Abstract: A method for color conversion includes calculating distances between color coordinates in a conversion palette and a color coordinate for a pixel and assigning the pixel a color coordinate of the closest color coordinates in the conversion palette. The color coordinates in the conversion palette include a first point and a second point in an RGB color cube on a neutral axis of said RGB color cube and on opposite surfaces of a first sphere, a third point and a fourth point on the neutral axis and on opposite surfaces of a second sphere and on the neutral axis, and a plurality of other points distributed over a surface of the first sphere and around the neutral axis, where a volume of the second sphere is twice the volume of the first sphere, and a center of the first and second spheres is a center of the RGB color cube.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method to convert a pixel tuple in a red, green, blue (RGB) color space having R, G, and B color values into a human recognizable color name corresponding to a range of numerical values of a linear color palette scale based on application of the RGB color values to a predetermined set of hierarchical rules. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The current invention involves new systems and methods for increasing texture filtering performance by reorganizing a texture sampling order used to read and filter texels when anisotropic filtering is used. Texel read performance is improved for anisotropic filtering by reorganizing texel reads when a texel cache is used. The texel reads are paired based on a major axis alignment in pixel space. The paired texel reads for a pixel footprint may also be ordered to improve texel coherency, thereby improving a texture cache hit rate.

Abstract: An antialiasing method includes: providing a first fragment; computing a first coverage area representing a portion of the first fragment covered by a first primitive; providing a second fragment juxtaposed to the first fragment and at least partially covered by a second primitive; processing the first coverage area to obtain a corrected coverage area indicative of a visible first fragment portion resulting from the juxtaposition of the fragments; and applying an antialiasing procedure based on the corrected coverage area.

Abstract: In a method of mapping data from a source space to a target space, a space transformation look-up table (LUT) that contains a plurality of locations storing information is maintained, wherein each of the plurality of locations includes information specifying a function to be evaluated. First data defined according to a multi-dimensional source space is input, and second data defined according to a multi-dimensional target space is generated, by applying information contained in the LUT to the first data.

Abstract: One embodiment of the present invention sets forth a technique to setup efficient bump mapping using a geometry shader. This approach uses a vertex shader, a primitive assembly unit, and a geometry shader. The vertex shader performs vertex operations, such as calculating a per-vertex normal vector, and emits vertex data. The primitive assembly unit processes the vertex data and constructs primitives. Each primitive includes a series of one or more vertices, each of which may be shared amongst multiple primitives, and state information defining the primitive. The geometry shader processes each primitive, calculating an object-space to texture-space mapping for each vertex of the primitive and, subsequently, using this mapping to transform the object-space view vector and the object-space light vectors associated with each vertex of the primitive to texture-space equivalents.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image-processing device and a method of assigning pixel values to adjacent pixel locations in an image (705) having unassigned pixel values.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method and system to generate device dependent color space representations for an image output device. The method and system are particularly applicable to a printing device, where gamut boundary separated profile methods are executed to map device in-gamut and device out-of-gamut colors.

Abstract: Method and system for creating a fused image from an image pair. The method includes obtaining (204) image data defining a first image of a panchromatic image type and a second image of a multi-spectral image type. The first image has a first spatial resolution and a first spectral resolution. The second image has a second spatial resolution which is lower than the first spatial resolution and a second spectral resolution higher than the first spectral resolution. The first image and the second image are fused (216) to initialize a fused image having the first spatial resolution and the second spectral resolution. A blurring function is used (220) to help form the fused image.

Abstract: Data conversion circuits and methods of data conversion that enable to keep the continuity in the converted data while reducing a required memory capacity are disclosed. An exemplary conversion circuit includes a LUT that stores representative correction values and an interpolation circuit that generates conversion data by interpolating from representative correction values stored in cells of the LUT that surround an address corresponding to the combination of input signal levels. When the cells that surround the address include a pair of adjacent cells arranged along both sides of a diagonal line of the LUT, the interpolation circuit substitutes one of the representative correction values with a substituted representative correction value that indicates an opposite direction and a same amount of correction as indicated by the other one of the representative correction values stored in the adjacent cells, and then generates the conversion data.

