Abstract: Apparatus and techniques that provide tuning elements in antenna devices to tune frequencies of the antenna devices, including composite right and left handed (CRLH) metamaterial (MTM) antenna devices. Examples of the tuning elements for CRLH MTM antenna devices include feed line tuning elements, cell patch tuning elements, meandered stub tuning elements, via line tuning elements, and via pad tuning elements tuning elements that formed near corresponding antenna elements such as the feed line, cell patch, meander stub, via line and via pad, respectively.

Abstract: A printed filtering antenna is provided. This filtering antenna comprises an antenna part and a coupled line resonator. The antenna part is directly connected to a coupled line resonator and occupies an antenna area. The coupled line resonator provides a filtering mechanism together with the antenna part. The coupled line resonator comprises a short-circuited stub and an open-circuited stub. The short-circuited stub comprises an open-circuited end and a short-circuited end connected to ground. The open-circuited stub is parallel to the short-circuited stub. The open-circuited stub comprises a first end and a second end. The first end is connected to the feed point and is corresponding to the open-circuited end of the short-circuited stub such that the open-circuited stub is coupled to the short-circuited stub.

Abstract: A thermal control film for use in spacecraft having a multi-layer interference filter adapted to exhibit high reflectivity to solar radiation, low absorptivity across the microwave spectrum and high emissivity in the far infra-red. The film is free from metal and extends over the active face of an antenna carried by the spacecraft. Such a film exhibits the desired thermo-optical properties for a thermal control radiator surface and can be used over the active face of a communications or radar antenna without disrupting the RF signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are present for creating a negative index metamaterial lens for use with a phased array antenna. A design having a buckyball shape is created for the negative index metamaterial lens. The buckyball shape is capable of bending a beam generated by the phased array antenna to around 90 degrees from a vertical orientation to form an initial design. The initial design is modified to include discrete components to form a discrete design. Materials are selected for the discrete components. Negative index metamaterial unit cells are designed for the discrete components to form designed negative index metamaterial unit cells. The designed negative index metamaterial unit cells are fabricated to form fabricated designed negative index metamaterial unit cells. The negative index metamaterial lens is formed from the designed negative index metamaterial unit cells.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave filter apparatus includes: a shield conductor; a shield aperture provided in the shield conductor; a plurality of strip conductors, each of which is connected to the shield conductor at both ends thereof, and which divide the shield conductor into a plurality of apertures; and a plurality of stub conductors provided at intervals on each of the strip conductors. Each of the stub conductors prevents a current with a predetermined frequency from flowing through a corresponding strip conductor due to an electromagnetic wave with the predetermined frequency passing through the electromagnetic wave filter apparatus. Thus, the electromagnetic wave filter apparatus passes the electromagnetic wave with the predetermined frequency without exerting a substantial influence on radiation of the electromagnetic wave with the predetermined frequency.

Abstract: An antenna with electromagnetic interference (EMI) shelter is disclosed, which comprises: an EMI shelter, mounted on a substrate while covering the same; a radiation unit; an induction current steering unit, disposed at a position between the EMI shelter and the radiation unit; and a signal feed-in unit, electrically connected with the radiation unit; wherein, the induction current generated by the radiation unit when it is activating is guided to the EMI shelter through the guidance of the induction current steering unit, and then to be feed into a ground connection (GND), thereby, preventing the operation of radio circuit elements that are mounted on the substrate from being interfered by the electric wave resulting from the induction current. With the aforesaid configuration, not only the EMI effect can be significantly suppressed and the overall manufacturing cost of the antenna can be effectively reduced, but also the signal transmission efficiency is improved.

Abstract: Methods and systems for mitigating disturbances in a dual gridded reflector antenna are provided. An antenna system that includes a first reflective surface, a second reflective surface, and an intercostal ring is provided. The intercostal ring is configured to connect the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface. A baffle is disposed between the intercostal ring and a path of the electromagnetic waves. The baffle is configured to redirect the electromagnetic waves away from the intercostal ring. Alternatively, the baffle is not present, and the intercostal ring is configured to redirect a perturbed portion of an electromagnetic wave away from wave paths of electromagnetic waves reflected by the first reflective surface and the second reflective surface, respectively.

