Abstract: A display device includes: a data driver for supplying a data signal to each of a plurality of data lines; and a pixel unit including a plurality of sub-pixels. The pixel unit further includes one dummy data line disposed separate from a data line of a first column among the data lines. The data line of the first column is connected to sub-pixels disposed on odd-numbered pixel rows among sub-pixels disposed on a first pixel column, and is connected to sub-pixels disposed on even-numbered pixel rows among sub-pixels disposed on a third pixel column. The dummy data line is connected to sub-pixels disposed on the even-numbered pixel rows among the sub-pixels disposed on the first pixel column.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display panel including a first surface including first pixels and a second surface including second pixels, the first surface contacting the second surface at a panel center thereof, a first source integrated circuit (IC) sequentially latching first image data, which is to be applied to the first surface, in a first direction facing the panel center at a panel edge of the first surface, and a second source IC sequentially latching second image data, which is to be applied to the second surface, in a second direction facing the panel center at a panel edge of the second surface, wherein the first direction is opposite to the second direction.

Abstract: A display device includes a display region including display pixels, dummy pixels disposed outside the display region, light blocking films covering the dummy pixels. The display region includes a first region and a second region having a lower display pixel density than the first region. A control circuit is configured to supply the display pixels in the second region with driving current higher than driving current for the first region for the same grayscale level specified in image data, supply each of the dummy pixels with the same data signal as a data signal for the associated display pixel in the second region, measure deterioration of the light-emitting element of each of the dummy pixels, and adjust data signals for the display pixels in the second region associated with the dummy pixels based on results of the measurement.

Abstract: A projection system and a projection method are provided. The projection system includes a digital micromirror device, a digital light processing chip, and a display processing chip. The display processing chip receives a first image signal with a variable frame rate from an external signal source, and outputs a second image signal with one of a plurality of fixed projection frame rates to the digital light processing chip according to the first image signal and one of the fixed projection frame rates supported by the projection system. The digital light processing chip drives the digital micromirror device according to the second image signal. The projection system and the projection method of the invention may realize a variable frame rate function and effectively improve smoothness of a projection image.

Abstract: A display device can include a display panel configured to display an image, a scan driving circuit configured to supply a scan signal to the display panel, and a data driving circuit configured to supply a data voltage to the display panel. The data driving circuit can include a data controller configured to vary an output timing of the data voltage based on independent control for each of at least one latch.

Abstract: A parallel bus phase correction method and a device are provided. The method comprises: correcting a data bus, respectively performing phase correction tests on a clock line; determining a first optimal window of the clock line according to the clock test results; correcting the clock line by using a median value of the first optimal window, respectively performing phase correction tests on the data bus according to the multiple second phase adjustment values, and recording corresponding data test results; determining a second optimal window of the data bus according to the data test results; and performing phase correction on normal data transmission on the basis of the median value of the first optimal window and the median value of the second optimal window. The method achieves phase correction and ensures the correctness and accuracy of data transmission, even if a small clock offset is present.

Abstract: A display device includes a timing controller configured to generate clock signals, a start signal, and image data. A scan driver includes a plurality of stages configured to sequentially output the clock signals as scan signals in response to the start signal. A data driver configured to generate a data signal based on the image data. A display unit includes pixels configured to emit light with luminance corresponding to the data signal in response to the scan signal. The timing controller is to mask at least one of the clock signals in a first section, a second section, and a third section included in one frame section and spaced from each other.

Abstract: A display panel includes pixels disposed in a delta-nabla layout. Each data line set consists of three data lines of a data line for a first color, a data line for a second color, and a data line for a third color disposed consecutively. An additional data line for the first color is disposed outside the data line sets. Each pixel circuit for the first color in each of pixel circuit column pairs is supplied with a data signal from a data line for the first color closer to the pixel circuit between the data line for the first color in the associated data line set and the data line for the first color located adjacent to the data line for the third color in the associated data line set outside the associated data line set.

Abstract: A display device including a light-emitting diode, a first transistor, a second transistor, a data line connected to the second transistor and configured to transmit a data signal, a third transistor, a first signal line connected to a gate electrode of the second transistor and configured to transmit a first signal, a second signal line connected to a gate electrode of the third transistor and configured to transmit a second signal, and a connect portion connected to a gate electrode of the first transistor and an electrode of the third transistor, in which the connect portion overlaps the first signal line and the second signal line, and an overlapping area between the connect portion and the first signal line is different from an overlapping area between the connect portion and the second signal line.