Abstract: A system and method for tetrahedral interpolation computations using data-level parallelism that takes advantage of data-level parallelism in media processors. If the tetrahedron points in a 3D lookup table are packed together in a memory, the interpolation computation can be implemented without extra instructions to unpack them. An algebraic manipulation of the interpolation equation allows computing the difference on the fraction coefficients instead of the tetrahedron node values. Not only will this technique preserve the full precision without over or underflow, but the packed data from the 3D lookup can be used directly, thereby allowing a faster implementation of the color space transformation overall and implementing as part of a direct-copy image path on a media processor. Such a system and method allows the implementation of the direct copy pipeline to function at the required performance rate as requested by a customer specification while obtaining the required product design speed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for dynamic correction of data for non-uniformity are disclosed. Feature data are extracted from input video data that include a subject shot against a backing area in a solid color. The feature data may describe characteristics of non-uniformity in input video data. A curve is generated based on the extracted feature data, and correction factors are formed based on the generated curve. At least one of the input video data and alpha data associated with the input video data is corrected based on the correction factors.

Abstract: Method and system for creating a fused image from an image pair comprising a high resolution panchromatic image and lower resolution multi-spectral image. The method includes obtaining image data (204) defining a first image of a panchromatic image type and a second image of a multi-spectral image type. The first image has a first spatial resolution and a first spectral resolution. The second image has a second spatial resolution which is lower than the first spatial resolution and a second spectral resolution higher than the first spectral resolution. The method also includes a step (212) of concurrently calculating a point-spread function for down-sampling the first image to the second spatial resolution, and a set of weights for down-sampling the second image to the first spectral resolution.

Abstract: A system, medium, and method to automatically create a dynamic image object, which can create content in image unit groups of dynamic image objects. The system may include a template selection module that selects a template from an image unit group corresponding to a desired content group that includes content, a content-arrangement module that arranges the content in the selected template, and a dynamic image object supply module that supplies a dynamic image object in which the content is arranged.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a seamless way to emulate legacy graphics processing on modern graphics hardware. In particular, in some embodiments, the present invention provides a way for modern GPUs to emulate the bitwise operations and rendering processes of previous generations of graphics hardware. The present invention utilizes a novel pixel shader program. The pixel shader program provides a texture lookup functionality that compensates for any missing bitwise functionality. When a bitwise operation is requested, the system will copy out the destination area to a temporary image. This temporary image is fed to the pixel shader program along with a precomputed texture. The texture is precomputed by the CPU for the various bitwise operations and acts as a lookup table for the requested operation. With the temporary image and precomputed texture, the shader program on the GPU can then emulate the legacy graphics operations seamlessly.

Abstract: Provided is an image processing apparatus and method for preventing degradation of image quality occurring when a bit-format of an image is converted. When a raw image is converted to an image having specific color resolution, the image to be converted can maintain an image close to the raw image by obtaining errors between pixels of the raw image and the image to be converted and minimizing the errors between the raw image and the image to be converted using an error diffusion scheme.

Abstract: A method and system for efficiently converting an image from a first map projection to a second map projection image. The method includes precomputing coordinates in the first map projection for a subset of the total number of pixels in an empty second map projection image and subsequently, finding the first map projection coordinates of each of the remaining pixels by linear interpolation using the precomputed first map projection coordinates of the nearest surrounding precomputed pixels. A color is assigned to the second map projection image pixel with bilinear interpolation using color values of surrounding first map projection pixels. If the first map projection has fiducials, only the area within the fiducials is considered. An embodiment converts a USGS DOQ in UTM format into Geodetic coordinates.

