Abstract: A device for fabricating a quartz microfluidic chip by a femtosecond pulse cluster. The device includes: a femtosecond pulse cluster laser source configured to output a femtosecond pulse cluster; a beam splitting and interference system, configured to split the femtosecond pulse cluster into a plurality of parts, and to converge split parts to form a femtosecond pulse cluster plasma or a femtosecond pulse cluster plasma grating; a sample system configured to move the electronic displacement platform where a quartz glass is placed to control a position where the parts of the femtosecond pulse cluster are converged on the quartz glass; and a hydrofluoric acid immersion system configured to immerse the quartz glass in a diluent hydrofluoric acid solution to remove an ablated part of the quartz glass to form the quartz microfluidic chip.

Abstract: A light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system includes light sources configured to generate separate beams of light, a lens array configured to receive the separate beams of light from the light sources and to collimate the separate beams of light into collimated outgoing light that is directed toward an examined area of interest, a light sensitive detector configured to sense reflection of at least part of the collimated outgoing light, and one or more processors configured to determine a distance to one or more objects off which the at least part of the collimated outgoing light was reflected toward the light sensitive detector. The one or more processors are configured to determine the distance based on the reflection of the at least part of the collimated outgoing light.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit may be coupled to an optical fiber and packaged. The optical fiber may be supported by a fiber holder during a solder reflow process performed to mount the packaged photonic integrated circuit to a circuit board or other substrate. The optical fiber may be decoupled from the fiber holder, and the fiber holder removed, after completion of the solder reflow process.

Abstract: A pulse transformer for modifying the amplitude and phase of short optical pulses includes a pulse source and an adaptively controlled stretcher or compressor including at least one fiber Bragg grating (FBG) configured to receive pulses from the pulse source and having a first second-order dispersion parameter (D21). The pulse transformer further includes at least one optical amplifier configured to receive pulses from the FBG and a compressor configured to receive pulses from the at least one optical amplifier. The compressor has a second second-order dispersion parameter (?D22), an absolute value of the first second-order dispersion parameter (|D21|) and an absolute value of the second second-order dispersion parameter (|?D22|) that are substantially equal to one another to within 10%.

Abstract: A fiber-based optical amplifier for operation at an eye-safe input signal wavelength ?S within the 2 ?m region is formed to include a section of Holmium (Ho)-doped optical gain fiber. The pump source for the fiber amplifier is particularly configured to provide pump light at a wavelength where the absorption coefficient of the Ho-doped optical gain fiber exceeds its gain coefficient (referred to as an “absorption-dominant pump wavelength”), and is typically within the range of 1800-1900 nm. The selection of an absorption-dominant pump wavelength limits the spontaneous emission of the pump from affecting the amount of gain achieved at the higher wavelength end of the operating region. The amount of crosstalk between the signal wavelength and pump wavelength is also reduced (in comparison to using the conventional 1940 nm pump wavelength).

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for creating a sequence of turn-up processes for amplifiers. A method, according to one implementation, includes determining when a fiber span is initially installed in an optical line system or when an Optical Line Failure (OLF) in the fiber span has recovered. The optical line system includes a first set of amplifiers deployed at an upstream node and a second set of amplifiers deployed at a downstream node, the upstream node connected to the downstream node via the fiber span. In response to determining that the fiber span is initially installed in the optical line system or that an ORL in the fiber span has recovered, the method also includes sending a flag from the upstream node to the downstream node to allow the first set of amplifiers to perform a first turn-up process before the second set of amplifiers perform a second turn-up process.

Abstract: Nanostructured shapes comprising at least a first part and a second part. The first part has a longitudinal axis L and comprises a first absorbing material and an emitting material. The second part is connected to the first part and comprises a second absorbing material. The second part mainly absorbs light with direction of polarization other than the long axis L of the first part, and the nanostructured shape emits light mainly polarized along the long axis L of the first part. The disclosure further relates to an assembly of nanostructured shapes, to a method of synthesizing nanostructured shapes and to a polarizing light emitting plate comprising such nanostructured shapes.

