Abstract: Isomannide-based compounds having chiral properties are provided, in addition to liquid crystal compositions and polymer networks derived therefrom.

Abstract: A LC compound and a LC mixture are provided. The LC mixture includes a compound represented by (I) and at least one compound selected from a group consisting of compounds represented by (II) to (IV): in which X1 is F, —Cl, —CF3, or —OCF3; R, R11, and R12 are independently H, a C1-C15 alkyl group, or a C2-C15 alkenyl group; A1 is 1,4-phenylene; A11, A12, A13, and A14 are independently selected from a group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and 2,5-tetrahydropyranylene; at least one of A2, A3, and A4 is 2,5-indanylene, and the others are independently selected from a group consisting of 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, and 2,5-tetrahydropyranylene; L1 is —F2CO—; Z11, Z12, and Z13 are independently a single bond, —O—, —F2CO—, or —COO—; m is 1; n, o and p are independently 0, 1, 2 or 3, and n+o+p?3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and a liquid crystal display employing the same are provided. The liquid crystal composition includes: 100 parts by weight of at least one nematic liquid crystal; 1-20 parts by weight of at least one photosensitive chiral compound; and 1-20 parts by weight of at least one non-photosensitive chiral compound.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display structure is provided. The liquid crystal display structure includes a liquid crystal panel and a backlight module. The liquid crystal panel has a liquid crystal layer including photo-polymerizable monomers. The backlight module has a light emitting unit for emitting an output light. A difference between the smallest value of the spectrum interval of the output light and the largest value of the absorption spectrum interval of the photo-polymerizable monomer in the liquid crystal layer is larger than or equal to 40 nm.

Abstract: A blue phase liquid crystal composition and a LC display using the composition. The liquid crystal composition includes a first class including a highly polar compound and a second class including a highly conjugated liquid crystal compound. The blue phase liquid crystal display device includes first and second substrates each with polarizer on the exterior surface and the blue phase liquid crystal composition sandwiched therebetween with and patterned electrodes on one of the substrates or both substrates. The patterned electrodes can be T-shaped, chevron or v-shaped, thin comb like shape and can also be flat or trapezoidal. The device outputs different light transmissions from the electrically controllable induced birefringence of the blue phase LC material for a low driving voltage, high transmittance blue phase liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: The invention relates to new cyclohexylene reactive mesogens (RM), polymers derived thereof, liquid crystal (LC) media comprising them, and the use of the compounds, polymers and liquid crystalline media in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices, in decorative, security, cosmetic or diagnostic applications, especially in the polymer stabilised blue phase.

Abstract: The main aim of the invention is to provide a polymerizable liquid crystal compound that has a liquid crystal phase with a wide temperature range centering at room temperature, has an excellent compatibility with another polymerizable liquid crystal compound, has an excellent solubility in an organic solvent and is polymerizable even in air by heat or light. A polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by formula (1-1) or formula (1-2): wherein A1 and A2 are a divalent cyclic-structure group such as cyclohexylene and phenylene; Z1 is a bonding group such as a single bond and —O—; m is an integer from 1 to 5; Q1 and Q2 are alkylene having 1 to 20 carbons; R1 is fluorine, cyano, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, alkyl, alkoxy and so forth; and Ra and Rb is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is to be obtained that has stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. A liquid crystal composition containing the compound is also to be obtained that has a low viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a suitable negative dielectric anisotropy, a low threshold voltage, a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase (phase transition temperature from a nematic phase to an isotropic phase), and a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase. A compound having a hydrocoumarin skeleton is synthesized, and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound is produced.

