Abstract: One or more electrochromic surfaces (11) (formed on rigid or flexible carrier surfaces) are used in various ways with one or more radio frequency energy radiating elements (10) and/or guiding elements (91 and 120) to lend selective reflectivity to achieve greater resultant control over directionality, gain, phase, and/or shape of the radiated energy.

Abstract: A method of measuring a pattern of electromagnetic radiation. A plurality of scattered electromagnetic radiation samples are sensed from a transmitted signal formed from electromagnetic radiation. Thereafter, an antenna pattern from the scattered electromagnetic radiation samples is developed. Each scattered sample includes two-dimensional information corresponding with the power detected at a specific coordinate. The scattered samples may be arranged in a matrix, enabling a three-dimensional beamshape of the antenna pattern to be formulated.

Abstract: A low profile, vehicle mounted, in-motion tracking, satellite antenna includes a pair of antenna assemblies mounted in parallel on a rotatable platform. Each antenna assembly includes two subreflectors with a plastic matching element. The outputs of the two antenna assemblies are coupled with a single phase shifter. The combined outputs are retransmitted to a receiver inside the vehicle. The satellite antenna also includes a receiver for receiving channel selection data and/or for providing two-way communication with equipment inside the vehicle. The antennae, transmitter and receiver are self-powered by a storage device which is charged by a wind driven generator. A retractable radome lowers to a lower profile when the antenna is not in use.

Abstract: A reflect array antenna comprises a non-electrically conductive substrate with an array of antenna elements supported on the substrate. Each antenna element comprises a plurality of patch radiating elements arranged in rows and columns. Each patch radiating element comprises a plurality of notches formed in the element, the notches being angularly displaced around the circumference of the element. A plurality of stub short transmission lines are individually positioned in each of the plurality of notches and a plurality of switches individually couple one end of a notch to one of the plurality of stub short transmission lines.

Abstract: An improved plasma controlled millimeter wave (MMW) or microwave (&mgr;W) antenna is provided. A plasma of electrons and holes is photo-injected into a photoconducting wafer. A special distribution of plasma and a MMW/&mgr;W reflecting surface behind the wafer allows the antenna to be generated at low light intensities and a 180° phase shift (modulo 360°) to be applied to selected MMWs/&mgr;Ws.

Abstract: An approach for providing a multiple-beam antenna system for receiving and transmitting electromagnetic signals from a plurality of closely spaced satellites is disclosed. Dielectric inserts are selectively coupled to the feedhorn bodies to alter the radiation patterns according to dielectric constants of the dielectric inserts. A reflector produces multiple antenna beams based upon the altered radiation patterns of the feedhorn bodies. The antenna provides simultaneous transmissions to satellites that are spaced about 2° or less.

Abstract: A high performance multi-band antenna reflector having low sidelobe and cross polarization levels, and a superior carrier-to-interference ratio has two concentric zones (12, 14 in a first embodiment and 102, 104 in a second embodiment). In the first embodiment, the outer concentric zone (14) is a frequency selective absorber (20) made of a metallic pattern (22) dimensioned to reflect signals in one frequency band and absorb signals in a second frequency band. In the second embodiment, the outer concentric zone (104) is a frequency selective surface (106) that reflects signals in one frequency band and passes signals in a second frequency bands. Resistance cards (122) overlay the top and bottom sides of the junction between the frequency selective surface (106) and a reflective layer (110) on an inner surface (112) of the central concentric zone (102).

Abstract: A wave-scanning antenna is disclosed that does not require a rotary joint. The antenna produces a collimated beam that can be scanned through 360 degrees. The beam is directed perpendicular to the antenna's axis of rotation to form a disc-like surveillance volume, or at an angle above or below the perpendicular to form a cone-shaped surveillance volume. The radar's structure contains a transmitter and receiver coupled to a horn protruding through open centers of the support bearing and driven gear into the antenna housing. Energy emitted by the horn proceeds upward until deflected through an angle of 90 degrees by an angled reflector located on the axis of rotation. The energy is collected by a dielectric lens and focused into a collimated beam. Reflected energy is collected by the lens and directed by the reflector to the horn, where it is fed to a waveguide coupled to the receiver.

Abstract: The present invention refers to an arrangement in an antenna, the arrangement comprising: an electrically thin microwave phasing structure including a support member, a reflective arrangement for reflecting microwaves within a frequency operating band and supported by said supporting member, and a phasing arrangement of electromagnetically-loading structures, said electromagnetically-loading structures being interspaced from each other and disposed at a distance from said reflective arrangement by a support matrix to provide said emulation of said desired reflective surface of selected geometry. The electromagnetically-loading structures are arranged on at least two substrate layers in at least two planes.

