Abstract: A display, a jig and a method for making the display, and a terminal equipment are provided. The display includes a display body. Further, at least one side wall of the display body is provided with a waterproof coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for forming an amorphous silicon thin film, a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device including the same, and a semiconductor device manufactured thereby. The present invention discloses a method for forming an amorphous silicon thin film, wherein the method includes a first step (S10) of providing a first gas containing silicon and a second gas containing nitrogen on a substrate (100) to form a first amorphous silicon layer (310b), and a second step (S20) of providing a first gas containing silicon on the substrate (100) having the first amorphous silicon layer (310b) formed thereon to form a second amorphous silicon layer (300a).

Abstract: A spatial light modulator includes a panel and a driver board. The panel includes an ultra-high pixel density backplane and a liquid crystal layer. The ultra-high pixel density backplane includes a pixel array with at least 4000 PPI. The liquid crystal layer includes an ultra-high figure-of-merit liquid crystal material with a first figure-of-merit value. The driver board is connected to the panel for driving the panel by executing a fast panel driving procedure design to achieve low phase error.

Abstract: A transparent device for use in optical applications, and methods for using and manufacturing the device are disclosed. The device generally requires several layers, including (i) a first layer comprising a transparent conductive oxide (such as indium tin oxide (ITO)), (ii) a second layer comprising a transparent semiconductor (e.g., a pn-heterojunction or a pn-homojunction), the second layer having a surface facing the first layer, (iii) a third layer comprising a liquid crystal (such as E7), the third layer having a surface facing the second layer, and (iv) a fourth layer comprising either a second transparent conductive oxide or a second transparent semiconductor, the fourth layer having a surface facing the third layer. When light illuminates a surface of the transparent metal oxide pn-heterojunction or transparent metal oxide pn-homojunction, it induces photoconductivity, modifying the surface charges.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device (30) including a reflection electrode (31), a liquid crystal layer (32), and a counter electrode (33) is formed above an insulating layer (25) in a first region (R) of a TFT substrate (20). An organic EL display device (40) including a first electrode (41), an organic layer (43), and a second electrode (44) is formed on the insulating layer (25) of the TFT substrate (20) in a second region (T). A coating layer (45) is formed at least on a surface of the organic EL display device (40) so as to wrap the second electrode (44) and the organic layer (43) of the organic EL display device (40). A part of the coating layer (45) is in contact with the insulating layer (25). As a result, a complex display apparatus capable of preventing the organic layer from deteriorating and excellent in reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate including a light-emitting element that is an upward light emission type and a transistor in a lower layer than the light-emitting element, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The first substrate includes a sealing film formed in an island shape and covering the light-emitting element, a pixel electrode including a first portion not overlapping the sealing film, and a light reflective film overlapping the first portion and including a recessed and protruded surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an additive manufacturing device, comprising: a vessel for containing a material which is polymerisable on exposure to radiation; a build platform having a build surface, the build platform being mounted or mountable for movement relative to the vessel; and a programmable radiation module comprising an array of individually addressable radiation emitting or transmitting elements, the array being configurable to produce radiation having a predetermined pattern by selective activation of elements of the array; wherein the programmable radiation module is positioned or positionable to irradiate uncured material adjacent the build surface, or adjacent a previously cured structure on the build surface, with the predetermined pattern without magnification. Also disclosed is an additive manufacturing method which employs the additive manufacturing device.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a display device may include the following steps: patterning a light blocking layer on a first surface of a first substrate, forming a color filter layer on a second surface of the first substrate opposite the first surface after the patterning of the light blocking layer, and forming a light conversion layer including a plurality of conversion filters on the first surface of the first substrate after the forming of the color filter layer. Each of the conversion filters may include a plurality of conversion particles, and the color filter layer may be formed to selectively transmit light emitted from each of the conversion filters.

