Abstract: To provide an electro-optic device whose luminescent characteristic are enhanced for each type of RGB organic EL layers by forming an electron injection layer and a cathode uniformly with respect to a substrate, and to provide a method to manufacture the electro-optic device and an electronic apparatus using the electro-optic device, an electro-optic device includes plural types of luminescent layers emitting different luminescent colors of light and an electron injection layer between electrodes and opposing each other. The electron injection layer is formed of a plurality of metal compounds.

Abstract: A driving circuit of a display to display full color by light emitting elements is provided which can attain sufficient display characteristics even when there is a difference in characteristics of the light emitting elements and can lower power consumption. The driving circuit is used for a stripe type display in which electrical characteristics of a red light emitting organic EL (Electroluninescence) element differ greatly from those of green and blue light emitting organic EL elements in which these three light emitting elements are arranged repeatedly in a column direction in a manner that the red light emitting element is sandwiched by the green and blue light emitting elements and the driving circuit is made up of driving sections each having driving capability enough to drive the red light emitting organic EL element and other driving sections each having driving capability enough to drive the green and blue light organic EL elements.

Abstract: In a drive unit for a luminescence display panel employing organic EL elements as light-emitting elements and capable of reducing power consumed by the display panel when a partial scan mode is selected, when the partial scan mode is selected by a scan mode switching mean, a control is performed so that the ratio of a drive period (D3), during which the light emission of the light-emitting elements is controlled, to a reset period (R1) set by a reset control means is increased as compared with a case in which the ordinary scan mode is selected. Thus, the momentary luminance of the light-emitting elements can be lowered by further reducing drive currents or drive voltages supplied to the respective light-emitting elements. Accordingly, it is possible to further reduce the power consumption of the luminescence display panel as well as to prevent the deterioration of the light-emitting elements, which contributes to extend the life of the light-emitting elements.

Abstract: A container for a beverage or other foods or household goods includes a wall with a display generating digital images). A controller is also provided associated with a memory, said memory storing digital imaging data. The controller selectively retrieves the data from the memory and generates electrical signals to the display. Data may also be transmitted from or received by the container through an external interface controlled by the controller. Switches, sensors and other selector elements may be provided to activate the display and to select the images to be shown. Additionally, miniature speakers may also be provided which cooperate with the display to show multimedia presentations.

Abstract: In an electroluminescence light arrangement comprising a carrier substrate (1) of an electrically insulating material on which there is an electrically conductive layer from which there are formed at least two conductor track regions which are electrically insulated from each other and which form a first electrode (3) and a second electrode (5) and are covered over by a pigment layer (14) whose doped pigments light when an ac voltage is applied to the two electrodes, to increase the light brightness it is provided that at least in a portion of its surface the pigment layer (14) is covered over by a thin transparent electrically conductive cover layer (16) to which in operation no additional voltage is applied from the exterior.

Abstract: There is provided behind an optical modulation panel (101) which is not provided with a color filter a planar light source which is provided with EL elements (100R, 100G and 100B) with a built-in optical resonator structure adapted to emit light in red, green and blue and which are periodically arranged on a single glass substrate (103). Lights of different colors obtained by lighting the EL elements (100R, 100G and 100B) are modulated by an optical modulation panel (101) to obtain a color image.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device using a COF operating with a low driving voltage. The present invention includes a display panel, a COF having a connection part on which the display channel is placed and a chip part on which a chip is placed, data lines connected to the COF in a direction toward the chip, the data lines forming curves starting from the display panel, scan lines straightly connected to the COF, the scan lines starting from the panel in the direction toward the chip, scan line connection lines on the connection part, the scan line connection lines connecting the scan lines electrically to the COF, and data line connection lines on the connection part, the data line connection lines connecting the data lines electrically to the COF.

Abstract: A current driving circuit includes a first terminal electrically connected to a voltage source, a second terminal grounded, a signal line through which a signal current runs, a first switch, a second switch electrically connected to the signal line and further electrically connected in series to the first switch, a third switch electrically connected to the first terminal, a memory stage converting the signal current into a voltage and stores the voltage therein, a driving transistor, a load electrically connected between a source of the driving transistor and the second terminal, and a selection line electrically connected to the first to third switches. The signal line is electrically connected to a gate of the driving transistor through the first and second switches. The memory stage is electrically connected between a gate of the driving transistor and the second terminal. The first switch is electrically connected between a drain and a gate of the driving transistor.

