Abstract: A measurement system includes semiconductor light sources generating an input beam, optical amplifiers receiving the input beam and delivering an intermediate beam, and fused silica fibers with core diameters less than 400 microns receiving and delivering the intermediate beam to the fibers forming a first optical beam. A nonlinear element receives the first optical beam and broadens the spectrum to at least 10 nm through a nonlinear effect to form the output optical beam which includes a near-infrared wavelength of 700-2500 nm. A measurement apparatus is configured to receive the output optical beam and deliver it to a sample to generate a spectroscopy output beam. A receiver receives the spectroscopy output beam having a bandwidth of at least 10 nm and processes the beam to generate an output signal, wherein the light source and the receiver are remote from the sample, and wherein the sample comprises plastics or food industry goods.

Abstract: A measuring device for reflection measurements of test objects includes a transmitter for emitting radiation, a first collimation element for aligning the emitted radiation, a first focusing element for focusing emitted radiation in relation to the test object, and a receiver for detecting radiation reflected by the test object. There is a second collimation element for aligning the reflected radiation, and a second focusing element for focusing the reflected radiation in relation to the receiver. At least two of the first and second collimation elements and first and second focusing elements are separate from each other. Thus, a simple and flexible design of the measuring device is achieved, which can be adapted to the test object.

Abstract: Optical computing devices including a light source that emits electromagnetic radiation into an optical train that extends from the light source to a detector, a substance arranged in the optical train and configured to optically interact with the electromagnetic radiation and produce sample interacted radiation, an integrated computational element (ICE) array arranged in the optical train and including a plurality of ICE cores arranged on a substrate, and a variable weighting array arranged in the optical train and including a plurality of weighting devices arranged on a weighting substrate, the plurality of weighting devices being configured to optically apply corresponding weighting factors to beams of modified electromagnetic radiation prior to being received by the detector, wherein the detector generates an output signal indicative of a characteristic of the substance based on the plurality of beams of modified electromagnetic radiation.

Abstract: This invention discloses a compact laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) apparatus suitable for field operations. The LIBS apparatus comprises a Q-switched laser with laser pulse energy between several tens and several thousands of micro joules (?J), which is significantly lower than that of traditional LIBS lasers. The spectrograph of the LIBS apparatus employs a dual CCD (charge coupled device) design, which maintains compact size and in the meantime offers large spectral coverage and high spectral resolution.

Abstract: A method for determining the moisture content of at least one resin layer provided on at least one wooden board as carrier board, wherein between the at least one resin layer and the carrier board an NIR reflecting layer is provided, including recording of at least one NIR spectrum of the at least one resin layer provided on the at least one carrier board using a NIR detector in a wavelength range between 500 nm an 2500 nm; determining the moisture content of the resin layer by comparing the NIR spectrum recorded for the resin layer to be measured with at least one NIR spectrum recorded for at least one reference sample with known moisture content by means of a multivariate data analysis, wherein the at least one NIR spectrum recorded was determined previously using the same NIR detector in a wavelength range between 500 nm and 2500 nm.

Abstract: A wearable device for use with a smart phone or tablet includes a measurement device having a plurality of LEDs generating a near-infrared input optical beam that measures physiological parameters. The measurement device includes lenses configured to receive and to deliver the input beam to skin which reflects the beam. The measurement device includes a reflective surface configured to receive and redirect the light from the skin, and a receiver configured to receive the reflected beam. The light source is configured to increase a signal-to-noise ratio of the input beam reflected from the skin by increasing the light intensity from the LEDs and modulation of the LEDs. The measurement device is configured to generate an output signal representing a non-invasive measurement on blood contained within the skin. The wearable device is configured to wirelessly communicate with the smart phone or tablet which receives and processes the output signal.

Abstract: Methods and algorithms are provided, as well as new metrics for misalignment of apertures with respect to the optical axis of a metrology system. The methods comprise aligning aperture(s) to an optical axis of a scatterometry metrology tool using correction term(s) derived by minimizing an overlay variation measure calculated with respect to overlay measurements of a periodic structure. These methods result in highly sensitive misalignment metrics, which may be used in calibration stages or on the fly to align the system's apertures, and enable reducing target size due to the resulting enhanced alignment accuracy.

