Abstract: A system for sharing copyrighted digital content, including a first device configured to be worn by a user, the first device comprising an index system to manage digital content stored on, streamed to, or transmitted to the first device. At least one mechanism is included for sensory playback of the digital content. At least one mechanism is included for forming a wireless local network with at least one second device. In embodiments, an active RFID reader is also included, for use with an object containing a passive RFID tag. The RFID tag functions to perform at least one of: authorize use of the digital content by the first device; act as an index decision node input; authorize the first device and the at least one second device to form the wireless local network; and authorize use of mechanical and software features and functions of the first device.

Abstract: An accommodation station transmission unit modulates light based on an RF signal to generate an optical signal and outputs the generated optical signal, a base station transmission unit demultiplexes the output optical signal for each of wavelengths, outputs the demultiplexed optical signals, converts the demultiplexed optical signals into electrical signals to demodulate the RF signal, outputs the demodulated RF signal, and each of first ports of a matrix operation unit including the plurality of first ports and a plurality of second ports and configured to use each of the first ports as a reference port and perform, on signals obtained by the reference ports, a BFN matrix operation of performing phase changes that are different for each of positions of the reference ports and cause each of phases of signals output from the plurality of second ports to have a linear inclination receives the demodulated RF signal and forms transmission beams in different directions for each of wavelengths by a plurality of tr

Abstract: n wavelengths set such that delay differences between optical signals due to wavelength dispersion in an optical fiber between accommodation and base stations are at equal intervals are assigned to n antenna elements of the base station which are at predetermined intervals. The accommodation station adjusts the phases of optical signals of the wavelengths or modulated signals that modulate the optical signals such that the amounts of phase shift of their RF signals are at predetermined intervals. The accommodation station transmits beacon signals multiple times while varying a transmission phase shift interval ?1 and the terminal transmits beacon number information of a beacon signal selected based on received power multiple times.

Abstract: Example embodiments described herein involve techniques for removing transmit phase noise. A system may cause a printed circuit board (PCB) to supply a signal enabling the transmission line to couple the signal to the radar unit and the delay line to couple the signal to the quadrature coupler. The radar unit may use the signal to transmit a radar signal on a radio channel having a centered radio frequency while the quadrature coupler uses the signal to produce an output from the quadrature coupler. The system may estimate phase noise relative to the radio channel having the centered RF based on the output from the quadrature coupler, receive, from the radar unit, a radar reflection corresponding to the radar signal, and determine information representative of one or more objects in an environment based on the radar reflection and the phase noise.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present disclosure, a phased array antenna system includes a first portion carrying an antenna lattice including a plurality of antenna elements, wherein the plurality of antenna elements are arranged in a first configuration, and a second portion carrying a beamformer lattice including a plurality of beamformer elements, wherein the plurality of beamformer elements are arranged in a second configuration different from the first configuration, wherein each of the plurality of antenna elements are electrically coupled to one of the plurality of beamformer elements.

Abstract: A method for downloading content into a wearable device is described. The method includes utilizing an application executable on a computing device to create a user account via a web portal, affixing an object to a receiving portion of a wearable device, detecting the object by the receiving portion of the wearable device, reading tag data of the object, verifying that the wearable device is associated with the user account, confirming a purchase of the digital content of the object, and utilizing the tag data to interact with a cloud backend to download the digital content.

Abstract: An optical beamforming device includes an RF front-end transmitting or receiving RF signals and an optical beamformer forming or compensating for a time delay for each of the plurality of channels based on the RF signals. The optical beamformer includes E/O converters converting the RF signals into optical signals, respectively, a linear modulator generating an optical modulation signal based on an RF input signal, a TTD array outputting an optical combined signal obtained by compensating for a time delay degree of the input optical signals or outputting output optical signals, in each of which a time delay is formed for each channel, by distributing the optical modulation signal, a photo detector generating an RF output signal to an RF back-end based on the optical combined signal, and O/E converters converting the output optical signals into RF signals, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods of using of optical delay lines in RF imagers, e.g., Ultra-wideband (UWB) imagers. In an embodiment, a modulator can be configured to convert radio-frequency signals to optical signal. First and second optical delay lines delay respective first and second optical signals converted by the modulator, and a photodetector can convert the delayed optical signals to at least one electrical signal corresponding to at least one pixel of a radio frequency image. The disclosed systems and methods can also further form a radio-frequency image based on output from the photodetector. In still further embodiments, the photodetector can receive modulated optical signals from an array of optical delays. Also provided are related methods of using the disclosed systems and devices.