Abstract: Side faces of anodes have a tapered incline that becomes broader toward a lower layer. Thus, an emissive element layer is smoothly formed on the anodes making it possible to prevent field contraction of the electric field. An EL display apparatus having long life and high yield is provided by preventing the emissive element layer from rupturing between an anode and a cathode and by preventing concentration of the electric field at an upper edge of the anode facing the cathode and localized deterioration in the emissive element layer.

Abstract: An image input/output device 100 includes an image information detection section 130 for detecting image information of an image information object 200 by receiving reflected light L from the image information object 200, and a self-luminous image display section 120 for displaying an image based on the image information detected by the image information detection section 130. The image information detection section 130 and the self-luminous image display section 120 are attached together in a back-to-back arrangement. The self-luminous image display section 120 functions as an image-information-detecting light source for irradiating the image information object 200 with light L through the image information detection section 130.

Abstract: There is provided an active matrix EL display device that can display a clear multi gray-scale color display to reduce the shift in the potential caused by the potential drop due to the wiring resistance of a power source supply line, in order to decrease the unevenness in a display region. A plurality of drawing out ports of the power source supply line are arranged. Further, in the wiring resistance between the external input terminal and the pixel portion power source supply line, potential compensation is performed by supplying potential to the power source supply line by a feedback amplifier. Further, in addition to above structure, the power source supply line may be arranged in a matrix.

Abstract: In an active matrix type EL device, a semiconductor layer (intersection protective film F1, F2, F3, F4) is inserted between lines at an intersection of a gate line GL and a data line DL; an intersection of the gate line GL and a power source line VL; an intersection of a storage capacitor line CL and the data line DL; and an intersection of the storage capacitor line CL and the power source line VL for inter-line insulation. No impurities are doped in the regions corresponding to these intersections CR1˜CR4, to thereby maintain high resistance. The intersection protective films are integrally formed for the intersections CR1 and CR2 and for the intersections CR3 and CR4 and extend over the respective two intersections. With the above-described structure, it is possible to prevent short circuit or deterioration of voltage withstanding characteristics at the intersections on the panel where lines intersect, without a drastic increase in the number of processes.

Abstract: Display device designed to prevent surroundings from being adversely affected by noise includes an inner circuit board on which a support frame is mounted in a specific position. A liquid crystal panel is mounted on the support frame and held stationary by a frame. An EL panel for illuminating the liquid crystal panel is mounted behind the liquid crystal panel. An EL circuit board holding an EL driver circuit thereon is bonded to the bottom surface of the EL panel. A shielding plate is mounted on a top surface of the inner circuit board surrounded by the support frame, and is located opposite the EL panel. The shielding plate cuts off noise generated by the EL driver circuit. The EL panel is connected with electrodes on the EL circuit board via lead wires. An electrode on the EL circuit board and an electrode on the circuit board are connected via a contact member. Electric power and control signals are supplied via this contact member.

Abstract: An emissive display using an organic electroluminescent device is provided, in which the pixel circuit is simplified, the aperture ratio is increased, high resolution is achieved, and the power consumption is reduced. In the configuration, among the two sets of inverter circuits, one set of inverter circuit is formed by a circuit connecting an organic electoluminescent device and a transistor in series, and a transistor of a memory circuit is omitted. Also, in the mutual connection of the two sets of inverters, display data is inputted to a line connected to the gate of the transistor connected in series with the organic electoluminescent device, and owing to this connection, the write load is reduced, and the high resolution is achieved by enabling to write at high speed.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide an image display device capable of radiating over an image formed into a character with a uniform luminosity as a luminescent surface made according to the dot matrix system without increasing the number of components. To this end, the display device includes the first luminescent section having a prescribed area and the second luminescent section constituting a display with an area larger than that of the first luminescent section, wherein the first and the second luminescent sections include luminescent bodies radiating as electrons move and a pair of electrodes sandwiching these luminescent bodies, at least one of these electrodes determines the luminescent area thereof, and the second luminescent section is constituted by a plurality of divided electrodes.

Abstract: A display device includes (a) a plurality of pixels arranged in a matrix, each of the pixels including a light-emitting device, a switch and a transistor, (b) a scanning line extending in a first direction, (c) a data line extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, (d) a first bias voltage line extending in the second direction, (e) a bias voltage generating circuit which applies a bias voltage to the bias voltage line, (f) a second bias voltage line which surrounds the pixels and is a closed line, and (g) a third bias voltage line which electrically connects the bias voltage generating circuit to the second bias voltage line. The first bias voltage line is electrically connected at opposite ends thereof to the second bias voltage line. The switch is turned on when the scanning line is activated, to thereby allow image signals to be transmitted to the gate of the transistor therethrough from the data line.