Abstract: The invention is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a large elastic constant, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding at least two of the characteristics; and is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The invention provides a liquid crystal composition that has a nematic phase and includes a specific three-ring compound having a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a specific four-ring compound having a high maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristic such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature thereof, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large negative dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and heat, or a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two characteristics, and an AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio and a long service life; a liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having a polymerizable group as a first component, and may contain a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy and a low minimum temperature as a second component or a specific compound having a small viscosity or a large maximum temperature as a third component, and a liquid crystal display device contains the composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an alignment sustaining layer formed of a photopolymerized material on each of surfaces of a pair of alignment films which are closer to a liquid crystal layer. The alignment sustaining layer is configured to regulate a pretilt azimuth of a liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal layer during absence of an applied voltage. A nematic liquid crystal material of the liquid crystal layer comprise a liquid crystal compound having a terphenyl ring system as an indispensable component, and the liquid crystal layer further comprises part of a photopolymerizable compound. A content of the photopolymerizable compound relative to the nematic liquid crystal material is less than 0.015 mol %.

Abstract: An electrically controlled medium for modulating light includes two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2), and a mixture layer (3) is arranged between the two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2). The mixture layer (3) is consisted of smectic liquid crystals (31), polymer materials (33) and dopants (32). Electrode layers (4) are coated on one side of each of the two plastic thin film layers (1) and (2) facing to the mixture layer (3), and the electrode layers (4) are connected to a device of electrical driving system (5). The liquid crystal molecules are allowed to exhibit different molecule alignments by controlling the amplitude, frequency and driving time of the electric power applied to the electrode layers (4), so that the electrically controlled medium for modulating light can be switched between a blurredly scattering state and a fully transparent state, even may be switched among a plurality of gradual translucent states of different gray levels.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal composition having an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase used in an element driven in a state of an optically isotropic liquid crystal phase, which comprises a compound 1 having the clearing point T1 and a compound 2 having the clearing point T2, and which has the clearing point Tx, wherein the liquid crystal composition comprises 10 to 80 wt % of compound 1 and 20 to 90 wt % of compound 2, and wherein the clearing point T1, the clearing point T2 and the clearing point Tx of the liquid crystal composition satisfy the following conditions: T1>T2 T1?Tx?100° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds represented by the following Formula I, in which R1-R6 can each independently be selected from hydrogen or hydrocarbyl (e.g., methyl); L1 is a divalent linking group, such as a bond or —OC(O)—R8—C(O)O—, where R8 can be divalent hydrocarbyl (e.g., —CH2CH2—); each L2 independently represents a flexible segment, such as divalent linear or branched C1-C25 alkyl; each L3 independently represents a rigid segment including, for example, optionally substituted phenylen-1,4-diyl groups; t is from 1 to 4; m and p are each independently from 0 to 4 for each t, provided that the sum of m and p is at least 1 for each t; and E can be hydrogen or hydrocarbyl. The present invention also relates to compositions, such as liquid crystal compositions, and articles, such as optical elements, that include the compound represented by Formula I.

Abstract: The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light, a high stability to heat and a large elastic constant, or that is suitably balanced regarding at least two of the characteristics. The subject is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth. The invention provides a liquid crystal composition that has a nematic phase and includes a specific four-ring compound having a high maximum temperature and a large dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a specific compound having a small dielectric anisotropy as a second component, and also provides a liquid crystal display device containing this composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a radial-shaped liquid crystal compound, and an optical film and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same. Particularly the present invention provides a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 comprising a radial-shaped core of tetraphenyl ethylene in which four phenyl groups are bonded to an ethylene group, and makes it possible to provide an optical film which can minimize the change of color according to viewing angle and has an improved contrast ratio and high refractive anisotropy, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the same, by using the compound.

Abstract: A display substrate includes a gate line, a data line crossing the gate line, a transistor connected to the gate line and the data line, a first pixel electrode connected to a first output electrode of the transistor and a second pixel electrode connected to a second output electrode of the transistor. The first pixel electrode includes cutting grooves which define a first domain on the first pixel electrode off-axis image quality.

