Abstract: In the present invention, by providing a hologram displaying apparatus including a light source configured to emit input light, a spatial light modulator configured to modulate the input light into diffracted light, and a plurality of noise filtering elements configured to remove optical noise components from the diffracted light modulated by the spatial light modulator, and display a hologram, an optical path of a light source for displaying the hologram can be drastically reduced while effectively performing spatial filtering.

Abstract: A Light Adjustable Lens (LAL) Tracker comprises an Imaging System, for creating a LAL image by imaging a LAL implanted into an eye; and an Image Recognition System, coupled to the Imaging System, for determining a disk cross-correlator with the LAL image; determining an edge cross-correlator with the LAL image; and determining a LAL position by determining a combined cross-correlator from the disk cross-correlator and the edge cross-correlator. A Tracking-based Illumination Control System comprises the LAL Tracker for tracking a LAL implanted in an eye, including an Imaging System, and an Image Recognition System; and an Illumination Controller, coupled to the LAL Tracker, configured for determining a LAL misalignment factor, corresponding to a LAL misalignment that characterizes a misalignment of the LAL position with a LAL illumination pattern, and generating an illumination control signal in relation to the determined LAL misalignment factor.

Abstract: A method includes providing light from a light source and separating the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The method also includes transmitting the first portion of the light through a first set of optical elements to provide a first wide-field beam, transmitting the second portion of the light through a second set of optical elements to provide a second wide-field beam that is spatially separated from the first wide-field beam, and transmitting the second wide-field beam through a third set of optical elements to provide a plurality of separate light patterns. The method further includes concurrently projecting the first wide-field beam and the plurality of separate light patterns onto an optically recordable medium to form a holographic medium.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and systems for printing a three-dimensional (3D) material. In some examples, a method for printing a 3D biological material comprises providing a media chamber comprising a medium comprising (i) a plurality of cells and (ii) one or more polymer precursors. Next, at least one energy beam may be directed to the medium in the media chamber along at least one energy beam path that is patterned into a 3D projection wherein the x, y, and z dimensions may be simultaneously accessed in accordance with computer instructions for printing the 3D biological material in computer memory, to form at least a portion of the 3D biological material comprising (i) at least a subset of the plurality of cells, and (ii) a polymer formed from the one or more polymer precursors.

Abstract: A system for making a holographic medium includes a light source configured to provide light, and a beam splitter configured to separate the light into a first portion of the light and a second portion of the light that is spatially separated from the first portion of the light. The system also includes a first set of optical elements configured to transmit the first portion of the light for providing a first wide-field beam onto an optically recordable medium, a second set of optical elements configured to transmit the second portion of the light for providing a second wide-field beam, and a plurality of prisms optically coupled with the second set of optical elements and configured to receive the second wide-field beam and project a plurality of separate light patterns onto the optically recordable medium for forming the holographic medium.

Abstract: A projection display unit includes a projection optical system, a polarization separation device, and a detection optical system. The projection optical system includes an illuminator, a projection lens, and a light valve that modulates illumination light supplied from the illuminator, and outputs the modulated illumination light toward the projection lens. The polarization separation device separates entering light into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, and outputs the first polarized component and the second polarized component in respective directions that are different from each other. The detection optical system includes an imaging device and a reduction optical system. The imaging device receives, via the projection lens and the polarization separation device, light based on detection invisible light.

Abstract: The optical module (1) comprises—a first member (O) having a first face (F1) which is substantially planar;—a second member (P) having a second face (F2) facing the first face (F1), which is substantially planar and is aligned substantially parallel to the first face;—a third member (S) comprised in the first member (O) or comprised in the second member (P) or distinct from and located between these, which comprises an opening (4);—a mirror element (31?; 31??) present on the second face (F2); and—an active optical component (26) present on the second face (F2) and electrically connected to the second member (P); wherein at least one of the first and second members comprises one or more transparent portions (t) through which light can pass. The method for manufacturing the optical module (1) comprises the steps of a) providing a first wafer; b) providing a second wafer on which the mirror elements (31?. . .