Abstract: Devices for reflectance spectroscopy, processes of assembling devices for reflectance spectroscopy, and health care processes of using reflectance optical spectroscopy devices are disclosed. The devices include a light source arranged and disposed to apply broadband light to sample, and a light-receiving feature configured to receive reflected light produced by the applying of the broadband light to the sample. The light-receiving feature is arranged and disposed to direct the reflected light to an optical detection system and isolate the reflected light from the broadband light. The optical detection system is capable of differentiating individual frequencies of the reflected light. The processes of assembling include removably positioning the devices on electronic devices. The health care processes include positioning the devices.

Abstract: A method for determining property values of fuels may include using spectral data collected from one or more other fuels or fuel components. The method may include construction of spectral data representative of a fuel by weighting spectral data for another fuel and spectral data for one or more fuel components.

Abstract: An ophthalmic visualization system can include a computing device in communication with an OCT system configured to scan a surgical field to generate an OCT image. The computing device can be configured to determine locations within the surgical field corresponding to locations within the OCT image. The ophthalmic visualization system can also include an indicator mechanism in communication with the computing device and a surgical microscope configured to image the surgical field. The indicator mechanism can be configured to cause a location indicator to be positioned within a field of view of the surgical microscope. The location indicator can graphically represent the locations within the surgical field corresponding to the locations within the OCT image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing one or more elements of targeted moving snack food surfaces uses laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy to detect the presence, absence, or amount of an element on a heterogeneous surface, including seasoned and ready-to-eat snack foods. A laser is used to quantify the element concentration without destroying the targeted sample. An automated on-line system may be integrated into the method to create a closed-loop feedback control system, adjusting the concentration as desired.

Abstract: Light of at least two wavelengths is collimated in a forward path towards a reflector and light of at least one of the wavelengths is focused and detected in a return path, using in both paths a lens unit including a first convex surface and a second surface. A diffraction element diffracts the collimated light of the at least two wavelengths into different wavelength components. The reflector is moved so that one or more of the different wavelength components will be focused by the lens unit in the return path and detected. The second surface reflects the light of the at least two wavelengths from an input port towards the first convex surface and the first convex surface collimates the reflected light of the at least two wavelengths in the forward path, or the first convex surface focuses the one or more wavelength components towards the second surface that reflects the one or more wavelength components to an output port in the return path.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods facilitate analyzing, identifying and sorting particles in fluids, including cytometry devices and techniques. The described techniques can be used in a variety of applications such as in chemical or biological testing and diagnostic measurements. One exemplary flow cytometry device includes a channel that is capable of conducting a fluid containing at least one particle and also capable of allowing light be transmitted to and from the channel. The flow cytometry device also includes a lens that is positioned between the channel and a color filter. The lens directs at least a portion of light transmitted from the channel to the color filter. The color filter includes a plurality of zones, where each zone is adapted to allow transmission of only a particular spectral range of light. The flow cytometry device further includes a detector configured to receive the light that is transmitted through the color filter.

Abstract: An ellipsometry system and a detection unit thereof are capable of achieving miniaturization and price reduction associated therewith. The ellipsometry system includes the detection unit that: has an optical polarization element; separates an interference polarization beam obtained by causing the object-reflected polarization beam and reference reflected polarization beam to interfere with each other into a plurality of interference polarization beams on a wavelength basis; and detects the respective separated polarization components in each wavelength.

Abstract: A method for detecting a crystal defect in a silicon single crystal wafer doped with nitrogen, the silicon single crystal wafer whose initial oxygen concentration is 8 ppma (JEIDA) or lower. The method further includes the steps of: making a crystal defect of defect size of 25 nm or smaller apparent and detectable by implanting oxygen into the crystal defect by performing heat treatment on the silicon single crystal wafer in an oxygen atmosphere; and detecting the crystal defect of the silicon single crystal wafer after the heat treatment temperature is set such that, when the ratio between the oxygen solid solubility and the initial oxygen concentration of the silicon single crystal wafer heat treatment is set at ?=the oxygen solid solubility/the initial oxygen concentration, ? falls within a range from 1 to 3.

Abstract: A confocal chromatic device is provided for inspecting the surface of an object such as a wafer, including a plurality of optical measurement channels with collection apertures arranged for collecting the light reflected by the object through a chromatic lens at a plurality of measurement points, and a magnifying lens arranged for introducing a variable or changeable scaling factor between the spatial repartition of the collection apertures and the measurement points. A method is also provided for inspecting the surface of an object such as a wafer including tridimensional structures.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of large area lighting, such as lighting for sport venues. More specifically, some embodiments of the present invention relate to controlling solid state illumination for various applications including sports lighting, architectural lighting, security lighting, parking, general area, interior, larger area and others. Embodiments according to aspects of the current invention monitor lighting circuits with regard to voltage and current, compare readings with stored models, characterize lighting circuits with regard to stored models for voltage and current, and control lighting circuits in accordance with desirable outcomes.