Abstract: A photodisplay device in which an optically addressed image can be viewed indefinitely, erased and readdressed with a new image is disclosed. Optically responsive reversible photochiral materials are incorporated into a bistable cholesteric liquid crystal in an electrooptic display cell. A high resolution image exposed on the cell is fixed by a low voltage pulse to unpatterned electrodes and can be, at a later time, erased with a high voltage pulse.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel fluorene derivatives, which are especially suitable for use in birefringent films with negative optical dispersion, to novel liquid crystal (LC) formulations and polymer films comprising them, and to the use of the fluorene derivatives, formulations and films in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a high quality smectic aerogel which is not brittle and a method for producing the smectic aerogel by using a host material comprising a mixture of a smectic liquid crystal and a UV-curable material or a host material comprising a smectic UV-curable material and by selecting an appropriate host material. A smectic aerogel comprising 4-nonyl-4?-cyanobiphenyl (9BC) and air bubbles can be produced, wherein hexagonal or pentagonal air cells are separated from each other by a smectic layer comprising a smectic liquid crystal. The thickness of the wall of the smectic layer at the boundaries of the air cells is about 24 ?m, which corresponds to about 6000 smectic layers. The thickness of the wall of the smectic layer at the boundaries can be varied. Particularly, the thickness can be reduced to as thin as several smectic layers.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (“LCD”) panel includes a first substrate including a pixel electrode defining pixel areas, a first alignment layer disposed on the pixel electrode and a first reactive mesogen layer disposed on the first alignment layer, a second substrate including a common electrode layer disposed on an entire portion of the second substrate facing the first substrate, a second alignment layer disposed on the common electrode layer and a second reactive mesogen layer disposed on the second alignment layer, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second substrates and including a first liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, a second liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 2 and a third liquid crystal compound represented by Chemical Formula 3:

Abstract: The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance and a high stability to ultraviolet light or heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding at least two of the characteristics. The subject is to provide a AM device that has a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benzo[f]chromene and pyrano[3,2-f]-chromene derivatives of the formula I in which L1, L2, R1, R2, A1, A2, Z1, Z2, m and n are as defined in claim 1, to the preparation thereof, to the use thereof as components in liquid-crystalline media, and to electro-optical display elements which contain the liquid-crystalline media according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid-crystal (LC) display of the PS (polymer stabilized) or PSA (polymer sustained alignment) type, and to polymerisable compounds and LC media for use in PS (polymer stabilized) and PSA displays.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a liquid crystal compound represented by a below chemical formula (I) at about 10 wt % to about 15 wt %; and at least one liquid crystal compound at about 3 wt % to about 8 wt % among liquid crystal compounds represented by chemical formula (II) to chemical formula (IV). Here, X and Y may be equal to each other or different from each other, and each is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group having a carbon number of 1 to 4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a polymer film having negative optical dispersion, novel polymerisable compounds and liquid crystal (LC) materials for its preparation, and the use of the polymer film and novel compounds and materials in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optically biaxial film comprising an anisotropic material with uniform helically twisted structure and a reflection wavelength below 400 nm, to methods and materials for its preparation, to its use as retardation or compensation film in optical devices like liquid crystal displays, and to compensators and liquid crystal displays comprising such a biaxial film.

Abstract: In the present invention, it is an object to improve display quality by improving response speed of a liquid crystal element in a liquid crystal display device, in particular, response speed in the case of falling. In the present invention, it is characterized that a liquid crystal layer is divided into plural regions (domains) substantially by mixing a chemical compound including a liquid crystal skeleton in a liquid crystal layer having existing liquid crystal molecules as a technique to improve response speed of a liquid crystal element in a liquid crystal display device for solving the above problem.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel liquid-crystal compounds, processes and intermediates for the preparation thereof, the use thereof for optical, electro-optical and electronic purposes, in particular in liquid-crystal (LC) media and LC displays, and to LC media and LC displays containing the same.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition is disclosed, which includes a liquid crystal material having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy and at least two different kinds of reactive monomers. A proportion The amount of the at least two different kinds of the reactive monomers in the total weight of the liquid crystal composition is ranges from 0.05% to 10% by weight. Additionally, a liquid crystal display using the liquid crystal composition as well as methods and uses thereof are further provided.

Abstract: The invention is to provide an AM device containing a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a large positive dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to and heat, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics, and the AM device having a short response time, a large voltage holding ratio, a large contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth; wherein a liquid crystal display device contains a liquid crystal composition having a positive dielectric anisotropy and containing a specific compound having a large positive dielectric anisotropy as a first component and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a second component.

