Abstract: Examples of the present invention include antennas and scattering elements having a metamaterial cloak configured so as to reduce effects on the operating parameters of a nearby antenna. For example, an antenna has an antenna frequency, and a cloak is disposed around the antenna having a frequency range in which the cloak is operative. The antenna frequency can lie outside the frequency range of the cloak, whereas the frequency of a second antenna lies within the frequency range of the cloak. In this case, the antenna is cloaked relative to the second antenna.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a metamaterial for diverging an electromagnetic wave, which comprises at least one metamaterial sheet layer. Refractive indices of the metamaterial sheet layer are distributed in a circular form with a center of the metamaterial sheet layer, and the refractive indices remain unchanged at a same radius and increase gradually with the radius. The present disclosure changes electromagnetic parameters at each point of the metamaterial through punching or by attaching man-made microstructures so that the electromagnetic wave can be diverged after passing through the metamaterial. The metamaterial of the present disclosure features a simple manufacturing process and a low cost, and is easy to be implemented. Moreover, the metamaterial of the present disclosure has small dimensions and does not occupy a large space, so it is easy to miniaturize apparatuses made of the metamaterial of the present disclosure.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for enhancing the gain of a wireless signal are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the apparatus can include a screen comprised of one or more electrically conductive regions for reflecting electromagnetic radiation and one or more non-conductive regions for permitting electromagnetic radiation therethrough. The one or more electrically conductive regions can be disposed adjacent to at least one of the one or more non-conductive regions. The apparatus can also include a support member disposed about at least a portion of the screen. The screen can be capable of collapsing by twisting the support member in opposite screw senses to form interleaved concentric sections.

Abstract: A self-structuring antenna system comprises a plurality of antenna elements, a plurality of switch elements arranged with the antenna elements to, when selectively closed, electrically couple ones of the antenna elements to one another, and a switch controller for opening and closing the switch elements. The switch controller is operatively associated with the plurality of switch elements via a plurality of addressable switch controllers.

Abstract: A nanoscale electron shuttle with two elastically mounted conductors positioned within a gap between conductors produces asymmetrical electron conduction between the conductors when the conductors receive an AC signal to provide for rectification, detection and/or power harvesting.

Abstract: A photovoltaic apparatus, through which an antenna is allowed to transmit and receive radio-frequency signals, includes a photovoltaic material and conducting electrodes. The photovoltaic material is used for converting photon energy into electrical energy, and the conducting electrodes collect and transfer the electrical energy generated by the photovoltaic material. The arrangement of the conducting electrodes forms a frequency selective surface placed in the transmitting or receiving path of the antenna. The frequency selective surface and the antenna have a spacing there between. The projection of the frequency selective surface in the transmitting or receiving path of the antenna covers the antenna.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus includes: a ground plane; a plurality of conductive elements arranged substantially in parallel to a surface of the ground plane; a plurality of linear elements configured to connect the conductive elements to the ground plane; and an antenna configured to radiate a radio wave, wherein a plurality of openings to reflect the radio wave radiated from the antenna are formed in the ground plane under an arrangement region of the conductive elements.

Abstract: Techniques and devices based on antenna structures with a MTM loading element.

Abstract: The antenna may include a planar reflector having a plurality of loop electrical conductors defining an array of parasitically drivable antenna elements, and a circularly polarized antenna feed spaced from the planar reflector to parasitically drive the array of parasitically drivable antenna elements and impart a traveling wave current distribution therein. The antenna may have properties that are hybrid between parabolic reflectors and driven arrays, providing a relatively compact circularly polarized antenna capable of having low wind load. Closed circuit or loop elements may provide increased gain over antennas using dipole turnstile reflector elements.