Abstract: Featured are a device (20) and method for the detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals and/or packaging therefore. Counterfeit pharmaceuticals are detected by visual inspection upon exposing a suspected counterfeit pharmaceutical to one or more light sources having different wavelengths, and observing the differences in color and/or brightness between the suspected counterfeit and a genuine pharmaceutical/packaging. In further embodiments, a image acquisition device acquires an image showing color and/or other visual effect(s) brightness of the suspect counterfeit and this image is compared to an image of a authentic pharmaceutical/packaging.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus configured to process a tomographic image indicating the polarization state of a subject, includes an acquisition unit configured to acquire a plurality of the tomographic images imaged at different times, an extraction unit configured to extract each depolarized area from the plurality of the tomographic images, and a display control unit configured to display information about each depolarized area on a display unit with the information associated with each other.

Abstract: A wavelength selector (5) selects a wavelength of a broadband light source (4). A light director (BS1, BS2) directs light from the wavelength selector along a measurement path towards a region of a sample surface and along a reference path towards a reference surface, such that light reflected by the region of the sample surface and light reflected by the reference surface interfere to produce an interferogram. A controller (20) controls the wavelength selector to change the wavelength selected by the wavelength selector. A recorder (63) records successive images, each image representing the interferogram produced by a respective one of the wavelengths selected by the wavelength selector. A data processor (18, 180) processes the recorded images to produce at least one of a surface profile and a surface height map of at least a part of the sample surface. The reference path may be controlled to compensate for environmental effects such as vibration, thermal effects and air turbulence.

Abstract: The present invention provides systems and methods for analyzing the excitation spectra of fluorescent particles in a flowing stream. The system uses a white light laser and color separation optics to provide a spatially-distributed, continuous color-spectrum excitation light system that is used to illuminate a region of a flowing stream. A particle that passes through the detection region traverses the full dispersed spectrum of excitation light, and the fluorescence emissions from the particle are continuously measured as it passes through the detection region. The measured fluorescence emissions at each wavelength of excitation light, which changes through full spectrum of the excitation light as the particle passes through the detection region, provides the excitation spectrum of the particle.

Abstract: An analysis apparatus includes an electric field enhancing element including a metallic layer, a transmissive layer on the metallic layer and transmitting excitation light, and metallic particles on the transmissive layer with first and second pitches in first and second directions; a light source irradiating the element with first direction linearly polarized light, second direction linearly polarized light, and/or circularly polarized light as the excitation light; and a detector detecting light from the element. The pitches are selected relative to the pitch of a diffraction grating. The thickness of the transmissive layer is selected relative to the wavelength of the excitation light.

Abstract: A compact wavelength dispersing device and a wavelength selective optical switch based on the wavelength dispersing device is described. The wavelength dispersing device has a folding mirror that folds the optical path at least three times. A focal length of a focusing coupler of the device is reduced and the NA is increased, while the increased optical aberrations are mitigated by using an optional coma-compensating wedge. A double-pass arrangement for a transmission diffraction grating allows further focal length and overall size reduction due to increased angular dispersion.

Abstract: A subject observation apparatus of the invention includes: a light-emitting section for emitting a light to a subject; an optical modulation section for detecting a scattering angle of a return light from the subject and performing optical modulation on the return light in accordance with the scattering angle; and a signal output section for generating a signal to show a state of light scattering in the subject based on the light subjected to the optical modulation by the optical modulation section, and outputting the generated signal.

Abstract: A gas absorption spectroscopy system and method are provided. A sealed chamber is provided with a reference gas having a known moisture concentration. An illumination source is disposed in the sealed chamber and is configured to generate an illumination beam. A measurement cell is coupled to the sealed chamber and is configured for exposure to a gas sample such that illumination travelling through the measurement cell passes through the gas sample. A process window is disposed between the sealed chamber and the measurement cell. The process window is configured to receive the illumination beam from the illumination source and reflect a first portion of illumination while allowing a second portion of illumination to pass into the measurement cell. A reference detector is disposed to receive the first portion of illumination and provide a reference detector signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus to perform frequency comb spectroscopy.