Abstract: The present invention provides liquid crystal devices comprised of a composite of an internal polymer network localized on the substrate surfaces and short-pitch dual-frequency switchable cholesteric liquid crystal that operate in two different modes including in-plane switching (amplitude modulation) and out-of-plane switching (phase modulation). The invention further provides a method of making a liquid crystal device demonstrating uniform lying helical axis where the device comprises a composite of an internal spatially ordered polymer network localized by in-situ photo-polymerization at the surface of the substrate. The invention can be used for flat panel displays, as well as spatial light modulators for applications such as optical waveguides, optical beam scanners, computer-generated holograms, and adaptive optics.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an illuminator and a liquid crystal panel for performing displaying by using light which is emitted from the illuminator. The liquid crystal panel includes a pair of substrates, a liquid crystal layer provided between the pair of substrates, and a pair of alignment films provided on sides of the pair of substrates facing the liquid crystal layer. At least one of the alignment films is a photo-alignment film which is imparted with an orientation regulating force through a photo-alignment treatment, and the illuminator includes a light source causing primary generation of at least blue light, among other light which is used for displaying.

Abstract: A polymerizable liquid crystal composition is provided that has a wide range where a liquid crystal phase is exhibited, has excellent solubility in an organic solvent, and is facilitated in control of an alignment state. The use of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition provides a polymerizable liquid crystal composition that has good solubility in a solvent with high safety, such as PGMEA, and can control various alignment states. The polymerizable liquid crystal composition in one aspect contains a fluorenone derivative represented by the formula (1) and a compound having a bisphenol skeleton represented by the formula (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to dielectrically positive liquid-crystalline media comprising in each case one or more compounds of the formula I in which the parameters have the respective meanings indicated in the specification, and optionally one or more further dielectrically positive compounds and optionally one or more further dielectrically neutral compounds, and to liquid-crystal displays containing these media, especially to active-matrix displays and in particular to TN, IPS and FFS displays.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula having stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a large optical anisotropy and a suitable elastic constant K33 (K33: bend elastic constant), and further having a suitable and negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and provides a liquid crystal composition including the compound, wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen, alkyl or the like, ring A1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like, L1 to L4 are hydrogen or fluorine, and at least three of them are fluorine; when the ring A1 is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or the like, Z1 is a single bond, —(CH2)2— or the like, when ring A1 is 1,4-phenylene, Z1 is —(CH2)2— or the like.

Abstract: The subject is to provide a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one characteristic among characteristics such as a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, a low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, a low viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a negatively large dielectric anisotropy, a large specific resistance, a high stability to ultraviolet light and a high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced regarding two or more characteristics. The subject is to provide an AM device that has a short response time, a high voltage holding ratio, a high contrast ratio, a long service life and so forth.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes an illuminator and a liquid crystal panel for performing displaying by using light which is emitted from the illuminator. The liquid crystal panel includes a pair of substrates and a liquid crystal layer provided therebetween. The liquid crystal layer is formed of a liquid crystal material which contains molecules having at least one of a carbon-carbon triple bond and a polycyclic group. The illuminator includes a light source causing primary generation of at least blue light, among other light which is used for displaying.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition comprising the same, and an optical film using the same liquid crystal composition. More particularly, there is provided a liquid crystal material of a viewing angle compensation film with high quality characteristics, which can improve a contrast ratio and minimize variations in color with viewing angles in a black state, a liquid crystal composition comprising the same liquid crystal material, and a compensation film obtained from the same liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound represented by the formula [R1-(A1)a-Z1-(A2)b-Z2-(A7)e-Z5-A3—CF?CFCF2O-A4-Z3-(A5)c-Z4-(A6)d-R2].

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electro-optical light-modulation element of the FFS type, and to electro-optical displays and display systems, such as, for example, television screens and computer monitors, which contain elements of this type. The light-modulation elements according to the invention contain a liquid-crystalline modulation medium which has optimised elastic constants and are distinguished, in particular, by high contrast and/or optimised transmission in addition to good contrast, a low viewing-angle dependence, short response times and low addressing voltages. The present invention likewise relates to the liquid-crystalline modulation media used in the electro-optical light-modulation elements.

