Abstract: A removable electronics device for pre-fabricated sensor assemblies of interactive objects is provided. The removable electronics device includes one or more processors, a first communication interface configured to communicatively couple with one or more remote computing devices, and a second communication interface configured to communicatively couple with a plurality of pre-fabricated sensor assemblies having touch sensors with different sensor layouts. The removable electronics module can analyze, in response to being physically coupled to a first pre-fabricated sensor assembly, first touch data to detect one or more pre-defined motions based on one or more first pre-defined parameters associated with the first touch sensor. The removable electronics module can analyze, in response to being physically coupled to a second pre-fabricated sensor assembly, second touch data to detect the one or more pre-defined motions based on one or more second pre-defined parameters associated with the second touch sensor.

Abstract: A mobile terminal is disclosed. The mobile terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention can comprise: a display unit for displaying an image; a pen mountable on or detachable from the mobile terminal, and making contact with a screen of the display unit so as to provide an input to the mobile terminal; a sensing unit for sensing the mounting or the detachment of the pen; and a control unit for controlling the display unit such that an execution image of a memo application to be controlled according to the mounting or the detachment of the pen is displayed.

Abstract: A sensor controller is provided, to be connected to a sensor electrode group configuring a surface. The sensor controller supplies a determined AC signal to one or more AC signal transmission electrodes that form part of a plurality of sensor electrodes included in the sensor electrode group, and the sensor controller transmits, from cancellation signal transmission electrode(s) different from the AC signal transmission electrodes, a cancellation signal configured to prevent a signal transmitted from the AC signal transmission electrodes from appearing in a ground terminal of a detection circuit of the stylus. The sensor controller thusly configured may facilitate preventing a situation in which the stylus cannot detect an uplink signal and facilitate preventing the uplink signal from affecting the operation of another apparatus such as a display apparatus.

Abstract: A message erasing device and a message erasing system, and the message erasing system includes a message erasing device and a message receiving device. The message erasing device includes a device body, a processing module, and an erasing module. The device body touches the message receiving device by a clearing unit and erases an actual message of the message receiving device, and the movable unit touches the processing module according to the clearing unit touching the message receiving device, so that the processing module generates an erasing signal to the message receiving device. The message receiving device provides a clear signal to an electronic device according to the erasing signal.

Abstract: Methods for enhancing touch selections for content are performed by systems and devices. Users apply a contact instrument such as a finger, stylus, or pen to a touch interface to select content displayed via a user interface. Different amounts of the content are selected based on the characteristics of the contact instrument application to the touch interface and displayed to the user. Additionally, selected portions of content can be expanded or reduced by altering the application of the contact instrument, such as changing pressure or orientation, and by receiving other selection modifying inputs from other input devices. Characteristics of interaction for contact instruments are determined and applied to selection commands by the systems and devices. Context information related to the content is also used in determining the scope of selections.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display, a rotatable input mechanism, one or more processors, and memory. The electronic device displays content on the display and detects a first user input. In response to detecting the first user input, the electronic displays an enlarged view of the content that includes displaying an enlarged first portion of the content without displaying a second portion of the content. While displaying the enlarged view of the enlarged first portion of the content, in response to detecting a rotation of the rotatable input mechanism, the electronic device performs different tasks based on the operational state of the electronic device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for object measurement in accordance with aspects of the disclosure are described. One embodiment of the invention includes a system including a processor, a memory in communication with the processor, an input device, and an image capture device, wherein the processor obtains image data using the image capture device in response to input received from the input device indicating that image data should be captured, identifies a set of feature points within the obtained image data, completes the obtaining of the image data based on the set of feature points identified and in response to input received from the input device indicating that image data should no longer be captured, generates a model based on the set of feature points, measures the generated model with respect to a reference plane, and provides an indication of the measured size of the generated model.

Abstract: An input information management apparatus includes one or more sensors, one or more memories, and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and the one or more processors configured to acquire a first input and a second input detected by the one or more sensors, associate a first region related to the first input with identification information of a first user according to the second input, and store, when a third input in the first region is detected, information related to the third input in association with the identification information of the first user into the one or more memories.

