Abstract: An improvement of microfilm camera with a marking device in which an image of a document is photographed on a roll film mounted in a cassette using a slit exposure system and a two-dimensional digital image of a mark is recorded on the roll film. The microfilm camera comprises: an image taking lens for forming the image of the document on the roll film; a mark taking lens having an optical axis inclined in the length side direction of the roll film with respect to that of the image taking lens; and a digital image generator for generating a one-dimensional digital image extending in the width side direction of the roll film and formed by said mark taking lens at or in close vicinity of the image forming position of the image taking lens. The two-dimensional image of the mark is recorded on the film by changing the one-dimensional digital image synchronously with traveling of the film.

Abstract: There is provided a microfilm cassette capable of reducing the case size and obtaining a rational arrangement of elements such as reels and photographic roller. The microfilm cassette includes: a case having a substantially rectangular shape as viewed from the top; a supply reel and a take-up reel mounted inside the case and arranged adjacent to each other horizontally in the length side direction of the case; a photographic opening located around the center of one short side of the case; a photographic roller arranged in a position opposite to the photographic opening; and a shutter for opening and closing the photographic opening. The short side of the cassette case on which the photographic opening is located may be bulged and expanded outwardly around the center of the photographic opening, so that the mark taking lens and the image taking lens can be arranged close to each other.

Abstract: A feeding apparatus has a rotatable feed drum and first and second nip rollers movable into rolling contact with an outer circumferential surface of the feed drum by gravity. The first nip roller is made of a metal, and the second nip roller is made of rubber, so that the first nip roller exerts feeding forces smaller than feeding forces exerted by the second nip roller. A film that is fed by the feed drum in coaction with the first and second nip rollers is reliably prevented from being lifted off the outer circumferential surface of the feed drum.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a device provided with a body with a surface, at least a portion of the surface being provided with a radiation-sensitive layer, after which portions of the radiation-sensitive layer are exposed to radiation through a mask, a first portion of the layer being irradiated directly using a first part of a radiation beam projected through the mask and a second portion of the layer being irradiated indirectly using a second part of the radiation beam projected through the mask and reflected onto the second portion, the radiation beam being substantially collimated.

Abstract: The axial length of a center roller (subroller) (30) is made shorter than the axial length of a main roller (28), and the center roller (30) is placed so that an axis of the center roller (30) is parallel to an axis of the main roller (28) in a base position and so that a nipping pressure is generated in the center position in the axial direction of the main roller (28). A film (sheet) (20) is thereby subjected to a tension in the center portion thereof due to the pulling force of the center roller (30), and the feeding amounts of the film (20) at the left and right portions therefore vary relative to each other. The film (20) thus displaces in the axial direction of the main roller (28) around the center roller (30).

Abstract: A rotating drum recorder includes a rotatable mounted drum having a cylindrical outer surface and an internal cavity adapted to receive a strip of light-sensitive recording material. An exposure gate defines (1) an aperture extending through the cylindrical outer surface of the drum and (2) a radially inwardly-facing media-locating surface. A drive mechanism is adapted to transport a received strip of light-sensitive recording material through the exposure gate internal to the cylindrical outer surface of the drum, whereby centrifical force on the strip of light-sensitive recording material acts to press the strip of light-sensitive recording material against the media-locating surface of the exposure gate as the drum rotates. The exposure source includes a source of a collimated light beam and an electro-optic modulator between the source and the drum surface for varying the intensity of the collimated light beam.

Abstract: A feed apparatus for feeding a film has a pair of presser guide members for pressing a film F against an outer circumferential surface of a feed drum, a pair of upstream and downstream guide plates for guiding the film F, and a moving mechanism for moving a pair of nip rollers toward and away from the feed drum. When the film F is scanned by a light beam, the film F is tautly held against the outer circumferential surface of the feed drum. The moving mechanism has first and second displacing mechanisms actuatable in synchronism with vertical movement of the nip rollers toward and away from the feed drum for displacing the presser guide members and the upstream and downstream guide plates toward and away from the feed drum.