Abstract: An antenna that has an alignment configuration for aligning the antenna with a satellite. In one embodiment, the antenna includes an antenna reflector that has a centerline and a front surface and a rear surface. A reference plane is defined on the rear surface that is perpendicular to the centerline of the reflector. The reference plane is used in connection with alignment devices for orienting the antenna reflector in desired azimuth, elevation, and skew orientations.

Abstract: A steerable antenna system for transmitting and/or receiving an electromagnetic signal to a relatively moving target includes a hyperbolic subreflector secured to a frame rotatably mounted on a support structure via a first motor and a feed source located at a first focus of the subreflector for illuminating the same. The source, fixed to the structure, has a source axis pointing at the subreflector. A parabolic reflector having a focus in common with the second focus of the subreflector to transfer the signal between the same and a planar reflector is secured to the frame and has a beam axis. The planar reflector having a normal axis intersecting the beam axis with an angle is rotatably mounted on the frame via a second motor to transfer the signal between the parabolic reflector and the target. The system may include a controller connected to the motors to control the system to steer at the target anywhere within a full spherical angular range.

Abstract: A radar apparatus has an inclined slot wave guide array to form a narrow azimuth beam and a dielectric lens in front of the array to form a narrow elevation beam. The radar apparatus is particularly useful for motor vehicular collision warning systems. The inclined slot wave guide forms an antenna which is driven to oscillate back and forth at a small angle. The dielectric lens is fixed in position relative to the slotted wave guide antenna. The combination of the slotted array for forming a narrow horizontal pattern in combination with the dielectric lens for forming a vertical pattern provides an arrangement that is readily scannable.

Abstract: A circularly polarized reflect array antenna having a plurality of antenna elements, where each antenna element has an electrically conductive patch, at least two electrically conductive stubs positioned along the periphery of the patch, and at least two switches each operable to connect or disconnect the patch to one of the at least two stubs.

Abstract: An antenna feed system capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving in multiple frequency bands. In one embodiment, the feed system comprises a non-collimating lens attached to the emitting end of a broad-band antenna feed. The lens is positioned to receive and focus the broad-band wireless signals from any reflector configuration to any antenna feed. It is also positioned to transmit and focus the broad-band wireless signals from any antenna feed to any reflector configuration. A method for illuminating a reflector configuration through an antenna feed with the lens is disclosed. A wireless sensor system is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the non-collimating lens may be used as part of a wireless signal sensor unit used to increase or decrease the angular aperture of the sensor unit.

Abstract: In summary the present invention discloses a horn reflect array antenna system and a method for producing a signal using a horn reflect array antenna. The system comprises at least one reflective element illuminated by an incident radio frequency (RF) signal from a feed horn, the reflective element reflecting a portion of the incident RF signal as a portion of a reflected RF signal, and at least one phase shifting device, each phase shifting device coupled to a corresponding reflective element, wherein a beam pattern of the reflected RF signal is altered when the phase shifting element changes the phase of the portion of the reflected RF signal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a low-cost, frequency-tunable, steerable, reflector array capable of simulating the electromagnetic effects of a parabolic or similarly-shaped reflector on a planar or conformal surface. Simple scatterers such as short circuited dipoles, disposed on a geometrically planar or conformal substrate, are configured from a series of scatterer sub-elements, electrically connected serially to one another by MEMS switches. These connected scatterer sub-elements form a reflective array disposed above a ground plane on the substrate. By properly controlling the length and spacing of the activated dipole elements, it is possible to simulate the equiphase reflection profile of a horn feed or sub-reflector feed of a parabolic or similar reflector. In addition, the array may be steered by selectively controlling the scatterer configurations.

Abstract: A layered, electronically scanned antenna. The antenna includes a plurality or array layers separated by dielectric spacers. Each array layer includes a transistor switched grid formed by a plurality of reflective/transmissive elements such as cross dipoles interconnected by a plurality of semiconductors, such as MOSFETs. When the switched grid is in an open state, its associated array layer is reflective. When it is in a closed condition, its associated layer is in a transmissive state. By controlling the state of each array layer, a desired degree of phase shift can be imparted to the signal reflected by the antenna. The antenna thus eliminates the need for costly MEMS/MMIC technology to achieve the desired degrees of phase shift of a signal reflected by the antenna.