Abstract: An apparatus includes multiple computing cores, where each computing core is configured to perform one or more processing operations and generate input data. The apparatus also includes multiple coprocessors associated with each computing core, where each coprocessor is configured to receive the input data from at least one of the computing cores, process the input data, and generate output data. The apparatus further includes multiple reducer circuits, where each reducer circuit is configured to receive the output data from each of the coprocessors of an associated computing core, apply one or more functions to the output data, and provide one or more results to the associated computing core. In addition, the apparatus includes multiple communication links communicatively coupling the computing cores and the coprocessors associated with the computing cores.

Abstract: A phased array antenna system comprises a feeding network which includes power combiners/dividers and an amplitude tapering system. The phased array antenna system comprises a plurality of antenna elements coupled to the feeding network. The amplitude tapering system is configured to generate amplitude coefficients and apply an amplitude tapering function on a transmitted or received radio frequency signal. The amplitude tapering function comprises a combination of a least two disparate amplitude tapering functions.

Abstract: Transmitting and receiving apparatuses, transmitting and receiving methods, and a transceiver for a phased array antenna are provided. The transmitting apparatus may comprise a laser light source configured to provide an optical beam comprising one or more spectral components. The transmitting apparatus may comprise a modulator configured to modulate the optical beam with a signal to be transmitted. The transmitting apparatus may comprise one or more group delay controlling units configured to add one or more controllable time delays to the one or more spectral components. Further, the transmitting apparatus may comprise a plurality of waveguides each having a chromatic dispersion configured to guide the optical beam, wherein the laser light source is tunable to control time delays added by the plurality of waveguides.

Abstract: Systems and methods relating to self-calibration of an antenna array of a transceiver are disclosed. In some embodiments, a method of operation of a transceiver to perform self-calibration for transmit (Tx) antenna elements and receive (Rx) antenna elements in an antenna array comprises performing gain measurements and phase measurements for pairs of Tx and Rx antenna elements in the antenna array. The method further comprises processing the gain measurements and the phase measurements based on combinations of Tx and Rx antenna elements having symmetrical coupling properties to obtain gain and phase calibration values for the plurality of Tx antenna elements and the plurality of Rx antenna elements in the antenna array and applying the gain and phase calibration values at the transceiver. In this manner, self-calibration can be performed at the transceiver dynamically with low complexity.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. The UE first receives a first signaling, the first signaling indicating to transmit a first bit block in a first time-frequency resource block, then receives a second signaling, the second signaling indicating to transmit a second bit block in a second time-frequency resource block, and finally transmits a second radio signal in the second time-frequency resource block; the second bit block is used for generating the second radio signal; the first bit block includes a first bit subblock and a second bit subblock; the transmission mode in the first time-frequency resource block is associated with a relationship between an end time of time-frequency resources in the first time-frequency resource block assigned to the first bit subblock and a start time of the second time-frequency resource block.

Abstract: A system and method for improving for amplifying an electronic signal by using high efficiency amplifiers to amplify one analog or digital signal at a time. The system further improves performance by providing parallel communication pathways throughout the entire transport and distribution chain. By creating parallel processing paths, both optically and electrically, the interaction of multiple signals are limited thereby avoiding unwanted intermodulation and noise.