Abstract: The device, a conformal antenna, includes an antenna element directly coupled to a layer of gyrotropic material and means for creating a magnetic field, the magnetic field having a component substantially perpendicular to, and passing through, the layer of gyrotropic material and the antenna element. The gyrotropic material may be at least partially disposed on a ground plane and may comprise a material such as yttrium iron garnet. The means for creating a magnetic field can be located within the layer of gyrotropic material and may comprise at least one external magnet. The reflective metal ground plane can be the outer surface of a vehicle. The antenna element could have a dipole antenna configuration, and can produce a wave that is linearly polarized. The operation of the device may be at or above the resonant frequency of the gyrotropic material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a man-made composite material. The man-made composite material is divided into a plurality of regions. A plane electromagnetic wave is incident on a first surface and exits in the form of a spherical wave from a second surface of the man-made composite material opposite to the first surface. Reverse extensions of the exiting electromagnetic wave intersect with each other at a virtual focus of the man-made composite material. A line connecting the virtual focus to a point on the top surface of the ith region and a line perpendicular to the man-made composite material form an angle ? therebetween, which uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the ith region. A set formed by points on the top surface of the ith region that have the same angle ? forms a boundary of the curved surface to which the angle ? uniquely corresponds.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves, which comprises a plurality of cubic metamaterial units arranged in a first array which takes a y direction as a column direction and a z direction perpendicular to the y direction as a row direction. The metamaterial units of each row have the same refractive index, and for the metamaterial units of each column, the refractive indices thereof for the electromagnetic waves decrease gradually from a middle metamaterial unit towards two ends of the column, with variations of the refractive indices between adjacent ones of the metamaterial units increasing gradually from the middle metamaterial unit towards the two ends of the column; and the metamaterial units are anisotropic to the electromagnetic waves. The metamaterial for converging electromagnetic waves of the present disclosure can achieve the function of converging electromagnetic waves, and has a smaller thickness compared to conventional metamaterials.

Abstract: Provided is antenna having metamaterial and providing gain improvement and beamforming together. The antenna includes a resonator and a superstrate. A feed antenna is disposed in the resonator. The superstrate includes a conductive pattern on the resonator for improving gain and beamforming of the feed antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metamaterial and a metamaterial antenna. The metamaterial is disposed in a propagation direction of the electromagnetic waves emitted from a radiation source. A line connecting the radiation source to a point on a first surface of the metamaterial and a line perpendicular to the metamaterial form an angle ? therebetween, which uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the metamaterial. Each point on the curved surface to which the angle ? uniquely corresponds has a same refractive index. Refractive indices of the metamaterial decrease gradually as the angle ? increases. The electromagnetic waves propagating through the metamaterial exits in parallel from a second surface of the metamaterial. The refraction, diffraction and reflection at the abrupt transition points can be significantly reduced in the present disclosure and the problems caused by interferences are eased, which further improves performances of the metamaterial and the metamaterial antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a man-made composite material and a man-made composite material antenna. The man-made composite material is disposed in a propagation direction of a plane electromagnetic wave and convert it into a spherical wave. Reverse extensions of the spherical wave intersect at a virtual focus. A line connecting the virtual focus to a point on the second surface of the man-made composite material and a line perpendicular to the man-made composite material form an angle ? therebetween, which uniquely corresponds to a curved surface in the man-made composite material. A set formed by points having the same angle ? forms a boundary of the curved surface to which the angle ? uniquely corresponds. Each point on the curved surface to which the angle ? uniquely corresponds has a same refractive index. Refractive indices of the man-made composite material increase gradually as the angle ? increases.

Abstract: Provided are an active metamaterial device operating at a high speed and a manufacturing method thereof. The active metamaterial device includes a first dielectric layer, a lower electrode disposed on the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer disposed on the lower electrode, metamaterial patterns disposed on the second dielectric layer, a couple layer disposed on the metamaterial patterns and the second dielectric layer, a third dielectric layer disposed on the couple layer, and an upper electrode disposed on the third dielectric layer.

Abstract: An artificial medium includes: a dielectric layer having a front surface and a back surface; a plurality of first grid lines respectively formed on the front surface and the back surface and extending in a first direction and a plurality of second grid lines extending in a second direction different from the first direction; and electrically conductive elements respectively formed on the front surface and the back surface of the dielectric layer and located in areas where the first grid lines intersect the second grid lines, wherein when an electromagnetic wave propagated in the direction of the thickness of the dielectric layer is incident, a current excited by the electromagnetic wave is increased in a prescribed operating frequency and a current loop is formed in a plane parallel to the direction of the thickness.