Abstract: A projection display unit (1) includes a projection optical system (10A), a polarization separation device (15), and a detection optical system (10B). The projection optical system includes an illuminator (11), a projection lens (16), and a light valve (12) that modulates illumination light supplied from the illuminator on the basis of an image signal, and outputs the modulated illumination light toward the projection lens. The polarization separation device (15) is disposed between the light valve and the projection lens. The polarization separation device separates entering light into a first polarized component and a second polarized component, and outputs the first polarized component and the second polarized component in respective directions that are different from each other. The detection optical system includes an imaging device (13) and a reduction optical system (14). The imaging device is disposed in a position that is optically conjugate with a position of the light valve.

Abstract: An optical concentration/diffusion apparatus and method is provided that uses a waveguide having a graded index of refraction in a first direction. Light propagating in a second direction different from the first direction follows a curved, path being reflected at multiple intervals by a planar interface of the waveguide. Reflectors are located along the planar interface at a spacing that is selected to limit their interaction with the light propagating in the second direction. Coupling elements are located in optical communication with the reflectors. When used as a concentrator, light is focused by the elements onto the reflectors and redirected in the second direction towards one or more exit apertures. When used as a diffuser, light in the second direction is redirected by the reflectors toward the elements and diffused at multiple exit apertures.

Abstract: A collimator can be made of a compound holographic optical element made of three holographic optical elements. The first reflection holographic optical element will have recorded within it continuous lens configured to receive light from a diffuse light beam and diffract the received light as a first collimated light beam. The second reflection holographic optical element will have recorded within it a regular hologram that is configured to permit the light from the diffuse light source to transmit through it to reach the first reflection holographic element, the second reflection holographic element having within it a second holographically reflective structure configured to receive the first collimated light beam and diffract the first collimated light beam as a second collimated light beam. The third transmission holographic optical element is configured to receive the second collimated light beam and diffract it as a third holographic light beam.

Abstract: A complex spatial light modulator for modulating a phase and amplitude of a light beam and a 3-dimensional (3D) display including the same are provided. The complex spatial light modulator includes a spatial light modulator modulating a phase of a light beam, a lenticular lens array disposed next to the spatial light modulator, and a volume holographic lens array spaced apart from the lenticular lens array and allowing light beams output from the lenticular lens array to be superimposed and to interfere with each other, and so that the phase and an amplitude of the light beam are simultaneously modulated.

Abstract: There is provided an exposure device including: a light-emitting element array in which plural light-emitting elements are arrayed in a predetermined direction; and a hologram element array in which plural hologram elements are multiplex-recorded, in correspondence with the plural light-emitting elements, at a recording layer that is disposed above the light-emitting element array such that collected-light points, that are formed on a surface to be exposed by converging of diffracted lights that exit due to illumination of lights from the plural light-emitting elements, are aligned in the predetermined direction, and such that intersection points between optical axes of reference lights and optical axes of signal lights that record the plural hologram elements respectively are not aligned in the predetermined direction.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: a light source; a photosensitive member; a brushless motor including a stator and a rotor; a rotary polygon mirror rotated by the brushless motor; an energization switching unit that turns on/off energizations of the coils; a voltage detecting unit that outputs a detection signal based on induced voltages generated in coils of the stator by rotation of the rotor; and a motor controlling unit that controls the turning on/off of the energizations by the energization switching unit based on the detection signal. In a non-image forming period after one image forming operation, the motor controlling unit performs a low-speed process where the motor controlling unit maintains a rotation speed of the brushless motor at a speed, which is lower than a speed in the image forming operation, and at which the induced voltages are detectable by the voltage detecting unit.