Abstract: To provide a display device with high display quality, an eye-friendly display device, a display device with low power consumption, a display device with a reduced change in voltage written to a pixel, or a novel display device. In the display device, a first image signal in which one of grayscale levels of a first pixel and an adjacent second pixel is near white and the other is near black is written. The first image signal is compared with a second image signal. When the grayscale levels of the second image signal written to the first pixel and the second pixel are halftone, the second image signal is written an odd number of times greater than or equal to three times. When the grayscale levels of the second image signal written to the first pixel and the second pixel are near white or near black, the second image signal is written once.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display device (30) including a reflection electrode (31), a liquid crystal layer (32), and a counter electrode (33) is formed above an insulating layer (25) in a first region (R) of a TFT substrate (20). An organic EL display device (40) including a first electrode (41), an organic layer (43), and a second electrode (44) is formed on the insulating layer (25) of the TFT substrate (20) in a second region (T). A coating layer (45) is formed at least on a surface of the organic EL display device (40) so as to wrap the second electrode (44) and the organic layer (43) of the organic EL display device (40). A part of the coating layer (45) is in contact with the insulating layer (25). As a result, a complex display apparatus capable of preventing the organic layer from deteriorating and excellent in reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention provides a circularly polarizing plate that makes it possible to realize a bendable display device having reduced reflectivity and reflective tint and has excellent bending resistance, and a display device including a circularly polarizing plate. The circularly polarizing plate of the present invention is a circularly polarizing plate used for a bendable display device and includes a polarizer, and a phase difference film that is arranged on one side of the polarizer. The phase difference film includes a ?/2 plate and a ?/4 plate, the ?/2 plate and the ?/4 plate each include a liquid crystal compound, and a slow axis direction of the phase difference film is adjusted to define an angle of 75 to 105 degrees with respect to a bending direction of the display device.

Abstract: A display device may include a substrate and a plurality of color conversion units on the substrate. Each of the plurality of color conversion units may include a photonic crystal layer having at least two layers having different refractive indices alternately stacked, and a wavelength shifter dispersed in at least one of the at least two layers.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a display device includes a display panel including a first substrate, a second substrate, and an optical element layer provided between the substrates, a light directing unit facing the first substrate of the display panel, and including a first main surface disposed on a side facing the first substrate, and a second main surface disposed on a side reverse to the first main surface, and a light source unit disposed on the first substrate side with respect to the display panel, and emitting polarized light toward the first or second main surface. The polarized light is made incident on the first or second main surface, and directed perpendicularly to the optical element layer.

Abstract: A touch screen display apparatus including a sensor unit to sense and to process light signals and a pixel unit to drive pixels according to the light signal processing performed by the sensor unit. The touch screen display apparatus includes a substrate; a plurality of pixel units disposed on the substrate, wherein each of the pixel units includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and an emission layer interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a plurality of sensor units disposed on the substrate, wherein each of the sensor units includes a sensor first electrode, a sensor second electrode, and an organic light receiving layer interposed between the sensor first electrode and the sensor second electrode.

Abstract: A display element comprising a configurable medium for providing a display effect. The display element is for example an electrowetting element having a first fluid and a second fluid. A first support plate comprises a first support plate surface in contact with at least one of the first fluid or the second fluid, and an electrode. In some examples, an optical structure comprises a first absorbent element and a second absorbent element, with a transmissive layer located therebetween. In other examples, an optical structure comprises a plurality of light conduits.

Abstract: A novel display device that is highly convenient or reliable. The display device includes a first display element, a second display element, a color film, and a reflective electrode. The first display element includes a first pixel electrode and a liquid crystal layer. The second display element includes a second pixel electrode and a light-emitting layer. The first pixel electrode is electrically connected to the reflective electrode. The reflective electrode includes an opening through which light emitted from the light-emitting layer passes. The color film faces the reflective electrode with the liquid crystal layer placed therebetween.

Abstract: An eye-mountable device includes a flexible lens enclosure, anterior and posterior flexible conductive electrodes, and an accommodation actuator element. The flexible lens enclosure includes anterior and posterior layers that are sealed together. The anterior flexible conductive electrode is disposed within the flexible enclosure and across a center region of the flexible lens enclosure on a concave side of the anterior layer. The posterior flexible conductive electrode is disposed within the flexible enclosure and across the center region on a convex side of the posterior layer. The accommodation actuator element is disposed between the first and second flexible conductive electrodes. The anterior and posterior flexible conductive electrodes are transparent and electrically manipulate the accommodation actuator element.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a liquid crystal grating, a manufacturing method and a drive method thereof, and an optical phased array. In the liquid crystal grating, plurality of first electrodes are formed on a lower substrate with first gaps formed between adjacent first electrodes, second electrodes are further provided above the first gaps with second gaps formed between adjacent second electrodes, and an insulation layer is provided between the first electrodes and the second electrodes. When voltages are applied to the first electrodes and the second electrodes, continuously and smoothly changing electric field is generated inside the liquid crystal grating, and then phases of incident light may be controlled continuously and smoothly, which improves the ability of the liquid crystal grating to modulate light beam.