Abstract: A telecommunications assembly includes a chassis defining an interior region and a tray assembly disposed in the interior region. The tray assembly includes a tray and a cable spool assembly. The cable spool assembly is engaged to a base panel of the tray. The cable spool assembly is adapted to rotate relative to the tray. The cable spool assembly includes a hub, a flange engaged to the hub and an adapter module. The flange defines a termination area. The adapter module is engaged to the termination module of the flange. The adapter module is adapted to slide relative to the flange in a direction that is generally parallel to the flange between an extended position and a retracted position.

Abstract: There is provided a method, apparatus and system for determining multipath interference (MPI) in optical communications. It is object of embodiments of the present disclosure to provide an effective, low-cost way of detecting or measuring MPI. To effectively detect and measure the MPI, multiple zero-power gaps are inserted into the transmission signal (optical signal) in time domain. In some embodiments, at least some of the zero-power gaps inserted in the main signal do not overlap the zero-power gaps of the reflection of the main signal. Using the zero-power gaps contained the main signal and the reflection (where applicable), power inside and outside the zero-power gaps are determined. Then, the strength of the MPI is determined based on the determined power inside and outside the zero-power gaps.

Abstract: Quantum network devices, systems, and methods are provided to enable long-distance transmission of quantum bits (qubits) for applications such as Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), entanglement distribution, and other quantum communication applications. Such systems and methods provide for separately storing first, second, third, and fourth photons, wherein the first and second photons and the third and fourth photons are respective first and second entangled photon pairs, triggering a synchronized retrieval of the stored first, second, third, and fourth photons such that the first photon is propagated to a first node, the second and third photons are propagated to a second node, and the fourth photon is propagated to a third node, and creating a new entangled pair comprising the first and fourth photons at the first and third nodes to transmit quantum information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for manipulating and modulating of laser beams. The methods and apparatuses enable activating and deactivating of laser beams, while the laser systems maintain their operating power. Further, a hybrid pump module configured to be coupled to an optical fiber having a core and at least one clad, comprising: at least one focusing lens in optical with the optical fiber; plurality of diode modules, each configured to output a multi-mode beam in optical path with the clad; and at least one core associated module, in optical path with the core, configured to provide selected functions. Further, apparatus and methods configured for frequency doubling of optical radiation.

Abstract: Disclosed in a communication device including a light source over a substrate and a liquid crystal element over the light source. The light source includes first to third light-emitting elements and first to third light-guide plates. The first light-emitting element is configured to emit first light. The second light-emitting element is configured to emit second light different in wavelength from the first light. The third light-emitting element is configured to emit third light different in wavelength from the first light and the second light. The first to third light-guide plates are arranged in a stripe shape and is configured so that the first light to the third light are respectively incident thereon. The liquid crystal element overlaps the first to third light-guide plates. The liquid crystal element is configured to independently control irradiation regions of the first to third lights incident through the first to third light-guide plates.

Abstract: A downhole motor or pump assembly that includes a stator and a rotor rotatable within the stator. The stator includes a tubular housing and an overlay deposited by cold spray onto an interior of the housing to form overlay lobes along a first length of the stator. The downhole motor or pump may be used to perform downhole operations.

Abstract: A laser device includes element circuits, a front optical system, and a reflective optical system. The front optical system forms a plurality of light beams by collimating a plurality of phase modulated light signals input from the element circuits, and generate a plurality of partially reflected light signals by partially reflecting the plurality of phase modulated light signals. The reflective optical system multiplexes the input local oscillation light with the plurality of partially reflected light signals by reflecting the local oscillation light in a direction of the front optical system. The element circuits can convert each of a plurality of interference light signals generated by multiplexing of the plurality of partially reflected light signals and the local oscillation light into a plurality of electric signals, and can detect a phase error between the plurality of electric signals and a reference signal.