Abstract: The invention provides a display system for displaying images and an electronic device equipped with the display system. The display system can include a first electrode region in which first electrodes connected to switching elements are arranged on a substrate in a matrix, and light-emitting power-supply lines that are arranged around the first electrode region and are connected to the first electrodes. Functinal layers are formed over the first electrodes, and a second electrode is formed at least over the functional layers. Each light-emitting power-supply line and the second electrode have a first capacitor therebetween.

Abstract: An optically addressed photo luminescent display having a printed bar code pixel identifier on an internal side for providing feedback of scanning beam to pixel registration.

Abstract: An inverter for driving an EL lamp is tapped to provide voltage or current for driving one or more EL lamps and an LCD. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, one side of the pump inductor is tapped for a voltage that drives the LCD.

Abstract: A number of capacitive pixels formed in an electroluminescent display panel are selectively charged and discharged by the driving device. The driving device is composed of a charging circuit connected between a power source and the pixels and a discharging circuit connected between the pixels and the ground. Both the charging and discharging circuits include a respective inductive coil that constitutes a series L-C circuit together with the capacitive pixel. Since the pixels are charged and discharged through the series L-C circuit, impulse current otherwise flows in and out of the pixels is suppressed, and thereby radio noises generated by the impulse current are prevented.

Abstract: A display device that includes video chips. Each video chip is modular and is engageable with adjacent video chips, a plurality of pins that electrically communicate with the set of pins of adjacent video chips, and pixels that electrically communicate with the plurality of pins thereof. Each pixel is engageable with adjacent pixels, a red LED for selective illumination, a green LED for selective illumination, and a blue LED for selective illumination. The video chips are placed in an array of columns and rows which are activated by vertical scanning and horizontal scanning. The rows are supplied with a positive voltage to prevent conduction. The vertical scanning activates each row by reducing back voltage to zero. The horizontal scanning activates each column at three different levels for activating at least one of the red LED, the green LED, and the blue LED.

Abstract: A reduction in deterioration of a switching element over time in a current driving type emissive apparatus is realized. At the same time, a reduction in power consumption is realized. To this end, an AC voltage or an alternating current is applied between a source and a drain terminal of a switching element, and a DC voltage or a direct current is applied between a first and a second terminal of a luminescent element. This is realized by application of a voltage, which is inverted at predetermined intervals, to two luminescent elements heterogeneously arranged, to a luminescent element and a rectifier arranged in reverse orientation and in parallel, or to a full-wave rectification circuit. At this time, the rectifier is formed by a thin-film transistor, a PN junction, or a PIN junction, and is formed simultaneously with an existing switching element.

Abstract: An active driving circuit for a display panel includes first to fourth transistors, a capacitor, a constant current source, and a capacitor. The first transistor is connected with a positive power source. The second transistor has a common gate terminal together with the first transistor and a mirror circuit against the first transistor. Also, the second transistor is turned on by a common gate signal applied to the common gate terminal to supply the positive power source to a display device. The third transistor sets a saturated threshold voltage for the common gate terminal by allowing the first transistor and the second transistor to constitute a mirror circuit against each other in accordance with a scan line signal. The constant current source supplies a current with a ground one side and controlled by a gray signal of a data line. The fourth transistor sets the common gate voltage corresponding to the controlled current of the constant current source by the scan line signal.

Abstract: An organic light emitting device display may be compensated for color variations between sub-pixels of the same expressed color. This may be done initially upon manufacture of the display and may be continued and updated in the course of the display's lifetime to compensate for differential effects of aging on different expressed sub-pixels. In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, the display may be driven to achieve a color gamut that substantially all of the pixels are capable of achieving.

Abstract: A display apparatus conducting time-division gradation display is provided with: a capacitor for keeping a signal level captured by a first TFT; at least one pixel memory, which is related to the capacitor, for keeping the signal level captured by the first TFT; a second TFT matched with the corresponding at least one pixel memory; and a bit selecting line for selective-driving the second TFT, wherein, when a scanning signal line is selected, a display signal level is set in the capacitor via the first TFT and the second TFT is selectively driven so that the display signal level is set in the at least one pixel memory, whereas the TFT is selectively driven so that a display signal level which has been displayed is switched to the display signal level supplied from the at least one pixel memory. On this account, it is possible to precisely match the display period of each bit with the weight of each bit by a simple controlling method in which the scanning is carried out line by line.