Abstract: An imagesetter of the "internal drum" type for producing an image on a flexible section of photosensitive material. The section of material has a first end, an opposite second end and substantially parallel side edges extending between the first and second ends and delimiting between them the image area of the section. The imagesetter retains the section of material in a substantially cylindrical configuration in such a way as to provide physical contact with the section along the edges and on opposite sides of the line of scan. The scanning mechanism comprises a reflector, arranged to rotate about the central cylindrical axis, for deflecting an axial beam radially outward to the image area.

Abstract: In a document reading apparatus capable of picking up image data of documents from above position thereof, curvature of the documents is detected by measuring the height of the document surface. In accordance with the detected curvature, interpolative and expansional processing to the picked up image data is executed. Distorted image data of the documents due to the curvature is thereby corrected.

Abstract: An adaptive wafer modulator in a photolithography device is described. A focal pattern of a lithographic system is calibrated. Prior to exposing a wafer surface to a selected image pattern, the wafer surface is elastically bent or modulated by actuating a set of adjustable pins supporting the wafer so that the wafer surface being exposed conforms more closely to the calibrated focal pattern of the lithographic system than to the presumed flat focal plane of the lithographic system.

Abstract: An original or a photosensitive film is held by a sheet holder and the sheet holder is fixed to the drum of an image reading scanner or an image recording scanner by a row of hooks planted on the drum. A row of holes corresponding to the row of hooks are formed at each of the opposing ends of the sheet holder. A hook is composed of: a stem, a lever rotatably attached with a pin to the stem, and a plate urged upward by a spring against the bottom of the lever. A plane is formed at a side of the bottom of the lever. First the levers of the hooks are raised upright and the holes of an end of the sheet holder are engaged with the hooks. After surrounding the drum with the sheet holder, the holes at the other end of the sheet holder are engaged with the hooks and the levers are turned to a lying position, where the levers are stable because the plate is urged upward against the side plane of the lever.

Abstract: A thin flexible film is loaded into an interior surface of a hollow image-processing drum by releasably adhering a sheet of the film to a carrier. The carrier is admitted into the drum and positioned in spaced relation to the interior surface of the drum. The upper surface of the carrier is urged to the surface of the drum to place the sheet in residence against the interior surface of the drum. The sheet of film is releasably adhered to the drum and the carrier is removed from the drum. A receptor sheet may be placed within the drum and a donor sheet placed over it in a similar manner.

Abstract: An imagesetter of the "internal drum" type for producing an image on a flexible section of photosensitive material. The section of material has a first end, an opposite second end and substantially parallel side edges extending between the first and second ends and delimiting between them the image area of the section. The imagesetter retains the section of material in a substantially cylindrical configuration in such a way as to provide physical contact with the section along the edges and on opposite sides of the line of scan. The scanning mechanism comprises a reflector, arranged to rotate about the central cylindrical axis, for deflecting an axial beam radially outward to the image area.

Abstract: A method for imaging film with color separations and text which eliminates manual stripping and the use of mylar carriers. Color separation data from a color scanner is stored digitally on a computer. Text is input directly into the computer. The data for the images and text is manipulated digitally to compose a page layout. The computer then instructs an image setter to image the complete, composed page onto four pieces of film in the four color printing colors--cyan, magenta, yellow and black. The imaged film is used to make lithographic printing plates for color printing. The image setter used in the method includes a specially pinned drum having pins corresponding to pins used during imposition. Blank film has prepunched holes corresponding to the pins on the pinned drum so that the imaged film comes off of the drum with images and text in position and register relative to the pin holes. The labor intensive steps of manually stripping film onto mylar carriers is eliminated.

Abstract: A rotatable drum for use in a plotter, or similar device, that provides vacuum for holding the film or other media to the drum's surface, so as to easily accommodate films of various sizes. The drum includes first and second journals and a plate mounted on the circumference of the first and second journals. At least one of the journals has defined on its circumference circumferential channels. The plate has interior and exterior sides, and the first and second journals and a portion of the plate's interior side define a chamber. The plate's exterior side has defined thereon a plurality of grooves. In one embodiment, at least one of the grooves, associated with a first film size, is in fluid communication with the chamber, and some of the remaining grooves, associated with the larger film sizes, are in fluid communication with the channels. A vacuum is supplied to the chamber, and a valve is provided for controlling fluid communication between the channels and the chamber.