Abstract: Structures and methods for a tunable waveguide radiating element are disclosed. The waveguide radiating element comprises a rectangular tube, which includes partially filled dielectric slabs that are disposed on parallel planes and incident on a lower edge of the element's mouth. The faces of each slab are engraved with a number of concentric SRR squares that present a gap on one of its sides. The distance between any two consecutive slabs may vary. The gaps of the outmost square may be arranged in such a way that, on the facing sides of two adjacent slabs, the gaps are rotated with respect to each other.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide conversion of evanescent electromagnetic waves to non-evanescent electromagnetic waves and/or conversion of non-evanescent electromagnetic waves to evanescent electromagnetic waves. In some approaches the conversion includes propagation of electromagnetic waves within an indefinite electromagnetic medium, and the indefinite medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a layered structure or other metamaterial.

Abstract: Frequency-selective surface (FSS) structures that may be used in a variety of different filtering capacities and applications. According to exemplary embodiments, there is disclosed: 1) a one-sided FSS structure that has a conductive grid and conductive loops located on the same side of a thin substrate and exhibits a single pole frequency response; 2) a multiple layer FSS structure that has several one-sided FSS layers and exhibits a multiple pole frequency response; 3) a loop/loop tunable FSS structure where the frequency response can be adjusted or tuned with a bias network; 4) a grid/grid tunable FSS structure where the frequency response can be adjusted or tuned without the use of bias network; and 5) an antenna arrangement that has a FSS structure placed over top of antenna array so that the need for separate components, like bulky filters in a transceiver chain, can be eliminated.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide conversion of evanescent electromagnetic waves to non-evanescent electromagnetic waves and/or conversion of non-evanescent electromagnetic waves to evanescent electromagnetic waves. In some approaches the conversion includes propagation of electromagnetic waves within an indefinite electromagnetic medium, and the indefinite medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a layered structure or other metamaterial.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide conversion of evanescent electromagnetic waves to non-evanescent electromagnetic waves and/or conversion of non-evanescent electromagnetic waves to evanescent electromagnetic waves. In some approaches the conversion includes propagation of electromagnetic waves within an indefinite electromagnetic medium, and the indefinite medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a layered structure or other metamaterial.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide conversion of evanescent electromagnetic waves to non-evanescent electromagnetic waves and/or conversion of non-evanescent electromagnetic waves to evanescent electromagnetic waves. In some approaches the conversion includes propagation of electromagnetic waves within an indefinite electromagnetic medium, and the indefinite medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a layered structure or other metamaterial.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide conversion of evanescent electromagnetic waves to non-evanescent electromagnetic waves and/or conversion of non-evanescent electromagnetic waves to evanescent electromagnetic waves. In some approaches the conversion includes propagation of electromagnetic waves within an indefinite electromagnetic medium, and the indefinite medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a layered structure or other metamaterial.

Abstract: Apparatus, methods, and systems provide conversion of evanescent electromagnetic waves to non-evanescent electromagnetic waves and/or conversion of non-evanescent electromagnetic waves to evanescent electromagnetic waves. In some approaches the conversion includes propagation of electromagnetic waves within an indefinite electromagnetic medium, and the indefinite medium may include an artificially-structured material such as a layered structure or other metamaterial.

Abstract: The invention provides a reciprocal circular polarization selective surface (CPSS) formed of two mutually orthogonal arrays of linear dipoles disposed at opposite transverse CPSS faces, with opposing orthogonal dipoles individually connected by transmission lines, wherein adjacent dipoles are endwise coupled for enhancing CPSS performance. In one implementation, the CPSS comprises a two-dimensional array of cells with each cell composed of two separate crankwires positioned at two diagonally opposite corners of the cell so that the cell has a 2-fold rotational symmetry and endwise coupling of adjacent crankwires for enhanced performance at normal and oblique angles of incidence.