Abstract: A manufacturing method for an optical fiber, includes: drawing, while heating in a heating furnace, a lower end of an optical fiber preform that is to be an optical fiber having a core consisting of silica glass containing a rare earth element compound. The heating furnace has a temperature profile in which a temperature of the heating furnace increases to a maximum temperature Tmax and then decreases from an upstream side of the heating furnace toward a downstream side of the heating furnace. The temperature profile has a changing point at which the temperature decreases more steeply on the downstream side from a position where the maximum temperature Tmax is reached. At the maximum temperature, a temperature of the silica glass is higher than or equal to a glass transition temperature and the silica glass is in a single phase.

Abstract: A system includes a seed laser configured to generate a seed beam and multiple arrays of semiconductor diode lasers configured to generate multiple pump beams. The system also includes a Raman amplifier having a core, a first cladding around the core, and at least a second cladding around the first cladding. The core is configured to amplify the seed beam based on optical pump power provided by the pump beams. Each of the core, the first cladding, and the second cladding includes fused silica, and at least the core and the first cladding are doped. The core has a numerical aperture of approximately 0.06 or less and a diameter of approximately 20 ?m to approximately 25 ?m. The first cladding has a numerical aperture of approximately 0.17 or less and a diameter of approximately 35 ?m to approximately 45 ?m.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a printer system based on high power, high brightness visible laser source for improved resolution and printing speeds. Visible laser devices based on high power visible laser diodes can be scaled using the stimulated Raman scattering process to create a high power, high brightness visible laser source.

Abstract: An optical fiber includes a core that propagates a light that includes a wavelength equal to or larger than 1000 nm and equal to or smaller than 1100 nm. The light propagates in the core at least in an LP01 mode and an LP11 mode. A difference between a propagation constant of the light in the LP01 mode and a propagation constant of the light in the LP11 mode is 1735 rad/m or larger and 4000 rad/m or smaller.

Abstract: An optical communication system having an optical transmission line, where a first section of the optical transmission line is connected to a first optical communication device; and a second section of the optical transmission line is connected to a second optical communication device. The optical communication system further includes: a Raman light source; an incident device connected to same end of the second section of the optical transmission line as the second optical communication device; and a separating device interconnecting the first section of the optical transmission line to the second section of the optical transmission line. The incident device causes excitation light output from the Raman light source to be incident to the second section of the optical transmission line and performs distributed Raman amplification on the optical signal; and the separating device separates the excitation light that is caused to be incident by the incident device.

Abstract: A photonic lantern couples light from several fibers or fiber cores into one or more fibers or fiber cores. Photonic lanterns are often used to combine several lower-power beams into a single higher-power beam. They can also be used to couple light from multi-core fibers into single-mode, multi-mode, or other multi-core fibers. By modulating the phases of the input beams, the light can be switched from output to output—for example, between output cores of a multi-core output fiber. If desired, the beams can also be amplified using an active fiber in or coupled to the photonic lantern. A first photonic lantern couples signal light and pump light into the core and cladding, respectively, of an active multi-mode or multi-core fiber. And the active multi-mode or multi-core fiber couples amplified signal light into output fiber(s) via a second photonic lantern.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating a quantum network system. The methods comprise, by a network node: generating optical clock pulses and photons using the optical clock pulses; generating a combined signal by combining the optical clock pulses with at least some of the photons such that a consistent temporal offset exits between the optical clock pulses and the first photons and/or a wave function of each photon at least partially overlaps an envelope of a respective one of the optical clock pulses; and transmitting the combined signal over a first quantum channel in which the optical clock pulses co-propagate with the photons.