Abstract: Radar sensor for motor vehicles, having a transmitting and receiving device for microwaves, in which beam-shaping devices which are independent of one another are provided for the azimuth and the elevation, and the beam-shaping device for the elevation has a cylindrical lens.

Abstract: The present invention is Broad Area Maritime Surveillance (BAMS) radiating element which includes a plurality of dipole layers, a stripline feed layer and a cover portion. The radiating element is low-profile and may have a thickness of 180 mils. Further, the radiating element may have an operating frequency range from 5.35 GHz to 5.46 GHz and a depth of 0.083 free space wavelengths at the high end of the operating frequency range. Still further, the dipoles of the dipole layers of the BAMS radiating element vary in width from layer to layer to maximize match at the edge of the scan volume. The BAMS radiating element may be at least partially constructed of printed circuit board material, such as Rogers 4003. The BAMS radiating element may have a return loss of less than ?10 decibels over its entire scan volume and frequency band.

Abstract: Provided are a metamaterial structure and a manufacturing method thereof. The metamaterial structure includes a dielectric layer, nanowires penetrating the dielectric layer and arranged in a spacing having negative refraction with respect to an electromagnetic wave incident on the dielectric layer, and coating layers formed between the nanowires and the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Energy harvesting devices include a substrate coupled with a photovoltaic material and a plurality of resonance elements associated with the substrate. The resonance elements are configured to collect energy in at least visible and infrared light spectra. Each resonance element is capacitively coupled with the photovoltaic material, and may be configured to resonate at a bandgap energy of the photovoltaic material. Systems include a photovoltaic material coupled with a feedpoint of a resonance element. Methods for harvesting energy include exposing a resonance element having a resonant electromagnetic radiation having a frequency between approximately 20 THz and approximately 1,000 THz, absorbing at least a portion of the electromagnetic radiation with the resonance element, and resonating the resonance element at a bandgap energy of an underlying photovoltaic material.

Abstract: An apparatus and methods for operating a frequency selective surface are disclosed. The apparatus can be tuned to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency. The methods disclosed teach how to tune the frequency selective surface to an on/off state or transmit/reflect electromagnetic energy in any frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board having the same. The bandgap structure includes a conductive layer including a plurality of conductive plates; and a metal layer disposed over or under the conductive layer and including a stitching pattern to electrically connect a first conductive plate to a second conductive plate of the plurality of conductive plates. The bandgap structure includes a spiral stitching pattern formed in a metal layer different from the conductive layer, thus offering a stop-band having a desired bandwidth in a compact structure.

Abstract: Provided are a dipole tag antenna using an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for wireless identification and a wireless identification system using the dipole tag antenna. The dipole tag antenna includes: a substrate formed of a first dielectric material; a conductive ground layer formed underneath the substrate; an AMC layer formed on the substrate; the dipole tag antenna mounted on the AMC layer and comprising a wireless identification chip; and the AMC directly mounted on a conductor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a mobile terminal having an antenna pattern in a main body of the mobile terminal. The mobile terminal includes: a main body having a feed point; a first antenna disposed in the main body, and a second antenna; wherein the second antenna is connected to the first antenna when the first antenna is retracted into the main body. According to the present invention, a digital broadcast signal can be received efficiently without extending an antenna to the outside of a main body of a mobile terminal. Further, damage to an antenna and wear of an antenna connection part are decreased.

Abstract: Examples of the present invention include metamaterials, including metamaterial lenses, having material properties that approximate the behavior of a material with low (0<n<1) effective index of refraction. Metamaterials may be designed and tuned using dispersion engineering to create a relatively wide-band low-index region. A low-index metamaterial lens created highly collimated beams in the far-field from a low-directivity antenna feed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radio communication system configured to secondarily-radiate, to a desired area by reflection, primarily-radiated radio waves from a transmitter apparatus, by using a reflector plate for controlling phases of reflected waves, wherein a reflecting property of the reflector plate is set so that the reflector plate reflects the primarily-radiated radio waves as plane waves of equal phase directed to a direction different from a reflection angle in the case of specular reflection.

