Abstract: An optically addressed spatial light modulator may be formed with an integrated light emitting device display. The light emitting device display may be formed of a size and cost that optimizes the overall modulator design. In addition, by integrating the modulator and display devices, the overall size of the spatial light modulator may be reduced in some embodiments.

Abstract: An optical film comprising an optical element capable of forming a spatial distribution of light transmittance, and a light shield layer positioned on an opposite side of the optical element. The light shield layer is composed of a compound which changes light transmittance permanently depending on irradiation of an energy beam, and has light transmitting regions near a position corresponding to the optical element and light shielding regions at positions other than the light transmitting regions. The light shielding regions have a smaller light transmittance than the light transmittance of the light transmitting regions.

Abstract: Describes novel polyfunctional thiiranes. Also described are polymerizable compositions comprising such novel polyfunctional thiiranes, and polymerizates, e.g., optical lenses, prepared therefrom. The described polymerizates may have a refractive index of at least 1.6, and an Abbe number of at least 27.

Abstract: A projector is often positioned so that its optical axis is at an imperfect orthogonal angle with respect to a projection screen. This position causes a keystone distortion as well as imperfect focus in the projected image. To correct these undesirable problems, initially, a lens and/or an image-forming plate is independently repositioned to bring the projected image into focus based upon user input data. The keystone distortion is also corrected by redrawing the image on an image-forming surface based upon additional user input data.

Abstract: This invention relates to electrochromic devices containing UV-protected electrochromic solutions comprising at least one oxidizable substance RED1 and at least one reducible substance OX2 linked by a bridging group and a UV absorber component.

Abstract: A picture display device is disclosed comprising a suitable substrate carrying a plurality of colour cells wherein each colour cell is capable of exhibiting a change in its external colour from a first colour to a second colour and/or of emitting electromagnetic energy at least in the form of visible light Each said colour cell comprises colour change and/or luminescent means characterised in enabling said cell to exhibit a colour change from said first colour to said second colour and/or in enabling said cell to emit electromagnetic energy at least in the form of visible light in correlation to the application of electrical current and/or voltage to the said cell; suitable electrical connections electrically connectable to a suitable electrical power supply and adapted to provide said colour cell with a suitable electrical current and/or voltage; said device characterised in being substantially disposable.

Abstract: An electronic imaging system is disclosed, for assessing the intensity of calorimetric, fluorescent or luminescent signal in a matrix consisting of wells, microwells, hybridization dot blots on membranes, gels, or other specimens. The system includes a very sensitive area CCD detector, a fast, telecentric lens with epi-illumination, a reflective/transmissive illumination system, an illumination wavelength selection device, and a light-tight chamber. A computer and image analysis software are used to control the hardware, correct and calibrate the images, and detect and quantify targets within the images.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projection display device comprising an illumination system having a light source and an optical guiding means for providing an illumination beam, an image display system comprising a display panel for modulating the illumination beam with image information and projecting the image on a screen, and color filter means provided on a wheel, rotatably mounted at its hub, for transmitting colored portions of the illumination beam for illuminating the display panel. In order to simplify the manufacture of the projection display device, the color filter wheel is provided with one or more cholesteric layers for reflecting a portion of the illumination beam not having a predetermined color and having a circular polarization corresponding to a first direction.

Abstract: An image projector employs a prism assembly that receives incident light, illuminates a reflective light modulator, and receives therefrom reflected imaging light for direction toward a small-diameter light entry pupil of a light-weight, compact projection lens. The prism assembly includes compensating and output prism components having opposed surfaces separated by an air gap. The prism assembly sets up a correct illumination angle on the DMD and then separates the incident illumination light from the reflected imaging light. Each on-state micromechanical DMD mirror reflects the illumination light nearly normal to a horizontal datum plane, forming reflected imaging light that reflects off the air gap and reenters the prism assembly through the output prism component. A focusing lens disposed between the prism assembly and the DMD refracts the reflected imaging light into a converging imaging light bundle compatible with the small diameter light entry pupil of the projection lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical element comprising a substrate which is provided with a transparent layer comprising an organic polymer network and one or more photochromic compounds, in which the transmission of the optical element in the visible wavelength range changes in response to a variation of incident light, while the transparent layer comprising photochromic compounds is provided with a protective coating on the side remote from the substrate side.