Abstract: An image input apparatus that inputs an image of an object residing within a living body is disclosed. The image input apparatus includes a light source that irradiates near infrared light on the living body, a lens array arranged at a position facing the living body and including plural lenses each having a face with zero or negative power arranged at a side facing the living body and a face with positive power arranged at a side facing an image surface, an imaging unit arranged at the image surface side of the lens array that forms a compound-eye image corresponding to a collection of ommatidium images formed by the lenses of the lens array, and a reconstruction unit that reconstructs a single image from the compound-eye image using a parallax between the ommatidium images. The reconstructed single image is input as the image of the object.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a projection display system includes a spatial light modulator and a volume illumination hologram. The spatial light modulator comprises a digital micromirror device, and the projection system includes a laser light source to produce a sequence of collimated, colored, light beams for the illumination hologram. Waste light produced by the spatial light modulator is transmitted to the illumination hologram, and the illumination hologram emits waste light from at least one of its edges. Waste light emitted from an edge of the illumination hologram is absorbed by a light sensor to control the intensity of the light beams. A projection focusing element is mounted proximate a side of the illumination hologram to focus the image beam from the spatial light modulator for viewing. A projection hologram is interposed between the side of the illumination hologram and the projection focusing element to manage waste light.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a projection display system includes a spatial light modulator and a volume illumination hologram. The spatial light modulator comprises a digital micromirror device, and the projection system includes a laser light source to produce a sequence of collimated, colored, light beams for the illumination hologram. Waste light produced by the spatial light modulator is transmitted to the illumination hologram, and the illumination hologram emits waste light from at least one of its edges. Waste light emitted from an edge of the illumination hologram is absorbed by a light sensor to control the intensity of the light beams. A projection focusing element is mounted proximate a side of the illumination hologram to focus the image beam from the spatial light modulator for viewing. A projection hologram is interposed between the side of the illumination hologram and the projection focusing element to manage waste light.

Abstract: A hologram lens manufacturing apparatus includes: a separation unit that separates a light beam emitted from a light source into a reference light beam and an irradiation light beam; an irradiation light irradiating unit that collects the irradiation light beam so as to have a focal point at a predetermined focal position, and irradiates a hologram recording element located on the way to the focal point with the irradiation light beam; and a reference light irradiating unit that irradiates the hologram recording element with the reference light beam under a predetermined irradiation condition to record an interference pattern occurring between the irradiation light beam and the reference light beam as a hologram.

Abstract: The invention provides a three-dimensional image reproducing apparatus that enables stable provision of a three-dimensional image display by preventing occurrence of crosstalk between adjacent lenses or adjacent hologram optical elements and eliminating shift of a three-dimensional image. The three-dimensional image reproduce apparatus of the invention includes an array of adjacent optical elements, which is an array of lenticular lens, an fly-eye lens array and an array of hologram optical elements, and a cross-talk prevent part preventing cross-talk between the adjacent optical elements and having an image source providing a plurality of images each of which has a different parallax information.

Abstract: The three-dimensional system discloses screens (12, 16) that produce magnified three-dimensional images (6) that can be projected before large audiences who can view said images without special glasses or viewing aids. The screens disclosed therein are active optical systems which, together with the projection optics, serve to reconstruct and present to the audience the same light waves as though the three-dimensional scene actually exists. The present invention discloses improved screens for this system as well as methods of manufacturing said improved screens.

Abstract: An array of discrete sensors disposed on a substrate, each sensor comprising a holographic support medium and a hologram disposed throughout the volume of the medium, whereby interaction with an analyte results in a variation of a property of the medium.

Abstract: A lighting apparatus used for a projection type display is provided, which can change the incident ray volume to an optical modulation device without changing the optical output intensity of the lamp, and can exhibit excellent effects in expressive power of an image and adaptability to the use environment. The lighting apparatus of the present invention comprises; a light source, two fly-eye lenses constituting a uniform lighting device, and a shading plate arranged between these fly-eye lenses and constituting a dimming device for adjusting the amount of light of the outgoing light from the light source. The angle of inclination of the shading plate is controlled based on an image signal supplied to the optical modulation device, thereby enabling adjustment of the amount of light.

