Abstract: An interferometric modulator array device with backlighting is disclosed. The interferometric modulator array device comprises a plurality of interferometric modulator elements, wherein each of the interferometric modulator elements comprises an optical cavity. The interferometric modulator array includes an optical aperture region, and at least one reflecting element is positioned so as to receive light passing through the optical aperture region and reflect at least a portion of the received light to the cavities of the interferometric modulator elements. In some embodiments, the interferometric modulator elements may be separated from each other such that an optical aperture region is formed between adjacent interferometric modulator elements.

Abstract: A display includes an array of light modulators that define a display plane, a light guide and front- and rear-facing reflective surfaces. The light guide includes a plurality of geometric light redirectors, and at least 50% of the light guide's rear surface is parallel to the display plane. The rear-facing reflective surface is parallel to the display plane and includes a plurality of apertures.

Abstract: A display drive device comprises a display element being colored by injecting an electric charge into an electrolyte via an display electrode due to an oxidation-deoxidization reaction and being decolored by injecting an electric charge having an inverse polarity of the electric charge into the electrolyte, at least one constant current supply circuit which supplies a constant current as a decoloration current pulse having a predetermined pulse width to the display electrode upon the decoloration, a voltage detection circuit which detects a voltage value generated in the display electrode, and a control circuit which controls an operation of the constant current supply circuit intermittently and repeatedly supplying the decoloration current pulse from the constant current supply circuit to the display electrode upon the decoloration, and ending the decoloration on the basis of a voltage value to be detected by the voltage detection circuit.

Abstract: A display system comprises a light modulator having at least three linear arrays of light modulating devices on a common substrate, at least one light source producing at least three colors of light for illuminating the at least three linear arrays, a lens for creating line images of the at least three linear arrays on a display surface, and a scanning mirror for scanning the line images to create a two-dimensional image on the display surface.

Abstract: A first electrode layer capable of transmitting visible light, a displaying layer, whose optical characteristics alter in accordance with an electric field, an optical switching layer capable of exhibiting electrical conductivity when being exposed to an electromagnetic wave, and a second electrode layer, which is provided with linear electrodes arrayed in parallel and capable of transmitting the electromagnetic wave, are overlaid in this order. A voltage is applied to each of the linear electrodes and in accordance with image information. Scanning with the electromagnetic wave is performed in two-dimensional directions and from the side of the second electrode layer, the optical characteristics of the displaying layer altering in accordance with an electric field formed between the first electrode layer and the optical switching layer, the image information being thereby displayed.

Abstract: A projection type display device includes dichroic mirrors which separate the light from the light source into light of the three primary colors R, G and B, a plurality of color modulation light valves upon which the light beams separated by the dichroic mirrors are respectively incident and comprising a plurality of picture elements which are capable of being individually controlled with regard to their transmittivity ratios, a dichroic prism which combines the light beams from the color modulation light valves, a relay lens which forms the optical images of the color modulation light valves upon the picture element surface of a reflective type liquid crystal light valve, and a reflective type liquid crystal light valve upon which the light from the relay lens is incident and comprising a plurality of picture elements whose reflectivity ratios can be individually controlled.

Abstract: Aspects of the invention provide a projector capable of comparatively easily achieving a contrast ratio higher than the original contrast ratio of the liquid-crystal light valve by a simple mechanism. The illumination light modulated by liquid-crystal light valves, i.e., image light, can be combined together in a cross dichroic prism, and then light intensity of suitable pixels is reduced by a proper amount by a liquid-crystal light valve, and then sent to a projection lens. The image light entering the projection lens can be projected to a projection surface. Because the light intensity of the image light formed by the liquid-crystal light valves is appropriately attenuated at suitable pixel areas by the liquid-crystal light valve, image light projection with a contrast ratio exceeding by far the contrast ratio achievable by the liquid-crystal light valves alone is possible due to cumulative light-intensity adjustment.