Abstract: A method for alignment treatment of a substrate for a liquid crystal display (LCD) device includes the steps of: forming an alignment film including a plurality of molecules with curable parts on a substrate; applying an electrical field on the substrate to rotate the curable parts; and curing the curable parts such that the curable parts are cured along a first direction. A manufacturing method of the LCD device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a biaxial liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition comprising the same, and an optical film using the same liquid crystal composition. More particularly, there is provided a liquid crystal material of a viewing angle compensation film with high quality characteristics, which can improve a contrast ratio and minimize variations in color with viewing angles in a black state, a liquid crystal composition comprising the same liquid crystal material, and a compensation film obtained from the same liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a pair of field generating electrodes disposed on at least one of the first and the second substrates; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and the second substrates; wherein the liquid crystal layer includes a liquid crystal composition including a polar compound, the polar compound including a compound represented by Formula 1: wherein A represents X is a halogen, R1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkyl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C10 alkoxy group and R2 is a C1-C5 alkyl group or a C1-C5 alkoxy group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) comprises a first substrate comprising a pixel electrode comprising one or more first domain-forming features and further comprising a first vertical alignment film disposed on the pixel electrode; a second substrate facing the first substrate and comprising a common electrode which comprises one or more second domain-forming features and further comprises a second vertical alignment film disposed on the common electrode; and a liquid crystal compound interposed between the first and second substrates, wherein the liquid crystal compound comprises liquid crystal molecules, ultraviolet (UV) hardening monomers and UV hardening initiators, and the liquid crystal molecules are pre-tilted to form an angle greater than 88 degrees but less than 90 degrees with respect to the first substrate when no driving power is applied to the pixel and common electrodes. Fast response time is provided in some embodiments.

Abstract: A high-performance liquid crystal display device is provided that can be manufactured at a low cost and a high production yield. In this liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal composition comprising liquid crystal molecules and a polymerizable compound that can be polymerized by ultraviolet rays or by a combination of ultraviolet rays and heat is disposed between a pair of substrates; the polymerizable compound is polymerized, forming a liquid crystal layer, by an operation including irradiation of ultraviolet rays that do not contain wavelength components of not higher than 313 nm; and uneven portions are installed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, or a slit pattern is installed in an electrode, or uneven portions are installed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, and a slit pattern is installed in the electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal composition suitable for producing a liquid crystal electrooptical element which can be driven at a low voltage in a wide temperature range and has high display quality. Also disclosed is a liquid crystal electrooptical element produced by using the liquid crystal composition. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal compound useful in preparing this composition.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal composition that satisfies at least one of characteristics such as high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, low minimum temperature of a nematic phase, small viscosity, large optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, large specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and high stability to heat, or that is suitably balanced between at least two of the characteristics; and provided is an AM device. The liquid crystal composition having a nematic phase includes a three-ring compound having a specific difluoromethyleneoxy bond having large dielectric anisotropy as a first component, a specific three-ring compound having large dielectric anisotropy as a second component, a specific four-ring compound having high maximum temperature as a third component, and a specific two-ring compound having high maximum temperature and small viscosity as a fourth component, and the liquid crystal display device contains this composition.

Abstract: The invention relates to a birefringent layer having negative optical dispersion, a liquid crystal (LC) medium for its preparation, and the use of the birefringent layer and the LC media in optical, electrooptical, electronic, semiconducting or luminescent components or devices.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display (LCD) which can be driven at a low voltage and has a fast response time. The LCD includes a liquid crystal composition interposed between a first substrate and a second substrate, wherein the liquid crystal composition includes a first polar liquid crystal compound and a second polar liquid crystal compound, each in an amount of 20% or less by weight based on a weight of the liquid crystal composition, wherein the first polar liquid crystal compound is represented by and the second polar liquid crystal compound is represented by at least one of where each of R1, R2, and R3, and R4 independently is an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an alkenyl group having about 2 to about 15 carbon atoms.