Abstract: In a multi-user, collaborative environment, an operating system state change can occur by passing a stylus pen from one user to another. Upon detecting a change of the active user, a state machine transition can result in a change in a user experience. In one example, a change in the user experience includes a change in user interface (UI) functionality. Some examples include changing color of the digital ink being displayed, changing a handwriting pattern, and automatically switching a view displayed on the user interface. The switched view can be switching from a single-user model to a multi-user model. In another example, a state machine transition can result in establishing connections between devices (e.g., phones or laptops) associated with the users that used the pen.

Abstract: A stylus pen according to an exemplary embodiment includes: a main body; a holder that is connected to the main body and of which an opening is formed at an end thereof; a stylus tip that is formed by being partially or wholly derived in the opening of the holder, and of which at least a part has a shape of a sphere or a shape of which some area contacting a sense surface has a constant curvature; and a conductive member that is electrically connected to the stylus tip and extends to the holder and the interior of the main body. According to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, a program caused due to tilting of the stylus pen can be solved and touch sensitivity of the stylus tip can be enhanced.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes methods and devices for generation and control of virtual displays in a virtual environment. A method includes receiving a trigger input from a user of a computing device, the computing device including a physical display that displays first content, initiating at least one virtual display based on the trigger input from the user, providing the at least one virtual display in association with the physical display, and displaying second content via the at least one virtual display in association with the first content displayed via the physical display.

Abstract: An interactive display system, according to particular embodiments, comprises: (1) one or more interactive display devices, which may, for example, include any suitable interactive display device; and (2) one or more connected computing devices operatively coupled to the one or more interactive display devices (e.g., via any suitable wireless and/or wired connection). In some embodiments, the one or more interactive display devices are configured to display data (e.g., video data, image data, etc.) from the one or more connected computing devices on at least a portion of a display screen of the one or more interactive display devices. In particular embodiments, the one or more interactive display devices are configured to modify a user interface position based on one or more user characteristics.

Abstract: A sensor controller is provided for use in a position detector for detecting a position of a position indicator on a touch surface. The sensor controller includes a microprocessor for outputting a value of a symbol to be sent to the position indicator. The sensor controller includes a transmitter coupled to the microprocessor for generating a transmission signal including a chip string CN1 produced by cyclically shifting a code string PNa having autocorrelation characteristics by a shift quantity based on the value of the symbol to be sent, and sending the generated transmission signal to the position indicator via the touch surface. A higher bit rate can be obtained for a given chip rate compared with the prior art in which only 1 bit can be expressed by one code string.

Abstract: Provided is a device including a memory storing information about sequences of a plurality of registered words; an input unit comprising input circuitry configured to receive an input of a text comprising a first eojeol not belonging to the plurality of registered words, wherein, in the first eojeol, a first word is attached to a first registered word that belongs to the plurality of registered words; and a controller configured to detect the first registered word from the first eojeol, to determine a predicted eojeol to be input after the text, based on the information about the sequences of the plurality of registered words and the detected first registered word and to control a display to display the predicted eojeol.

Abstract: The present application provides a method and apparatus for signal transmission, and a method and apparatus for signal reception, where the method for signal transmission is applied to an active stylus, including: phase encoding information to be transmitted using a preset phase signal, to obtain an encoded signal; and transmitting a stylus tip signal, where the stylus tip signal comprises the encoded signal. The present application can increase amount of information transmitted between the active stylus and a touch control screen in a limited duration.

Abstract: A message projecting device is provided. The device comprises a lens, an optical display having light-modulating capability, a light source, a communication port and circuitry coupled to the communication port and optical display. Light generated by the light source can be directed through the optical display and lens. A communication port can be configured to electronically couple the projecting device to a nearby electronic device. A communication signal received by the electronic device can be relayed to the message projector and be received by the communication port, Information carried on the communication signal can be recovered and conveyed to the optical display via the circuitry. A virtual image embodying the information can be generated by the optical display and projected through the lens onto a nearby display surface.

Abstract: A mobile communication terminal and a method of recommending an application or content by providing information regarding a terminal status obtained by the mobile communication terminal when a connection device is connected to the mobile communication terminal without having to look for the application or content. The mobile communication terminal includes a connection status determining unit which determines a connection status of a connection device and the mobile communication terminal, a terminal status storage unit which stores information regarding a terminal status of the mobile communication terminal; and a recommended target executing unit which determines a recommended application based on the connection status and the information regarding the terminal status of the mobile communication terminal.