Abstract: A method for making a dielectric-slot polarizer includes affixing plural dielectric sheets in a stack with those sheets having the greatest dielectric constant toward the center of the stack. The dielectric sheets may be fused or joined to each other by heat, pressure, or both. A dielectric support sheet is affixed by adhesive to a first side of the stack to form a partially supported stack. Slots are defined through the partially supported stack down to the adhesive. A second dielectric support sheet is adhesively affixed over the slots of the stack to define the polarizer.

Abstract: The subject disclosure relates to solar energy collection and use in communications systems and to enhancements thereof. In an aspect, dual function antennas are disclosed that can simultaneously function as an antenna and as a solar energy collection system. In further aspects, disclosed embodiments can focus incident solar radiation to increase output voltage of conventional solar cells. Measured and simulated results demonstrate various aspects of the subject disclosure.

Abstract: A radar system includes at least one transmit array comprising a plurality of metamaterial elements. The radar system further includes at least one near-field stimulator for inputting electromagnetic signal to the transmit array so that a sub-wavelength target is illuminated with an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: The present invention provides a patch antenna having a dielectric layer that is composed of one dielectric film, has one or more holes formed therein by punching, and is provided between a patch and a ground plate, and a method of manufacturing the patch antenna. Since the patch antenna uses a dielectric material having a low relative dielectric constant (a low dielectric material), it is possible to reduce the size of a patch antenna and improve productivity.

Abstract: A defected ground structure with shielding effect is provided. The structure includes a dielectric layer, a defected metal layer, a grounded metal layer and at least a conductive mushroom-like structure. The defected metal layer has a line-shaped opening and is disposed in the dielectric layer. The conductive mushroom-like structure is disposed between the defected metal layer and the grounded metal layer and is arranged along an extending direction of the line-shaped opening periodically. The conductive mushroom-like structure includes a laterally extending member and a vertically extending member. The laterally extending member is parallel to the defected metal layer and a distance is maintained away from the defected metal layer. The projection area of the laterally extending member on the defected metal layer covers a length of the line-shaped opening corresponding to the laterally extending member. The vertically extending member connects the laterally extending member and the grounded metal layer.

Abstract: A method for making an electromagnetic band gap structure includes performing a single full wave simulation for the structure using a computer to perform the simulation, extracting a multiple port scattering matrix based on the single full wave simulation using a computer, and measuring or estimating a transmission of waves across the body between a first port and a second port of the body. The body has multiple ports between the first port and the second port that are defined by scattering elements using the computer. The matrix may be reduced to a two by two matrix recursively one dimension at a time using the computer.

Abstract: A microwave diffraction system includes two plates, a lattice model, a transmitter and a detector. The two plates are electrically conductive and configured in a parallel manner so as to form a planar waveguide. The lattice model includes a plurality of cylinders arranged in regular order and is placed between the two plates. The transmitter is arranged at an outside edge of the planar waveguide and configured for providing a microwave towards the lattice model. The detector is arranged at outside edge of the planar waveguide and configured for detecting the microwave reflected from the lattice model. The diffraction pattern obtained by the above-mentioned microwave diffraction system is similar to theoretical value.

Abstract: Metamaterial antennas provide spatially varying electromagnetic coupling that enables impedance matching conditions for different operating frequencies of the MTM antennas so that such antennas can operate at different frequencies for wideband applications, including ultra wideband applications.