Abstract: A transmission type screen including a fly-eye lens having a convex shape on one side thereof and a light-shielding layer provided on an opposite side of a lens surface of the fly-eye lens and having a plurality of openings provided near each focus of lens unit cells, wherein if uniform light perpendicular to an optical axis of the lens unit cell is incident upon the lens surface, luminance on an emission side of the screen when the screen is observed from a direction inclined against the optical axis of the lens unit lens by a predetermined angle in a horizontal direction when the screen is used is larger than luminance when the screen is observed from a direction inclined by the same angle as that in the horizontal direction in a vertical direction when the screen is used.

Abstract: The invention relates to a color hologram display an image of a three-dimensional object and a hologram image of a pattern of plane characters, images or the like are recorded in the same volume type hologram photosensitive material in a superposed or multiplexed fashion. A color hologram display 27? comprising a combined reflection and volume type of single layer, wherein a color pattern 29g of plane characters, images or the like and a color three-dimensional subject image O? are reconstructably recorded while spatially superposed one upon another.

Abstract: In an image projection device, interferences between the light source and the light modulator leading to visible interferences in the projected image are suppressed by an interference cancellation circuit that pre-corrects the control signal that includes the image data that is to be projected.

Abstract: An illumination system is provided with at least a first arc lamp positioned on the first axis of a first reflecting device. An aspherical corrector plate is positioned to receive the light rays produced by the arc lamp. The aspherical corrector plate is shaped so that it provides a substantially constant magnification of the arc as a function of the range of reflection angles of light rays off of the reflecting device.

Abstract: A display device has a plurality of light emitting elements for emitting lights, a display element for modulating the light emitting from the plurality of light emitting elements so as to convert it to an image light showing an optical image, a reflection type hologram element, having a positive optical power with respect to the lights from the plural light emitting elements, for diffracting and reflecting the lights from the plural light emitting elements to approximately one direction so as to guide the diffracted and reflected lights to the display element; and an enlarging optical system for forming an enlarged image of the optical image converted by the lights from the image display element. The plural light emitting elements are positioned in a plane approximately vertical to an optical path of the lights diffracted and reflected by the hologram element.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing illumination suitable for imaging devices such as laser projection systems. In one embodiment, a highly collimated (e.g., laser light) beam is passed through a holographic diffuser to create a well defined cone angle for the light emanating from each point on the diffuser. This light is focused into an illumination image that is controlled by the prescription of the diffuser. In one embodiment, the image is a uniformly intense rectangle having a 4:3 aspect ratio to match an imager for a projection display. The diffuser prescription and resulting illumination image can be selected to match any desired imager. The present systems and methods may provide the advantages of high level of light efficiency, reduction or elimination of speckle and “worminess” and reduction or elimination of cosine4 and gaussian intensity falloff, all of which are common in prior art designs.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical element with variable optical properties, which ensures that the amount of light available is increased, and an optical device using the same. In a liquid crystal variable hologram element 3, polymer layers 18 and liquid crystal layers 19 are alternately arranged between transparent substrates 16 and 17, with liquid crystal particles 20 lining up in each liquid crystal layer 19. When voltages are applied on transparent electrodes 21 and 22, liquid crystal molecules 23 have their longitudinal directions oriented vertically with respect to the electrodes, so that the refractive index of the polymer layers 18 is substantially equal to that of the liquid crystal layers 19, resulting in no development of hologram. When the voltages are held off, the refractive index of the polymer layers 18 is different from that of the liquid crystal layers 19. This repetition gives rise to an interference fringe action, by which a hologram can be developed.