Abstract: Systems and methods for estimating a systematic relationship between a plurality of points include determining an estimated systematic relationship representative of the plurality of points according to an estimation function and based on a given set of measured points. The estimated systematic relationship having coordinate data and normal vector data associated with the given set of points and corresponding to at least a portion of the plurality of points. Further, an adaptive sampling mechanism may automatically determine whether further measurements are required based on the estimated systematic relationship and based on predetermined measurement criteria. Additionally, a data verification device may remove inaccurate data from the estimation process.

Abstract: When a fixed polygonal plane patch is called a polygonal plane patch of level 0 and when each vertex of such polygonal plane patch is called a shape composition point of level 0, a normal line of level 0 is set on each shape composition point of level 0, and each normal line of level 0 is decomposed on an equivalent tangent plane to the normal line of level 0. Moreover, a tangent line of level 0 is set by a decomposition in a direction equal to or in the vicinity of the edge of the polygonal plane patch of level 0; and based upon two tangent lines of level 0, a normal line is set on a shape composition point and on a shape composition point of level 1. A plane shape is formed by repeated controls of the above one after another.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a technique for computing a complex gradient using multiple conics. In connection with a computer system having a graphics processing unit (GPU) in addition to the normal central processing unit (CPU), gradients can be computed in real time. The conics may be rendered and adjusted in a number of ways, providing a rich palette for creation of gradient graphics. The computational efficiency of the algorithms disclosed herein, when executed on typical GPU hardware, allows rendering frame rates high enough to provide animated gradient images.

Abstract: A data product that can be read into a computer or a map data processing apparatus contains map data that includes map-related information related to a map. The map data includes: a structure achieved by dividing the map into a plurality of mesh-like subdivisions and dividing the map-related information into units corresponding to the individual subdivisions; and a structure in which the map-related information is managed in units of subdivision sets each containing a plurality of adjacent subdivisions and the map-related information is used in the map data processing apparatus in units of the individual subdivision sets.

Abstract: A display device calibration system is provided. The overall color response of a display family is characterized, and the idiosyncratic color response characteristics of the display family are determined. The idiosyncratic color response characteristics of the display family are related to respective idiosyncratic color response points. Individual idiosyncratic color response point values for an individual member of the display family are determined. The color response of the individual member of the display family is specified from the individual idiosyncratic color response point values of the individual member of the display family and the overall color response of the display family.

Abstract: A display color-correcting system is provided. Color response values are measured that go into the vertices of polyhedra in a cubic color output space of the display. A set of corresponding values for the display is built from intermediate values determined between the measured color response values. The intermediate values are determined by decomposition and interpolation of interpolation volumes in the cubic color output space. Each of the interpolation volumes is the combined volume of a selected polyhedron within the cubic color output space and a predetermined volume of space between the selected polyhedron and the next polyhedron within the cubic color output space. The set of corresponding values is converted into decoupled RGB adjustment values that specify the RGB signals independently for the display to produce corrected colors. The RGB adjustment values are saved into one or more look-up tables.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus of the present invention comprising (a) a first signal processing circuit for applying gamma correction to an n-bit (n: a natural number) digital signal inputted as a video signal and for converting the n-bit digital signal into an m-bit (m>n, m: a natural number) digital signal, and (b) a second signal processing circuit for adding a noise signal, which is used for pseudo contour reduction, into the m-bit digital signal from the first signal processing circuit and for outputting a Q-bit (Q: a natural number) digital signal, which is obtained from rounding off a less significant (m?Q) bit (Q?n) from the m-bit digital signal, to a display section.

Abstract: A device for the display of images with a data processing system is provided. The device includes a display device; a memory storing an original image comprising a number of pixels; and a processor operable to generate a second image on the basis of the original image. The second image is displayed on the display device. The display device has a lower resolution than the original image. The second image is displayed at a first time point using an interpolation function that reduces the number of pixels, and the processor operable to generate a shifted third image at a second, later time point for display on the display device. The shifted third image uses an interpolation function that reduces the number of pixels, the interpolation at the first time point differentiated from the interpolation carried out at the second time point.

