Abstract: An apparatus includes an optical wavelength selective switch that includes an optical wavelength separator, a layer of liquid crystal having a two-dimensional array of s electrically operable pixel regions, and an electronic controller connected to individual apply voltages across the pixel regions. The optical wavelength separator is configured to substantially direct individual wavelength ranges of light received at an input optical port to separate lateral areas of said layer of liquid crystal. The electronic controller is configured to apply the voltages such that at least one neighboring pair of the lateral areas have refractive indexes modulated along a first direction and are separated by a guard band of the pixel regions along a different second direction.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an exposure device including: a mask plate, on which a mask pattern is provided; and a first micro lens layer, provided at a light outputting side of the mask plate, wherein the first micro lens layer utilizes light that passes through the mask plate to form a reduced real image of the mask pattern, the real image is located at one side of the first micro lens layer, and the mask plate is located at other side of the first micro lens layer. In the present invention, by utilizing the characteristics of micro lenses, a reduced real image for the mask patter is formed and then projected onto the substrate to be exposed, which effectively increases precision and resolution of exposure and reduces equipment cost and development cost.

Abstract: Provided is a pixel circuit which includes a plurality of subpixel circuits and which makes it possible to suppress overshooting of electric potentials of the subpixel circuits to a small level. A pixel circuit (PIX1) includes a first subpixel circuit (PIXA) and a second subpixel circuit (PIXB). The first subpixel circuit (PIXA) includes a first display element (ClcA), a first node (nA), a first external connection terminal (P1), and a first switching element (T1). The second subpixel circuit (PIXB) includes a second display element (ClcB), a second node (nB), a second external connection terminal (P2), a third external connection terminal (P3), a second switching element (T2), and a third switching element (T3). The first node (nA) and the second node (nB) are connected to each other via a first capacitor (C2).

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of micro-nano fabrication, and provides a projection-type photolithography system using a composite photon sieve. The system comprises: a lighting system, a mask plate, a composite photon sieve and a substrate, which are arranged in order. The lighting system is adapted to generate incident light and irradiate the mask plate with the incident light. The mask plate is adapted to provide an object to be imaged by the composite photon sieve, and the incident light reaches the composite photon sieve after passing through the mask plate. The composite photon sieve is adapted to perform imaging, by which a pattern on the mask plate is imaged on the substrate. The substrate is adapted to receive an image of the pattern on the mask plate imaged by the composite photon sieve.

Abstract: In an array substrate capable of improving the quality of displayed images and a method for manufacturing the array substrate, the array substrate includes a base substrate, a first conductive pattern including a gate line and a first light-blocking pattern, a semiconductor layer overlapping the light-blocking pattern, a second conductive pattern including a data line and a storage line overlapping the first light-blocking pattern, and a pixel electrode overlapping the storage line to form a storage capacitor. The first conductive pattern may further include a second light-blocking pattern overlapping the semiconductor layer which is formed under the data line. The first and second light-blocking patterns block light proceeding toward the semiconductor layer formed under the storage line and under the data line, respectively, so that the semiconductor layer may be prevented from being excited by light energy.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a liquid crystal display apparatus, including: a liquid crystal panel having a display region for displaying an image and having a plurality of pixels disposed in the region; and a pair of first and second polarizing plates provided in an opposing relationship to each other through the display region; the liquid crystal panel including a first substrate, a second substrate opposed in a spaced relationship to the first substrate, and a liquid crystal layer sandwiched by and between the first and second substrates and oriented.

Abstract: In an array substrate capable of improving the quality of displayed images and a method for manufacturing the array substrate, the array substrate includes a base substrate, a first conductive pattern including a gate line and a first light-blocking pattern, a semiconductor layer overlapping the light-blocking pattern, a second conductive pattern including a data line and a storage line overlapping the first light-blocking pattern, and a pixel electrode overlapping the storage line to form a storage capacitor. The first conductive pattern may further include a second light-blocking pattern overlapping the semiconductor layer which is formed under the data line. The first and second light-blocking patterns block light proceeding toward the semiconductor layer formed under the storage line and under the data line, respectively, so that the semiconductor layer may be prevented from being excited by light energy.

Abstract: An optically based transport system and method for transporting particles across a virtual electrode array are disclosed. The system comprises a photoconductor layer where optically induced electrodes are projected thereon through sequential light images in a traveling wave grid pattern in order to transport particles across the virtual electrode array with a traveling wave.