Abstract: In one aspect, a device includes a touch-enabled display, a processor, and a memory accessible to the processor. The memory bears instructions executable by the processor to determine that an input device is within a proximity to the touch-enabled display, and in response to the determination and without supplemental input from a person, present on the touch-enabled display a user interface (UI) for providing input to the first device at least in part based on manipulation of the input device.

Abstract: An interactive drawing tablet is provided having a housing and at least one surface on which printed media is mounted. A delivery device is electrically coupled to the interactive drawing tablet and is configured to hold a writing implement. An array of emitters are embedded in the surface and configured to emit signals. The delivery device is configured to receive the signals from the emitters when the delivery device is brought into proximity to the individual emitters and thereby determine a location on the printed media. The interactive drawing tablet is equipped with a speaker for emitting audio media to the user of the tablet. The interactive drawing tablet provides a user with instructions as to actions that should be taken with respect to the printed media.

Abstract: An example touch pen attachment is attachable to a game controller including a controller-side slide portion. The touch pen attachment includes a housing, an attachment-side slide portion, a stopper portion, and a touch pen portion. The attachment-side slide portion is configured to slidably engage with the controller-side slide portion in a slide direction, wherein the attachment-side slide portion has a first side and a second side with respect to the slide direction, and the controller-side slide portion is insertable into the attachment-side slide portion from the first side. The stopper portion stops a slide movement, in an insertion direction, of the controller-side slide portion. The touch pen portion is on at least one of an end portion of the housing on the first side in the slide direction and another end portion thereof on the second side in the slide direction.

Abstract: The improved cell phone case comprises a phone case and a stylus. The phone case may cover and protect a smart device. The stylus may be operable to mark on a touch screen of the smart device. The phone case may comprise a stylus holder for carrying the stylus. The stylus may be communicatively coupled to the smart device via a wireless link. The stylus may comprise a microphone and a speaker and may be operable as a remote handset for the smart device both when the stylus is coupled to the phone case via the stylus holder and when the stylus is removed from the stylus holder. The stylus may be held next to a head of a user so that the user may hear call audio from the speaker and the smart device may pick up user's speech via the microphone.

Abstract: A real handwriting stylus and a touch device, including: a stylus shell and a battery, stylus system circuit, touch pressure sensitive components and touch module inside the shell, the components including: a nib, nib touch switch and nib pressure inductor; the circuit including: a charging circuit, power control and shutdown delay circuit, power voltage conversion circuit, function keys, RF modulating and RF transceiver circuit and a signal generating circuit; the RF circuit connects with the inductor and function keys, acquiring the nib pressure, function key, and RF modulation signals; the RF circuit can receive frequency hopping command RF signals of the touch component, then output frequency-hopping signals to the signal generating circuit, acquiring the frequency-hopping signals to proceed frequency hopping operation, therefore the stylus and the touch device have very strong anti-interference features, and the real handwriting written effects, the function keys can define any shortcut keys on external

Abstract: An input device for providing input to a computing device. The input device includes a body, a visual element, and a processing element in communication with the visual element. The processing element dynamically changes a graphic displayed by the visual element to correspond to presentation data corresponding to the input device as presented to the computing device. The dynamic changes in the graphic provide indication to a user regarding the current state of the input device.

Abstract: A method and system for displaying information on a transparent display device includes receiving a touch input for selecting an object displayed on a screen of an external device that is viewable through a screen of the transparent display device, requesting the external device for information related to the object, receiving the information related to the object from the external device, and displaying the received information on the screen of the transparent display device.

Abstract: A digital inking device can automatically adapt its interaction modality to provide contextually relevant status information and contextually relevant user interface control elements based on a user's activity. An interaction model of a digital inking device can automatically adapt the display of particular control user interface control elements and particular status indicators based on one or more factors. For example, a digital inking device can select an interaction model from a number of interaction models based on a way a digital inking device is held by a user, a fingerprint of a user, an angle and/or distance of a digital inking device with respect to a paired computer, a particular grip a user has on a digital inking device, an amount of pressure that is used to hold a digital inking device, a contact pressure between a digital inking device and a paired computer, and/or one more gestures performed by a user.