Abstract: The current invention involves new systems and methods for increasing texture filtering performance based on pixel coverage. When half of the pixels in a 2×2 pixel quad are not covered, texel coordinates for the uncovered pixels are not output. Therefore, the texels for the uncovered pixels are not read or processed, allowing the texel filtering processing throughput to be used to produce filtered results for covered pixels. This optimization is particularly useful when anisotropic filtering is used since the number of texels needed to produce a filtered result for a pixel increases as the anisotropic ratio increases. Elimination of unnecessary texel processing for uncovered pixels may improve texture filtering performance.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for variable source rate sampling in connection with image rendering, which accumulate and resolve over all samples forward mapped to each pixel bin. In accordance with the invention, the textured surface to be rendered is sampled, or oversampled, at a variable rate that reflects variations in frequency among different regions, taking into account any transformation that will be applied to the surface prior to rendering and the view parameters of the display device, thus ensuring that each bin of the rendering process receives at least a predetermined minimum number of samples. In one embodiment, the sampling rate is variably set such that each bin is assured to have at least one sample point. In another embodiment, a tiling approach to division of the surface is utilized.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus has a scan quality parameter extraction part, a scan quality evaluation part and a notification part. The scan quality parameter extraction part extracts scan quality parameters representing the quality of a scanned image from image data based on a scan error detection algorithm. The scan quality evaluation part determines whether a scan error occurs, based on the scan error detection algorithm and the scan quality parameters. Also, the notification part notifies a result determined by the scan quality evaluation part to a user.

Abstract: Attributes associated with components of a three-dimensional source geometry may be transferred to a target geometries having an arbitrarily different topology. The two geometries are placed in a general alignment in three dimensions. Correspondences are found between anchors for attributes in the target geometry and anchors for attributes in the source geometry. The identified correspondence locations on the source geometry are locally redistributed so as to ensure that concave regions of the source geometry are mapped to the target geometry, and that convex edges or vertices of the source geometry do not map to a large area on the target geometry. Attribute discontinuities in the source geometry are preserved in the target geometry by relating discontinuous edges in the source geometry to the target geometry. This relationship may map each discontinuous edge in the source geometry locally to the target geometry.

Abstract: The invention discloses a gamma image correction method and device that employs an improved interpolating operation, comprising receiving an original image data point; retrieving p conversion values (p is larger than 2) from a memory unit according to the original image data point; and arithmetically processing the p conversion values for generating a gamma corrected image parameter value from the original image data point wherein the original image data point is a N bits data, the memory unit contains 2k conversion values and N is lager than k.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for generating a color reference for an image to be printed for visualizing the same on a true-color monitor is disclosed. Lower-resolution image data are generated from high-resolution raster data for the image to be printed which are obtained from page description data for the image to be printed. The lower-resolution data are converted into display data which serve as color reference for the image to be printed and which can be visualized on a true-color monitor. An actual transmission characteristic is ascertained. The actual transmission characteristic ascertained is compared with a specified (desired) transmission characteristic, where, on the basis of this comparison, a correction curve is calculated which is required to arrive at the desired transmission characteristic starting with the actual transmission characteristic. The display data are ascertained using the calculated correction curve.

Abstract: A process for creating three-dimensional or relief views with the help of software running on a computer system for adjusting brightness of a scene comprising a plurality of pixels includes: determining a representative brightness of at least one predetermined area of the scene based on brightness of each pixel of the at least one predetermined area; comparing the average brightness to a reference value; and correcting the brightness of at least a portion of the scene in accordance with a result of the comparison.