Abstract: The present invention provides a display medium which prevents a decrease in reflectance during storage at high temperatures, and a writing apparatus using the display medium. A photoconductive layer 24, a selective light transmission layer 22, and a liquid crystal layer 20 are laminated between substrates 12 and 14, which have electrodes 16 and 18, respectively, to form a display medium 10. The selective light transmission layer 22 as a color layer is composed of a deionized material. The ion concentration of the selective light transmission layer 22 is controlled to be within a predetermined range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a liquid crystal display device capable of preventing the occurrence of dark currents in photodiodes. Thus, the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal display panel 1 including an active matrix substrate and a backlight 13 for illuminating the liquid crystal display panel. The active matrix substrate 1 includes a photodiode 7 formed by a silicon film and a light shielding film 8 for shielding the photodiode 7 against illumination light from the backlight 13. The photodiode 7 and the light shielding film 8 are provided on a base substrate 5. The light shielding film 8 is formed by a semiconductor or an insulator. Preferably, the photodiode 7 is made of, for example, polycrystalline silicon or continuous grain silicon so as to have a characteristic that its sensitivity increases as the wavelength of light entering the photodiode becomes shorter.

Abstract: A display uses x illuminator systems to produce x primary colors and y overlap colors, which are combinations of primary colors, to illuminate a spatial light modulator in a display system. A first set of n duty cycles for the x primary colors over a frame is provided, wherein the display system can select any one of the duty cycles to produce a desired white point. A second set of n duty cycles of x+y colors over a frame corresponding to the first set of duty cycles is determined, where the second set of duty cycles are generated responsive to a specified desired allocation of the frame to the y overlap colors, such that each of the overlap colors can be displayed from a dark shade to a bright shade while maintaining a constant color point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a patternable coatable electrically conductive layer comprising a fluid-coated electrically conductive material, wherein the fluid-coated electrically conductive material has sufficient conductivity to induce an electric field strong enough to change the optical state of a light modulating material and a display comprising a substrate, at least one patternable coatable electrically conductive layer comprising a fluid-coated electrically conductive material, wherein said fluid coated electrically conductive material has sufficient conductivity to induce an electric field strong enough to change the optical state of a light modulating material which has a first and a second field-switched stable optical state, and an imaging layer comprising said light modulating material disposed over said at least one patternable fluid-coated electrically conductive layer.

Abstract: An “image writing” and “image reading” system and method for providing a pattern to a subject such as a wafer is provided or an image to an image sensor such as CCD. The system includes a pixel panel, such as a digital mirror device or a liquid crystal display or other SLM, for generating for creating a plurality of sub-image array of the pattern in “image writing” case. The pixel elements are simultaneously divided to a sub-image array on the subject by a lens system. The system also includes a stage for moving, stepping or scanning the pixel panel, relative to the subject so that it can create a contiguous whole image on the subject.

Abstract: The present invention presents an exposure device, which includes an object stage on which the object is to be set, at least one aperture member for splitting a light beam from an optical source into first and second light beams, first and second spatial light modulators for spatially modulating the first and second light beams, respectively, first and second projection optical systems for irradiating the object with the first and second light beams, at least one first optical sensor for detecting intensity of the light beam from the optical source, one or more second optical sensors for detecting intensities of the first and second light beams from the first and second projection optical systems, respectively, and a decision section for diagnosing status of a route between the aperture member and the object, based on the results of the first and second sensors.

Abstract: A display device includes a thin film transistor (TFT) substrate, a countering substrate facing the TFT substrate, a sealant, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the TFT substrate and the countering substrate. The TFT substrate includes a substrate having a display area and a peripheral area, a first TFT formed in the peripheral area and including a semiconductor layer and a resistive contact member formed on the semiconductor layer, a light blocking semiconductor pattern, a second TFT formed in the display area and including a gate electrode. The sealant couples the TFT substrate to the countering substrate, and covers the first TFT.

Abstract: A multi-level optical writer for writing an image by illumination to an optical-write-type recording medium laid with a display layer having a memory nature and a photoconductive layer, the optical writer includes: a holding portion holding the optical-write-type recording medium; and a write section for writing a multi-level image to the display layer by illuminating, to the photoconductive layer, image light having optical dots different in size in accordance with a gray level.

Abstract: A method drives a spatial light modulation device to record an image into the device. The device includes first and second light modulation layers. The method includes exposing the device to imagewise light while applying a first voltage between electrodes of the first light modulation layer. If the second light modulation layer has such a characteristic that a curve of an intensity of light, which has the same wavelength as the imagewise light and is applied to the second light modulation layer, versus a reflectivity of the second light modulation layer after finishing applying the light has a local maximum point, an intensity of the imagewise light in the exposing is larger than an intensity, which the curve has at the local maximum point, and in the exposing, the second light modulation layer has a reflectivity lower than a reflectivity, which the curve has at the local maximum point.