Abstract: A rod-type photonic crystal fiber amplifier includes a signal coupling lens, a first dichroic mirror, a first hollow pump coupling lens, and a rod-type photonic crystal fiber. The rod-type photonic crystal fiber comprises a core and a cladding, wherein signal light is coupled into the core of the rod-type photonic crystal fiber through the signal coupling lens, and pump light is coupled into the cladding of the rod fiber through the hollow pump coupling lens. The structure optimizes the coupling between the signal light and the core of the rod-type photonic crystal fiber, and the coupling between the pump light and the cladding of the rod fiber respectively by introducing the hollow pump coupling lens. The purpose of this is to fully optimize the rod-type photonic crystal fiber amplifier, improve the amplification efficiency and improve the efficiency of a manufacturing process.

Abstract: A vehicle, Lidar system and method of detecting an object is disclosed. The Lidar system includes a photonic chip having an aperture, one or more photodetectors and a circulator. A transmitted light beam generated within the photonic chip exits the photonic chip via the aperture and a reflected light beam enters the photonic chip via the aperture, the reflected light beam being a reflection of the transmitted light beam from the object. The one or more photodetectors measure the parameter of the object from at least the reflected light beam. The circulator integrated into the photonic chip directs the transmitted light beam toward the aperture and directs the reflected light beam from the aperture to the one or more photodetectors. A navigation system navigates the vehicle with respect to the object based on the parameter of the object.

Abstract: A multi-fiber reel and adapter assembly includes a base, a cable reel mounted to the base, and a plurality of adapters fixedly mounted to the base. The cable reel is configured to rotate relative to the base and the adapters, and each of the adapters is configured to couple a fiber optic cable from the cable reel with a fiber optic drop cable that is configured to run from the respective adapter to a location of an end user that is remote from the assembly.

Abstract: A supercontinuum source may include a seed source providing seed light, where the seed source includes one or more seed lasers to generate the seed light and a seed controller to adjust at least one of a temporal pulse profile or a wavelength of the seed light. The supercontinuum source may further include an optical fiber to receive the seed light, where the seed source pumps the optical fiber to induce the generation of supercontinuum output light, and where a spectrum of the supercontinuum output light is controllable by adjusting at least one of the temporal pulse profile or the wavelength of the seed light with the seed controller.

Abstract: An all fiber wavelength selective coupler provides wavelength selective transfer of optical energy between two or more separated waveguides. The coupler includes signal cores that are separated enough that they can be fusion spliced to standard fibers as lead-in and lead-out pigtails. A bridge between the signal cores facilitates transfer of the optical energy through a process of evanescent coupling. In one example, the bridge is formed of a series of graded index cores.

Abstract: A quantum communications system may include a transmitter node, a receiver node, and a quantum communications channel coupling the transmitter node and receiver node. The transmitter node may include a pulse transmitter and a pulse divider downstream therefrom. The pulse divider may be configured to divide each pulse having a plurality of X photons into a plurality of Y time bins with Y>X. The receiver node may include a pulse recombiner and a pulse receiver downstream from the pulse recombiner.

Abstract: A gain fiber assembly for use in optical fiber amplification systems such as fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers utilizes an active or “bare” fiber that has a single glass cladding with an outer diameter of less is less than 80 ?m and preferably less than 60 ?m or even 40 ?m. A passive double-clad input fiber is stripped of the outer cladding and tapered to match the outer diameter of the bare fiber. A glass-fluid or glass-vacuum interface along the taper provides guidance of the pump into and along the cladding of the bare fiber and a NA>1 for a vacuum or gasses and an NA>0.8 for liquids. This allows for much shorter fiber lengths to reach max signal power and higher pump conversion efficiencies.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-channel, bi-directional optical communication module.

Abstract: An amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) light source and a method for using the ASE light source are provided. The ASE light source may include a seed stage light source for providing a light beam to be amplified. The apparatus may include a tunable element coupled to the seed stage light source configured for filtering a portion of the light beam from the seed stage light source. The apparatus may include a loopback circuit coupled to the tunable element, the loopback circuit comprising a booster stage element for amplifying light from the tunable element.