Abstract: System and method for computing coefficients for color correcting rendered colors used in displaying images. A preferred embodiment comprises measuring color values of light output for a display system, receiving color values of desired colors, and computing a color correction matrix based on the measured color values and the input color values. The color correction matrix may be used to modify color commands to a light engine of the display system. The modifications to the color commands permit the storage and use of a set of color commands designed for a reference display system, simplifying display system design and manufacture.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for rendering 3D graphic data is provided. The 3D graphic data is projected onto a 2D screen and points are interpolated and rendered, thereby quickly processing the 3D graphic data.

Abstract: Methods, systems and apparatus, including computer program products, for anti-aliased rendering. A plurality of objects is received. Each object in the plurality of objects is depth-ordered. Each object is rendered from back to front into a plurality of pixels. Each pixel in the plurality of pixels has a respective color value. The rendering includes selecting an object from the plurality of objects. Respective alpha values are determined for first pixels in the plurality of pixels based on coverage of the first pixels by the selected object. The respective color value of each of the first pixels is attenuated based on the respective alpha values. The respective color value of each of the first pixels is added to based on the respective alpha values and one or more color properties associated with the selected object.

Abstract: In a system and a method for profiling a digital-image input device, profiling of the digital-image input device is performed based at least on an image of a color chart and an estimated illumination of the color chart generated by comparing illumination of device-dependent coordinate values for the image of the color chart with illumination of device-independent coordinate values of the color chart. Because the estimated illumination of the color chart is performed on data pertaining to the color chart, the present invention may generate a profile without reference to data pertaining to scenery in the image outside of the color chart. Consequently, the present invention may generate a profile irrespective of the relative exposure of the color chart with respect to other scenery in the image.

Abstract: A color conversion device includes a three-dimensional lookup table and an interpolation unit. The interpolation unit includes a plurality of operation circuits for realizing an operation process.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for controlling texture sampling in connection with computer graphics in a computer system. In various embodiments, improved mechanisms for controlling texture sampling are provided that enable 3-D accelerator hardware to greatly increase the level of realism in rendering, including improved mechanisms for (1) motion blur; (2) generating anisotropic surface reflections (3) generating surface self-shadowing (4) ray-cast volumetric sampling (4) self-shadowed volumetric rendering and (5) self-shadowed volumetric ray-casting. In supplementing existing texture sampling techniques, parameters for texture sampling may be replaced and/or modified.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for optimizing visual consistency for a dataset of images by using observed and formulated display attributes. The formulated display attributes are derived from an analysis of a first set of images from the image repository. The formulated display attributes from the first set are combined with observer's display attributes to determine scaling factors. The optimized display attributes are then derived from the calculated scaling factors for a second set of images. In another aspect, a system and method is described where a digital image is processed in order to enhance viewing of the image on a display device in accordance to the optimized attributes associated with the observer.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, selective tristimulus corrections to device-independent coordinates are applied using a piecewise linear correction function. The piecewise linear correction function is defined such that a maximum of the piecewise linear correction function occurs at a boundary condition of a corresponding device-dependent color space, and the piecewise linear correction function is linearly reduced to zero or approximately zero as values in the corresponding device-dependent color space approach either a different boundary condition or a neutral axis. By having the piecewise linear correction function reduce linearly to zero or approximately zero, corrections to one region of color smoothly diminish and blend into the other regions of color, thereby substantially preventing the introduction of artifacts or image corruption due to the corrections.

Abstract: A method for interpolating pixel colors in a digital system is provided. The method comprises obtaining at least two pixels of a first color having a first level of similarity, wherein the at least two pixels are positioned adjacent a first pixel to be restored; calculating average values of the two pixels for the first color; restoring the value of the at least two pixels for the first color; and restoring a value associated with a second color for the at least two pixels by an interpolation method using a gradient of a brightness.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a first correlation calculator calculates a correlation between first pixel blocks, and detects as first reference pixels actual pixels contained respectively in the first pixel blocks with the highest correlation. A second correlation calculator calculates a correlation between second pixel blocks, and detects as second reference pixels actual pixels contained respectively in the second pixel blocks with the highest correlation. The first pixel blocks include pixels arranged in a plurality of rows and columns The second pixel blocks include pixels arranged in at least one row less than the rows of the first pixel blocks and a plurality of columns. An interpolation calculator calculates, when the first reference pixels are located perpendicular to the actual pixel lines, the pixel value of the interpolation pixel based on the second reference pixels.