Abstract: A method for making a secure identification document with multiple images is provided. Information is provided to an information bearing layer, the information constructed and arranged to be capable of providing multiple images when the printed information is viewed at different predetermined angles through an appropriate lens. At least a portion of the information is covered with a layer of a substantially a transparent film material. A lens profile is embossed onto a first portion of the substantially transparent film material, wherein the first portion of the substantially transparent film material comprises an area that is less than the entire layer of substantially transparent film material and wherein the first location substantially coincides with the location of the information.

Abstract: In order to achieve a great improvement in light utilizing efficiency, a projection type display apparatus for obliquely projecting an original image onto a screen includes a first projection optical system for projecting light from an original picture and forming an intermediate image having trapezoid distortion caused therein, a second projection optical system for obliquely projecting the light from the intermediate image onto a surface for projection so as to cause converse trapezoid distortion, and re-imaging it, and a light deflecting element for deflecting the optical axis of the first projection optical system so that the optical axis of the first projection optical system deflected by the light deflecting element is made to substantially coincide with the optical axis of the second projection optical system.

Abstract: An optical communications system including a submarine optical communications system, a landing station associated with the submarine optical communications system, a terrestrial optical communications system, a point of presence associated with the terrestrial optical communications system, a first wavelength division multiplexed optical connection between the point of presence and the landing station, and a second wavelength division multiplexed optical connection between the point of presence and the landing station and routed diversely from the first wavelength division multiplexed optical connection.

Abstract: A pixel element for a 3D display, wherein multiple substantially collimated controllable light beams are emitted in multiple directions, with each light beam associated with a predetermined viewing direction. A set of substantially point type sources are individually addressable and are arranged in a line. The light sources are serially addressed; and the light from each source is imaged in a collimated light beam and deflected in a predetermined individual deflection direction.

Abstract: Micro-electromechanical display device (“MDD”)-based multimedia projectors (90, 120) of this invention employ an arc lamp (32), a color modulator (42), and anamorphic illumination systems (94, 121) for optimally illuminating a MDD (50, 76) to improve projected image brightness. MDDs employ off-axis illumination wherein incident and reflected light bundles are angularly separated about a hinge axis (78, 110) and the MDD is illuminated by the anamorphic illumination systems of this invention having a slow f/# parallel to the hinge axis and a faster f/# perpendicular to the hinge axis. The resulting anamorphic light bundles (86, 88, 112, 114) illuminate and reflect more light into and off the MDD and through a fast f/# projection lens.

Abstract: In performing an light emitting operation using a plurality of semiconductor light-emitting devices, these semiconductor light-emitting devices are lighted up such that the driving current is lessened and the life time of the devices is prevented from being shortened and lights can be emitted to a remote site without reducing an amount of lights. Semiconductor laser devices 23a to 23c, which emit lights through independent lenses 25a to 25c, are connected in series to each other and connected to a signal generating circuit 24, serving as a power supply, so as to perform pulse lighting, whereby making it possible to light up three semiconductor laser devices simultaneously at a driving current corresponding to one semiconductor laser device. A package of semiconductor laser devices 23a to 23c comprises three lead terminals, and an electrical connection to two lead terminals, which are electrically insulated from a metallic base, is established.

Abstract: A projection type image display apparatus includes a light source emitting light, a polarization device transmitting light polarized in one direction of incident light emitted from the light source, a reflection type image generating unit generating a color image from incident light and reflecting the generated color image to proceed along a path different from a path of the incident light, a light deflection device deflecting the image reflected by the image generating unit, and a projection lens unit magnifying and transmitting the image generated by the image generating unit and deflected by the light deflection device to proceed toward a screen. Thus, a full color can be realized with respect to the area of a pixel, and an efficiency in use of light and resolving power can be improved.

Abstract: An illumination optical system comprises a first multi-lens array, a second multi-lens array, and a polarization conversion module. An optical modulation device of a projector is irradiated with light beams that are generated by passing incident light from a light source through the first multi-lens array, the second multi-lens array, and the polarization conversion module. The number of the first lens cells is greater than that of the polarization conversion units in a direction of an arrangement of the polarization conversion units. Further, each of particular ones among the polarization conversion units corresponds to at least two first lens cells in the direction of the arrangement of the polarization conversion units.