Abstract: A 3D display device and LC barrier are disclosed. The 3D display device comprises a non-polarized light display unit and an LC barrier. The LC barrier comprises a liquid crystal cell arranged at one side of the non-polarized light display unit, and the liquid crystal cell comprises an upper substrate, a lower substrate and a cholesteric liquid crystal layer between the substrates; a first quarter-wave plate provided on the upper substrate; a polarizer provided on the first quarter-wave plate; an absorption axis of the polarizer forms a predetermined angle with a fast axis of the first quarter-wave plate.

Abstract: An image pickup apparatus includes: a polarization removing element layer including a plurality of polarization removing elements, each of the plurality of polarization removing elements being configured to polarize an incident light to thereby obtain light having a polarization axis in a predetermined direction and to transmit the polarized light; a polarizer layer provided in front of the polarization removing element layer, the polarizer layer being configured to twist polarization axes of light having a plurality of polarization axes by predetermined angles, respectively, and to transmit the light; an inclination detecting device configured to detect inclination of the incident light to an optical axis; a controller configured to control and drive the polarizer layer such that the polarizer layer twists the polarization axis of light depending on the inclination detected by the inclination detecting device and transmits the light; and an image pickup device configured to detect the light.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display device and a method for driving an OLED display panel are provided. The method includes the following steps. In a reset period, a plurality of scanning signals received by a plurality of pixels of the OLED display panel is simultaneously enabled, and a plurality of data-voltages received by the pixels are set to a reference-voltage. In a threshold voltage cancelling period, a system-high-voltage received by the pixels and the scanning signals are simultaneously enabled, and the data-voltages are set to the reference-voltage. In a scanning period, the scanning signals are sequentially enabled, and the data-voltages are set according to the corresponded displaying data within a plurality of displaying data.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator comprising an array-type liquid crystal panel, a polarization beam splitter, an oblique wave plate and a converging lens. The polarization beam splitter is orientated to direct a source light towards a reflective planar surface of the array-type liquid crystal panel. The oblique wave plate and converging lens are located between the polarization beam splitter and the array-type liquid crystal panel. The converging lens is configured to direct light from the reflective planar surface onto a facing surface of the polarization beam splitter.

Abstract: An object is to provide a display device which has high visibility and has a touch recognition function with a high degree of accuracy, by combining a liquid crystal layer where liquid crystals are dispersed in a polymer and a light emitting element. In a display device using a liquid crystal layer where liquid crystals are dispersed in a polymer, a light-transmitting spacer is provided so as to overlap with a light receiving element which has a touch recognition function. The light-transmitting spacer can prevent light incident on the light receiving element from being dispersed by the liquid crystals, while maintaining a cell gap in the liquid crystal layer, and thus achieve a touch recognition function with a high degree of accuracy with high visibility.

Abstract: A photoconductive switching element includes a first electrode, a second electrode that is arranged so as to face the first electrode, and a photoconductive layer that is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode and realizes conductivity by receiving light. The photoconductive layer includes a first electric charge generating layer and a second electric charge generating layer that generate electric charge when light is received and an electric charge transport layer which is brought into contact with the first electric charge generating layer and the second electric charge generating layer and to which the electric charge can be moved. The first electric charge generating layer and the second electric charge generating layer are arranged at mutually-different positions in a direction perpendicular to a thickness direction of the electric charge transport layer and at mutually-different positions in the thickness direction of the electric charge transport layer.

Abstract: An automatic-darkening filter 10, 10? that comprises a first polarizer 14, a second polarizer 18, a first liquid-crystal cell 16, and a sensor 64. The first polarizer 14 has a first polarization direction, and the second polarizer 18 has a second polarization direction. The liquid crystal cell 16 is disposed between the first and second polarizers 14, 18 and contains first and second optically-transparent, flexible, glass layers 40 and 42 with the liquid crystal layer 48 being located between these layers. The sensor 64 detects incident light and causes a signal to be sent, which causes molecular rotation within the liquid crystal layer. The inventive automatic-darkening filter is beneficial in that overall product weight can be reduced and the view field can be increased.