Abstract: A display device comprises: a display panel including a light emitting element, a driving transistor providing a driving current to the light emitting element using a high potential driving voltage and switching transistors controlling the driving transistor; a gate driving circuit supplying scan signals to the display panel; a data driving circuit generating a data voltage or a bias voltage using a feedback high potential driving voltage transmitted through a high potential driving voltage feedback line; and a timing controller controlling the gate driving circuit and the data driving circuit so that the data voltage is supplied to the display panel in a first period at a low speed mode which the display panel is driven at predetermined driving frequency less than a frequency of a high speed mode and the bias voltage is supplied to the display panel in a second period at a low speed mode.

Abstract: A display apparatus is capable of improving a dynamic false contour. The display apparatus may control to change an order of a plurality of pulses of which widths are modulated for an emission time set within one frame, or divide pulses corresponding to the most significant bit (MSB) and the second significant bit (MSB-1) of image data among the pulses into two or more sub-pulses, and output the sub-pulses.

Abstract: A system, circuit, and method for implementing a low power common electrode voltage for a display (e.g., LcoS display) having transistors with low to moderate breakdown voltages may include a first and a second low voltage amplifier, wherein the first amplifier generates a pixel voltage and the second amplifier generates a predetermined voltage. The circuit may include a common electrode circuit coupled to the first and second amplifier to generate a common electrode voltage. Particularly, the circuit may include a control circuit coupled to the common electrode circuit, wherein, during a first phase, the control circuit selectively controls the common electrode circuit to generate a low common electrode voltage based upon a negative value of the predetermined voltage. Further, during a second phase, the control circuit selectively controls the common electrode circuit to generate a high common electrode voltage based upon the sum of the predetermined voltage and the pixel voltage.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a pixel circuit, a display panel and a display apparatus. A gate of a data writing transistor is electrically connected with a first scan line, a first electrode of the data writing transistor is electrically connected with a data line, and a second electrode of the data writing transistor is electrically connected with a first electrode of a drive transistor; a gate of a threshold compensation transistor is electrically connected with a second scan line, a first electrode of the threshold compensation transistor is electrically connected with a gate of the drive transistor, and a second electrode of the threshold compensation transistor is electrically connected with a second electrode of the drive transistor; and a compensation circuit is electrically connected with the gate of the drive transistor.

Abstract: The present application provides a GOA circuit and an array substrate. The GOA circuit includes a plurality of cascaded gate driving units, wherein an N-th level gate driving unit includes an inversion module, and a portion of a clock signal can be output from an output terminal of the inversion module. Since a frequency of the clock signal is much higher than a frequency of a low-frequency control signal, a duration during which an output signal of the inversion module is kept at a same potential is reduced.

Abstract: A gate driving unit includes an Nth stage of shift register unit and an (N+1)th stage of shift register unit, N is a positive integer. The Nth stage of shift register unit includes an Nth stage of pull-up node control circuit, and the (N+1)th stage of shift register unit includes an (N+1)th stage of pull-up node control circuit. The Nth stage of pull-up node control circuit is electrically connected to an Nth stage of pull-up node and a control line, controls a potential of the Nth stage of pull-up node under the control of a control signal inputted by the control line. The (N+1)th stage of pull-up node control circuit is electrically connected to an (N+1)th stage of pull-up node and the control line, respectively, and controls a potential of the (N+1)th stage of pull-up node under the control of the control signal inputted by the control line.