Abstract: A compact lightweight antenna for receiving microwave direct line of sight wireless data signals used in services such as Local Multipoint Distribution Services (LMDS). The antenna provides for precise control over isolation of polarized signals. The antenna consists of an external parabolically shaped dome formed of a suitably resilient material such as thermoplastic. A polarizing metal grid is formed on the interior surface of the dome and serves as a transreflector for initially passing received radiation having a vertical polarization. A twist reflector disposed at a point along an axis defined by the metal grid reflects the received radiation, back in the direction of the transreflector with a different polarization. The now differently polarized energy is reflected by the parabolically shaped metal grid at a feed point located in the center of the twist plate. Operation for transmitting energy is analogous.

Abstract: An antenna system and method for generating a desired contiguous spot beam pattern, and a signal is disclosed. The contiguous spot beam generating antenna system comprises a reflector system configured in a side-fed Cassegrain (SFOC) configuration, an array of feed horns comprising at least a subset of feed horns for illuminating the reflector system, and a beamforming network, communicatively coupled to the array of feed horns, for controlling an excitation of the subset of the feed horns in the array of feed horns. The method comprises illuminating a side fed offset Cassegrain reflector system with an RF signal emanating from an array of feed horns, and controlling an excitation of the subset of the feed horns.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for generating multiple antenna beams and a system for generating multiple antenna beams. The system comprises a first reflector surface that has a primary and at least a first auxiliary surface, and a second reflector surface, and also comprises first, second, and third feed horns. The first feed horn illuminates the primary surface with radio frequency (RF) energy, the second feed horn illuminates the auxiliary surface with RF energy, and the third feed horn illuminates the second reflector surface with RF energy. The first feed horn and third feed horn are removed from an axis of symmetry of the first auxiliary surface.

Abstract: An antenna (1) having an EM feed (6), a rear parabolic twist reflector (3) and a front transreflector (2). The transreflector is closer to the parabolic twist reflector than the focal point of the parabolic twist reflector, and the twist reflector is defined, mounted, or otherwise formed on a parabolic surface (17) of a base (13). The base is dimensioned and arranged to provide a foundation aligning an axis of the parabolic twist reflector with an axis of the antenna, and is further dimensioned and arranged to maintain substantial alignment of the feed and twist reflector with variations in ambient temperature that would otherwise produce at least one of warping and misalignment of the parabolic twist reflector in the absence of the base.

Abstract: A reflector antenna arrangement can transmit and receive both infrared (IR) and millimeter wave (RF) radiation. The arrangement includes a main reflector (1), a subreflector (2), an IR feed system (4), an RF feed system (3), a radome (5), and a bispectral window (6) arranged in an opening provided in a central area of the main reflector (1). The RF feed system is oriented so that the RF radiation path includes a double reflection from the subreflector and from the main reflector, while the IR feed system is arranged directly behind the bispectral window so that the IR beam path extends directly through the bispectral window without reflecting from the main reflector or the subreflector. The bispectral window has a high reflectance for the RF radiation and a high transmittance of the IR radiation.

Abstract: A technique for manufacturing a domed housing, including a transreflector element for use in a microwave antenna. The dome incorporates a metallic polarizing grid as part of a complex curved shape using an insert mold process. As a result, the transreflector component can be inexpensively formed as an integral part of the supporting structure and any alignment features, without the need for additional molding steps or multiple component parts.

Abstract: The Microwave Hematoma Detector is a non-invasive device designed to detect and localize blood pooling and clots near the outer surface of the body. While being geared towards finding sub-dural and epi-dural hematomas, the device can be used to detect blood pooling anywhere near the surface of the body. Modified versions of the device can also detect pneumothorax, organ hemorrhage, atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid arteries, evaluate perfusion (blood flow) at or near the body surface, body tissue damage at or near the surface (especially for burn assessment) and be used in a number of NDE applications. The device is based on low power pulsed microwave technology combined with a specialized antenna, signal processing/recognition algorithms and a disposable cap worn by the patient which will facilitate accurate mapping of the brain and proper function of the instrument.

Abstract: A dielectric refractor, a refractive index of which varies in accordance with a frequency, is situated between a primary horn serving as a electric wave source and a concave sub-reflector. A desired transmitting wave in the desired transmitting frequency band is refracted by the dielectric refractor so as to illuminate the sub-reflector. An undesired transmitting wave outside the desired transmitting frequency band is refracted by the dielectric refractor so as to pass along a path for the undesired wave, and reaches a electric wave-absorber to be absorbed thereby. Accordingly, the undesired transmitting wave does not reach the sub-reflector, and is prevented from being radiated to the outside of the antenna apparatus via the sub-reflector and the main reflector.