Abstract: A three-dimensional photographic technique comprises scanning the outside surface of the three-dimensional surface such as a human subject using a color digitizer which generates spatial and color data relating to the outside surface. The spatial data is used to generate a mold having a concave surface corresponding to the outside surface of the subject. A thin hollow shell of transparent plastics material is molded in the mold to define an outer surface of the shell which corresponds to the outer surface of the subject. The photographic material is applied on the inside surface of the hollow shell and is exposed using an image manipulation system and fiber optic transportation system which extracts the light from a screen and transmit it to a position adjacent the outside surface of the hollow shell to provide the required colored image on the photographic material for display through the transparent material of the hollow shell.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a scanning gate of a photographic film scanning apparatus utilizes a reversible m s , stepping motor, and a system driven by the motor for moving the gate in a pendulum-like manner. The means comprises a shaft, a gear sector fixedly connected on the shaft and a crank arm fixedly connected on the shaft so as to operatively engage the scanning gate, and a worm configured to be driven by the motor. A biasing device is arranged between the gear sector and a chassis of the scanning apparatus to maintain a positive engagement between the worm and the gear sector. Additional biasing devices are connected between the crank arm and the gate to provide for adjustment of the gate about two axes.

Abstract: A chassis for mounting components in a photographic film scanning apparatus cabinet includes a planar base member, and bearing mounts integral with the base member. The mounts sized and configured to hold bearings against which an arcuate wear plate of a gate of the scanning apparatus registers. The gate is configured to move in a pendulum-like manner across the bearings, with an aperture in the planar member for rotatably accommodating a shaft of a drive system for moving the gate in the pendulum-like manner. Mounts integral with the planar base member are provided for holding an optical system of the scanning apparatus. A continuous integral rib is arranged on the rear surface of the planar member is tuned to a higher natural frequency than that of the scanning frequency for vibrationally isolating the planar base member from other components in the cabinet.

Abstract: An arc-segment-shaped gate for a photographic film scanning apparatus has a six inch radius from a pivot shaft of the gate to the outermost surface at which the scanning of the film is to occur. The gate is pivoted around a pivot axis through an optical chassis of the scanning apparatus and is driven by a worm-gear segment arrangement via a reversible electric motor. The gate swings through an arc of approximately 61/2.degree. on each side of a vertical initializing position of the gate and has an aperture at which a frame of the film can be held against the gate by a clamping arrangement which is moved with the gate. The gate of the present invention is that the gate is mounted to be adjusted about a spherical bearing by the use of bearings mounted on eccentric shafts against which a wear plate on the gate is registered. Pins and biasing springs mounted on the gate and the gate system drive allow adjustment of the gate in .THETA. X and .THETA. Z directions for obtaining precise optical alignment.

Abstract: Virtually distortion free large field high resolution imaging is performed using an imaging system which contains large field distortion or field curvature. A reticle is imaged in one direction through the optical system to form an encoded mask. The encoded mask is then imaged back through the imaging system onto a wafer positioned at the reticle position. Particle beams, including electrons, ions and neutral particles, may be used as well as electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: Virtually distortion free large field high resolution imaging is performed using an imaging system which contains large field distortion or field curvature. A reticle is imaged in one direction through the optical system to form an encoded mask. The encoded mask is then imaged back through the imaging system onto a wafer positioned at the reticle position.

Abstract: A scanner is operative with an imaging system for inducing a mechanical movement of a subject during an optical scanning of the subject to provide an image of the subject. The subject which is in the shape of a card is advanced along a travel path past an optical viewing site by means of a drum, the scanner including a first roller and a second roller which urge the subject against the drum. Initially, the first roller is located between the viewing site and the entry port for receipt of the subject in a first nip between the first roller and the drum. The second roller is positioned fixed on the opposite side of the viewing site. The first roller is supported by an arm which swings about a rotational axis of the drum to vary the spacing between the two rollers.

Abstract: A method for producing a three-diemnsional display device comprising the steps of photographing multiple views of a three dimension object, projecting the multiple perspective photographic views of the original object onto a topographically correct surface, and vacuum forming an image to full relief of the original object with all visual information in its correct location and without distortion.