Abstract: An optically addressed light valve suitable for selectively limiting the transmission of radiation from high intensity light sources comprising an electro-optical modulator sandwiched by two photoconductive layers.

Abstract: Example embodiments relate to a solar cell configured to scatter incident light to be penetrated so as to increase a light progress path and includes a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) layer on at least one of a first and a second electrodes.

Abstract: Provided are an optically addressable spatial light modulator (OASLM) divided into a plurality of segments, and an apparatus and method for displaying a holographic three-dimensional (3D) image using the OASLM. The holographic 3D image display apparatus includes a first light source which emits a write beam, an electric addressable spatial light modulator (EASLM) which modulates the write beam emitted from the first light source according to hologram information regarding a 3D image, a second light source which emits a read beam, an OASLM which receives the write beam modulated by the EASLM and modulates the read beam emitted from the second light source according to hologram information included in the modulated write beam, a scanning optical unit which projects the write beam modulated by the EASLM onto the OASLM, and a Fourier lens which focuses the read beam modulated by the OASLM onto a predetermined space to form the 3D image.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for manufacturing liquid crystal display module with photovoltaic cell, which includes: (1) providing a substrate and a liquid crystal display panel; (2) forming a transparent conductive layer on the substrate through sputtering; (3) forming a first matrix, which is arranged to stay away from a pixel aperture of the liquid crystal display panel and is located below the TFT arrays; (4) forming a photovoltaic layer on the transparent conductive layer through chemical vapor deposition; (5) forming a second matrix corresponding to the first matrix; (6) forming a metal layer on the photovoltaic layer through sputtering; (7) forming a third matrix corresponding to the second matrix so as to form a photovoltaic cell on the substrate; (8) applying sealant to the substrate around the photovoltaic cell; and (9) bonding the substrate and the liquid crystal display panel to each other and curing the sealant.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation device includes a liquid crystal layer modulating a phase of incident light according to a level of an applied electric field, a temperature sensor generating a temperature signal corresponding to a temperature of the liquid crystal layer, a plurality of pixel electrodes provided for each of a plurality of pixels and applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer, and a driving device providing a voltage to the plurality of pixel electrodes. The driving device has a nonvolatile storage element storing in advance a coefficient ? included in a function expressing a correlation between a temperature change amount in the liquid crystal layer and a variation in phase modulation amount in the liquid crystal layer, and performs a calculation for correcting a level of voltage by use of a temperature indicated by the temperature signal and the coefficient ?.

Abstract: Various reflective display pixels are provided. In one embodiment, among others, a reflective display pixel for modulating the return of incident visible light is provided that includes one or more stacked cells. Each cell includes a fluid containing a light absorbing medium capable of absorbing incident light in at least one specified wavelength band for that cell and a light returning medium capable of selectively returning at least a portion of the light within the specified wavelength band for that cell. In other embodiments, each cell includes a fluid containing a light absorbing medium capable of absorbing incident light in at least one specified wavelength band for that cell and a light returning medium capable of selectively returning at least a portion of visible light outside the specified wavelength band for that cell.

Abstract: An optically addressed light valve suitable for selectively limiting the transmission of radiation from high intensity light sources independent of wavelength using a TN liquid crystal cell and a photoconductive material (vanadium doped silicon carbide).

Abstract: A display medium comprises: a pair of electrodes to which a voltage is applied; and a liquid crystal layer stack provided between the pair of electrodes. The liquid crystal layer stack contains a first liquid crystal layer having a first liquid crystal that undergoes transition into a specific alignment state in response to the voltage applied to the electrodes becoming equal to or greater than a first voltage value, and a second liquid crystal layer having a second liquid crystal that undergoes transition into the specific alignment state in response to the voltage becoming equal to or greater than a second voltage value. The second voltage value is greater than the first voltage value, and the second liquid crystal has a higher isotropic phase transition temperature than the first liquid crystal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display screen includes a resistance-type touch panel and a liquid crystal display panel. The touch panel includes a first electrode plate and a second electrode plate opposite to the first electrode plate. The first electrode plate includes a first substrate and a first transparent conductive layer located on the first substrate. The second electrode plate includes a common substrate and a second transparent conductive layer. The liquid crystal display panel includes an upper optical polarizer, an upper substrate, an upper electrode, an upper alignment layer, a liquid crystal layer, a lower alignment layer, a thin film transistor panel, and a lower optical polarizer, from top to bottom in sequence. The upper substrate is the same with the common substrate. The upper optical polarizer is sandwiched between the second transparent conductive layer and the common substrate.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator 100 comprising an array-type liquid crystal panel 115, a polarization beam splitter 120, an oblique wave plate 130 and a converging lens 135. The polarization beam splitter is orientated to direct a source light 125 towards a reflective planar surface 127 of the array-type liquid crystal panel. The oblique wave plate and converging lens are located between the polarization beam splitter and the array-type liquid crystal panel. The converging lens is configured to direct light from the reflective planar surface onto a facing surface 125 of the polarization beam splitter.