Abstract: A radar apparatus for estimating position of a plurality of obstacles. The radar apparatus includes a receive antenna unit. The receive antenna unit includes a linear array of antennas and an additional antenna at a predefined offset from at least one antenna in the linear array of antennas. The radar apparatus also includes a signal processing unit. The signal processing unit estimates an azimuth frequency associated with each obstacle of the plurality of obstacles from a signal received from the plurality of obstacles at the linear array of antennas. In addition, the signal processing unit estimates an azimuth angle and an elevation angle associated with each obstacle from the estimated azimuth frequency associated with each obstacle.

Abstract: Embodiments of the inventive concepts disclosed herein are directed to a system for cancelling interference. The system may include a first antenna and a second antenna spatially separated from the first antenna. The system may include a first time delay unit, coupled to the first antenna, and configured to apply a first time delay and first power gain on a first signal received by the first antenna. The system may include a control circuit, coupled to the first time delay unit, and configured to determine the first time delay and first power gain to cause a modified version of the first signal and a second signal, received by the second antenna, to be aligned in time and power levels.

Abstract: A system and method are described for distributed antenna wireless communications.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a method and a device in a User Equipment (UE) and a base station for wireless communication. The UE first receives a first signaling, the first signaling being used for determining a number of bits included in a first bit block; then the UE performs first listening to determine that a first frequency-domain resource set is available for wireless transmission; and finally the UE transmits a first radio signal in a first time-domain resource set of the first frequency-domain resource set; a second bit block is used for generating the first radio signal, and the second bit block is obtained after the first bit block is processed through channel coding; and the first time-domain resource set is related to a number of bits not transmitted in a current second bit block and the first frequency-domain resource set. The disclosure improves opportunities of transmission on unlicensed spectrum.

Abstract: A base station testing system may receive one or more input signals originating from one or more transceivers of a base station. The base station testing system may form, based on the one or more input signals, one or more output signals associated with a beam direction. The base station testing system may provide a feedback signal, that is based on the one or more output signals, to a calibration component of the base station.

Abstract: Marine seismic surveys, including ocean bottom surveys, utilizing marine vibrator arrays that are capable of being driven in anti-phase to produce a directional source gradient. Marine seismic surveys may include activating the vibrator array to emit a plurality of radiation patterns with at least a first radiation pattern that has a first notch at a take-off angle that is not close to vertical. Some marine seismic surveys includes emitting directive wavefields from two or more simultaneous seismic source arrays, where the two or more seismic source arrays have a phase that changes from shot-to-shot to allow simultaneous source separation of the directive wavefields.

Abstract: An automotive radar system comprises: a master module, a first radar module, a second radar module, and an optical waveguide arrangement operably coupling the master module to the first and second radar modules. The master module comprises an electro-optical interface device having an electrical domain side and an optical domain side. The optical domain side is operably coupled to the optical waveguide arrangement. The master module comprises a digital clock signal generator operably coupled to the electrical domain side of the electro-optical interface device.

Abstract: Various examples are provided related to hybrid multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) architectures. Beam steering can be provided using lens arrays. In one example, a hybrid antenna system includes a plurality of lens antenna subarrays (LAS), each of the LAS including a plurality of antenna elements configured to selectively receive a radio frequency (RF) transmission signal from RF processing circuitry, and a lens extending across the plurality of antenna elements. The RF transmission signal can be provided to a selected antenna of the plurality of antenna elements via a switching network and a common phase shifter for transmission. The lens can be configured to steer a RF transmission generated by the selected antenna in a defined direction. The selected antenna can be determined by the switching network configuration.

Abstract: Dual resonator for flat panel antennas is disclosed. In one example, an antenna comprises a single physical antenna aperture having at least two spatially interleaved antenna sub-arrays of antenna elements operable as two resonator sets with a frequency offset with respect to each other. The antenna sub-arrays are operated together to form a beam in the desired frequency band. Each sub-array has a modulation pattern calculated based on holographic beam steering algorithms. The frequency offset between the sub-arrays can be achieved, e.g., by geometrical differences of the radiative antenna elements or differences in electromagnetic loading of the radiative antenna elements. By using two or dual resonator sets with frequency offset, significant improvement to dynamic bandwidth can be achieved in contrast to a single resonator antenna by expanding the dynamic bandwidth range with dual resonators.