Abstract: A system and method for using a relief object image generator for cursor control, computer access control, and operational parameter control is disclosed. The system includes a relief object image generator, a sensor array, an image processor, and a memory. The relief object image generator generates images of relief objects, such as fingerprints, brought in proximity of the exposed surface of the image generator. The image processor receives the image from the sensor array, processes the image, and compares the resulting descriptive information to stored information corresponding to authorized users. If a match is found, the user is granted access to the computer. The image processor may also process the image to determine image movement or the image's presence or absence. Detected movement is used to generate directional signals while the presence and abserice of the image is used to generate highlight and select signals.

Abstract: A transistor Q11 for supplying driving currents Ia to In to EL display elements 11a to 11n is provided in a stabilization voltage supply circuit 33. The transistor Q11 is connected to a current sensing resistor Ras for detecting a collector current of the transistor Q11. When a total current Ix for driving the EL display elements rises to a certain abnormal level, a bias suppressing element Qa is turned on to thereby reduce a base-emitter bias of the transistor 11.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent display device having a plurality of display elements (12) each of which comprises a portion of a common organic electroluminescent (EL) layer (20) and first and second electrodes (18,22) on opposing sides of the EL layer, an electrical conductor (30) held at a predetermined potential is provided extending between the first electrodes (18) of adjacent display elements and in contact with the EL layer for sinking electrical current tending to flow laterally in the EL layer between the adjacent display elements. In an active matrix array device, the electrical conductors may be provided in the form of a grid extending around each display element pad electrode (18). In a passive matrix array device the electrical conductors may comprise conductor lines (50) extending between the address conductors (40) of one set.

Abstract: In an organic electroluminescence (EL) device including a display section having one or more light emitting units and a monitoring section positioned outside the display section and having one or more monitoring cells, each of the light emitting units and the monitoring cells has a cathode, an anode and at least one organic EL layer positioned between the cathode and the anode. In the organic EL device, either cathodes or anodes of the light emitting units and the monitoring cells is transparent and a current passing through an anode and a cathode of a monitoring cell is monitored to control the light emitting units.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes a pair of transparent substrates disposed with a prescribed gap therebetween and each having thereon a transparent electrode, and a liquid crystal layer and a photoconductor layer disposed between the substrates, with the transparent electrode on one substrate being split into a plurality of split electrodes. A display apparatus is formed by disposing a recording medium carrying a recorded picture at different sizes between the spatial light modulator and a writing light source. Depending on the picture size to be displayed on the spatial light modulator, a number among the plurality of split electrodes are selected for writing voltage application under illumination with writing light based on picture size data recorded in the recording medium, whereby a selected size of picture is written in the spatial light modulator and displayed thereon under illumination with reading light.

Abstract: An image-forming device having, in an envelope, an electron-emitting element, an image-forming member for forming an image by irradiation of an electron beam emitted from the electron-emitting element, and an electroconductive supporting member for supporting the envelope (internally), comprises a means for controlling the potential of the supporting member to be not higher than the maximum potential applied to the electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element and the image-forming member can be placed in juxtaposition on the same substrate, an electroconductive substrate can be additionally provided in opposition to the face of the substrate, and the supporting member can be connected electrically to one of said electrodes and also to the electroconductive substrate.

Abstract: In an electroluminescent (EL) display device having a plurality of organic EL elements, variations in luminance among the EL elements are equalized. EL elements to be driven for a required image display are periodically applied with drive voltages and a recovery voltage, while the other EL elements are periodically applied with a dummy voltage. The period, the repetition period, and the amplitude of the dummy voltage are set not to illuminate the other EL elements, while promoting degradation of the other EL elements to some extent. Alternatively, the drive voltage applied to drive the EL elements for the required image display may be modified in accordance with the degree of degradation thereof.