Abstract: A touch sensing device determines a contact location of a pen by using a first electrode signal generated from a first electrode of the pen, determines additional information related to the pen by using a second electrode signal generated from a second electrode of the pen, and can determine tilt information of the pen and/or rotation information of the pen by using a profile of the first electrode signal and a profile of the second electrode signal.

Abstract: Provided are an information processing apparatus and an information processing method capable of executing processing on the basis of a rotation operation that allows a user to easily rotate an operating body. An information processing apparatus including a processing execution unit that executes predetermined processing on a basis of a result of detecting a rotation operation of moving an operation body to draw a track about a predetermined axis such that a second portion of the operating body, which is different from a first portion of the operating body that is determined to be in contact with or approaching an operation plane, has a larger rotation radius than a rotation radius of the first portion.

Abstract: In various examples there is a capsule of a stylus for operation with a digitizer device. The capsule is sized and shaped to fit within a housing of the stylus and is a modular capsule which can be used in different styli. The capsule comprises a generally cylindrical housing tapered at a tip end and formed from plastics material. The capsule has a stylus tip comprising a tip antenna. The capsule has at least one antenna printed on an outer surface of the housing.

Abstract: A system, method and devices for text input system for disambiguating keystrokes entered by a user, comprising a plurality of data keys, said plurality of data keys configured to facilitate the smallest number of required language letters, and to facilitate between two to six characters per each data key, by a further smaller number of keys, including touch-based key strokes facilitating by a differential way both precise single character selection and the selection of all letters facilitated by this key, including integrated word prediction function; each of said plurality of data keys configured to facilitate at least one but no more than three characters on each side of the symmetry axis of the key, such symmetry axis can be vertical or horizontal; and are adapted for enabling entry of an at least one word by a succession of touch-based keystrokes and a word prediction function on said keyboard.

Abstract: The electronic devices described herein are configured to enhance user experience associated with using a pen or other writing implement and capturing the content written or drawn. A cartridge device is coupled to or included in the pen or writing implement. The cartridge device is configured to collect pen input based on the pen being used by a user to write or draw. Collected pen input is saved on the cartridge device and, when a connection to a network storage device or cloud server is detected, the collected pen input is uploaded. The cartridge device may be associated with a user account based on user credentials, such that pen input stored and/or uploaded is associated with the user account on the cartridge device and don the network storage device or cloud server.

Abstract: An electronic pen has increased strength, especially a pen tip portion that is not bent or broken even if the electronic pen is slimmed down. A core unit includes a ferrite core on which a coil is wound and a core rod. The core rod is fixed from a first end of the ferrite core to a second end of the ferrite core at a position including a center axis of the ferrite core and projects at an end thereof from the first end of the ferrite core. The ferrite core includes a first coil non-winding portion on which the coil is not wound provided on the pen tip side of the ferrite core. In operation, the end of the core rod and part of the first coil non-winding portion of the ferrite core project from an opening of a housing of the electronic pen.

Abstract: A controller of an in-cell type liquid crystal display device is provided. The controller controls first and second electrodes that intersect each other, supplies a pixel driving voltage to the first electrodes during a pixel driving period, and detects a stylus position using the first and second electrodes during a stylus detection period different from the pixel driving period. The controller transmits, using the second electrodes, a command requesting a transmission of a downlink signal to the stylus. The controller detects, using the first and second electrodes, the downlink signal transmitted from the stylus in response to the command, and detects the stylus position based on the detected downlink signal.

Abstract: Embodiments describe a receiving element that includes a ferromagnetic structure axially symmetrical around a central axis disposed along a length of the ferromagnetic structure. The ferromagnetic structure includes a groove region defining two end regions on opposing sides of the groove region, where the groove region has a smaller length than the two end regions. The receiving element also includes an inductor coil wound about the groove region of the ferromagnetic structure and in between the two end regions.

Abstract: A projector includes: a position detection unit which detects a designated position (XYZ coordinates) designated by a light pen; and a mode changing unit which determines that an operation button provided on the light pen is operated, and which changes a drawing mode if it is determined that the operation button is operated. The mode changing unit: changes the drawing tool if the Z coordinate of the designated position when it is determined that the operation button is operated is within a first distance range; changes the color of the pen if the Z coordinate of the designated position when it is determined that the operation button is operated is within a second distance range; and changes the thickness of the pen or the like if the Z coordinate of the designated position when it is determined that the operation button is operated is within a third distance range.