Abstract: A method of eliminating cushion distortion when adjusting reproduction equipment comprising a picture plane, an objective plane, and an original plane. The cushion distortion results optionally from a glass plate being inserted in the path of the rays. The invention is based on the principle that the direction of light is the same irrespective of the direction in which the light moves. By employing this principle a cushion distorted picture can be reproduced as an undistorted picture if an additional glass plate of a suitable thickness is inserted in the path of the rays. The additional glass plate must, however, be situated on the opposite side of the objective. A glass plate supporting the light-sensitive material is not quite plane either which per se can result in a certain degree of cushion distortion. Such a distortion can also be eliminated by the insertion of an additional glass plate in the path of the rays.

Abstract: An original drum and a recording drum are driven independently by individual synchronous motors. Encoders output respective rotation timing pulses (P.sub.a, P.sub.b) at every rotation of the recording drum and the original drum. If an interval separating the timing pulses (P.sub.a, P.sub.b) becomes smaller than a prescribed value, a scanning line deviation control circuit generates a motor control signal (T.sub.b) which interrupts the delivery of electrical power to the faster moving motor for a limited period such as to restore a correct relationship between the timing pulses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for locking the drive hubs of a forms overlay station in a laser electrographic printer to its transparent forms overlay drum includes counterboring a plurality of holes through the drum into the hubs, inserting a resilient member such as an O-ring into each counterbored hole, and compressing the resilient member to form an interference fit among the compressed resilient member and an interface formed within the counterbored hole by the drum and hubs.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing dichroic antenna structures, which makes use of a projector mounted on the mobile arm of a computer-controlled machine to project the shape of selective antenna elements on the surface of an insulating layer, clad with a metallic layer covered in turn with a photographic emulsion. Development and chemical etching of the excess conductive parts are then carried out.

Abstract: A film applying and removing device in a drum type picture scanning recording apparatus is adapted that a photosensitive film is wound onto a rotary drum to be scanned by an exposing head, and comprises a first tray for accommodating a plurality of unexposed films, a film ascending and descending means for ascending the tip end of the film in the tray to contact it with the surface of the drum, a vacuum suctioning means to hold the tip end on the surface of the drum, an inversely rotatable driving means to rotate the drum and guide means for introducing a second tray for receiving exposed films.

Abstract: When directing a slit-like image information light to an imaging lens through a condensing lens, the refractive power of the condensing lens is made to differ between the lengthwise direction and the slit width direction of the slit light beam, whereby the light is effectively received without the read image being deteriorated. Also, when a convergent light transmitting member array is used as the imaging lens, the refractive power of the condensing lens is made to differ between the lengthwise direction of the array and a direction orthogonal to the lengthwise direction of the array, whereby the light is effectively received without the read image being deteriorated.

Abstract: A device is disclosed for printing on blanks which are intended for swaging, to obtain a predeformed image on the blanks which, following swaging, will reconstitute the original image. The device comprises a light source (2), a toric prism (4) and a camera (8) having a common optical axis (12). The angle of the toric prism is smaller than 42.05.degree., and the surface (11) of the prism facing the camera (8) forms a linearity correction lens.

Abstract: Photosensitive sheet handling apparatus and method for phototypesetters. Accurate control of the lateral positioning of the sheet (i.e., film) is provided by the use of tapered drive rolls. The apparatus includes an input cassette, a film input drive assembly comprised of tapered pinch rollers and a lateral film edge locating stop, a slightly tapered vacuum film drive drum having a collar or flange on one side in accurate alignment with the edge locating stop of the pinch rollers, a motor operated output drive assembly also comprised of tapered pinch rollers and a film edge locating stop in accurate alignment with the drum flange, and a periodically operated film winding mechanism located within an output cassette. The tapered rolls urge one edge of the film against the flange of the drum and stops of the pinch rollers to maintain accurate alignment. Chambers are provided for receiving loops of film at the input and output sides of the drum.

Abstract: This specification discloses an optical scanning device in a copying machine or the like of the slit exposure scanning type in which two scanning mirrors are disposed in an optical path between an image forming element and a photosensitive surface which is the image plane and during the slit scanning, an original surface which is the object surface and the image forming element are fixed, characterized in that the two scanning mirrors are moved along the quadratic curve-like loci of the optical reflection point or straight line-like loci approximate thereto, whereby the scanning mirrors are made compact.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for manufacturing a seamless printing roll. A liquid photosensitive resin is applied to the space between a process cylinder and a rigid plate which is transparent to actinic light. Relative movement is provided between the cylinder and the plate perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder, while the cylinder is rotated in synchronization with the relative movement of the rigid plate to evenly spread the photosensitive resin. The photo-sensitive resin is simultaneously exposed in the space between the cylinder and rigid plate.