Abstract: An image display device includes at least one transmissive display panel arranged at different depth positions in a direction normal to a display surface of the image display device. Each of the transmissive display panels includes a light-emitting layer that is sandwiched between a front side transmissive film and a rear side transmissive film. The rear side transmissive film has an interface with a maximum refractive index difference that causes an efficiency of light emitted from the light-emitting layer to become smaller than a front side light emission efficiency in the characteristics of light-emission efficiency, which changes with respect to a film thickness of the transmissive film due to optical interference.

Abstract: A substrate for an electrooptic device comprising a light-transmissive base member, a reflection layer formed on the base member so as to include each reflection portion and a corresponding transmission portion having a transmission factor higher than that of the reflection portion, a light transmission layer formed over the base member so as to coincide with the reflection layer and to include each hollow at a position that coincides with the transmission portion in plane, and an orientation film formed over the base member so as to coincide with the light transmission layer and to define a concavity while entering the corresponding hollow. The thickness “b” of a liquid crystal layer corresponding to the concavity is greater than the thickness “a” of the liquid crystal layer at the other positions thereof.

Abstract: A pulse width modulation driven display such as a spatial light modulator, which updates pixel data between PWM periods of consecutive frames, to avoid tearing artifacts in the perceived display image.

Abstract: An optical display element of one embodiment of the invention is disclosed that comprises a binary optical display element and a multiple-bit storage element to store a number of bits of a color intensity value to be displayed by the binary optical display element during a display period. Each bit is loaded from the multiple-bit storage element into the binary optical display element one or more times during the display period to achieve the color intensity value.

Abstract: Apparatus and systems may include a pair of coupling lenses to send light to, and to receive light from, a pair of light modulators.

Abstract: One embodiment of a light modulator apparatus includes a first light modulator and a second light modulator diagonally offset from and in series with the first light modulator.

Abstract: A method of forming a display including three conductive layers is described. The display is driven by contacting a third conductive layer and a second conductive layer, wherein the second conductive layer transmits current to the first conductive layer, and an electric field is generated between the first and third conductive layers.

Abstract: The invention provides a holder frame, optical device and projector which can prevent the substrate from deviating in position, the substrate from being compressed at the outer periphery and color unevenness from occurring. More particularly, in the four sides of a luminous-flux incident surface of a holder frame, there can be formed a plurality of cutouts extending from a vicinity of an opening to an outer edge of the luminous-flux incident surface and nearly orthogonal to a lengthwise of each side. Also, in the four sides of an accommodating surface of the holder frame, there are formed a plurality of cutouts extending from a vicinity of an opening to an outer edge of the accommodating surface and nearly orthogonal to a lengthwise of each side. The cutouts in each side of the accommodating surface of the holder frame are formed in positions between the cutouts formed in each side of the luminous-flux incident surface of the holder frame as viewed from a side of luminance-flux incidence.

Abstract: The invention provides a fixing plate, optical device and projector capable of preventing against color unevenness occurrence and pixel deviation. Specifically, in each of the four sides of a luminous-flux exit surface of a plate part of a fixing plate, there can alternately be formed a first cutout in a groove form extending from an opening toward an outer edge of the plate part and nearly orthogonal to a lengthwise of each side, and a second cutout in a groove form extending from the outer edge toward the opening and nearly orthogonal to the lengthwise of each side.

Abstract: To detect an irradiated radiation efficiently, so that the dose can be measured with high sensitivity. A photochromic material comprising an illuminant(s) which emits a light when irradiated with a radiation and a diarylethene photochromic compound(s) having a specific structure, and a color dose meter employing it.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes a diaphragm (9b) arranged at a pupil position. The shape of an aperture of the diaphragm (9b) is similar to the shape of a light source image formed by an illuminating optical system at the pupil position. An area varying mechanism (90) varies the area of the aperture of the diaphragm (9b) in response to a focal length varying operation of a projection lens (9). This prevents an excessive opening from being formed around a light source image cast by the illuminating optical system, thereby preventing the deterioration of displayed images due to unwanted light that may pass through the excessive opening.