Abstract: The invention relates to the size reduction of an antenna using a magneto-dielectric material for a CRLH-TL (Composite Right/Left Handed Transmission Line) antenna. In particular, the invention provides a small and low profile metamaterial antenna attained by performing SRR (Split Ring Resonator) magnetization on a dielectric material and applying the magneto-dielectric material to the CRLH-TL antenna that is composed of patches and vias. Even further, the invention provides a metamaterial antenna using a magneto-dielectric material, the antenna comprising: a substrate which is made up of a magneto-dielectric material and which has an SRR structure inserted thereto; patches with a CRLH-TL structure formed at a predetermined distance above the substrate; and a ground plane formed at a predetermined distance below the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to panel array antennas, and more particularly to a cooling system for an antenna such as a jet stream conformal panel array antenna. In one embodiment, a panel array antenna for an aircraft includes a closed-loop fluid flow path that passes through the panel array assembly and dissipates heat to the jet stream outside the aircraft. A fluid such as pressurized air passes through this closed-loop path, flowing through strategically-placed openings in the layers of the panel array assembly and flowing over and around the hot electrical components in the panel assembly. The air is heated by these electrical components, and the heated air then flows through the flow path under the top sheet, dissipating the heat to the jet stream outside. In one embodiment, a panel array antenna includes a panel assembly having a top layer through which the antenna radiates or receives a signal, and a fluid flow path through the panel assembly.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes a patch coupled to a first board, a conductive pattern coupled to a second board, a first connector electrically coupled to the patch, and a second connector to couple the conductive pattern to a circuit of the first board. The patch has a first section adjacent a first surface and a second section adjacent an opposing second surface of the second board, and the first connector electrically couples the first section to the second section of the patch. The assembly may include a plurality of antennas, and portable terminal may use the assembly to communicate in different frequency bands.

Abstract: A dielectric-slot polarizer arrangement includes a first dielectric polarizer plate with first elongated aperture arrangement, and second and third dielectric polarizer plates, also defining elongated aperture arrangements parallel to or registered with the first aperture arrangement. The second and third dielectric plates sandwich the first plate. The bulk dielectric constant of the first plate exceeds that of the second and third plates. The effective perpendicular and parallel dielectric constants of the first plate exceed those of the second and third plates. Ideally, the dielectric plates are free of metal.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems that use frequency selective surfaces (FSS) to aid in the operation of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices and products. In one embodiment, a system for interrogating radio frequency identification (RFID) tags includes a conveyor belt and an RFID reader. The conveyor belt has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is configured to receive an item to which an RFID tag is affixed and the second surface is configured to slide on a metal slide plate. The RFID reader is configured to transmit instructions embodied in a radio frequency (RF) signal to the RFID tag, wherein the metal slide plate is positioned between the RFID reader and the RFID tag and comprises a frequency selective surface that is substantially transparent to the RF signal.

Abstract: A parallel plate waveguide structure configured to suppress parallel-plate waveguide modes is described. The electromagnetic material properties of individual layers disposed between the conductive plates of waveguide may be selected to allow an apparent stopband to form. Several physical examples of electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures are presented that are analyzed by full wave simulations and transverse resonance models.

Abstract: An EBG (Electromagnetic Bandgap) structure includes a magnetic material portion at least in part. It is preferable to arrange the magnetic material portion close to or, if possible, in contact with a conductor forming the EBG structure, for example, at least a portion of a ground conductor, a conductor producing a capacitance, and/or a conductor producing an inductance, such as a via. Examples of the magnetic material portion include a ferrite plating film, a composite magnetic material layer including magnetic powder and resin binder, and the like.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus based on metamaterial structures provided for antenna and transmission line devices, including single-layer metallization and via-less metamaterial structures.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are present for creating a negative index metamaterial lens for use with a phased array antenna. A design having a buckyball shape is created for the negative index metamaterial lens. The buckyball shape is capable of bending a beam generated by the phased array antenna to around 90 degrees from a vertical orientation to form an initial design. The initial design is modified to include discrete components to form a discrete design. Materials are selected for the discrete components. Negative index metamaterial unit cells are designed for the discrete components to form designed negative index metamaterial unit cells. The designed negative index metamaterial unit cells are fabricated to form fabricated designed negative index metamaterial unit cells. The negative index metamaterial lens is formed from the designed negative index metamaterial unit cells.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a storage container includes a container structure defining at least one storage chamber. The container structure includes multi-layer insulation (MLI) composite material having at least one thermally-reflective layer. The at least one thermally-reflective layer includes bandgap material that is transmissive to radio-frequency electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: A vertically polarized dipole or bicone antenna is positioned cylindrically with in many cylindrical layers of polarizing grids that slowly rotate the incident field to cross 0 degrees, i.e., 90 degrees to the horizon, and to attenuate or minimize the effects of gain nulls from reflections off of the innermost grid layer. Such an antenna is used for detecting both horizontal and vertical polarized signals over a broad bandwidth whereby the response to both polarizations is equal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are present for steering a radio frequency beam. The radio frequency beam is emitted from an array of antenna elements at a first angle into a lens at a location for the lens. The first angle of the radio frequency beam is changed to a second angle when the radio frequency beam exits the lens. The second angle changes when the location at which the radio frequency beam enters the lens changes. The second angle of the radio frequency beam is changed to a third angle when the radio frequency beam with the second angle passes through a negative index metamaterial lens located over the lens.