Abstract: An electronic imaging system is disclosed, for assessing the intensity of calorimetric, fluorescent or luminescent signal in a matrix consisting of wells, microwells, hybridization dot blots on membranes, gels, or other specimens. The system includes a very sensitive area CCD detector, a fast, telecentric lens with epi-illumination, a reflective/transmissive illumination system, an illumination wavelength selection device, and a light-tight chamber. A computer and image analysis software are used to control the hardware, correct and calibrate the images, and detect and quantify targets within the images.

Abstract: A projector is often positioned so that its optical axis is at an imperfect orthogonal angle with respect to a projection screen. This position causes a keystone distortion as well as imperfect focus in the projected image. To correct these undesirable problems, initially, a lens and/or an image-forming plate is independently repositioned to bring the projected image into focus based upon user input data. The keystone distortion is also corrected by redrawing the image on an image-forming surface based upon additional user input data.

Abstract: An optical modulator has a spectral means for diffracting white illumination light into light of predetermined wavelength bands, a liquid crystal layer for modulating the intensity of the light entering a plurality of two-dimensional pixels, a condensing means for condensing the light spectrally diffracted by the spectral means so as to direct the light to each pixel of the liquid crystal layer, and a reflecting means for reflecting the light that passes through the liquid crystal layer in approximately the same direction as the entering light.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing laser speckle in a laser illuminated system where a line illumination produced by a laser is scanned across a diffuse service is preferably incorporated in a display apparatus where a two dimensional image is produced on a display screen. The display apparatus includes a light modulator, a wavefront modulator, and a projection/scanning optical arrangement. The light modulator modulates a laser illumination to form a line image made up of a linear array of pixels. The wavefront modulator varies a spatial phase across a width of the line image thus forming a phase modulated wavefront. The projection/scanning optical arrangement projects the line image onto the display screen and scans the line image over the display screen. The phase modulated wavefront produces multiple speckle patterns that are averaged as the line image is scanned and, thus, produces the reduced laser speckle.

Abstract: A method of connecting first electrodes formed on a first substrate to second electrodes formed on a second substrate and partially coated with a resist pattern so as to substantially expose an opening thereof at a surface of the second electrodes includes (a) coating the second electrodes with a solder at the opening of the resist pattern, (b) aligning the first electrodes with the second electrodes, and (c) electrically connecting the first electrodes to the second electrodes through the solder by heat-pressing the first and second electrodes with a heat-pressure bonding head including a tip face having a width smaller than a width of the opening of the resist pattern so as to heat-press the first and second electrodes at an entire region of the tip face of the heat-pressure bonding head. The method is effective in performing a good electrical connection between electrodes through a solder irrespective of an amount of the solder.

Abstract: The main aim of the present invention is a method of preparing photochromic or non-photochromic organic pieces of optical quality and especially organic lenses, by radical polymerisation of a mixture of radically polymerisable monomers, characterised in that it comprises: a) adjusting, by pre-polymerisation, the viscosity of said mixture, to a value between 0.4 and 2 Pa.s; b) pouring said pre-polymerised mixture into a mould; c) photogelifying, in said mould, said pre-polymerised mixture until its gel point; d) completing the polymerisation of said pre-polymerised and gelified mixture in said mould, by heat treatment; adding effective amounts of at least one thermal catalyst and of at least one photoinitiator intervening in said mixture of monomers for the implementation of said pre-polymerisation, photogelification and polymerisation; said photoinitiator(s) intervening in an amount less than or equal to 0.009 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of said mixture of monomers.

Abstract: The invention concerns photochromic compounds with the following Formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sup.1 is a asymmetric aliphatic monocyclic group with the Formula, ##STR2## where l=1-12, and R.sup.9 is H or an alkyl, alkoxy, dialkylamino, alkyl ester or CN group with the condition that at least one of the R.sup.9 groups is not H,R.sup.2 -R.sup.7 can have a variety of meanings, A represents a (hetero)aromatic ring which can be substituted and n is a whole number.Application to the production of photochromic articles made of organic polymer, notably lenses.