Abstract: A touch pen includes a shaft-shaped body, a pen tip provided on a front end of the body, a switch unit arranged in a line on a side face of the body, a battery disposed inside the body, and a barrel in which a slit having a front opening is formed in an axial direction. A back end of the body is inserted from the opening such that the barrel covers an outer face of the body with the switch unit positioned in the slit, and the barrel has a center of gravity on an opposite side of the slit as seen in a transverse cross-section. When the touch pen is placed horizontally in a state with the barrel mounted on the outer face of the body, the center of gravity is positioned on the opposite side of the switch unit and the switch unit is positioned on top.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to an interactive display. Motion of an input device on a display screen is tracked and pixels of the display screen that have changed based on the tracked motion are updated. Portions of the display screen corresponding to the updated pixels are refreshed.

Abstract: An electronic pen has a cylindrical chassis, a circuit board disposed within a pillar-shaped hollow portion of the chassis, and a connector exposable from an opening in the chassis to outside of the chassis. The connector includes a housing and a shell. The shell has a first size in a direction parallel to a planar surface of a contact portion of the connector and orthogonal to the axial direction of the chassis that is smaller than a diameter of the hollow portion of the chassis. The shell is coupled to the circuit board in a state in which the direction of the first size of the shell is parallel to a planar surface of the circuit board, and a width of the circuit board in a direction orthogonal to the axial direction of the circuit board is less than the first size of the shell.

Abstract: A stylus pen that can be used as an input device to a digitizer associated with a computer screen on a computing device, such as a computer, mobile device, tablet, etc. The stylus pen can include an end cap that has multiple pressure thresholds for implementing different user-input commands. To detect the pressure being applied to the end cap, the cap is movable relative to a stylus pen body so as to move a plunger in proximity or contact with a mechanical switch. The mechanical switch is a single-action switch that is converted to a dual-action switch by using the electrical conductivity of the switch to detect an electrical coupling between a plunger and the switch. The electrical coupling can be in the form of a capacitive coupling or a direct electrical connection. Further pressure can be detected through actuation of the mechanical switch.

Abstract: An active touch pen includes a pen barrel, a pen head, a pen shaft, a sleeve, a processor, a sensor and a wireless transmission assembly. The pen head is connected to the pen barrel. The pen shaft and the sleeve are respectively disposed in the pen barrel, and the pen shaft penetrates through the sleeve. The processor, the sensor and the wireless transmission assembly are respectively connected to the pen shaft. The sensor is configured to detect variation of a first pattern of the sleeve during the sleeve rotating relative to the pen ban-el so as to obtain a first sensing data and transmits the first sensing data to the processor. The processor calculates rotation amount of the sleeve according to the first sensing data and transmits the rotation amount to the touch display device through the wireless transmission assembly.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer readable media are disclosed for gesture input beyond skeletal. A user's movement or body position is captured by a capture device of a system. Further, non-user-position data is received by the system, such as controller input by the user, an item that the user is wearing, a prop under the control of the user, or a second user's movement or body position. The system incorporates both the user-position data and the non-user-position data to determine one or more inputs the user made to the system.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a touch circuit, a touch array circuit and a method for driving the same, and a display panel. The touch circuit includes: a first resistor, a second resistor, a control sub-circuit, a third resistor, a strain resistor and a Hall element. The first resistor is connected to a first scanning signal terminal, the control sub-circuit, the second resistor and the Hall element. The second resistor is further connected to a first level terminal and the third resistor. The control sub-circuit is further connected to the strain resistor and a second scanning signal terminal. The strain resistor is further connected to the third resistor and the Hall element. The Hall element is further connected to an inductive voltage output terminal.

Abstract: Provided is an electronic apparatus including a supporting member that supports an electronic pen including a terminal when the electronic pen is inserted into the apparatus, an electrode that is movably supported, and a movement mechanism that moves the electrode to a first position where the electrode comes into contact with the terminal by a force received from the electronic pen, when the electronic pen is inserted into the apparatus.