Abstract: An optical writing display apparatus that performs: applying to a pair of electrodes a first voltage having a first polarity that applies a first partial voltage to a cholesteric liquid crystal layer, the first partial voltage being more than a threshold at which the state of the cholesteric liquid crystal layer changes from focal conic to homeotropic when the exposure is conducted, and exposing an photoconductive layer to light; stopping applying the first voltage for a predetermined time and exposing the photoconductive layer to light; applying a second voltage having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity that applies a second partial voltage to the cholesteric liquid crystal layer, the second partial voltage being not more than the above threshold when the exposure is not conducted, but more than the above threshold when the exposure is conducted; and selectively exposing the photoconductive layer to light and stopping applying the second voltage.

Abstract: A micro-array of optical vortex retarders is provided by forming an alignment layer having a plurality of discrete alignment patches with different orientations. A layer of birefringent material, including one of a liquid crystal and a liquid crystal polymer precursor material, is provided adjacent to the alignment layer. The aligning orientation and position of each discrete alignment patch in the plurality of discrete alignment patches is selected to induce the layer of birefringent material to form at least one optical vortex retarder adjacent to a substantially non-oriented region of the alignment layer.

Abstract: Image display apparatus (102) comprising projector means (112), a light source (104), at least one primary modulator (106) for modulating light, an auxiliary modulator (110) for modulating the light modulated by the primary modulator (106), optical means (108) for relaying the light modulated by the primary modulator (106) to the auxiliary modulator (110), and control means (118, 120) for controlling the primary modulator (106) and the auxiliary modulator (110), characterized in that: the primary modulator (106) comprises a first array of pixels, and the auxiliary modulator (110) comprises a second array of pixels; each pixel in the first array of pixels of the primary modulator (106) is controlled by the control means (118, 120) as a function of video input data for each pixel in the first array of pixels; and each pixel in the second array of pixels of the auxiliary modulator (110) is controlled by control means (118, 120) as a function of video input data for each equivalent pixel in the second array of pi

Abstract: A recording device includes: a voltage application unit that applies a voltage exceeding a first threshold value to a display medium; a photosensitive layer in which an impedance changes depending on an irradiated light; and a light irradiation unit that irradiates light of a first intensity that changes the impedance of the display medium at the approximately same time as when the voltage is applied by the voltage application unit and, and when the voltage is no longer applied by the voltage application unit, irradiates light that has a second intensity lower than the first intensity and that damps the residual voltage to the second threshold value or below within a length of time equal to or less than the third threshold value.

Abstract: A liquid crystal spatial light modulator for adjusting an optical signal is configured in such a manner that a region of one element is partitioned into two regions so as to perform intensity modulation in one region and phase modulation in the other region. Since the region for performing the intensity modulation and the region for performing the phase modulation can be formed by partitioning one region of the liquid crystal spatial light modulator, only one element allows adjusting functions, both the optical signal intensity modulation and phase modulation.

Abstract: An optically based transport system and method for transporting particles across a virtual electrode array are disclosed. The system comprises a photoconductor layer where optically induced electrodes are projected thereon through sequential light images in a traveling wave grid pattern in order to transport particles across the virtual electrode array with a traveling wave.

Abstract: An image projector having one or more broadband lasers designed to reduce the appearance of speckle in the projected image via wavelength diversification. In one embodiment, a broadband laser has an active optical element and a nonlinear optical element, both located inside a laser cavity. The broadband laser generates an output spectrum characterized by a spectral spread of about 10 nm and having a plurality of spectral lines corresponding to different spatial modes of the cavity. Different individual spectral lines effectively produce independent speckle configurations, which become intensity-superimposed in the projected image, thereby causing a corresponding speckle-contrast reduction.