Abstract: While both a forehead and a cheek are made in close contact to an eye position fixing portion, a space defined between a left eye and a pinhole is shielded from extraneous light. When light derived from a room lighting device is entered into a right eye, a diameter of a pupil of the left eye is defined in a self-definition manner due to an interlocking characteristic of a living body, and then, a width of an iris 3 may be secured under stable condition. While infrared light is illuminated from a button lighting device onto this left eye, this illuminated left eye is photographed by an image pick up unit, and then, feature information as to the photographed left eye is compared with registered feature information in an individual identifying unit so as to execute an individual identification operation.

Abstract: A high power light source is provided. The light source includes one or more diodes that may produce relatively coherent light of a desired intensity. The diodes may be pulsed to provide light as desired. The light projected by the diodes passes through a combiner, which combines the light from the different diodes and passes the combined light to an incoherence apparatus. The incoherence apparatus may include a rotating surface relief phase device such as an optical hologram, a computer generated hologram, or a diffractive optical element with random phase modulation. The incoherence apparatus may include a rotating fiber conduit comprising a plurality of multifiber cores. The incoherence apparatus renders the combined light incoherent and passes it to an illuminator apparatus that focuses the incoherent combined light onto an image plane.

Abstract: There is provided an image projection apparatus which is small and in which a picture image can be stably observed while high resolution is maintained. The image projection apparatus is structured such that a beam of light from a light source passes through a condensing lens to be converged, and is brought into focus at a space filter. This focus is a secondary point light source, and a diverging spherical wave from this is converted into a parallel beam of light by an illuminating hologram optical element. This parallel beam of light illuminates a transmission space modulator (color liquid crystal display element), is converted into a converged beam of light by an object hologram optical element, and is brought into focus at a pupil. This point is a secondary light source image. This image becomes a Fourier transform image (diffraction image surface) of picture image information of the space modulator, and after passing through an eyeball lens, it forms a geometric image on a retina.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process capable of fabricating a variety of transmission holograms having a simple structure, a wide visible range and a large area and comprising the first stage of recording the wavefront to be finally reconstructed in the form of the first hologram that is a reflection hologram with a wide visible range, the second stage of using the first hologram to record the second hologram that is a combined reflection and transmission hologram, and the third stage of recording in the third hologram photosensitive material only a transmission hologram for reconstructing only the wavefront recorded in the second hologram and desired to be reconstructed.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods and devices for creating and printing variable size and variable resolution holographic stereograms and holographic optical elements using computer rendered images of three-dimensional computer models or using computer processed images. The present invention is an apparatus and method for printing one-step, full-color, full-parallax holographic stereograms utilizing a reference beam-steering system that allows a reference beam to expose a holographic recording material from different angles. More particularly, a coherent beam is split into object and reference beams. The object beam passes through an object beam unit in which a rendered image is displayed, while the reference beam passes through the reference beam-steering system. The object and reference beams interfere with each other at an elemental hologram on a holographic recording material.

Abstract: The invention provides a hologram plate which is used with the double-focus replication process, and which is integrated with a spacer to impart marring resistance thereto, and is integrated with a light absorbing layer to allow zero-order light and first-order light to have substantially the same intensity. This hologram plate 42 comprises an array of collective element holograms for diffracting parallel light incident thereon at a specific wavelength and a specific incident angle in such a way that the light is converged onto a specific focal length position. The hologram plate 42 is a multilayer structure made up of a first transparent substrate 31, a hologram layer 32, an adhesive layer 33 and a second transparent substrate 41. The second transparent substrate 42 defines a surface in contact with a hologram photosensitive material 53 during hologram replication.