Abstract: An image production apparatus, an image display apparatus and an image display method are disclosed which can reduce the ununiformity in luminance and color which appears on a display screen and can be formed compact. Also optical modulation device adjustment apparatus is disclosed which can detect and correct the ununiformity in modulation characteristic of a modulation device. The image display apparatus includes a light detection apparatus in addition to a light source section, an illumination optical system, an optical modulation section, a spatial filter, a light projection section and a screen. The light detection apparatus detects the dispersion of a modulation characteristic of each pixel element of GLV devices and the ununiformity in luminance and color displayed in accordance with an illumination condition. An optimum driving voltage for minimizing the ununiformity in color and luminance to be displayed is determined based on a signal detected by the light detection apparatus.

Abstract: An electrooptical device is provided comprising at least one substrate, at least one pair of electrodes and at least one layer of an electrooptical material. The electrooptical material represents an optically anisotropic thin crystal film and contains molecules having aromatic rings and possessing a lattice with an interplanar spacing (Bragg's reflection) of 3.4±0.2 ? along one of optical axes. The electrooptical material has anisotropic refractive indices and/or anisotropic absorption coefficients that are depended on an electric field strength.

Abstract: An image production apparatus, an image display apparatus and an image display method are disclosed which can reduce the ununiformity in luminance and color which appears on a display screen and can be formed compact. Also an optical modulation device adjustment apparatus is disclosed which can detect and correct the ununiformity in modulation characteristic of a modulation device. The image display apparatus includes a light detection apparatus in addition to a light source section, an illumination optical system, an optical modulation section, a spatial filter, a light projection section and a screen. The light detection apparatus detects the dispersion of a modulation characteristic of each pixel element of GLV devices and the ununiformity in luminance and color displayed in accordance with an illumination condition. An optimum driving voltage for minimizing the ununiformity in color and luminance to be displayed is determined based on a signal detected by the light detection apparatus.

Abstract: An interference display unit with a first electrode, a second electrode and posts located between the two electrodes is provided. The characteristic of the interference display unit is that the second electrode's stress is released through a thermal process. The position of the second electrode is shifted and the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is therefore defined. A method for fabricating the structure described as follow. A first electrode and a sacrificial layer are sequentially formed on a substrate and at least two openings are formed in the first electrode and the sacrificial layer. A supporter is formed in the opening and the supporter may have at least one arm on the top portion of the supporter. A second electrode is formed on the sacrificial layer and the supporter and a thermal process is performed. Finally, The sacrificial layer is removed.

Abstract: An electro-optic display comprises first and second substrates, and an adhesive layer and a layer of electro-optic material disposed between these substrates, the adhesive layer comprising a mixture of a polymeric adhesive material and an additive selected from a salt, a polyelectrolyte, a polymer electrolyte, a solid electrolyte, a conductive metal powder, a ferrofluid, a non-reactive solvent, a conductive organic compound, and combinations thereof. The additive enables the volume resistivity of the adhesive layer to be controlled. Also, in an encapsulated electrophoretic medium comprising capsules in a polymeric binder, the volume resistivity of the binder can be controlled in a similar manner.

Abstract: A color changeable pixel comprises a first plate, a second plate and a third plate. The three plates are settled in parallel. The second plate is a deformable and reflective plate. An incident light from one side of the first plate is modulated and only specific frequency light reflects by the second plate. The frequency of the reflected light is related to the distance between the first plate and the second plate. The second plate shifts by the voltage added on the third plate to change the distance between the first plate and the second plate. Therefore, the frequency of the reflected light is altered.

Abstract: An image production apparatus, an image display apparatus and an image display method are disclosed which can reduce the ununiformity in luminance and color which appears on a display screen and can be formed compact. Also optical modulation device adjustment apparatus is disclosed which can detect and correct the ununiformity in modulation characteristic of a modulation device. The image display apparatus includes a light detection apparatus in addition to a light source section, an illumination optical system, an optical modulation section, a spatial filter, a light projection section and a screen. The light detection apparatus detects the dispersion of a modulation characteristic of each pixel element of GLV devices and the ununiformity in luminance and color displayed in accordance with an illumination condition. An optimum driving voltage for minimizing the ununiformity in color and luminance to be displayed is determined based on a signal detected by the light detection apparatus.