Abstract: A cleaning equipment of sample bottle for chromatography analysis comprising: a base; a support frame vertically fixed to the base; a horizontal column having two ends, wherein one of the ends is disposed at the support frame through an adjustment knob; a rotary drive device fixed to the other end of the horizontal columns; a rotation disk which can rotate through driving of the rotary drive device, and a side edge of the rotation disk provides with multiple placing holes for receiving and fixing sample bottles; a cleaning agent recycling tank disposed below the rotation disk, wherein a side wall of it provides with an ejector pipe connected with a water pump; and a control unit for controlling on/off and rotation speed of the rotary drive device, and on/off of the water pump. The invention also provides a cleaning method of sample bottle for chromatography analysis.

Abstract: A compact microplate imaging system, including: a tunable light source; a lens ensemble to collimate the light source onto the microplate and to transmit light that is reflected from the microplate; a beam splitter to divert a portion of the reflected light; an imaging lens to collect diverted light and to produce an optical image of the at least one sensor of the microplate; and an image sensor for receiving the optical image of the at least one sensor of the microplate. A method for interrogating a sensor using the compact microplate imaging system, as further defined herein, is also disclosed.

Abstract: Gloss-based material classification of an object fabricated from an unknown material, particularly where the unknown material is one from a limited set of predetermined materials. The object is illuminated with an area light source such that the object is illuminated from multiple angles. An image of the object is obtained, and specular reflections from the object are measured by analyzing the image. The object material is classified based on a number of high-intensity specular reflections.

Abstract: A sensor chip includes a substrate, a relief structure composed of protruding sections formed so as to be arranged on a surface of the substrate to have a lattice shape and a recessed section between the protruding sections, and fine metal particles arranged along upper ridge lines of the respective protruding sections of the relief structure, the protruding sections being adjacent to each other, having a minute gap with which the surface plasmon resonance occurs. By irradiating the gap between the fine metal particles with a laser beam, the localized surface plasmon resonance occurs more efficiently. As a result, the sensor chip capable of taking out the surface enhanced Raman scattering to thereby detect the substance with high sensitivity can be realized.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a measurement associated with a cloud point of a biofuel being produced in a refining system. The method also includes determining how to adjust the refining system based on a desired cloud point of the biofuel and the measurement associated with the cloud point. The method further includes outputting a control signal to adjust the refining system based on the determination. Determining how to adjust the refining system could include determining how to adjust an inlet temperature of a reactor in the refining system. The reactor could represent an isomerization reactor, and a heater could heat material entering the isomerization reactor. Determining how to adjust the inlet temperature of the reactor could include determining how to adjust operation of the heater. A model predictive control (MPC) technique could be used to determine how to adjust the inlet temperature of the isomerization reactor.

Abstract: In the event of a suspected abnormality in the device, sample or reagent, a laboratory technician had to examine the abnormal reaction process data item by item, and infer the cause of the abnormality, which took effort and time in some cases. Abnormality judgment is assisted using: indicator computation means that computes an indicator indicating a feature parameter of a given waveform by applying a pre-defined evaluation formula to time series data of photometric values; relative indicator computation means that computes a value indicating a relationship of the indicator of target data to the indicator computed in the past; and indicator display means that simultaneously displays a value computed by the indicator computation means and the value computed by the relative indicator computation means.

Abstract: Spectroscopy systems and methods of comb-based spectroscopy are provided. A light source generates light corresponding to a frequency comb. A prism cavity is optically coupled to the light source. The prism cavity receives the generated light and produces first and second output light. The first output light is associated with reflection of the received light within the prism cavity. The second output light is associated with transmission of the received light through a prism of the prism cavity. A coupling system is coupled to the light source and the prism cavity. The coupling system adjusts a characteristic of at least one of the light source or the prism cavity, based on at least one of the first output light and the second output light. The characteristic is adjusted to increase optical coupling between the light source and the prism cavity and to compensate for a dispersion of the prism cavity.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus irradiates an object with light and reads an image on or of the object. The image reading apparatus includes a table on which the object is placed, a planar light source configured to emit light to the object, a range-finding section configured to measure a distance between the table and the object, and a control section configured to cause the planar light source to entirely or partially emit light. The control section controls a light emitting portion of the planar light source thereby to control a light collection spot for the planar light source to a position based on a measurement value obtained by the range-finding section.