Abstract: An antenna receives beams from telecommunication satellites in geostationary orbit close to the equator. The continuous concave reflecting surface of the reflector of the antenna has an equation deduced from a paraboloid by adding thereto the equation of a correction surface comprising a second order polynomial and a sum of N(2N−1) terms depending on distances between the projection of any point on the reflecting surface and N(2N−1) control points of a grid extending over a plane perpendicular to the plane of symmetry. The angular separation of the primary sources on a circular support with an inclination different from the angle of offset is less than approximately 3° for an aperture of more than 50°.

Abstract: The invention provides a dielectric lens, wherein the dielectric lens is rotation-symmetrically shaped, and a flat end is disposed at a part of the edge the dielectric lens. By the above described structure and arrangement, it become possible to widen a half-value angle in the direction which the flat ends of the lens are disposed without reducing a gain significantly.

Abstract: An electronically steered scanning active microwave reflector, capable of being illuminated by a microwave source to form an antenna, comprises a set of elementary cells, each comprising a phase-shifter microwave circuit placed before a conductive plane. This phase-shifter comprises conductive wires or tracks positioned on a support, the wires or tracks each comprising at least two two-state semiconductor elements, for example diodes, and being connected to conductors by which the states of the diodes can be controlled independently of each other, it being possible for each of the diodes to be on or off. Thus, four possible states are obtained and the geometrical and electrical characteristics of the cell are such that a given phase-shift value of the microwave received corresponds to each of these states. Finally, microwave decoupling means are provided between the cells. These means consist, in particular, of waveguides formed between two neighboring cells.

Abstract: A multiple beam antenna system including a reflector that is at least partially parabolic in one dimension, a pair of dielectric lenses (or optionally at least one shaped reflector to perform functionality otherwise performed by the lens(es)), and a pair of waveguides. Multiple received beams are received and reflected by the reflector into an orthogonal mode junction which separates signals of a first polarity from signals of a second orthogonal polarity. The signals of the first polarity are forwarded into a first waveguide and the orthogonal signals of the second polarity are forwarded into a second parallel waveguide. A plurality of satellites may be accessed simultaneously thus allowing the user to utilize both signals at the same time. In certain embodiments, each of the dielectric lenses may be of the bifocal type.

Abstract: A Cassegrain antenna system includes a flat dielectric plate radome having a thickness of one-half wavelength at a frequency of operation. The plate has an electrically conductive grid disposed on an inside surface thereof to permit perpendicularly polarized energy rays to pass there-through. A parabolic twist reflector is spaced from the radome, and includes a dielectric substrate having a thickness equivalent to one-quarter wavelength at a frequency of operation and having formed on an interior surface thereof an array of conductive strips oriented by 45 degrees relative to the incident ray polarization. A conductive ground layer is formed on an exterior surface of the substrate, wherein radiation reflected by the ground layer and passing through the dielectric substrate is shifted by 180 degrees in phase and is rotated in polarization when combined with energy reflected from the conductive strip array by 90 degrees relative to radiation incident on the twist reflector.

Abstract: An antenna subsystem (120) which comprises an electronic scanning reflector antenna (400) is used for the formation of single and multiple beams. Reflecting surface (420) is covered with at least one dielectric layer (430) which is used to simultaneously and independently steer multiple beams. Electronic scanning reflector antenna (400) operates similar to a phased array antenna. ESRA (400) comprises a number of independent controllable reflecting surfaces (450) which are combined together in close proximity. Each one of the individual regions is covered by a dielectric layer, and the dielectric constant for each can be independently controlled. Electronic scanning reflector antennas (400, 600) are used in both space-based and terrestrial-based applications. Electronic scanning reflector antennas (400, 600) are used for both transmission and reception of electromagnetic signals.

Abstract: An antenna system for providing radiation over substantially 360.degree. in azimuth by illuminating a conical reflector with a radiation beam having a frequency distribution with a local minimum which is coincident with the point of the reflector thus avoiding scattering. Preferably the radiation intensity distribution is annular, most preferably being Laguerre-Gaussian in nature.