Abstract: An interference display unit with a first electrode, a second electrode and posts located between the two electrodes is provided. The characteristic of the interference display unit is that the second electrode's stress is released through a thermal process. The position of the second electrode is shifted and the distance between the first electrode and the second electrode is therefore defined. A method for fabricating the structure described as follow. A first electrode and a sacrificial layer are sequentially formed on a substrate and at least two openings are formed in the first electrode and the sacrificial layer. A supporter is formed in the opening and the supporter may have at least one arm on the top portion of the supporter. A second electrode is formed on the sacrificial layer and the supporter and a thermal process is performed. Finally, The sacrificial layer is removed.

Abstract: An image production apparatus, an image display apparatus and an image display method are disclosed which can reduce the ununiformity in luminance and color which appears on a display screen and can be formed compact. Also optical modulation device adjustment apparatus is disclosed which can detect and correct the ununiformity in modulation characteristic of a modulation device. The image display apparatus includes a light detection apparatus in addition to a light source section, an illumination optical system, an optical modulation section, a spatial filter, a light projection section and a screen. The light detection apparatus detects the dispersion of a modulation characteristic of each pixel element of GLV devices and the ununiformity in luminance and color displayed in accordance with an illumination condition. An optimum driving voltage for minimizing the ununiformity in color and luminance to be displayed is determined based on a signal detected by the light detection apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to an electrophoretic display comprising isolated cells of well-defined shape, size and aspect ratio which cells are filled with charged pigment particles dispersed in a solvent, a backlight and optionally a background layer. The display may have the traditional up/down switching mode, an in-plane switching mode or a dual switching mode.

Abstract: An image production apparatus, an image display apparatus and an image display method are disclosed which can reduce the ununiformity in luminance and color which appears on a display screen and can be formed compact. Also optical modulation device adjustment apparatus is disclosed which can detect and correct the ununiformity in modulation characteristic of a modulation device. The image display apparatus includes a light detection apparatus in addition to a light source section, an illumination optical system, an optical modulation section, a spatial filter, a light projection section and a screen. The light detection apparatus detects the dispersion of a modulation characteristic of each pixel element of GLV devices and the ununiformity in luminance and color displayed in accordance with an illumination condition. An optimum driving voltage for minimizing the ununiformity in color and luminance to be displayed is determined based on a signal detected by the light detection apparatus.

Abstract: Image display apparatus comprising projector means, optical means for splitting incident light, a first modulator for modulating red light, a second modulator for modulating green light, a third modulator for modulating blue light, optical means for recombining the combined modulated red light, green light and blue light, and control means for controlling the operation of the first, second, third and fourth modulators such that the dynamic range of the image display apparatus is enhanced.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display utilizing a phenomenon of electrophoresis is provided. The electrophoretic display includes an lower electrode located on an under layer, an lower electrode protection layer formed on the lower electrode, a plurality of microcapsules located on the lower electrode protection layer, coated or encapsulated in a micro size and not operating in an electric field, a particle and/or a fluid included within the microcapsule and having a single visual color, a charged particle existed among the plurality of microcapsules, having different visual colors, operating according to an electric field and suspended in a dielectric fluid, and an upper electrode protection layer and an upper electrode located on the plurality of microcapsule in sequential order. Accordingly, a reliable electrophoretic display with one color or natural colors is achieved.

Abstract: A system and method for addressing and synchronizing a spatial light modulator (SLM) device and a scrolling color recovery (SCR) illumination system. This method applies all the colors to a single SLM simultaneously and recaptures light rejected by the color filters. The recaptured light is reapplied to the color filters and, if passed by the color filter, directed to the SLM. The SCR concept requires multiple colors to be imaged on to an SLM array simultaneously. As the color bands scroll across the SLM, the data applied to elements of the SLM changes to remain appropriate for the color being received by that element. The data applied to the SLM elements may be loaded into the SLM by reset ground with each reset group load delayed by a skew time relative to the previous group.