Abstract: Techniques for calculating a per-tenant cost in a multi-tenant data storage system. In one example, a method comprises the following steps. One or more cost contribution factors associated with a storage provider entity operating a data storage system for a plurality of tenants of the data storage system are identified. One or more cost items chargeable to each of the plurality of tenants are identified, the one or more cost items being associated with usage of the data storage system by each of the plurality of tenants. The one or more cost contribution factors associated with the storage provider entity are correlated with the one and more chargeable cost items for each of the plurality of tenants. A respective cost value payable by each tenant is determined based on the correlation step. In one further example, the methodology calculates a fixed energy cost associated with storing tenant data and a dynamic energy cost associated with the tenant accessing the stored data.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel and a processor. The processor is coupled to the display panel. The processor is configured to generate first output data according to first input data and a first compensation value, generate a stress reduction value and a compensation reduction value according to the first input data, calculate a final stress value according to the first output data, at least one first operating factor, and the stress reduction value, calculate a second compensation value according to the final stress value and the compensation reduction value, and output second output data according to second input data, the second compensation value, and at least one second operating factor. The display panel receives the second output data to display according to the second output data.

Abstract: The present invention has a pixel which includes a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a first resistor, a second resistor, a first liquid crystal element, and a second liquid crystal element. A pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a signal line through the first switch. The pixel electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element through the second switch and the first resistor. The pixel electrode of the second liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a Cs line through the third switch and the second resistor. A common electrode of the first liquid crystal element is electrically connected to a common electrode of the second liquid crystal element.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a computing system may determine, determine an estimated distance of an eye of a user to a display plane of a display. The system may access correction maps corresponding to a number of reference distances to the display plane of the display. The system may select a first reference distance and a second reference distance based on the estimated distance. The system may generate a custom correction map for the user based on an interpolation of a first correction map corresponding to the first reference distance and a second correction map corresponding to the second reference distance. The system may adjust an image to be displayed on the display using the custom correction map. The custom correction map may correct non-uniformity of the display as viewed from the eye of the user. The system may display the image adjusted using the custom correction map on the display.

Abstract: A system for updating an image on a display device includes pixels in a pixel array. The system includes a display subsystem for executing commands and displaying images, the display subsystem also includes a parser for receiving image frame data, and extracting updated image data and commands. A storage device is used for storing the updated image data in an updated cache location according to the commands. A loader is used for reading the commands to identify and fetch the updated image data from the storage device. Display backplane circuitry is used for receiving the updated image data from the loader and for updating pixel driver circuity for pixels within the updated image data. The examples described are ideal for driving micro-displays such as LCoS micro-LED displays.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a display panel, a data driving circuit, a scan driving circuit, and a signal control circuit that receives input data. The signal control circuit includes a histogram check unit that divides data of one frame among the input data into a plurality of regions based on a gray scale and calculates a distribution of the data based on the plurality of regions, a gray check unit that calculates the number of major grayscales having data of a specific number or more among the input data, an optical waveform analysis unit that generates a signal calculated based on an optical waveform of the plurality of pixels, and a frequency selection unit that selects a driving frequency of the display panel based on the distribution of the data, the number of the major grayscales, and the signal.

Abstract: In an odd frame, a plurality of scanning lines are selected sequentially, and in one pixel circuit, when a scanning line corresponding to the one pixel circuit is selected, a first selector electrically couples one end of a first capacitance element to a data line, and a second selector electrically couples one end of a second capacitance element to the gate node of a transistor. In an even frame, the plurality of scanning lines are selected sequentially, and when the scanning line is selected, the first selector electrically couples one end of the second capacitance element to the data line, and the second selector electrically couples one end of the first capacitance element to the gate node.

Abstract: A system for detecting a light-emitting diode (LED) is provided. The system includes a first transparent substrate and multiple thin film transistors (TFT) disposed on the first transparent substrate and controlled separately, where the multiple TFTs are in one-to-one correspondence with LEDs to-be-detected in terms of location.

Abstract: The present disclosure proposes a pixel circuit, a control method thereof and a display panel. The pixel circuit includes a first light-emitting element, a pixel drive circuit connected with the first light-emitting element, a repair branch circuit connected with a node between the pixel drive circuit and the first light-emitting element, wherein the repair branch circuit includes a switch circuit and a second light-emitting element connected in series, and the switch circuit controls a connection or disconnection of the second light-emitting element with the pixel drive circuit; a control circuit connected with a control terminal of the switch circuit, a first data terminal and a first control terminal, the control circuit is configured to write a signal of the first data terminal to the control terminal of the switch circuit under a control of the first control terminal to control on or off of the switch circuit.