Abstract: An antenna module is provided. The antenna module includes a reflective superstrate, an antenna substrate, an antenna and a reflective pattern. The antenna is disposed on the antenna substrate. The reflective pattern is formed on the reflective superstrate, wherein a reflection gap is formed between the reflective superstrate and the antenna substrate. The reflective pattern provides a first reflection phase angle, the antenna substrate provides a second reflection phase angle, the first reflection phase angle includes a first determined phase angle ?1, the first determined phase angle ?1 is not 0°, the first reflection phase angle is about ?(180°??1), the second reflection phase angle includes a second determined phase angle ?2, the second reflection phase angle is about ?(180°??2), a dimension of the reflection gap is directly proportional to a total predetermined phase angle ?=?1+?2, and the total predetermined phase angle is between 0°˜90°.

Abstract: An optical window may be configured to minimize optical aberrations. The optical window may include a laminous optical window assembly. The laminous optical window assembly may have four or more alternating layers of positive refraction material layers and negative refraction material layers. The four or more alternating layers may be configured to minimize refraction of electromagnetic rays propagating therethrough such that a given incident electromagnetic ray is substantially collinear with a corresponding transmitted electromagnetic ray.

Abstract: A metamaterial includes a dielectric substrate and an array of discrete resonators at the dielectric substrate, wherein each of the discrete resonators has a shape that is independently selected from: an F-type shape; an E-type shape; or a y-type shape. A parameter of a chiral metamaterial is determined and a chiral metamaterial having such a parameter is prepared by the use of a model of the chiral metamaterial. The metamaterial model includes an array of discrete resonators. In one embodiment, each of the discrete resonators has a shape that is independently selected from the group consisting of: an F-type shape; an E-type shape; and a y-type shape. To the metamaterial model, electromagnetic (EM) radiation, preferably plane-polarized EM radiation in a visible, ultraviolet or near-infrared region, having at least one wavelength that is larger than the largest dimension of at least resonator of the metamaterial model, is applied.

Abstract: An array antenna may include a substrate, an array of metamaterial elements including radiating elements suspended in the substrate and integrated with the array of dipoles, where the metamaterial elements include a first metal layer and a second metal layer connected by a via, an array of dipoles, a groundplane coupled with a first side of the substrate, the ground plane having a symmetric slot aperture and not contacting the array of metamaterial elements, and a stripline feed for the radiating elements, where the stripline feed passes from a groundplane first side through the symmetric slot aperture to a groundplane second side.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to systems that use frequency selective surfaces (FSS) to aid in the operation of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices and products. In one embodiment, a system for interrogating radio frequency identification (RFID) tags includes a conveyor belt and an RFID reader. The conveyor belt has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is configured to receive an item to which an RFID tag is affixed and the second surface is configured to slide on a metal slide plate. The RFID reader is configured to transmit instructions embodied in a radio frequency (RF) signal to the RFID tag, wherein the metal slide plate is positioned between the RFID reader and the RFID tag and comprises a frequency selective surface that is substantially transparent to the RF signal.

Abstract: Arrangement of resonators in an aperiodic configurations are described, which can be used for electromagnetic cloaking of objects. The overall assembly of resonators, as structures, do not all repeat periodically and at least some of the resonators are spaced such that their phase centers are separated by more than a wavelength. The arrangements can include resonators of several different sizes and/or geometries arranged so that each size or geometry corresponds to a moderate or high “Q” response that resonates within a specific frequency range, and that arrangement within that specific grouping of akin elements is periodic in the overall structure. The relative spacing and arrangement of groupings can be defined by self similarity and origin symmetry.