Abstract: In an illumination optical system constituted to uniformize the intensity distribution of illumination light by use of an optical integrator, the overall length thereof is shortened. The illumination optical system includes: a light source including a laser irradiating illumination light on an illuminated body such as a two-dimensional SLM and an optical integrator; the optical integrator being placed between this light source and the illuminated body and uniformizes the intensity distribution of the illumination light by passing the light through minute cells. In this system, the size of the minute cell of the optical integrator (S1=S2) is 1.5 mm or less.

Abstract: The invention provides an electro-optical device capable of reducing power consumption. In an organic EL display, the pixel circuits are provided at the intersection portions of the respective scanning lines and the respective data lines, respectively. The organic EL display includes a shift register and a decoder circuit. The shift register sequentially selects the respective scanning lines in response to the clock signals. The decoder circuit receives address signals, and properly selects any one of the respective scanning lines on the basis of the address signals. Further, when displaying a moving picture, the scanning lines are sequentially selected using the shift register. On the other hand, when a part of a still picture is modified and displayed during display of the still picture, the scanning lines associated with the modification and display are designated using the decoder circuit.

Abstract: An optically controlled device includes a transparent electrode, a conductivity variable portion, a driving electrode, a movable unit, and a support portion. A method of controlling the optically controlled device includes inputting a control light into the transparent electrode, applying a voltage modulated according to an input signal between the transparent electrode and the movable unit, and moving the movable unit to a predetermined position by generating a force corresponding to the voltage between the driving electrode and the movable unit base on a charge of electrical conductivity of the conductivity variable portion.

Abstract: An optically addressed spatial light modulator may be formed with an integrated light emitting device display. The light emitting device display may be formed of a size and cost that optimizes the overall modulator design. In addition, by integrating the modulator and display devices, the overall size of the spatial light modulator may be reduced in some embodiments.

Abstract: A high refractive index, curable, synthetic resin composition comprising a core resin composition composed of a mixture of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, and an initiation system containing both photo and thermal initiators, particularly a photochromic resin composition which further includes at least one photochromic dye. Also a curing process, which includes a combination of multi-step radiation curing and thermal annealing. Articles produced of cured composition exhibit superior physical and, in appropriate cases, photochromic properties and can be easily mass produced on a commercial scale due to short processing time and use of readily available chemicals.

Abstract: An optical display element of one embodiment of the invention is disclosed that comprises a binary optical display element and a multiple-bit storage element to store a number of bits of a color intensity value to be displayed by the binary optical display element during a display period. Each bit is loaded from the multiple-bit storage element into the binary optical display element one or more times during the display period to achieve the color intensity value.

Abstract: An integrated driver for controlling operations of display systems having spatial light modulators that are operated in binary states is provided.

Abstract: In one form of the invention, an apparatus for visually displaying a non-volatile message includes an integrated circuit having first circuitry. The apparatus also includes a package for the integrated circuit and a display affixed to the integrated circuit package. The first circuitry is coupled to the display and operable to be coupled to an electronic device by pins of the integrated circuit package and to write a non-volatile, visual image via the display responsive to receiving a message from the electronic device.

Abstract: The light emitted from a warning display unit 16 is passed through a front glass 18 formed at the opening of a dash board 17 and a semi-permeable combiner 12 having a first polarizing plate 12b in this order so that it is guided to a driver's view point I. A second polarizing plate having the same polarizing direction as that of the first polarizing plate 12b is formed on the surface of the front glass 18. In this configuration, the wash-out in the warning display unit, i.e. a light emitting source, arranged behind a combiner can be prevented and visual recognition of the light emitting source can be improved.

Abstract: An image forming element is disclosed which is easy to manufacture, which can form images easily and at a low cost, and which is stable without fear of environmental problems arising at a time of disposal. Also disclosed is an image forming device which utilizes the image forming element and which can form color images. The image forming element contains at least a film in which rod-shaped bodies are oriented and which reflects incident light as colored interference light. The image forming device is equipped with at least the image forming element, and an ability to irradiate light onto the image forming element. The image forming element reflects, as interference light, the irradiated light. The wavelength of the interference light is 300 to 810 nm.