Abstract: A screen device of the present invention has a light collecting element array including a plurality of light collecting elements that collect incident light from a projector and a back surface sheet. The back surface sheet includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, a photoconductive layer disposed between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate, and an image recording layer disposed between the first electrode plate and the photoconductive layer. At the back surface sheet, a light reflecting portion is formed at a light collecting region to which the light collected by the light collecting elements is irradiated, and a light absorbing portion is formed at a non-light collecting region to which the light collected by the light collecting elements is not irradiated.

Abstract: A display device includes a first layer having an optically active display portion, a second layer including a photovoltaic element, and a third layer including electronics operatively coupled to the first layer, wherein the electronics are configured to drive the optically active display portion. Further, the second layer is arranged between the first and third layers.

Abstract: An electromagnetic source has an electrode structure coupled to a substrate. The electrode structure has interspaced electrodes, at least one of which is spiral-shaped. At least one electrical contact interconnects the electrodes of the electrode structure. The electrode structure is responsive to an applied electrical current to generate a spatially non-uniform magnetic field. This field can act on a LC layer such that optical properties of the layer are controllable.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium which prevents a decrease in reflectance during storage at high temperatures, and a writing apparatus using the display medium. A photoconductive layer 24, a selective light transmission layer 22, and a liquid crystal layer 20 are laminated between substrates 12 and 14, which have electrodes 16 and 18, respectively, to form a display medium 10. The selective light transmission layer 22 as a color layer is composed of a deionized material. The ion concentration of the selective light transmission layer 22 is controlled to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device having a plurality of retardation films for alleviating a deterioration in display quality depending on a viewing angle direction, and a driving liquid crystal layer selected from the group consisting of a driving liquid crystal layer typified by a VA mode wherein a liquid crystal molecule in a driving liquid crystal medium is aligned perpendicular to a substrate when no electric field is applied, a driving liquid crystal layer typified by an IPS mode wherein a liquid crystal molecule in a driving liquid crystal medium is aligned parallel to the substrate when no electric field is applied, and a driving liquid crystal layer that shows optical isotropy when no voltage is applied, a retardation film of a positive A-plate formed of a liquid crystalline polyimide having a photoreactive group is used as at least one layer of the plurality of retardation films.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator imaging system comprises an electrically addressed spatial light modulator (EASLM 4, 30) whose optical image output is projected onto different areas of an optically addressed spatial light modulator (OASLM, 6, 8, 31) in a sequence. The OASLM carries electrodes which allow separate areas to be selectively addressed by application of a voltage whilst receiving light from the EASLM. The combined output from all areas of the OASLM forms a visible image to an observer (11). When illuminated by coherent light the OASLM may produce a holographic image, otherwise incoherent light is used to provide a two dimensional image. The OASLM in one example contains a layer of nematic liquid crystal material between two cell walls both treated with an alignment layer providing low tilt surface alignment that is parallel in opposite direction; the product of layer thickness d and material birefringence ?n approximately equals one quarter of the wavelength ? of read light (12, 37).

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator has a first transparent substrate (1b), a first transparent electrode (2b) formed on the first transparent substrate (1b) and a photosensitive layer (3) formed on the first transparent electrode, formed from materials including hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si:C:H). A read-out light-blocking layer (4) is formed on top of the photosensor layer (3) and is formed from amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H). The high reflectance dielectric multilayer mirror (5) is formed on top of the light-blocking layer (4) and can be made of alternating the a-Si:C:H layers with a higher refractive index and the a-C:H layers with lower reflective index. The modulator also has a second transparent substrate (1a), a second transparent electrode (2a) formed on the second transparent substrate (1a), and a liquid crystal layer (8) disposed between the dielectric mirror (5) and the second transparent electrode (2a).

Abstract: The present invention relates, in one aspect to an image replication system comprising a light guide (2), a light source (8) arranged to direct emitted light into the first end (2a) of a light guide (2), a reflective spatial light modulator (6) and focussing means (16). In a preferred embodiment, the light guide (2) is in the form of an elongate glass rod having first and second parallel polygonal end faces (2a, 2b) which are parallel to the long axis of the rod, the rod having a uniform polygonal cross section along its length. The spatial light modulator (6) is optically coupled to the second end face (2b) of the light guide (2) and the focussing means (16) is arranged to receive light reflected back through the rod from the spatial light modulator (6), whereby to form multiple images of said spatial light modulator in an image plane (18).