Abstract: A composite polarizer including a first polarizer having a plurality of parallel metal vanes and a second polarizer having a plurality of parallel layers of dielectric material is provided. The first polarizer is disposed on an axis, and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The second polarizer is disposed on the axis and has a phase advance orientation orthogonal to the axis. The first polarizer has a first differential phase shift for a first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for a second frequency f2. The second polarizer has a first differential phase shift for the first frequency f1 and a second differential phase shift for the second frequency f2. A total of the first differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°, and a total of the second differential phase shifts of the first and second polarizers is about 90°.

Abstract: An electromagnetic band-gap structure includes a circuit board, a ground plane and a plurality of electromagnetic band-gap units. The circuit board includes a first side and a second surface, and the ground plane disposed on the first side. The plurality of electromagnetic band-gap units are located on both the first surface and the second surface and connected to each other along an edge of the ground plane. Every electromagnetic band-gap unit includes a first strip line, a second strip line and a via. The first strip line is located on the first side, including a first relative long strip line and a first relative short strip line connected to the ground. The second strip line is located on the second side. The second strip line is connected to the first strip line of the adjacent electromagnetic band-gap unit through the via.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board into which an electromagnetic bandgap structure for blocking a noise is inserted. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductor and a second conductor arranged on different planar surfaces, a third conductor arranged on a same planar surface that is different from a planar surface where the second conductor is arranged, and a first stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductor to the third connector through the planar surface where the second conductor is arranged and being electrically separated from the second conductor. The first conductor can include a first plate, a second plate spaced from the first plate, and a second stitching unit configured to electrically connect the first plate to the second plate through a planar surface that is different from a planar surface where the first plate and the second plate are arranged.

Abstract: An antenna apparatus is disclosed. The antenna apparatus includes a board and a line antenna. The board includes: a base part having dielectric layers and a conductive layer disposed between the dielectric layers; multiple metal plates arranged on one surface of the base part while being spaced apart at even intervals so as to provide a band-gap surface; and a connection part via which the conductive layer is electrically connectable with the multiple metal plates. The line antenna is located on a band-gap surface side of the board, is arranged along the band gap surface, and is configured to receive and transmit the electromagnetic wave within an operating frequency band. The connection part includes a first adjustment circuit that is configured to individually adjust an impedance between the conductive layer and each of the plurality of metal plates.

Abstract: An EMI noise reduction board using an electromagnetic bandgap structure is disclosed. In the EMI noise reduction board according to an embodiment of the present invention, an electromagnetic bandgap structure having band stop frequency properties can be inserted into an inner portion of the board so as to shield an EMI noise, in which the portion corresponds to an edge of the board and in which the EMI noise is conducted from the inside to the edge of the board and radiates to the outside of the board.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printed circuit board including an electromagnetic bandgap structure. The electromagnetic bandgap structure, which includes a first dielectric material for interlayer insulation and is for blocking a noise, is inserted into the printed circuit board. The electromagnetic bandgap structure can include a first conductive plate, a second conductive plate arranged on a planar surface that is different from that of the first conductive plate, a third conductive plate arranged on a same planar surface as the first conductive plate, and a stitching via unit configured to connect the first conductive plate and the third conductive plate through the planar surface on which the second conductive plate is arranged. A second dielectric material having a permittivity that is different from that of the first dielectric material is interposed between any two of the first conductive plate, the second conductive plate, and the third conductive plate.

Abstract: A metamaterial comprising a plurality of unit lattices which are arrayed on a plane in a two dimensional manner and are laminated, wherein a dielectric layer is formed from a first dielectric section and a second dielectric section that is present on the same plane as the first dielectric section and has a smaller refractive index than that of the first dielectric section, wherein the first dielectric section is arranged on an upper side or a lower side of the metal cross layer forming the unit lattice including at least a portion of the crossing region, and wherein the second dielectric section is arranged on an upper side or a lower side of the metal cross layer forming the unit lattice including at least a portion of the non-crossing region.