Abstract: A recording medium is provided. The recording medium includes: a first display component that is configured by laminating at least a first photoconductive layer, a first display layer and a light blocking layer; and a second display component that is configured by laminating at least a second photoconductive layer and a second display layer. The light blocking layer is disposed between the first photoconductive layer and the first display layer. The second display component is joined together with the first display component such that the second photoconductive layer and the first photoconductive layer are in proximity to each other, and the second display component, in response to irradiation with light for image writing from the second display layer side, displays an image represented by that light for image writing.

Abstract: A display system includes a display arranged to receive an image wise pattern of light to form an image, including, a pair of conductors, at least one conductor being transparent, a layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material disposed between the conductors, the liquid crystal material having multiple stable optical states at zero electrical field, and a light absorber for forming an image wise thermal pattern in the liquid crystal sufficient to change the optical state of the cholesteric liquid crystal in response to an image wise pattern of light; a display writer, including, a light source for producing a flash of light of sufficient intensity to generate sufficient heat in the light absorber to change the optical state of the cholesteric liquid crystal, a mask located between the light source and the display for defining the image wise pattern of light, a display drive connectable to the conductors for generating an electric field between the conductors for changing the optical state of the cholesteric l

Abstract: An optical address type spatial light modulator has a plurality of optical address type light modulation layers stacked on each other, each having a liquid crystal layer for reflecting visible light in a specific wavelength band or a liquid crystal layer for absorbing visible light in a specific wavelength band and coloring and a photoconductive layer for absorbing the visible light in the specific wavelength band and changing the resistance value in response to the light intensity of the visible light absorbed, the liquid crystal layer and the photoconductive layer being stacked on each other between electrodes.

Abstract: An optical device has an electrically insulating first barrier layer disposed over a first electrode layer, a photoconductive layer disposed over the first barrier layer, and a carrier confining layer disposed over the photoconducting layer. The carrier confining layer defines a volume throughout which a plurality of carrier traps are dispersed. Further, an electrically insulating second barrier layer is disposed over the carrier confining layer, a light blocking layer is disposed over the second barrier layer for blocking light of a selected wavelength band. A reflective layer is disposed over the light blocking layer for reflecting light within the selected wavelength band, a birefringent or dispersive layer is disposed over the reflective layer, and an optically transmissive second electrode layer is disposed over the birefringent or dispersive layer. A method is also disclosed, as are additional layers intervening between those detailed above.

Abstract: An optical address type spatial light modulator has a plurality of optical address type light modulation layers stacked on each other, each having a liquid crystal layer for reflecting visible light in a specific wavelength band or a liquid crystal layer for absorbing visible light in a specific wavelength band and coloring and a photoconductive layer for absorbing the visible light in the specific wavelength band and changing the resistance value in response to the light intensity of the visible light absorbed, the liquid crystal layer and the photoconductive layer being stacked on each other between electrodes.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator has a first transparent substrate (1b), a first transparent electrode (2b) formed on the first transparent substrate (1b) and a photosensitive layer (3) formed on the first transparent electrode, formed from materials including hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si:C:H). A read-out light-blocking layer (4) is formed on top of the photosensor layer (3) and is formed from amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H). The high reflectance dielectric multilayer mirror (5) is formed on top of the light-blocking layer (4) and can be made of alternating the a-Si:C:H layers with a higher refractive index and the a-C:H layers with lower reflective index. The modulator also has a second transparent substrate (1a), a second transparent electrode (2a) formed on the second transparent substrate (1a), and a liquid crystal layer (8) disposed between the dielectric mirror (5) and the second transparent electrode (2a).

Abstract: A programmable multiwavelength modelocked laser system. Embodiments of the system can use a computer, gratings, optical spectrum analyzer and SLM(spatial light modulator) inside of a laser cavity to control output amplitudes and phase of each of the wavelength channels of a multiple wavelength laser system. The programmable control allows for wavelength intensity(amplitude) levels of up to approximately 16 channels to be controlled and evened out. An InGaAsP SOA based modelocked multiwavelength ring laser is stabilized using a programmable liquid crystal spatial light modulator in a feedback control loop. The system produces 16 independent modelocked RZ wavelength channels at 10 GHz with 0.44 dB flatness and 25 psec pulses.

Abstract: The present invention, in accordance with one embodiment, provides for a light modulating cell assembly especially suitable as eyewear including a detector and a light blocking arrangement at least partially surrounding a detector for allowing only light from a limited range of ambient directions to directly reaching said detector. In accordance with another embodiment there is a light transmissivity control arrangement including auxiliary means for controlling the state of said light modulating medium.