Abstract: An antenna system having a front reflector and a rear reflector arranged in tandem, a front feed for illuminating the front reflector, and a rear feed for illuminating the rear reflector. Each of the reflectors has a generally dish-shaped configuration, and the feeds are located in positions offset from axes of the respective reflectors. The front reflector is reflective to a first radiation, while being substantially transparent to a second radiation except for a fraction of the power of the second radiation. The fractional part of the second radiation is reflected from the first reflector as an interfering beam, the interfering beam being scanned away from a coverage region of a beam of the first radiation by an offset between the feeds. The radiations may differ in polarization or in frequency.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus for use as in an automobile collision warning system has a primary radiator for radiating a high-frequency radio wave beam, a reflecting member for reflecting the radio wave beam, an actuating mechanism for actuating the reflecting member, and a lens such as a dielectric lens for converging the radio wave beam reflected by the reflecting member to reduce an angle of divergence of the radio wave beam.

Abstract: Transverse-folded antennas arrange a radiator, twist reflectors and a transreflector to generate a radar beam without blocking the beam with a feed element. The arrangement provides signal access at an antenna rear face which facilitates integration of the antenna into an automotive radar system. Different embodiments of the antenna collimate the radar beam with curved twist reflectors and with lenses. Scanning is effected with rotatable twist reflectors and with scanning radiators.

Abstract: A wideband lens antenna lens of reduced thickness includes a lens antenna constructed of a flat inhomogeneous dielectric plate. A radiation source is located on one side of the dielectric plate and a reflector is located on another side of the dielectric plate opposite the radiation source. In operation, signals generated by the radiation source of arbitrary polarization pass through the dielectric plate, are reflected by the reflector, and pass back through the dielectric plate a second time before being emitted from the lens antenna. In such a case, the provision of the reflector allows the thickness of the dielectric plate to be cut in half as compared with conventional lens antennas. If the signals supplied by the radiation source are linearly polarized, a polarization transformer is provided on the same surface of the dielectric plate as the radiation source.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a plurality of vertical directed antennas mounted on an insulated cylindrical substrate. A parabolic reflecting antenna is mounted at one end of the cylindrical substrate cavity and a dielectric lens admits radiation through the cylindrical cavity to the parabolic reflector. Optical detectors are located on the cylindrical substrate periphery and exposed to optical signals through an InfraRed (IR) optical filter.

Abstract: A radiation sensor for the microwave and millimeter-wave regions incorporates a lens having two parallel focal planes, these being defined by a polarization-selective reflector grid within the lens. One focal plane is occupied by a receive array of crossed dipole antennas with respective mixer diodes. One dipole of each antenna couples to a local oscillator signal and the other couples to a receive signal reflected by the grid. These signals are mixed by the diodes to produce intermediate frequency signals for subsequent processing. The other focal plane is occupied by a transmit array of separately activatable polarization switching antennas arranged to define a range of transmit beam directions. This focal plane may alternatively be occupied by a second receive array.

Abstract: An array of hemispherical dielectric lenses antenna on a ground plane for focusing radiation from an array of point sources, each point source being located adjacent to its respective hemispherical lens. Dual polarization point sources provide dual orthogonally polarized radiation patterns, including right and left hand circularly polarized radiation patterns. The entire antenna and ground plane may be rotated and the array of point sources may be moved relative to the hemispherical lenses so as to scan the antenna beam over a hemisphere.

Abstract: A hybrid antenna including a dielectric lens-antenna in the shape of an extended hemispherical dielectric lens than is operated in the diffraction limited regime. The dielectric lens-antenna is fed by a planar-structure antenna. The planar antenna is mounted on the flat side of the dielectric lens-antenna, using it as a substrate. An optimum extension distance is found experimentally and numerically for which excellent beam patterns and simultaneously high aperture efficiencies can be achieved. The hybrid antenna is diffraction limited, space efficient in an array due to its high aperture efficiency, and is easily mass produced, thus being well suited for focal place receiver arrays.

Abstract: A multi-beam antenna for receiving microwaves emanating from at least first and second satellites comprising: a reflector which has a cylindro-paraboloidal shape (2) arranged substantially in the vertical plane and capable of focusing the incident microwaves on a substantially horizontal focal straight line (D) constructed from the foci (F1 to F5) of the reflector, at least first and second linear networks (R1, R2) being distributed substantially horizontally in the focal plane of the reflector, in order to receive and process, according to first and second laws of amplitude and time-lag, the incident microwaves emanating from first and second directions corresponding to the first and second satellites.