Abstract: A large periodic array of ideally isotropic antenna elements permits electronic beam scanning and has a performance of power coupling from signal sources at the antenna inputs which is independent of the azimuth (?) scanning direction, dependent only on one spatial variable (elevation angle, ?) of scanning Such performance from an antenna array normally can not be achieved using conventional designs. Such an antenna array may be used in communications and radars.

Abstract: A new antenna includes a rectangular slot element provided on a conducting plate and covered by a special substrate portion. The substrate portion includes stacked layers of capacitively-loaded conducting ring elements, arranged in the form of an (e.g., periodic) array in each layer. The slot antenna element is excited by a parallel-plate waveguide, which is fabricated below the conducting plate on which the slot antenna is made. The antenna design, when used in the form of a single antenna element, would produce ideally uniform power radiation over all directions in the upper hemi-spherical space. A large periodic array of such ideally isotropic antenna elements permits electronic beam scanning and has a performance of power coupling from signal sources at the antenna inputs which is independent of the azimuth (?) scanning direction, dependent only on one spatial variable (elevation angle, ?) of scanning. Such performance from an antenna array normally can not be achieved using conventional designs.

Abstract: The invention relates to a dielectric lens useable in both the radio wave band and the light wave band, and a device using this dielectric lens. The device comprises a dielectric lens formed of a transparent dielectric member small in dielectric loss and having an omnidirectional feature with regard to an electromagnetic wave, a transparent dielectric shell that is hollow inside and having the radius that is equal to the focal distance of the dielectric lens, and a holding mechanism for positioning and holding the dielectric shell and the dielectric lens so as to locate the dielectric shell at a position along the focal distance with the dielectric lens included at the inner center of this dielectric shell. The device is provided, at the focal point of the dielectric lens, with a reflector for reflecting an electromagnetic wave or a generator for generating an electromagnetic wave.

Abstract: An artificial electromagnetic material includes at least one material sheet. Each material sheet includes a substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures attached to the substrate. Each substrate is virtually divided into multiple of substrate units arranged into an array. A pair of artificial microstructures is attached to each substrate. The pair of artificial microstructures includes a first artificial microstructure and a second artificial microstructure with different shapes. The dielectric constant of artificial electromagnetic materials gradually increases from zero in a certain frequency range, therefore the material has a low dielectric constant in the certain frequency range and can meet some needs of special situation.

Abstract: This disclosure demonstrates a new class of Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) AMC with very large fractional bandwidth (>100%) even at lower frequencies (<1 GHz). This new UWB AMC is enabled by recognizing that any AMC must be an antenna in order to accept the incident radiation into the circuit. Therefore, by using UWB antenna design features, one can make wide band AMCs. Additionally, by manipulation of the UWB AMC element design, a 1/frequency dependence can be obtained for instantiating the benefits of a quarter wave reflection over a large UWB bandwidth with a single physical thickness.

Abstract: Described is an apparatus and method for reducing noise in an information bearing signal is provided. A feeding element receives dual-polarized wideband electromagnetic signals. The feeding element is coupled to a Non-Cutoff Frequency Selective Surface ground plane. The Non-Cutoff Frequency Selective Surface ground plane allows for a line-of-sight signal and a surface wave to cancel. The Non-Cutoff Frequency Selective Surface ground plane can be a metal plate with a plurality of corrugations. The corrugations can be concentric rings, each corrugation having a predetermined height and a predetermined spacing from adjacent corrugations.