Abstract: A projection device has a light source, a polarization converter, a cross dichroic mirror set that has two dichroic mirrors, a modulation device and a projection lens. The light source provides white unpolarized light. The polarization converter converts the white unpolarized light into white polarized light. The two dichroic mirrors have a cross-like arrangement and are used to separate the white polarized light into three monochromatic polarized beams. The modulation device is positioned adjacent to the cross dichroic mirror set. The modulation device modulates the three monochromatic polarized beams to form three monochromatic polarized modulated beams, and reflects the three monochromatic polarized modulated beams to the two dichroic mirrors. The two dichroic mirrors recombine the three monochromatic polarized modulated beams to form a white polarized modulated beam. Finally, the projection lens projects the white polarized modulated beam to form an image.

Abstract: Optical information processor and storage of pixelated data pattern in a Fourier plane of a lens as achieved by a plurality of optical elements operating with a spatial light modulator. A laser light source illuminates a data pattern with a wavefront that is created by a phase mask to effect a phase shift. The optical information can be effecitvely processed or stored, for instance, in a holographic data storage system. The holographic data storage system for storing a data array contains illuminated and dark regions including a multi-fold phase shift mask. This affects a linear and non-random shift of an image. The image is stored on a holographic storage medium. There is a spatial light modulator between the input location for the optical data and the storage medium. The phase shift is effected in the Fourier plane.

Abstract: Device for elimination of the zero order beam emerging from holograms illuminated in polarized light includes a birefringent plate (5) illuminated by both said zero order beam (3) and by a diffracted beam (4) emerging from the hologram (2). The plate is arranged and sized such that one of the beams (3, 4) emerges from the plate with its plane of polarization not appreciably rotated and such that the other of said beams emerges with its plane of polarization rotated by 90°. The device further includes a polarizer (9) illuminated by the beams (3′, 4′) emergent from the birefringent plate (5), the polarizer having its plane of maximum transmittance parallel to the plane of polarization of the diffracted beam emerging from the birefringent plate as beam (4′). The device finds industrial applicability in the optical systems of video image projectors employing active matrix liquid crystal cells.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing a dot matrix hologram is provided, which can fabricate a hologram of high quality, simplify the construction, and reduce the cost.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for optical data storage which compensates for deterministic variations. The method comprises writing a two-dimensional image comprising a plurality of pixels into a recording medium while varying the exposure of individual ON pixels during the recording of the image to expose the weaker pixels more than brighter pixels.

Abstract: An illumination system that comprises a light source, and, disposed in an optical path between the light source and the surface, converging imaging optics, and a diffractive array generator. The diffractive array generator preferably includes a two-dimensional periodic array of multi-level topological features.

Abstract: An improved color filter and a color image display apparatus employs the filter, the color filter has a hologram device for spectrally diffracting an incident light into plural light beams of different wavelength regions and selectively converging the plural light beams on respective plural picture element electrodes corresponding to the different wavelength regions. The hologram device has such characteristics that S-polarized components of the incident light are diffracted at a maximum diffraction efficiency at a predetermined incident angle of the incident light, and P-polarized components of the incident light are diffracted as such that a difference between the maximum diffraction efficiency of the S-polarized components and the diffraction efficiency of the P-polarized components is not less than 30%, and the diffracted S-polarized components are formed as the plural light beams to be converged on the plural picture element electrodes corresponding to the different wavelength regions.

Abstract: A color holographic head up display which can be mounted on, for example, an airplane or automobile for projecting a color image displayed on a screen. The color holographic head up display in accordance with the present invention comprises an information display comprising a 2-dimensional array of pixels for displaying information to be projected, a relay optical system for relaying an image displayed on the information display, and a holographic combiner having holographic optical elements whose number is the same as the number of the pixels of the information display for delivering the image from the relay optical system to the viewing zone of the human eye, the holographic optical elements being arranged to correspond to the pixels of the information display. According to the present invention, the surrounding scenery and navigation information of a color image are simultaneously projected without noise due to intermodulation, and a high diffraction efficiency can be achieved.