Abstract: An integrated retroreflective data communication display for visual and electromagnetic communication is described. The display may be configured as an integrated retroreflective electronic license plate, with printed visual information, similar to the information printed on traditional license plates, on retroreflective sheeting. An antenna network is integrated within the license plate for electromagnetic communication and may be connected to external electronic modules. The display may also be configured as an integrated retroreflective electronic road sign, also providing visual and electromagnetic information in a unitary structure.

Abstract: A compact and flat antenna that provides both Direct Broadcast Satellite and local off-air reception. The flat reflector is made of a composite material with multiple reflective radiating surfaces. The multi-stepped reflector combines both diffraction and refractive principals to collimate Radio Frequency signal waves to a short focal point. At the focal point a phase correcting splash plate and lens direct the RF signal through a low loss axis-fed circular waveguide and then to a low noise amplifier. This compact design reduces space, cost and over-all structure, which presents an aesthetically pleasing satellite communication antenna. The antenna aperture includes a VHF/UHF antenna element for reception of local and/or off-air broadcast TV signals eliminating the need and cost to install a separate antenna.

Abstract: A dual-polarized antenna includes a planar line or surface array of reradiating elements of two different polarizations. Each reradiating element in one embodiment is a short-circuited vertical or horizontal dipole. The vertical and horizontal dipoles may be collocated on the array to form crossed short-circuited dipoles. The elements of each polarization form an array separate from the elements of the other polarization. Within each of the two separate arrays, the 1/.lambda. of each reradiator is adjusted to provide a phase shift which causes a collimated beam incident on the array to result in reradiation or "reflection" of energy in the form of a beam converging at a focal point. Therefore, each planar reradiator array acts as a parabolic reflector with a particular focal point. The focal points for the vertical and horizontal arrays are different, and a feed of the appropriate polarization is located at each of the two focal points.

Abstract: An offset type active antenna having two reflectors in a periscopic configuration. A radio lens is provided at the focii of the two reflectors. It comprises a collector and a primary array that is considerably larger in size than the collector. The "small" sources of the collector are in a geographically identical one-to-one correspondence with the "big" sources of the primary array, and they are respectively connected together via devices for providing fine phase adjustment.

Abstract: The antenna particularly for domestic, collective or community installations, receives plural telecommunication beams and comprises a preferably paraboloidal fixed reflector with an axis of symmetry. At least one grating of annular diffraction members is substantially symmetrical with regard to the axis and is placed parallel to the reflector. The grating defines first and second focal points symmetrical to the axis towards which are susceptible to converge first and second beams directed substantially parallel to straight lines going through the centre of the grating and through first and second focal points respectively. A microwave head can sweep the focal plane along a focal line, or several microwave heads are positioned on a gantry thereby receiving or emitting plural beams, though the reflector is fixed.

Abstract: A multiple beam antenna system may be constructed for reducing a spillover loss n efficiency, improving beam crossover, and reducing undesired sidelobes by the addition of three dielectric lenses between a feed horn cluster connected to a beam forming network and an objective collimator. The system includes a beam forming network including a plurality of feed horns in a feed horn cluster, an objective, and an imaging lens having a lateral magnification less than unity for focusing a reduced image of the feed horn cluster at a predetermined point in space. A field lens is positioned at that predetermined point in space, and an amplitude shaping lens is positioned between the field lens and the objective. The amplitude shaping lens redirects the rays of the image transmitted by the field lens to be denser in the central region of the objective, and reduce the sidelobes of the far field pattern of the transmitted beams.

Abstract: The present invention provides phased arrays using monolithic technology of diffusions over whole wafers for working in millimetric wave frequency bands. The reflector array includes a plurality of metallizations connected together by diodes whose capacity can be varied. Thus direct control of reactive impedances is obtained. With the metallized strips placed at a distance substantially equal to .lambda./4 from a ground plane, it is possible to control locally the phase of the reflected signal.

Abstract: A microwave single reflector antenna is provided with a large field of view and high aperture efficiency. The antenna exhibits good lateral scanning while preserving excellent focusing capabilities. The high aperture efficiency yields higher antenna performance than a conventional reflector antenna of the same size, or the same performance as a conventional scanning antena of larger size. The antenna has an improved surface configuration defined by a fourth-order profile extended into a three-dimensional focusing surface.

Abstract: An antenna adapted for millimeter wave applications has a dielectric lens with metalized reflective surfaces and uncoated refractive surfaces. A subreflector and polarization grating are provided on the central portion of a refractive surface.