Abstract: Featured is a method for reducing frequency of taking background spectra in FTIR or FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Such a method includes determining if there is a pre-existing reference spectrum available and if such a reference spectrum is available, acquiring a present reference scan before acquiring a sample scan. The method also includes comparing the present reference scan with the pre-existing reference spectrum to determine if there is one or more non-conformities therebetween and if there is/are one or more nonconformities, determining if the one or more non-conformities are resolvable or not. If the one or more non-conformities are resolvable; resolve each non-conformity in a determined manner and thereafter acquiring a scan of the sample, and if the non-conformities are not resolvable, then acquiring a new reference sample and thereafter acquiring a scan of the sample.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method includes receiving a container image including container content characteristic information. The illustrative method further includes analyzing the container content characteristic information and determining the identity of the container contents based on the container characteristic information. Also, the method includes transmitting container content identity information for printing a bar code relating to the container content identity information. The method additionally includes generating a bar code based on the container content identity information. The illustrative method also includes printing a label including the bar code relating to at least the container content identity information.

Abstract: A gas detector including a planar mirror; a concave spherical mirror facing the planar mirror, having an optical axis orthogonal to the planar mirror, the distance between the planar and spherical being equal to 0.75 times the radius of curvature of the spherical mirror, to within 10%; a radiation emitter/receiver arranged at the point of intersection of the spherical mirror and of the optical axis; and a radiation receiver/emitter arranged at the point of intersection of the planar mirror and of the optical axis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a head (500) for a sensor comprising two sections of optical fiber enabling the propagation of infrared light having at least one infrared wavelength and generating evanescent waves toward the outside in order to detect infrared signatures of an external medium, said head (500) comprising: an optical fiber forming a curved portion (15) for connecting the two sections of fiber, and for coming into contact with the external medium so as to detect the infrared signatures interfering with the propagation of the evanescent waves propagating along the fiber, and means (504, 506) for protecting the curved portion (15) against external mechanical stress, while ensuring that a contact area (30) exists between the external medium and said curved portion (15).

Abstract: The present invention enables high-speed and high-precision correction of a ghost detected in a spectrum measuring apparatus. A ghost is detected from spectrum data of reference light measured by the apparatus, and for each wavelength of input light, a light amount ratio ? of the input light to the corresponding ghost, as well as a shift amount di indicative of a wavelength difference between the input light and the corresponding ghost are acquired. For each spectrum wavelength of the measured light, wavelength shifting for the corresponding shift amount di and multiplication of the light amount ratio (or intensity ratio) ? are performed for estimating the ghost. By removing the estimated ghost from the measured light, it is possible to realize high-precision ghost correction with a reduced amount of calculation and a reduced amount of memory.

Abstract: In a color imaging system, multiple rendering devices are provided at different nodes along a network. Each rendering device has a color measurement instrument for calibrating the color presented by the rendering device. A rendering device may be a printer in which the measuring of color samples on a sheet rendered by the printer is provided by a sensor coupled to a transport mechanism which moves the sensor and sheet relative to each other, where the sensor provides light from the samples to a spectrograph. A rendering device may also be a display having a member supporting a color measuring instrument for receiving light from an area of the screen. The color measuring instruments provide for non-contact measurements of color samples rendered on a display or a sheet, and are self-calibrating by the use of calibration references.

Abstract: A tunable laser source that includes multiple gain elements and uses a spatial light modulator in an external cavity to produce spectrally tunable output is claimed. Several designs of the external cavity are described, targeting different performance characteristics and different manufacturing costs for the device. Compared to existing devices, the tunable laser source produces high output power, wide tuning range, fast tuning rate, and high spectral resolution.

Abstract: A lighting device that emits illumination light from two or more angular directions onto a sample surface to be measured, an imaging optical lens, and a monochrome two-dimensional image sensor are provided. This configuration provides a method and an apparatus that take a two-dimensional image of the sample surface to be measured at each measurement wavelength and accurately measure multi-angle and spectral information on each of all pixels in the two-dimensional image in a short time. In particular, a multi-angle spectral imaging measurement method and apparatus that have improved accuracy and usefulness are provided.

Abstract: An optical spectroscopy device includes a first cladding layer is positioned over a photodetector. An optical core region is over the first cladding layer where the optical core region is configured to receive a light beam. The optical core region includes a first grating having a first pitch where the first pitch is positioned to direct a first wavelength of the light beam to a first portion of the photodetector. The optical core region further includes a second grating having a second pitch where the second grating is positioned to direct a second wavelength of the light beam to a second portion of the photodetector. The first pitch is different from the second pitch, the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength, and the first portion of the photodetector is different from the second portion of the photodetector. Additionally, a second cladding layer is over the optical core region.