Abstract: An exemplary virtual object presentation system accesses depth data for surfaces of a three-dimensional (“3D”) virtual object. The system determines, based on the depth data, a set of element configuration operations that, when performed by field formation elements included within an array of reconfigurable field formation elements, form a field in accordance with the depth data. Specifically, the field formed is to be haptically perceptible to a user using a field perception apparatus. The system may direct the field formation elements included within the array of reconfigurable field formation elements to perform the set of element configuration operations to thereby form the haptically perceptible field. In this way, the array of reconfigurable field formation elements generates a haptically perceptible virtual object representative of the 3D virtual object for perception by the user using the field perception apparatus. Corresponding methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electronic device and a method of the electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a touch screen display that displays a user interface, a force sensor that detects a pressure with which an external object touches the touch screen display, a wireless communication circuit, and a processor that controls the touch screen display to display the user interface, receives, from at least one of the force sensor and the wireless communication circuit, data representing that the external object is pressing a portion of the user interface with a pressure greater than or equal to a selected pressure, receives a handwriting input through the touch screen display, and displays the handwriting input on the user interface on the touch screen display.

Abstract: A pen input device sheet, which contacts a tip part of a core body of an electronic pen for a pen input device, includes a resin film layer. A diameter of the tip part is SR. An amount of sinking of the resin film layer is ? and a coefficient of kinetic friction between the resin film layer and the tip part is ?, which change according to a load when the tip part is in contact with the pen input device sheet. When the load applied to the tip part of the core body is changed and corresponding measurements are taken, and the measurements plotted with ? allocated to an ordinate axis and a ratio of ?/SR is allocated to an abscissa axis, a fitted straight line plotted based on the measurements has a proportional relation corresponding to a proportional relation between ? and the ratio of ?/SR.

Abstract: A stylus pen is disclosed that can detect touch signals from a digitizer and dynamically determine which digitizer (e.g., make/model) generated the touch signals. The stylus pen can then switch to one of a plurality of candidate protocols, without interaction from the user, so as to communicate with the digitizer. The digitizer need not explicitly communicate what protocol it supports to the stylus pen. Rather, the stylus pen analyzes the digitizer waveforms and compares the waveforms to known signatures to determine which digitizer is being used. The stylus pen can then dynamically set a protocol used to communicate with the digitizer that matches the protocol expected by the digitizer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming an identification pattern for a touchscreen. The method comprising: (a) defining a touch region by touching a region forming point on a touchscreen; and (b) forming an identification pattern by touching an identification pattern point in the touch region.

Abstract: A position indicator includes a light emitting element, a resonance circuit including a coil which, in operation, transmits and receives a signal to and from a sensor of a position detection apparatus and a capacitor connected in parallel to the coil, and a signal generation circuit which, in operation, accumulates power of the signal received from the sensor by the resonance circuit and generates a light emission driving controlling signal that drives and controls the light emitting element to emit light based on the accumulated power. The light emitting element is driven and controlled by the light emission driving controlling signal generated by the signal generation circuit to perform light emission control of the light emitting element of the position indicator by the position detection apparatus. The position indicator has a simple configuration and performs light emission control of the light emitting element under control of the position detection apparatus.

Abstract: The structure and devices described herein provide an improved attachment for a peripheral device, such as a stylus, to a computing device when not in use. A stylus may have magnets contained therein that cooperate with magnets in a computing device to magnetically secure the stylus to the computing device when not in use. In addition, a retractable interlock may automatically extend from the stylus when the stylus is in proximity of the computing device. The interlock is received in a receptacle of the computing device to provide an improved attachment through the mechanical interaction of the interlock and the receptacle. The interlock is biased in a retracted position and automatically extends through magnetic attraction with the computing device.

Abstract: One embodiment is directed to a method comprising obtaining, using a portable device, identifier information about one or more identifiers associated with one or more of a rack and equipment installed in the rack and displaying on the portable device a picture of the rack captured and displaying on the portable device an overlay that includes markings that define a perimeter of the rack and a plurality of equipment positions within the rack. The method further comprises receiving, by the portable device, an alignment of the overlay on the picture of the rack and the equipment positions and receiving location information for the rack. The method further comprises storing the picture of the rack, the alignment of the overlay on the picture of the rack, the identifier location, and the location information by a management application. Other embodiments are disclosed.