Abstract: A communications system includes a ground hub, mobile airborne platforms, and a user terminal. The ground hub includes an antenna system, a beam-forming system and a baseband processor. The antenna system receives return-link signals radiated respectively by the mobile airborne platforms. The return-link signals correspond to signal streams transmitted by the user terminal and received by the mobile airborne platforms. The signal streams correspond to data streams including a known pilot code stream. The beam-forming system forms beams to receive the return-link signals and transforms the received return-link signals into baseband signals. The baseband processor includes adaptive equalizers to equalize the baseband signals and a wavefront demultiplexing processor to perform a wavefront demultiplexing transform on the equalized baseband signals to produce recovered versions of the data streams.

Abstract: A wireless communications system includes a baseband processing unit (BBU), an optical multiplexer, M (greater than or equal to 2) first optical transceivers, and a wireless radio frequency apparatus, where the M first optical transceivers are provided between the BBU and the optical multiplexer, and operating wavelengths of the M first optical transceivers are different from each other. The wireless radio frequency apparatus includes M remote radio units (RRUs), M second optical transceivers separately corresponding to the M first optical transceivers, and at least one optical splitter, where the M second optical transceivers are separately connected to the M RRUs, and an operating wavelength of a first optical transceiver matches an operating wavelength of a corresponding second optical transceiver. The M second optical transceivers are connected to a same optical fiber by the optical splitter, and the optical fiber is connected to the optical multiplexer and the optical splitter.

Abstract: An antenna system includes a power divider, a first antenna array, a second antenna array, a third antenna array, a delay device, a first switch element, and a second switch element. The power divider has a first output port, a second output port, and a third output port. The first antenna array is coupled to the first output port. The second antenna array is coupled to the second output port. The third antenna array is coupled to the third output port. The first switch element determines whether to couple the first output port to the delay device according to a first control signal. The second switch element determines whether to couple the third output port to a ground voltage according to a second control signal.

Abstract: A thermostat for transmitting data wirelessly to a controller in a building includes a temperature sensor, a processing circuit, and a wireless radio. The processing circuit is configured to receive a measured temperature value from the temperature sensor, determine a current temperature error based on the current measured temperature value and a setpoint temperature, and determine whether a difference between the current temperature error and a previous temperature error is greater than an error threshold. The processing circuit is configured to determine whether a minimum amount of time has passed since transmitting a previous measured temperature value and transmit the current measured temperature value to the controller via the wireless transmitter in response to determining that both the difference between the current temperature error and the previous temperature error is greater than the error threshold and the minimum amount of time has passed since transmitting a temperature value.

Abstract: A transmitting apparatus includes an optical modulator configured to modulate input light from a light source into a light signal including a carrier signal and a sideband signal based on a radio frequency (RF) signal, having polarization characteristics crossing each other, an optical power splitter configured to split the light signal into a plurality of light signals, a plurality of light phase shifters configured to respectively shift phases of the plurality of light signals, a plurality of polarization controllers configured to perform control so that a carrier signal and a sideband signal included in each of the phase-shifted plurality of light signals have the same polarization characteristic, and a plurality of photodetectors configured to convert the plurality of light signals, having polarization characteristics controlled by the plurality of polarization controllers, into a plurality of electrical signals and to transfer the electrical signals to a plurality of antenna elements.