Abstract: Systems and methods that generate or provide overlap displays of multiple sets of data in a manner that advantageously simplifies trend visualization in large sets of data. A two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or greater-dimensional occurrence count array is generated for a plurality of similar data sets. Each element in the array is a number of times a corresponding vector of data values occurs in the plurality of N data sets, wherein each array element corresponds to a discrete interval of data values. Once the array has been generated, a graphical display of overlap density may be generated by comparing a desired degree of overlap with the value of each array element. Those array elements having values that satisfy the desired degree of overlap are rendered, as a display object, using one or more colors, shades and/or patterns representing varying degrees of overlap.

Abstract: The color management module includes a first color converter color-converting color information contained in an image signal having been input according to a three-dimensional LUT; an interpolator generating a synthetic image signal by synthesizing an image signal converted by the first color converter and an image signal having been input in an arbitrary ratio; and a second color converter color-converting color information on the synthetic image signal in the HSV space and outputting the color information.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus to provide flexible texture filtering. A programmable texture filtering module is introduced into the graphics processing pipeline of a graphic coprocessor and graphic processor integrated with the host. A program from a defined instruction set may then be loaded into texture processing cores to process texture data consistent with the program.

Abstract: If there is any unprocessed character area, and if there is any character area sharing a common character color with the unprocessed character area, the image processing apparatus calculates, as a first number, the total number of the pixels included in these two character areas. The image processing apparatus also calculates, as a second number, the number of pixels included in an area formed by integrating the two character areas. Then, the image processing apparatus judges whether the ratio of the first number to the second number is less than a predetermined threshold value. In other words, the image processing apparatus judges whether the following is satisfied: Second Number/First Number<Threshold Value If this is satisfied, the image processing apparatus integrates the areas, and also integrates the attribute information.

Abstract: In a method and system for performing color correction for an image signal, a first set of matrix coefficients for color correction of the image signal in a 3-dimensional RGB color space is transformed to a first set of points of a two-dimensional XY plane. In addition, the first set of points is modified to a second set of points in the XY plane for tuning image quality. Furthermore, the first and second sets of points in the two-dimensional XY plane are displayed such as on a graphical user interface of a computer system.

Abstract: A method of smoothing a triangulated raster image includes the steps of: triangulating the image to create triangles having vertices, each of which is centered on a pixel of the image; comparing the costs of a first and a second orientation of an edge of each pair of adjacent triangles that forms a quadrilateral; swapping the edge of the pair of triangles to the lower cost orientation; and iterating the comparing and swapping until a stopping point is reached. The cost function used may include a cost factor that causes a triangle edge orientation that aligns with a both a color and an intensity of a color intensity contour line of the image to have a lower cost than a triangle edge orientation that does not so align.

Abstract: A saltating sample image enhancement system and method that provides an image processing operation in which a filter considers one or one or more exact source image pixels; one or more bilinearly interpolated source image samples, where the bilinear weights are coupled to the position of the target pixel relative to the source pixels; and (optionally) one or more linearly interpolated source image samples, where the linear weights are coupled to the position of the target pixel relative to the source pixels. The filter can construct a spatially continuous image statistic.

Abstract: A method for producing a color conversion table by which a color image signal to be handled in an image input system is converted to a N bit color image signal to be handled in an image output system, comprising the step of producing a color conversion table from which a N+? bit color output value, exceeding a color gamut of the color image signal to be handled in the image output system can be read out corresponding to a color input value of the color image signal to be handled in the input system.