Abstract: A display sheet having polymer dispersed liquid crystals, includes a substrate and a state changing layer disposed over the substrate and defining first and second surfaces, such state changing layer having the polymer dispersed liquid crystals having first and second optical states, which can change state. The display sheet further includes first and second conductors disposed respectively over first and second surfaces of the state changing layer so that when a field is applied between the first and second conductors, the liquid crystals change state; and a nonconductive, field spreading layer having polymer dispersed sub-micron particles disposed between the state changing layer and the first conductor to provide a change of state in the state changing layer outside of areas between both conductors in response to a field applied between the first and second conductors which changes the state of the liquid crystals.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a method and apparatus utilizing a capping element having a sealing element or gasket which is pushed against the orifice plate of an acoustic ink printhead when capping and filling. This traps a small volume of air around an array of orifices in the orifice plate which prevents ink from exiting the orifices while the printhead is being filled with ink.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator (SLM) providing effects light blocking of even strong incident light without reducing the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and a projector using said SLM, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a thin film transistor-liquid crystal display and a manufacturing method of the same, which allows for repair of opened data lines and prevents shorts between adjacent gate electrodes. An opaque conductive material is deposited on a transparent substrate and patterned to form black matrices. The black matrix formed in each pixel unit is separated from other black matrix units, although, adjacent black matrices may connect through bridges in a column direction. Since the black matrix overlaps portion of the data line, and a portion of the gate line, this overlapped structure prevents backlight and also allows for a laser repair of opened data lines.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a light transmitting substrate where a transparent electrode, a photoconductor layer and a light blocking layer have been formed, a light transmitting substrate which is opposite to the above light transmitting substrate and on which a counter electrode has been formed, and a liquid crystal layer formed by sealing liquid crystal between these light transmitting substrates. The light blocking layer is composed of 4B group alloy mainly containing silicon, such as hydrogenated amorphous silicon germanium or hydrogenated amorphous silicon tin, and it is formed so that a relationship between activation energy Ea and an optical gap Eopt becomes 0<Ea<Eopt/2 or 0<Ea.ltoreq.0.50 eV. As a result, the light blocking layer with gentle temperature properties and high resistance can be obtained. Therefore, it is possible to provide the light blocking layer where a change in conductivity according to a change in temperature is small.

Abstract: A display mechanism is featured which incorporates a scanning laser which is used to address a two dimensional photocell matrix array. This array is coupled directly to a liquid crystal display (LCD) and is used to address pixels on the LCD thus creating a display as addressed by the laser. The image created is on the far side of the scanning laser and remains on the LCD until the charge from the photocells dissipate. A new display is created once again as the scanning laser addresses and illuminates desired photocells. Additional illumination is provided at the front of the display on the same side as the observer, or at the rear on the same side as the laser.

Abstract: A photoconductor coupled liquid crystal light valve comprising at least a pair of transparent electrode, a liquid crystal layer and a photoconductive layer showing blocking properties both sandwiched between said transparent electrodes, wherein said photoconductive layer includes a light absorbing layer and a blocking layer having a band gap wider than said light absorbing layer, both said light absorbing layer and said blocking layer being formed of non-alloy a-Si; and a method for manufacturing said photoconductor coupled light valve wherein said photoconductive layer is prepared with electron cyclotron resonance method.

Abstract: A spatial light modulator having a photoconductor, a matrix of reflectors and a modulating layer is disclosed. The portions of the photoconductor in between the reflectors have a smaller photoconductivity than those portions under the reflectors. The reduced photoconductivity can be made, for example, by doping the photoconductor while using the reflectors as a mask or by illuminating the photoconductor with a light of 360 joules/cm.sup.2. The photoconductor in between the reflectors may be grooved, The photoconductor can be a superlattice photoconductor.

Abstract: A reflective type liquid crystal optically addressed spatial light modulator has a first transparent substrate (1b), a first transparent electrode (2b) formed on the first transparent substrate (1b) and a photosensitive layer (3) formed on the first transparent electrode, formed from materials including hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-Si:C:H). A read-out light-blocking layer (4) is formed on top of the photosensor layer (3) and is formed from amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H). The high reflectance dielectric multilayer mirror (5) is formed on top of the light-blocking layer (4) and can be made of alternating the a-Si:C:H layers with a higher refractive index and the a-C:H layers with lower reflective index. The modulator also has a second transparent substrate (1a), a second transparent electrode (2a) formed on the second transparent substrate (1a), and a liquid crystal layer (8) disposed between the dielectric mirror (5) and the second transparent electrode (2a).