Abstract: A gate driver includes stages connected to clock signal lines to which clock signals are applied and a first gate power line to which a first gate power voltage is applied, and outputting the first gate power voltage as gate signals in response to the clock signals. The clock signals have a first frequency and the first gate power voltage has a first voltage level in a first period. The clock signals have a second frequency lower than the first frequency and the first gate power voltage has a second voltage level in a second period. One of the first and second voltage levels is a gate-on voltage level that turns on a transistor, and another of the first and second voltage levels is a gate-off voltage level that turns off the transistor.

Abstract: A display driving circuit includes a central area and a boundary area surrounding the central area. The display driving circuit includes a first crack detector circuit in the central area; and a first crack sensing line in the boundary area, wherein the first crack detector circuit is configured to detect a crack in the first crack sensing line in response to a first test command, and output a test result signal including information about a presence or an absence of a crack in the first crack sensing line.

Abstract: A method of driving a display panel, a driving circuit of a display panel, and a display panel are disclosed. The display panel includes a multiplexing unit and a plurality of pixels arranged in an array of M rows and N columns, the multiplexing unit includes a plurality of thin film transistors, and each thin film transistor includes a gate electrode applied with a multiplexing unit gate signal. The method includes: acquiring a plurality of data signals for driving i-th row of pixels, where 1?i?M; generating multiplexing unit gate signals for respective thin film transistors of the multiplexing unit based on the plurality of data signals; and applying the multiplexing unit gate signals to gate electrodes of the respective thin film transistors, so that the respective thin film transistors are turned on or turned off. The multiplexing unit gate signals change according to changes of the plurality of data signals.

Abstract: A display substrate, a preparation method thereof, a display panel, and a display device are provided. The display substrate includes a base substrate and a repeating unit, the repeating unit includes a plurality of sub-pixels including a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, a color of light emitted by a light-emitting element of the first sub-pixel is identical to a color of light emitted by a light-emitting element of the second sub-pixel, a shape of a first light-emitting voltage application electrode of the light-emitting element of the first sub-pixel is different from a shape of a first light-emitting voltage application electrode of the light-emitting element of the second sub-pixel.

Abstract: Using the same image sensor to capture a two-dimensional (2D) image and three-dimensional (3D) depth measurements for a 3D object. A laser point-scans the surface of the object with light spots, which are detected by a pixel array in the image sensor to generate the 3D depth profile of the object using triangulation. Each row of pixels in the pixel array forms an epipolar line of the corresponding laser scan line. Timestamping provides a correspondence between the pixel location of a captured light spot and the respective scan angle of the laser to remove any ambiguity in triangulation. An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in the image sensor operates as a Time-to-Digital (TDC) converter to generate timestamps. A timestamp calibration circuit is provided on-board to record the propagation delay of each column of pixels in the pixel array and to provide necessary corrections to the timestamp values generated during 3D depth measurements.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device comprises a display panel including a plurality of signal pads and one or more dummy pads, and at least one flexible wiring board providing signals to the signal pads, wherein a maximum bias period of signals provided to a pair of adjacent signal pads with at least one dummy pad interposed therebetween is longer than a maximum bias period of signals provided to a pair of adjacent signal pads with no dummy pad disposed therebetween.

Abstract: An image display device includes a plurality of pixels each of which includes a plurality of first subpixels and a second subpixel. The plurality of first subpixels is configured to emit red light, green light, and blue light. The second subpixel is configured to emit blue light. The plurality of pixels includes at least one pixel in which the plurality of first subpixels includes a defective subpixel which is supposed to emit predetermined light with a predetermined color. The second subpixel includes a light-emitting element and a wavelength conversion layer provided over the light-emitting element to convert emission light emitted from the light-emitting element to converted light with the predetermined color if the predetermined color is red or green.

Abstract: A display device and a method of driving the same are provided. The method of driving the display includes a display area to display an image. The method includes performing a first first pixel shift driving by shifting an image by a first range in the display area without loss of image information due to enlargement or reduction of the image, checking whether a change of a block grayscale value is greater than or equal to a threshold in an interest area in the display area, and performing second pixel shift driving by shifting an image having the loss of image information.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a substrate, a feeding line and an electrode. The feeding line is disposed on the substrate for transmitting a signal. The electrode is disposed on the substrate for receiving the signal. In addition, an end portion of the feeding line is disposed opposite to an end portion of the electrode.