Abstract: A process is provided for making a relief printing form which is at least partially cylindrical from a liquid photopolymerizable molding material. In accordance with the process, a molding material is spread over the internal surface of the cylindrical wall by centrifugal force and hardened in the desired places with ultraviolet light to form an image corresponding to a printing design. The nonhardened portions of the molding material are then removed. The cylindrical wall is a transparent cylindrical tube. An exchangeable image-bearing film is placed on the inside of the tube.Photopolymerizing radiation of the printing form material is effected during rotation of the transparent cylindrial tube. An exchangeable image-bearing film is placed on the inside of the tube. Photopolymerizing radiation of the printing form material is effected during rotation of the transparent cylinder by means of one or more radiation sources distributed around the circumference of the transparent cylinder.

Abstract: A scan mechanism for a microfilm reader/printer couples the stationary image of a microfilm reader to a rotating drum of a printer and maintains a conjugate length of a slit image path fixed and also maintains the angle of the slit image path normal to the axis of the stationary image path across the entire format.

Abstract: A method for preparing distortion-compensated images on film reticles for e in a plural optical projector readout unit. An oversized matrix of the images is prepared with each legend proportionately positioned in the field of view corresponding to one of the plural optical projectors. A very short focal length lens having one surface flat and the other convex is placed over the matrix with the flat surface adjacent thereto. The images, distorted through the lens, is photographed to produce a film reticle in a size suitable for use in the readout unit. The spherical aberration induced by the lens closely approximates the barrel distortion from the off-axis projection and magnification in the readout unit. In this manner, the image projected on the screen from the film reticle proportionately corresponds to the images in the matrix.

Abstract: Skin ridge pattern recording apparatus for obtaining and recording skin ridge patterns. A cylindrical transparent element is provided with a central cylindrical bore which, reflects internally. The finger is placed in the bore for producing the skin ridge patterns. The cylindrical element is mounted on a vertical column or post upstanding from a platform which carries a light source projecting a beam of light to the cylindrical element. The light source and a sensitive camera film are carried on a platform which is rotatable with respect to the cylindrical element in which the finger is inserted. The film plane of the camera remains in a fixed relationship with respect to the reflected light from the light source, the angle of incidence being determined by the position of the light source relative to the cylindrical element. The platform is motor driven so that the light source and the film plane of the camera rotate around the cylindrical element to produce the recordation of the skin ridge pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed is a sheet conveying mechanism for an original to be reproduced in a reproducing apparatus, comprising means, including a rotatable drum having an air-permeable circumferential shell surface, for supporting the original; non-rotatable means disposed within the drum for dividing the space within the drum and the circumferential shell surface of the drum into three separate regions; means associated with the drum for selectively producing positive and negative pressure within each of the separate drum regions; means for exposing and scanning the original, positioned adjacent a first one of said separate drum regions; means, associated with the drum and being responsive to movement of the original around the drum, for controlling the pressure-producing means; and first and second means, cooperating with the drum and located adjacent the circumferential shell surface of the drum in the area of a second one of the separate drum regions, for transporting the original around the drum.

Abstract: An electrostatic or xerographic copying apparatus having a transparent support on which an original is placed face down so as to be copied through the support has a first arrangement capable of holding first members which form with one another a gap, and a second arrangement capable of holding an original which overlies the first members so that portions of its face are visible through this gap. An arrangement is provided for shifting the second arrangement relative to the first arrangement so that different increments of the original can be exposed in the gap.

Abstract: A method of producing a distorted artwork image printed on flat stock material which when deep drawn to the desired shape stretches the distorted artwork image to provide the desired artwork image on the finished article in which the original artwork can be an original picture or photograph on opaque material. The original artwork is formed into a closed cylinder with the artwork on the inner walls and photographed as reflected from the cylinder by a generally conically shaped mirror arranged co-axially with the cylinder so that a distorted artwork image can be produced which will extend over the whole area of the flat stock material to be subsequently deep drawn.