Abstract: A radar apparatus for estimating position of a plurality of obstacles. The radar apparatus includes a receive antenna unit. The receive antenna unit includes a linear array of antennas and an additional antenna at a predefined offset from at least one antenna in the linear array of antennas. The radar apparatus also includes a signal processing unit. The signal processing unit estimates an azimuth frequency associated with each obstacle of the plurality of obstacles from a signal received from the plurality of obstacles at the linear array of antennas. In addition, the signal processing unit estimates an azimuth angle and an elevation angle associated with each obstacle from the estimated azimuth frequency associated with each obstacle.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a base station, including an antenna unit and a radio frequency unit. A port corresponding to a receive channel that is of the radio frequency unit and in a working state and a port corresponding to a transmit channel that is of the radio frequency unit and in the working state are separately connected to ports corresponding to different dual-polarized dipoles or different single-polarized dipoles in the antenna unit. The different dual-polarized dipoles or the different single-polarized dipoles in the antenna unit are mutually isolated.

Abstract: A dual-notch antenna includes a radiation member and two microstrip lines. The radiation member is formed in a rectangular shape, with two first lateral sides disposed in opposite, and two second lateral sides disposed on two ends of the two first sides, respectively. The middle section of each first lateral side is concavely provided with a notch. Each notch has a feeding side and two cove sides, wherein the feeding side is disposed in parallel to the first lateral sides. The two cove sides are connected with two ends of the feeding side. Each microstrip line has one end thereof electrically connected with the feeding side of the corresponding notch, respectively.

Abstract: A calibration network system for an array antenna and method for calibrating of the array antenna are described. The system includes a pair of rectangular waveguides stacked in parallel relation to each other and spaced apart at a distance of a quarter of an operating wavelength. The rectangular waveguides includes through-holes extending through a side-wall of the stacked rectangular waveguides from a bottom of a lower waveguide to a top of an upper waveguide to accommodate coaxial transmission lines. The side-wall has openings between the through-holes and an interior region of the rectangular waveguides in order to provide coupling of the coaxial transmission lines into the pair of rectangular waveguides. The system includes 90 degree phase shifter coupled to the upper rectangular waveguide, and a power divider/combiner coupled to a reference T/R Module, to the 90 degree phase shifter and to the lower rectangular waveguide.

Abstract: A flight interference apparatus enabling it to block intrusion by a miniature unmanned aerial vehicle which is remotely piloted by radio communication into an area to be protected, suppress influence on communication within and outside the area, and reduce the number of required antenna devices. The flight interference apparatus includes one or a plurality of antenna devices which radiate a jamming signal from a directional antenna, and the directional antenna includes a radiating element which radiates a jamming signal of a predetermined frequency band and a reflector which gives directionality to the jamming signal in its radiation direction.

Abstract: Apparatuses, methods, and systems for beamforming to multiple users using switched passive time-delay structures are disclosed. One method includes an input switch that receives a plurality of input signals for transmission. Further, the apparatus includes a plurality of passive time-delay structures, wherein the input switch selectively connects the plurality of input signals to at least one of the plurality of passive time-delay structures, and wherein each of the passive time-delay structures is preconfigured to provide a plurality of delayed signals wherein each of the plurality of delayed signals is a delayed version of a one of the plurality of input signals. The apparatus further includes an antenna array, wherein the antenna array receives the plurality of delayed signals of the passive time-delay structures, and generates a beamforming pattern corresponding with a selected one of the passive time-delay structures.

Abstract: A retro-directive antenna system on a mobile airborne platform for communication with a ground hub located within a coverage area. The system comprises an antenna array, a receive beamforming network, and a diagnostic processor. The antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna elements. The receive beamforming network generates concurrently a plurality of receive beams for the respective antenna elements. The receive beams correspond to respective beam positions within the coverage area. A first beam position points to the ground hub and a corresponding receive beam receives a target signal from the ground hub. The diagnostic processor determines a best position for the first beam position based on a ranking system and controls the receive beamforming network by updating the beam positions based on the best position for the first beam position.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for controlling digital-to-analog converters (DAC), the method comprising: providing a plurality of digital-to-analog converters (DAC) of a multi-channel converter array wherein each DAC includes a separate clock generator; generating, by each clock generator, a RF carrier signal; converting, by each DAC, digital data signals into analog RF data signals based on the carrier signals of the corresponding clock generators; providing a separate control signal for each clock generator wherein the control signals comprise control information such that when the control signals are applied to the corresponding clock generators the different analog RF data signals provided at respective output terminals of each DAC comprise a pre-defined phase shift to each other; controlling the clock generator of each DAC directly and independently based on the provided control signals. The invention further relates to a converter arrangement RF transmit circuit arrangement.