Abstract: The pixel circuit of the present disclosure includes: a light emitting module configured to emit light; a driving module configured to drive the light emitting module to emit light according to a driving voltage during a light emitting stage; a storage module configured to maintain and provide the driving voltage to the driving module during the light emitting stage; a first transistor, a first electrode of the first transistor being connected to a position where the driving module receives the driving voltage, and a second electrode of the first transistor being not directly connected to a signal source; a second transistor, a first electrode of the second transistor being connected to the first electrode of the first transistor, wherein a structure to which a second electrode of the second transistor is connected is different from a structure to which the second electrode of the first transistor is connected.

Abstract: Disclosed are an information display method, a terminal device, and a readable storage medium. The information display method includes: obtaining an information type of each of a plurality of to-be-displayed information; in response to the information type comprising a target information type, obtaining a first refresh frequency of a target to-be-displayed information corresponding to the target information type, and determining a first display frequency of a display screen according to the first refresh frequency; and displaying the plurality of to-be-displayed information according to the first display frequency.

Abstract: Provided is a display driving circuit including a plurality of source channels configured to provide data voltages to a plurality of data lines of a display panel, respectively; a dummy channel on one side of at least one of the source channels; and control logic configured to control operations of the source channels and the dummy channel, wherein, when failure of a first source channel from among the source channels is determined, the control logic is further configured to provide data voltages to data lines corresponding to the first source channel and second source channels, respectively, which are between the first source channel and the dummy channel, by using the second source channels and the dummy channel.

Abstract: A timing controller according to one aspect of the present disclosure that is capable of operating in a low-power mode for a touch sensor driving period includes a receiver which receives a timing synchronization signal and video image data from an external source, a data processor which generates a gate control signal and a data control signal on the basis of the timing synchronization signal and arranges the video image data as pixel data for a display panel, and a transmitter which operates in a normal mode to output the pixel data, the gate control signal, and the data control signal for a display driving period and operates in a low-power mode for at least some time of a touch sensor driving period.

Abstract: A tiling display device includes a first display panel and a second display panel that is spaced apart from the first display panel by a horizontal tiling interval. The first display panel includes first to (n)-th pixel columns, and the second display panel includes first to (m)-th pixel columns. A first distance between the (n)-th pixel column of the first display panel and the first pixel column of the second display panel is less than a second distance between a (n?1)-th pixel column of the first display panel and the (n)-th pixel column of the first display panel.

Abstract: A light control panel including an image display region including a region corresponding to an image display region in a display panel and a region corresponding to a peripheral circuit region in the display panel is provided between the display panel and a backlight. A pattern image for controlling radiation of light emitted from the backlight to the display panel is displayed in the image display region in the light control panel according to an action state of the peripheral circuit in the display panel.

Abstract: A backlight module and a driving method thereof are provided. The driving method includes following steps: first obtaining backlight data with N bits of data corresponding to each backlight unit in a current frame; then dividing time required by each backlight unit in the current frame to obtain N subfields with different durations; and finally outputting the N subfields of each backlight unit in a preset order, and controlling a scan line corresponding to the backlight unit to perform at least two scans in a first subfield, and a time interval between adjacent scans is less than a second threshold.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a display device which includes a substrate, pixels, a first insulating layer disposed on the substrate and including a recess, a first conductive layer disposed on the first insulating layer, a second conductive layer disposed between the first conductive layer and the substrate and electrically connected to the first conductive layer, a trace layer disposed between the first and second conductive layers and electrically connected to the first conductive layer, and a buffer layer disposed between the second conductive layer and the trace layer. The substrate includes a bent portion and a main portion and the pixels are disposed on the main portion. The first conductive layer is electrically connected to at least one of the pixels, and the first conductive layer includes a first portion disposed in the recess, and a second portion disposed out of the recess.