Abstract: The light measurement apparatus according to the present invention includes: an integrating sphere; a reference calibration light source body holding unit that is arranged on the integrating sphere and to which a reference calibration light source body is attached; a test light source body holding unit that is arranged on the integrating sphere and to which a test light source body to be measured is attached; a light detection unit that is arranged on the integrating sphere and detects light from the reference calibration light source body and the test light source body; and a control unit that controls lighting of the reference calibration light source body and the test light source body, the light measurement apparatus being configured so that only either one of the reference calibration light source body and the test light source body is able to selectively emit light in the integrating sphere.

Abstract: A multi-channel gas correlation sensor and sensing method are provided. A spectral partitioning filter at the sensor's aperture or a pupil image thereof partitions a beam of light energy into unique spectral regions. Each spectral region is confined to a unique spatial region of the beam and passes light energy associated with a unique spectral band. The spectrally-partitioned beam undergoes a single split into two beams traversing a first path and a second path, respectively. Each of at least one gas of interest is disposed in only one of the first path and second path. Each gas at least partially absorbs/filters the light energy in at least one of the spectral regions. A detector is positioned such that each of the two beams form a pupil image on a unique portion of the detector after they traverse the first path and second path.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for spectral imaging an object or scene 2. A first image 2a of the object or scene 2 is projected on a spatial modulator 6 and divided into a plurality of first image segments 2a? modulated with a respective plurality of modulation frequencies f1-fN. A spectrally resolved second image segment 2b? of each first image segment 2a? is projected onto a sensor 4 forming a second image 2b in such a way that overlapping spectral components ? of different second image segments 2b? on the sensor 4 originating from different first image segments 2a? have distinct modulation frequencies f1-fN. The projected second image segments 2b? are read out from the sensor 4 and demodulated according to the distinct modulation frequencies f1-fN. In this way projected second image segments 2b? overlapping on the sensor 4 may be distinguished on the basis of the distinct modulation frequencies f1-fN.

Abstract: A method and a device for the automatic determination of selected physical and colloidal chemistry parameters by determining the attenuation of radiated waves through monodisperse or polydisperse dispersion samples subjected to gravitation or centrifugation, wherein during the segregation by means of centrifugation or gravitation, the instantaneous transmission IT(t, r) characterizing the current segregation status of the waves radiated with the intensity Io(t, r) and/or the instantaneous scattering IS(t, r) as a function of the position within the samples is repeatedly determined and recorded at high resolution at any arbitrary time for one or more wavelengths over the entire length of the sample or in selected partial sections of it, simultaneously for multiple and even concentrated samples with known and/or unknown physical and colloidal chemistry properties.

Abstract: A transportable goniospectrometer with a constant observation center for a radiometric measurement of the reflection of a natural surface includes a spectrometer having an optical unit and a sensor. A main pillar has a lower and an upper pillar end. An arc has a fixed and a free arc end. A slide is disposed displaceably and fixably along the arc. The slide carries the optical unit orientated towards the observation center. A cantilever has a fixed cantilever end connected to the upper pillar end via a screw connection, and a free cantilever end which has a suspension that is rotatable and fixable about a vertical axis. The suspension is connected to the sensor and to the fixed arc end of the arc. The suspension is configured to position the arc at a distance of the arc radius of the arc above the natural surface.

Abstract: A system and method of dynamically localizing a measurement of parameter characterizing tissue sample with waves produced by spectrometric system at multiple wavelengths and detected at a fixed location of the detector of the system. The parameter is calculated based on impulse response of the sample, reference data representing characteristics of material components of the sample, and path lengths through the sample corresponding to different wavelengths. Dynamic localization is effectuated by considering different portions of a curve representing the determined parameter, and provides for the formation of a spatial map of distribution of the parameter across the sample. Additional measurement of impulse response at multiple detectors facilitates determination of change of the measured parameter across the sample as a function of time.

Abstract: Optical computing devices are disclosed. One optical computing device includes an electromagnetic radiation source that emits electromagnetic radiation into an optical train to optically interact with a sample and at least one integrated computational element, the sample being configured to generate optically interacted radiation. A sampling window is arranged adjacent the sample and configured to allow transmission of the electromagnetic radiation therethrough and has one or more surfaces that generate one or more stray signals. A first focal lens is arranged to receive the optically interacted radiation and the one or more stray signals and generate a primary focal point from the optically interacted radiation. A structural element defines a spatial aperture aligned with the primary focal point such that the optically interacted radiation is able to pass therethrough while transmission of the one or more stray signals is substantially blocked by the structural element.