Abstract: To provide an organic electro-luminescence device which can be used as a cover glass of a wristwatch or the like in virtue of the transparency, produce a plurality of colors, illuminate and display at the same time, and be formed by an easy method. A transparent organic EL device 108Y for emitting yellow light is formed on a first surface 102 of a substrate 101 by being patterned so as to display characters. A transparent organic EL device 108B for emitting blue light is formed on a second surface 103 by being patterned so as to generate light at the overall surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A novel organic light-emitting pixel structure provides improved contrast pixels suitable for use in high-contrast passive- and active-matrix displays. A dark, low-reflectance film is placed on a reflective or transparent substrate, which acts to absorb and/or trap ambient light impinging on the pixel and improving its contrast between on and off states. Optical scattering is reduced by fabricating a vertical wall around each pixel which effectively blocks out light emitted from adjacent pixels, and prevents the scattering of the pixel's own emitted light. Light is emitted through a transparent upper electrode, which allows the substrate to be non-transparent. An active-matrix display is thus built on a single silicon substrate, with the crystalline silicon transistors needed to drive the active-matrix fabricated alongside their respective pixels, and with the walls surrounding the pixels formed from the drive circuitry itself.

Abstract: A display device has current-addressed pixels, with the currents being supplied by driver circuitry which comprises a transistor (10) for applying a charging voltage to a switched capacitor arrangement (Ci, S1, S2) arranged to selectively charge and discharge the capacitor (Ci) at a predetermined rate to a charging voltage. A transistor control voltage (Vref) is applied to a control terminal of the transistor which is adjusted depending on the transistor threshold voltage to ensure that the capacitor (Ci) is charged to the charging voltage irrespectively of the value of the threshold voltage. This enables an accurately controllable current to be provided which is used to drive the current-addressed pixels.

Abstract: There is provided a self-luminous display element driving device which prevents the luminance of a self-luminous display element from changing with the elapse of time and reduces the cost. In the device for constant-voltage driving the self-luminous display element by continuously making on and off states of application of a constant voltage to the self-luminous display element, the self-luminous display element driving device includes a circuit for generating deterioration information concerning a deterioration state of the self-luminous display element, and a circuit for adjusting a time width in which the constant voltage is applied to the self-luminous display element or a time width in which the constant voltage is not applied, on the basis of the deterioration information generated by the deterioration information generating circuit. The self-luminous display element may be, for example, an EL (electroluminescence) element or an organic EL element.

Abstract: A display system in which the luminance of light-emitting elements in a light-emitting device is adjusted based on information on an environment. A sensor obtains information on an environment as an electrical signal. A CPU converts, based on comparison data set in advance, the information signal into a correction signal for correcting the luminance of EL elements. Upon receiving this correction signal, a voltage changer applies a predetermined corrected potential to the EL elements. Thus, this display system enables control of the luminance of the EL elements.

Abstract: Discrete anodes (7) and discrete emissive layers (15) are formed for respective pixels, while a hole-transport layer (14), an electron-transport layer (16), and a cathode (17) are formed to extend over a plurality of pixels. Accordingly, a process of etching-back the hole-transport layer (14) and the electron-transport layer (16) is eliminated. Also, since partitions (68) as conventionally provided are not necessary, the process of forming the partitions can also be eliminated. The anode (7) and the cathode (17) are separated by the hole-transport layer (14) and the electron-transport layer (16), and are therefore not subject to shorting, even though no partition (68) is employed. Further, since the emissive layer (15) is larger than the anode (7), a leak current generated at the ends of the anode and field concentration can be prevented.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display which can be bound into a publication which comprises multiple sheets. In one embodiment is an electroluminescent display comprising a rear substrate, a front substrate, an electroluminescent lamp assembly positioned between the rear substrate and the front substrate, a margin portion which defines at least one edge of the display and has a width necessary for permitting the display to be bound in a publication, a power source positioned between the rear substrate and the front substrate and one or more conductive traces which are disposed proximate to the perimeter of the rear substrate and which connect the power source with the electroluminescent lamp assembly. The electroluminescent lamp can comprise more than one independently addressable picture elements and the display can also include a controller for the electroluminescent lamp assembly.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for identifying targets as a friend or foe, which is operated in the millimeter-wavelength range by means of an interrogator and a transponder, with the interrogator and the transponder having essentially the same electronic assemblies and operating in essentially the same middle transmitting and receiving frequency, and with a large frequency difference between the two being tolerable. The interrogator operates with a directional transmitting/receiving antenna, whereas the transponder possesses an omnidirectional transmitting/receiving antenna.

Abstract: Disclosed is a practicable, image display device comprising a color-changing array 2 of a plurality of light-shielding layers 21 and a plurality of color-changing layers 22, of which at least one is a fluorescent layer, as disposed in series on a light-transmissive substrate 1 with being laterally spaced, and an array of a plurality of light-emitting layers 3 as laterally spaced to be in the position corresponding to each color-changing layer 22 in such a manner that the color-changing layers 22 receive emitted light from the light-emitting layers 3 to change it into different colors. The device is characterized in that the surface of the color-changing array 2 that faces the array of light-emitting layers 3 is planarized to thereby reduce its surface roughness to 2.0 .mu.m or lower. The images formed by the device have high visibility with little color mixing and color spread. The producibility of the device is high.