Abstract: A tunable impedance surface capable of steering a multiband radio frequency beam in two different, independently band-wise controllable directions. The tunable surface has a ground plane and a plurality of first conductive elements disposed in a first array a first distance therefrom, the first distance being less than a wavelength of a lower frequency band of the multiband radio frequency beam. A first capacitor arrangement controllably varies capacitance between selected ones of the first conductive elements. A plurality of second conductive elements are disposed in a second array a second distance from the plurality of first conductive elements, the second distance being less than a wavelength of a higher frequency band of the multiband radio frequency beam, the plurality of first conductive elements serving as a ground plane for the plurality of second conductive elements. A second capacitor arrangement controllably varies capacitance between selected ones of the second conductive elements.

Abstract: An EMI noise reduction board is disclosed. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise reduction board having an electromagnetic bandgap structure for shielding a noise includes: a first area having a ground layer and a power layer; a second area placed in a side portion of the first area having an electromagnetic bandgap structure therein. The electromagnetic bandgap structure includes: a plurality of first conductive plates and a plurality of second conductive plates placed on a same planar surface along the side portion of the first area; and a stitching via configured to electrically connect the first conductive plate to the second conductive plate through a planar surface that is different from the first conductive plate and the second conductive plate.

Abstract: An apparatus for interacting with electromagnetic radiation includes a plurality of elements each having a respective individual response. The plurality of elements is arranged in a pattern corresponding to a selected group response to the electromagnetic radiation. The selected group response is a function of variable inter-element couplings between selected ones of the elements and one or more other ones of the elements. The variable inter-element couplings are variable in response to an external input.

Abstract: Electromagnetic slow wave structures (SWS) comprised of arrays of conductive obstacles are formed inside conductive parallel-plate waveguides These SWS may be formed using, for example, MEMS manufacturing processes at the wafer level on substrates including ceramic and silicon. An effective relative permittivity in the range of 15 to 40 may be obtained at millimeterwave frequencies. The SWS can be made absorptive by incorporating resistive losses in a plate of the PPW. Applications of these slow wave structures include delay lines and bootlace lens beamformers for microwave and millimeterwave antenna systems.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an array of radiating elements includes on one layer or surface of a dielectric substrate, forming a first leg of a first resonator loop, on another layer or surface of the dielectric substrate forming a second leg of the first resonator loop between adjacent radiating elements, forming a via through the dielectric substrate, and metallizing the via forming a third leg of the first resonator loop interconnecting the first and second legs.

Abstract: An integrated circuit (IC) antenna structure includes a micro-electromechanical (MEM) area, a feed point, and a transmission line. The micro-electromechanical (MEM) area includes a three-dimensional shape, wherein the three dimensional-shape provides an antenna structure. The feed point is coupled to provide an outbound radio frequency (RF) signal to the antenna structure for transmission and to receive an inbound RF signal from the antenna structure. The transmission line electrically coupled to the feed point.

Abstract: An antenna radome is provided. The antenna radome comprises an antenna radome substrate and a unit cell. The unit cell is formed on a surface of the antenna radome substrate, and the unit cell is perpendicular to a magnetic field direction of an antenna. The unit cell comprises a plurality of conductors.

Abstract: Embodiments of chip-lens array antenna systems are described. In some embodiments, the chip-lens array antenna systems (100) may comprise a millimeter-wave lens (104), and a chip-array antenna (102) to generate and direct millimeter-wave signals through the millimeter-wave lens (104) for subsequent transmission.

Abstract: An antenna module is provided. The antenna module includes an antenna and an EBG element. The EBG element includes an EBG ground layer, a plurality of reflective units and a plurality of connection posts. The reflective units are arranged in a matrix, a gap is formed between the nearby reflective units, and the reflective units are corresponding to the antenna. Each connection post connects the reflective unit to the EBG ground layer.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board including it as well as a method of manufacturing thereof that can solve a mixed signal problem between an analog circuit and a digital circuit are disclosed. The electromagnetic bandgap structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can include: a first metal layer; a first dielectric layer, stacked on the first metal layer; a metal plate, stacked on the first dielectric layer; a second dielectric layer, stacked on the metal plate and the first dielectric layer; a second metal layer, stacked on the second dielectric layer; and a via, directed from the metal plate to the first metal layer and the second metal layer. The via can be connected to the first metal layer and is not connected the second metal layer.