Abstract: A method and a system of real-time variable refresh rate video processing for ambient light rendering, comprise: capturing a HDMI video signal and converting the HDMI video signal into a RGB signal; obtaining frame rates X1, X2, and X3 of a current video source by detecting a field frequency signal V-SYNC; setting a constant frame rate or a variable frame rate by user; setting the constant frame rate by the user and the constant frame rate is set as N, obtaining the constant frame rate N set by the user, outputting a color rendering data of the fixed frequency in real time through data processing; setting the variable frame rate by the user and the variable frame rate is set as M, obtaining the variable frame rate M set by the user, and outputting a color rendering data of a variable frequency in real time through the data processing.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel, a display driver integrated circuit and a driving control circuit. The display panel includes a plurality of pixels connected to a plurality of driving lines and a plurality of source lines. The display driver integrated circuit includes a driving control signal generator. The driving control signal generator generates a driving control signal based on display device information and pixel values corresponding to at least a portion of the plurality of rows among a plurality of previous pixel values of a previous frame and a plurality of present pixel values of a present frame. The driving control circuit selectively connects the display driver integrated circuit with each of the plurality of driving lines based on the driving control signal such that first driving signals provided to first driving lines among the plurality of driving lines are blocked.

Abstract: A display driving module, a display driving method, and a display device are provided. The display driving module includes a clock signal line, a clock signal generating circuit and a gate driving circuit, where the gate driving circuit includes multiple stages of gate driving units; the clock signal generating circuit is electrically connected to the clock signal line and is configured to generate at least two clock signals and provide different clock signals to the clock signal line in a time-sharing manner; the gate driving unit is electrically connected to the clock signal line and configured to generate a gate driving signal according to the clock signals on the clock signal line; when potentials of the clock signals are valid voltages, the potentials of different clock signals are different.

Abstract: A display apparatus according to the present disclosure includes: a pixel array unit, pixels being arranged in the pixel unit, the pixels each including a driving transistor that includes a plurality of gate electrodes and drives a light emitting unit in response to a video signal applied to one gate electrode of the plurality of gate electrodes; and a control unit that controls gate voltage of a different gate electrode of the driving transistor. Further, an electronic apparatus according to the present disclosure includes the display apparatus having the above-mentioned configuration.

Abstract: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium for a heating, ventilation, and/or air conditioning (HVAC) system includes instructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to receive an input indicative of a user location, perform a verification that the user location is within a determined distance from the HVAC system, and control access to system settings of the HVAC system based on the verification.

Abstract: A cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) composite display device includes a light absorbing substrate, a first and second transparent substrates, a light supplement module arranged between the light absorbing substrate and the first transparent substrate, a control module, a first and second electrode layers respectively formed on the first and second transparent substrates, a first cholesteric LC layer sandwiched between the first and second electrode layers, and a first light absorbing layer disposed on the second transparent substrate. The projection of the first light absorbing layer on the horizontal plane and the projection of the light supplement module on the horizontal plane are arranged in a misaligned manner. The control module is provided for controlling the light supplement module according to the brightness signal. Thereby, when the external brightness is low, the light supplement module enhances the displaying brightness of the cholesteric LC composite display device to meet the usage requirements.

Abstract: A pixel includes a light emitting element, a driving switching element and a first compensation switching element and a second compensation switching element. The driving switching element is which applies a driving current to the light emitting element. The first compensation switching element and the second compensation switching element are connected between a control electrode of the driving switching element and an output electrode of the driving switching element. The first compensation switching element and the second compensation switching element are connected to each other in series. The driving switching element is a P-type transistor. The first compensation switching element is an N-type transistor. The second compensation switching element is a P-type transistor.

Abstract: A display driving circuit is provided. The display driving circuit includes a source driver, a temperature detecting circuit, and a timing control circuit, wherein the temperature detecting circuit is connected to the timing control circuit, and is configured to detect a temperature of the source driver; and the timing control circuit is further connected to the source driver, and is configured to output a source signal to the source driver based on the temperature of the source driver; wherein a magnitude of a voltage of the source signal is negatively related to the temperature of the source driver.

Abstract: Provided are transaction cards including an expanded identification ship. In some approaches, a transaction card may include a body having a first main side opposite a second main side, wherein the body defines an outer perimeter including a first end perimeter opposite a second end perimeter, and a first side perimeter opposite a second side perimeter. The transaction card may further include an identification chip having a plurality of contacts, wherein a first contact of the plurality of contacts extends to at least one of the following: the first end perimeter, the second end perimeter, the first side perimeter, and the second side perimeter.