Abstract: An apparatus includes multiple parallel computing cores, where each computing core is configured to perform one or more processing operations and generate input data. The apparatus also includes multiple parallel coprocessors associated with each computing core. The apparatus further includes multiple communication lines configured to transport the input data from each computing core to a designated one of the coprocessors associated with each of the computing cores, where the coprocessors are configured to process the input data and generate output data. In addition, the apparatus includes multiple reducer circuits, where each computing core is associated with one of the reducer circuits. Each reducer circuit is configured to receive the output data from each of the coprocessors of the associated computing core, to apply one or more functions to the output data, and to provide one or more results to the associated computing core.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a mobile communications system having improved spectral efficiency. The invention is further directed to methods and apparatus to achieve this improved spectral efficiency. In the mobile communications system communication with a plurality of mobile terminals is provided by a base station. Within the system terminals are adapted to communicate with one or more adjacent similar terminals to establish groups of terminals, called micro-cells. Each terminal within a micro-cell receives signals from the base station and then performs a first processing step on these signals. These processed signals are shared with all the other terminals within the micro-cell. Each terminal then performs a second processing step on the information it has received from all the other terminals within the micro-cell which enables it to derive a signal intended for reception by that terminal.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to optical circuits for mitigating power loss in medical imaging systems and methods for using such circuits. Circuits of the invention can involve a first optical path, a second optical path, and a means for recombining an optical signal transmitted through the first and second optical paths by sequentially gating the first and second optical paths to a single output.

Abstract: Provided are a system and a method for determining an angle. The method includes: determining differences between signal strengths of incident waves received by a first directional antenna of an anchor node from a tested node and signal strengths of incident waves received by a second directional antenna of the anchor node from the tested node at multiple angles, wherein the first directional antenna and the second directional antenna are mounted at a same point, and an area formed by the first directional antenna is partially superposed with an area formed by the second directional antenna; and taking an angle corresponding to a minimum difference in the differences as an angle between a line connecting the anchor node and the tested node and a horizontal reference line. The present technical solution achieves the technical effect of positioning a target accurately when the positioning device is low in complexity.

Abstract: A radar system includes a plurality of radiating elements configured to radiate electromagnetic energy and a plurality of feed waveguides defining a common plane and configured to guide electromagnetic energy to the plurality of radiating elements. The radar system also includes a plurality of waveguides arranged as a dividing network. The dividing network is also configured to split the electromagnetic energy from the source among the plurality of feed waveguides, such that each feed waveguide receives a respective portion of the electromagnetic energy. Additionally, the dividing network is configured to adjust a phase of the electromagnetic energy received by each waveguide. The splitting and adjusting of the dividing network may be based on differences in width between the waveguides of the dividing network and the feed waveguides. The dividing network of waveguides is located in the common plane of the feed waveguides.

Abstract: An apparatus includes multiple parallel computing cores, where each computing core is configured to perform one or more processing operations and generate input data. The apparatus also includes multiple parallel coprocessors associated with each computing core. The apparatus further includes multiple communication lines configured to transport the input data from each computing core to a designated one of the coprocessors associated with each of the computing cores, where the coprocessors are configured to process the input data and generate output data. In addition, the apparatus includes multiple reducer circuits, where each computing core is associated with one of the reducer circuits. Each reducer circuit is configured to receive the output data from each of the coprocessors of the associated computing core, to apply one or more functions to the output data, and to provide one or more results to the associated computing core.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a base station, including an antenna unit and a radio frequency unit. A port corresponding to a receive channel that is of the radio frequency unit and in a working state and a port corresponding to a transmit channel that is of the radio frequency unit and in the working state are separately connected to ports corresponding to different dual-polarized dipoles or different single-polarized dipoles in the antenna unit. The different dual-polarized dipoles or the different single-polarized dipoles in the antenna unit are mutually isolated.