Abstract: An integrated electronic device, and its method of manufacture, are provided. The integrated electronic device can include an electronic assembly, such as an active RFID assembly, that is electrically coupled to a thin printed flexible electrochemical cell. In one example, the electronic assembly and the electrochemical battery are provided on a single substrate. In one example method of manufacture, the entire cell to be made on a printing press to integrate the battery directly with the electronic assembly.

Abstract: A method of delaying the onset of a backward wave mode in a frequency selective surface having a two dimensional array of conductive patches or elements and an RF ground plane, the two dimensional array of patches or elements being interconnected by variable capacitors, the method comprising separating grounds associated with the variable capacitors from the RF ground plane and providing a separate conductive mesh structure or arrangement as a bias voltage ground for the variable capacitors. A tunable impedance surface comprises a RF ground plane; a plurality of patches or elements disposed in an array a distance from the ground plane; a capacitor arrangement for controllably varying capacitance between at least selected ones of adjacent patches or elements in the array; and a grounding mesh associated with the capacitor arrangement for providing a control voltage ground to capacitors in the capacitor arrangement, the grounding mesh being spaced from the RF ground plane by dielectric material.

Abstract: The device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention relates to an area of wireless communication and can be used for shielding from electromagnetic radiation. The electromagnetic screen with the big surface impedance contains a flat metal reflector substrate and two lattices of capacitor type that are shifted from each other on a share of the period in parallel and located above the reflector substrate. At least one of lateral edges of the lattices has an electric connection with an edge of the reflector substrate.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems and methods to transmit power and data are provided. A particular apparatus to transmit power and data includes a transmission medium. The transmission medium includes at least one first frequency selective surface (FSS) layer, at least one second FSS layer, and a dielectric layer separating the at least one first FSS layer and the at least one second FSS layer. In a particular embodiment, the apparatus also includes a first coupler coupled to the transmission medium to send a signal along the transmission medium and a second coupler coupled to the transmission medium. The second coupler may receive signals via the transmission medium, receive power via the transmission medium to power devices coupled to the second coupler, process and send data via the transmission medium, or any combination thereof.

Abstract: A dual polarization antenna radome includes a plurality of dielectric substrates. Each dielectric substrate provides a plurality of metal totems, and the pattern of the metal totems is unchanged after the metal totems rotate by 90 degrees around the axis perpendicular to the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: A metamaterial microwave lens having an array of electronic inductive capacitive cells in which each cell has an electrically conductive pattern which corresponds to incident electromagnetic radiation as a resonator. At least one cell has a first and second electrical sections insulated from each other and each which section has at least two legs. A static capacitor is electrically connected between one leg of the first section of the cell and one leg of the second section of the cell. A MEMS device is electrically disposed between the other legs of the first and second sections of the cell. The MEMS device is movable between at least two positions in response to an electrical bias between the first and second sections of the cell to vary the index of refraction and resonant frequency of the cell.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board having the same. The bandgap structure includes a conductive layer including a plurality of conductive plates, a first metal layer disposed under the conductive layer and including a first stitching pattern electrically connected to a first conductive plate of the plurality of conductive plates, and a second metal layer disposed under the first metal layer and including a second stitching pattern electrically connected to both the first stitching pattern and a second conductive plate of the plurality of conductive plates. The bandgap to structure includes stitching patterns formed in two layers different from the conductive layer, thus offering a stop-band having a desired bandwidth in a compact structure.

Abstract: A forty five degree polarized antenna having grid layers wrapped around a vertically polarized dipole, or grids wrapped internally or externally around a vertically polarized bicone antenna, and having grid segments separated by capacitors that can attenuate, remove or minimize circumferential resonances that appear due to the presence of the grids and reduce the nulling effects from reflections from the innermost grid layer.