Abstract: Selection transistors and drive transistors are formed in individual pixel areas on a substrate. Cathode electrodes which reflect visible light are formed above the selection transistors and the drive transistors so as to cover the pixel areas, with flat insulation films between the cathode electrodes and the selection and drive transistors. An organic EL layer and an anode electrode are sequentially formed on the cathode electrodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electroluminescence device having at least one light-emitting layer which comprises conjugated, stiff-chain polymers which are soluble in organic solvents, wherein the emitted electroluminescence is polarized and the intensity of the light which is polarized parallel to the longitudinal axis of the substrate is at least three times the intensity polarized perpendicular thereto.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent (EL) device includes at least one luminescent layer having an organic compound doped with a metal capable of acting as a donor dopant, in adjacent to a cathode electrode. The EL device ensures a diminished energy barrier in an electron injection from the cathode electrode into the luminescent layer, i.e., metal-doped organic compound layer, and thus a lowered driving voltage. The lowered driving voltage can be obtained regardless of the work function of the cathode material.

Abstract: There is provided a driving circuit for an EL element which extends the life of the EL element and has improved driving efficiency. A capacitor 11 is parallel-connected to a series circuit 3 formed by an EL element 1 and an inductor 2 to cause harmonic components and a driving frequency lower than the same to pass through the capacitor 11 and the EL element 1, respectively, to extend the life of the EL element and to improve driving efficiency.

Abstract: An array of OEDs is arranged in rows and columns with a plurality of row buses and a plurality of column buses. Each of the OEDs has a first terminal coupled to an associated row bus and a second terminal coupled to an associated column bus. A switching circuit is connected to a shadow canceling row bus of the plurality of row buses. The switching circuit is constructed to receive a shadow canceling signal on a terminal thereof and to connect the shadow canceling row bus to a pull down potential in response to the shadow canceling signal, whereby all of the OEDs in the array, other than those associated with the shadow canceling row bus, are coupled to the pull down potential and discharged.

Abstract: The present invention teaches a flat panel display system for illuminating an icon having a shape. The system comprises a first set of illuminators for illuminating the icon with a first color light beam in response to a first signal. The first set comprises a first and second pair of electrodes. Each pair of the first set comprising a top electrode and a bottom electrode, wherein the top and bottom electrodes of the first pair overlapping to form a first overlap region. Moreover, the top and bottom electrodes of the second pair overlapping to form a second overlap region, wherein the first and second overlap regions outline the shape of the icon. Further, a second set of illuminators is incorporated for illuminating the icon with a second color light beam in response to a second signal, such that the second set comprises a third and fourth pair of electrodes.

Abstract: A power system for a display, particularly an electroluminescent display, includes a temperature sensor for sensing the temperature of the glass panel. A first power supply circuit supplies a first power output having a first average power and first peak power. A second power circuit generating a second power output having second average power greater than the first average power and a second peak power less than the first peak power.

Abstract: The voltage to be applied to fixed display segments are made to be substantially the same to prevent irregular luminance distribution so as to improve display quality. In consideration of allowable voltage drop occurring attributable to the levels of electric currents which flow in electric lines of fixed display segments, the same voltage is applied to the fixed display segments by determining the resistance values by changing the pattern shapes (the lengths, the widths, the thicknesses and the line) of electric lines of the fixed display segments. If the fixed display segments have the same display area, the widths of the electric lines of the fixed display segments are determined to correspond to the ratios of lengths of electric lines of the fixed display segments in order to cause the fixed display segments to be applied with the same voltage.

Abstract: A small hand-held electronic apparatus with a field effect light emitting device wherein the life of an EL panel is expanded; light emitting efficiency is improved; the circuit is made compact; and the number of parts is reduced. When a control signal from a charge/discharge frequency control means becomes a low level, a first step-up selection SW is turned on and a first discharge means is turned off. At this time, a step-up device and a first step-up means are connected, and the first step-up means starts a step-up operation in response to a step-up clock signal. A reverse induction voltage generated by the step-up operation is rectified by a first rectifier means and is input to a light emitting device. The light emitting device charges and accumulates reverse induction voltage input at each clock of the step-up clock and emits light to provide an illuminating function.