Abstract: A tilt adapter configured to facilitate a desired tilt of a first radio frequency (RF) band and a second RF band of an antenna is disclosed. The antenna supports two or more frequency bands, in which the vertical tilt of each of the supported frequency bands is separately controlled by a coarse level of phase shifting, but commonly controlled by a fine level of phase shifting.

Abstract: An antenna comprising a plurality of sub-arrays and methods and structure for restoring performance after a transceiver failure is provided. Each sub-array may include a power divider/combiner network, a first radiating element coupled to a first port of the power divider/combiner network, a second radiating element coupled to a second port of the power divider/combiner network, and a transceiver coupled to a third port of the power divider/combiner network. An adjustable power supply may be coupled to each transceiver, the adjustable power supply having current monitors to detect at least one failure state of a transceiver, and a power compensation mode to increase absolute power to a transceiver in a non-failed state. The adjustable power supply provides a first voltage in normal operation and a second voltage, where the second voltage is higher than the first voltage in power compensation mode.

Abstract: A variably controlled stagger antenna array architecture is disclosed. The array employs a plurality of driven radiating elements that are spatially arranged having each radiating element or element groups orthogonally movable relative to a main vertical axis. This provides a controlled variation of the antenna array's azimuth radiation pattern without excessive side lobe radiation over full range of settings.

Abstract: A radar apparatus for estimating position of a plurality of obstacles. The radar apparatus includes a receive antenna unit. The receive antenna unit includes a linear array of antennas and an additional antenna at a predefined offset from at least one antenna in the linear array of antennas. The radar apparatus also includes a signal processing unit. The signal processing unit estimates an azimuth frequency associated with each obstacle of the plurality of obstacles from a signal received from the plurality of obstacles at the linear array of antennas. In addition, the signal processing unit estimates an azimuth angle and an elevation angle associated with each obstacle from the estimated azimuth frequency associated with each obstacle.

Abstract: A method includes pointing a receive beam of a retro-directive antenna array attracted to a jammer circuit instead of a remote transmitter away from the jammer circuit toward the remote transmitter by a first angle based on coarse manual means therefor implemented in electronic circuitry associated with the retro-directive antenna array. The electronic circuitry includes a number of mixers, each of which is configured to mix a Local Oscillator (LO) signal generated from a Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) with a signal received at an antenna element of the retro-directive antenna array. The method also includes automatically fine pointing the receive beam toward the remote transmitter by a second angle following the coarse pointing thereof by the first angle such that the receive beam exactly points to, and tracks, the remote transmitter. The automatic fine pointing is effected through a secondary automatic servo loop implemented in the electronic circuitry.

Abstract: A feeding network is realized by dielectric phase shifting module. The module includes a dielectric device into which interlayer space is defined, a first conductor and a second conductor disposed side by side into the interlayer space and a third conductor located outside of the interlayer space and connected, at different locations, to one end, located at a same side, of each of the first and second conductors. Another end of the first conductor is defined as an input end, while another end of the second conductor and any end of the third conductor are all defined as output ends. The dielectric device is configured to slide along a longitudinal direction of the first and second conductors under external force so as to change phase of signals fed in from the input end and fed out from the output ends. Two dielectric phase-shift modules constitute a phase-shift unit thereof.

Abstract: A vehicle traffic sensor for detecting and monitoring vehicular targets is presented. The sensor employs a planar design resulting in a reduced profile sensor. The sensor includes a multi-layer radio frequency board with RF components on one of the sides and both isolation and planar array antennas on the opposing side. The antennas are preferably tapered planar array antennas which include one transmit antenna and one receive antenna. The sensor also includes at least one logic or signal processing board populated with components on a first side and a ground plane on a second side positioned toward the RF componentry of the RF board to form an RF shield. The boards are housed within a housing that is permeable, at least on the side through which the antenna structures propagate.