Abstract: Providing an electrostatic machine element for restraining deteriorations of practical electrostatic forces between electrodes by an electrostatic shielded effect to prevent instability of an electrode operation, a light diffraction modulation element using the electrostatic machine element and an image display device using the light diffraction modulation element. An edge and an upper side of a first electrode are opened and a dielectric material, the mobility of which depends on a polarity of an electric charge, is used for a second dielectric film. When a drive voltage such that the electric charge having high mobility moves from one dielectric film to another dielectric film, is applied between the first electrode and a second electrode, a charged particle that arrived at the first dielectric film moves further to the upper side of the first electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal driver IC comprising: a power circuit; an electric volume for varying an output voltage from the power circuit; a temperature detector; and a correction table for storing an electric volume control value corresponding to a temperature detected by the temperature detector. The power circuit includes: a first power circuit having a first temperature-voltage characteristic; a second power circuit having a second temperature-voltage characteristic; and a temperature gradient selection circuit for outputting a voltage conforming with a desired temperature gradient characteristic based on output voltages from the first and second power circuits. The temperature detector detects an actual temperature based on the first and second temperature-voltage characteristics.

Abstract: An optically addressed spatial light modulator may be formed with an integrated light emitting device display. The light emitting device display may be formed of a size and cost that optimizes the overall modulator design. In addition, by integrating the modulator and display devices, the overall size of the spatial light modulator may be reduced in some embodiments.

Abstract: A multi-layer antistatic/antireflective coating having high electrical conductivity (103 ohms) and low reflectivity (0.7%) is applied to the outer surface of a video display screen by sputtering. The multi-layer coating includes an inner antistatic layer deposited directly on the video display screen and comprised of ITO, TiO2, etc., having a light refractive index in the range of 1.8-2.2 and a thickness in the range of 18-35 nm. The outer antireflective layer is comprised of SiO2, MgO, etc., having a light refractive index in the range of 1.3-1.47 and a thickness in the range of 110-140 nm. The multi-layer coating is applied using a sputtering apparatus having a dual vacuum chamber, a diffusion pump connected to one of the chambers, and plural vacuum pumps connected to the diffusion pump and to the dual vacuum chamber with various gauges and valves for monitoring and controlling the sputtering operation.

Abstract: A display system (10) comprises a digital micromirror device (DMD) (24) controlled by a driver circuit (30) responsive to sequences of pulse width segments formed by a processor (31). The processor (31) increases the pixel brightness by actuating selected pulses such that within a first range of brightness levels between first and second pixel brightness boundaries, a first large-duration pulse element becomes actuated to reach the second pixel brightness boundary, and within a second range of pixel brightness levels between second and third pixel brightness boundaries, the first large duration pulse element remains actuated. Upon reaching the third pixel brightness boundary, a second large duration pulse element now becomes actuated with the first large duration pulse element remaining actuated. Forming the pulse width segments in this manner serves to reduce motion contouring.

Abstract: An optical display element of one embodiment of the invention is disclosed that comprises a binary optical display element and a multiple-bit storage element to store a number of bits of a color intensity value to be displayed by the binary optical display element during a display period. Each bit is loaded from the multiple-bit storage element into the binary optical display element one or more times during the display period to achieve the color intensity value.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projection display device comprising an illumination system having a light source and an optical guiding means for providing an illumination beam, an image display system comprising a display panel for modulating the illumination beam with image information and projecting the image on a screen, and color filter means provided on a wheel, rotatably mounted at its hub, for transmitting colored portions of the illumination beam for illuminating the display panel. In order to simplify the manufacture of the projection display device, the color filter wheel is provided with one or more cholesteric layers for reflecting a portion of the illumination beam not having a predetermined color and having a circular polarization corresponding to a first direction.

Abstract: An optoelectronic component with an optoelectronic transducer is produced with the novel method. The optoelectronic component has a coupling region, which is formed in a radiation-transparent molding of the optoelectronic component. On the base of a clearance of the coupling region, the optoelectronic component has a radiation-optical functional surface, which is formed from the housing material and introduced into the molding with the aid of a profile milling cutter.