Abstract: Polysiloxane copolymers containing both photochromic and lightstabilizing groups with enhanced UV-fatigue resistance can be used as coatings for devices with variable optical density, including lenses, glazing, textiles and the like, to provide light-sensitive darkening effects. The photochromic groups are spironaphtooxazine groups and the lightstabilizing groups are hindered amine light stabilizing (HALS) groups.

Abstract: A process for intramolecularly condensing a polyamic acid composition containing an NLO compound to form a polyimide host matrix composition containing as a guest the NLO compound, which process includes the step of uniformly heating the polyamic acid composition, in the absence of a solvent or diluent, to a temperature at which the intramolecular condensation will occur without thermal degradation of the NLO compound, so that the temperature differential within the polyamic acid is below that which will produce localized thermal degradation temperatures, until the intramolecular condensation of the polyamic acid composition to the polyimide host matrix composition is substantially complete. Polyimide host matrix compositions containing guest NLO compounds prepared by the inventive process are also disclosed, wherein the NLO compounds have external field-induced molecular alignments.

Abstract: A viewing device that selectively attenuates light from bright objects, leaving light from dim objects substantially unaffected. The invention comprises an array of optical systems each of which contains one or more focusing elements which focus an image of the object field onto a focal plane, and one or more eyepiece elements for viewing portions of the focused image. The optical systems in the array are aligned to permit the viewed portions to be seen coherently to form a composite view of the object field. A photoactive layer is located at the focal plane. The photoactive layer may be a photochromic system that darkens when exposed to intense light and returns to the clear state when the intensity is substantially reduced. The light path through the device is folded using optical elements such as mirrors or prisms to minimize the size of the device. The photoactive layer may be a system of several layers functioning as a light valve.

Abstract: A nonlinear optical material composed of a polyimide obtained from a diamine and/or a diacid anhydride or dithioacid anhydride substituted by a portion having a nonlinear optical effect or of molecules having a benzocyclobutene structure substituted at the portions having an nonlinear linear optical effect.

Abstract: A method of using a display system having a spatial light modulator (14) to display holographic images. The spatial light modulator (14) generates images that represent vertical strips of a hologram. These images are de-magnified by a three-dimensional optics unit (18), in the horizontal direction so as to form image strips. A scanning mirror (45) scans the image strips in a series across an image plane at a rate sufficiently fast that the viewer perceives a composite hologram comprised of these image strips.

Abstract: A device for viewing an object field containing intense light sources which could be disturbing or harmful to the human eye. Light from the object field is focused at a focal plane located within a layer of photochromic material. An intense light source produces an opaque mask in the photochromic layer. This mask matches the location and shape of the image of the intense light source at the image plane. An eyepiece permits a viewer to view the image plane to obtain an image of the object field with light from the intense light source dimmed by the opaque mask in the photochromic layer.

Abstract: An optical memory having a light valve for each memory bit. Each bit is programmed in a WRITE mode to pass or inhibit optical energy emitted from a local source of illumination and thus store a binary value of "1" or "0". A short length of optical fiber guides light from the light valve in a READ mode to the core of a transmission fiber which acts as a series transmission line for an optical pulse sequence when each of a plurality of the light valves is illuminated by a respective optical source, e.g., a light emitting diode. An optical energy absorbing termination is located at one end of the series transmission fiber while an optical amplifier device is located at the opposite or output end and, where necessary in between, with the amplified pulse sequence from the transmission fiber being thereafter coupled to one or more individual optical receiver and transducer units which generate respective corresponding electrical utilization signals.

Abstract: An input incoherent optical image to be supplied to a microchannel spatial light modulator (MSLM) is produced by a CRT in accordance with an input electric signal provided from a computer. An output coherent optical image is read-out by launching a laser beam into an electro-optic material incorporated in the MSLM which stores the input image as a refractive index distribution.

Abstract: A spatial light modulation device includes a spatial light modulation tube and converts a one-dimensional photoelectron image into a two-dimensional electron image, rotating the two-dimensional electron image, subjecting the rotated two-dimensional electron image and a previously stored electron image to addition or subtraction, and stores the electron image thus processed.