameter of a receive beam when at least one target receive beam is determined based on prior information, and sweeping the receive beam based on the adjusted sweeping parameter. The prior information includes at least one of cell historical information or cell handover information. The sweeping parameter includes at least one of a sweeping frequency, a sweeping sequence, a beam direction, or a beam width. The receive beam includes the at least one target receive beam. The receive beam is used to receive a random access preamble sent by a terminal. After a base station receives, on the receive beam, the random access preamble sent by the terminal, the terminal randomly accesses the base station for data communication.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing an antenna are described.

Abstract: An optical phased array includes a first multitude of tiles forming an array of optical signal transmitters and/or receivers. Each such tile includes optical components for processing of an optical signal. The phased array further includes a second multitude of tiles each positioned below one of the first multitude of tiles. Each of the second multitude of tiles includes a circuit for processing of an electrical signal and is in electrical communication with one or more of the first multitude of tiles. Each of the first multitude of tiles is adapted to receive in a modular form, be adjacent to, and couple to at least one additional tile that is similar to that tile. Each of the second multitude of tiles is adapted to receive in a modular form, be adjacent to, and couple to at least one additional tile that is similar to that tile.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described that support beam correlation across frequency bands for beam selection in the event of a frequency switch. For example, a base station may determine a configuration indicating a mapping between a set of beam identifiers (IDs) and a set of angle coverage ranges for a set of frequency ranges which corresponds to a user equipment's (UE) operating frequencies. In some examples, the UE may undergo a frequency switch and switch from a first operating frequency to a second operating frequency. The UE may select a beam ID based on the mapping and communicate with the base station via the second operating frequency using a beam associated with the selected beam ID.

Abstract: An antenna array calibration device and method thereof are provided. The method includes measuring the power total of the antenna array, controlling active components to adjust the antennas to having a maximum amplitude, controlling phase shifters to adjust the antennas to having a random phase, calculating the phase difference between an initial phase and a random phase, calculating the amplitude difference between an initial amplitude and the maximum amplitude, introducing the phase difference, the amplitude difference and the power total of the antenna array into a simultaneous equation of amplitudes and phases to obtain the initial amplitude and the initial phase of the antennas, and adjusting the phase of the antenna array if there is a real number solution of the equation, or otherwise adjusting the phase of the antenna array to another random phase to obtain a real number solution of the equation.

Abstract: A transmitter supports beamforming function using a plurality of antenna elements. The transmitter includes a dither signal generator which, in operation, generates pseudo random sequence signals as dither signals for lower bits of digital signals, the pseudo random sequence signals being different from each other, the digital signals each corresponding to respective one of the plurality of antenna elements, and a plurality of digital-to-analog converters which, in operation, adds the dither signals generated by the dither signal generator to the lower bits of the digital signals, and converts only upper bits of addition results of the digital signals and the dither signals into analog signals.

Abstract: A universal transmit-receive (UTR) module for phased array systems comprises an antenna element shared for both transmitting and receiving; a transmit path that includes a transmit-path phase shifter, a driver, a switch-mode power amplifier (SMPA) that is configured to be driven by the driver, and a dynamic power supply (DPS) that generates and supplies a DPS voltage to the power supply port of the SMPA; and a receive path that includes a TX/RX switch that determines whether the receive path is electrically connected to or electrically isolated from the antenna element, a bandpass filter (BPF) that aligns with the intended receive frequency and serves to suppress reflected transmit signals and reverse signals, an adjustable-gain low-noise amplifier (LNA), and a receive-path phase shifter. The UTR module is specially designed for operation in phased array systems.

Abstract: An antenna module includes digital phase shifters, a plurality of antenna elements arranged in a first direction, and a fixed phase shifter. Each of the digital phase shifters changes a phase of a signal to a first phase value. The fixed phase shifter changes a phase of a signal to a second phase value, the second phase value being obtained by adding a predetermined offset phase value to the first phase value. A middle point of a virtual line is an antenna center and connects a center of an antenna element located on an end in the first direction and a center of an antenna element located on a different end. Under a symmetrical condition, an antenna center among the plurality of antenna elements are paired as an antenna element pair, the fixed phase shifter is electrically connected to at least one antenna element of the antenna element pair.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a beamforming method and device based on phase shifter switching control, and a system. The method includes: acquiring a channel vector of a channel of each of low-load terminals; acquiring, based on the channel vector, contribution degrees of phase shifters corresponding to the channel; sequentially changing a connected state of each of the phase shifters from closing to opening based on the contribution degrees of the phase shifters corresponding to the channel, calculating a to-be-processed signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the low-load terminal after changing the connected state of the phase shifter once, stopping to change the connected state of the phase shifter if the to-be-processed SINR meets a preset condition, and changing the connected state of the phase shifter meeting the preset condition to the closing.

Abstract: A lens elements array comprises at least two lens elements aligned along an alignment axis. Each lens element includes a spherical lens and a feed element. The feed elements are tilted such that the RF signals generated by the feed elements have major axes form an angle (preferably between 5° and 30°) other than a perpendicular angle with respect to the alignment axis. The combined RF signals produced collectively by these feed elements have amplitude that has minimal dips across the array. The feed elements that are farther away from the center of the array have higher levels of tilts than the feed elements that are closer to the center of the array.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for enabling user equipment (UE) positioning based on angle estimation in millimeter wave (mmW) bands. An example method for determining a location of a mobile device includes transmitting array gain information to a network entity, the array gain information including beam pattern information based at least in part on a sub-band and a state of the mobile device, receiving one or more reference signals in one or more sub-bands, wherein a receive beam for each of the one or more reference signals is based at least in part on the sub-band the one or more reference signals are being received in, and on a current state of the mobile device, determining measurement values based on the one or more reference signals, and determining the location of the mobile device based at least in part on the measurement values.