Abstract: A fiber amplifier system including a plurality of seed beam sources each generating a seed beam at a different wavelength and a plurality of fiber amplifiers that amplify the seed beams. The system also includes a spectral beam combining (SBC) grating that spatially combines the amplified beams and directs them in the same direction as an output beam, and a first fiber sampler and a second fiber sampler that generate a first fiber sample beam having a first intensity and a second fiber sample beam having a second intensity. The system further includes a configuration of optical and electrical feedback components that determine a difference between the first intensity and the second intensity and use the difference to control the wavelength of all of the seed beams so that all of the amplified beams are spatially aligned and propagating in the same direction in the output beam.

Abstract: A laser source for industrial operations including a first laser outlet and a second laser outlet. The laser source is switchable to selectively provide at the first laser outlet a high beam quality and relative low power or at the second laser outlet with a higher power and lower beam quality to better accommodate the particular process. In one example, a selector addressing unit includes movable mirrors to selectively direct the generated laser beams to either the first laser outlet or the second laser outlet. In another example the laser source is used in an industrial plant to provide laser beams to a plurality of processing cells. The laser source operable to selectively provide a laser beam having desired or optimum qualities for the particular processing cell.

Abstract: In order to realize a variable equalizer which is compact and has a wide range of tilt level adjustment, this variable equalizer is provided with a first optical equalizer group including a plurality of first equalizers having mutually different tilt amounts, a second optical equalizer group including a plurality of second equalizers, and an optical element for forming the optical path of an optical signal so that an inputted optical signal is outputted passing through a selected first optical equalizer and a selected second optical equalizer, at least one of the plurality of second optical equalizers having a tilt amount different from any of the plurality of first optical equalizers.

Abstract: In an example, a tandem pumped fiber amplifier may include a seed laser, one or more diode pumps, and a single or plural active core fiber. The single or plural active core fiber may include a first section to operate as an oscillator and a second different section to operate as a power amplifier. The one or more diode pumps may be optically coupled to the first section of the single or plural active core fiber, and the seed laser may be optically coupled to the single active core or an innermost core of the plural active core fiber.

Abstract: An object is to improve the efficiency of amplification by rare earth ion while maintaining beam quality of output light in a multi-mode fiber doped with rare earth ion. A multi-mode fiber (11) that includes a rare-earth-ion-doped core and that has a normalized frequency of not less than 2.40 includes a filter portion (111) that is formed by bending a partial section of or entirety of the multi-mode fiber (11), the filter portion (111) having a smallest diameter (diameter R1) that is set so that (1) only LP01, LP11, LP21, and LP02 modes propagate or only LP01 and LP11 modes propagate and (2) a loss of a highest-order one of the modes that propagate is not more than 0.1 dB/m.

Abstract: A terahertz (THz) waveguide and method for production allows for THz waveguides to be used in or on a printed circuit board (PCB) such that the propagation of THz waves require less power, result in less signal loss due to radiation or dispersion, and propagate more efficiently. Additionally, the position and/or geometry of a waveguide, as well as any additional antenna or coupling element, may be adjusted on or in the PCB such that the electromagnetic field of the waveguide may more efficiently couple with the electromagnetic field of the PCB.

Abstract: Disclosed is a laser system including a source, for generating a source signal, and an optical amplifier system. The laser system includes a pulse selection or variation device configured to select or vary the source signal so as to form a main signal composed of one or more light pulses. The main signal is temporally variable in terms of rhythm and/or amplitude. The laser system is configured to inject the main signal and a secondary signal into the optical amplifier system. The secondary signal is varied on the basis of the temporal variation in terms of rhythm and/or amplitude of the main signal so as to stabilize the power stored in the optical amplifier system in a time-dependent manner, and the laser system is configured to spatially separate the amplified main signal from the amplified secondary signal.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser source including a Mach-Zehnder interferometer including first and second arms. Each of these arms being divided into a plurality of consecutive sections. The first and second arms each include a gain-generating section forming first and second gain-generating waveguides, respectively. The laser source includes power sources able to deliver currents through the gain-generating waveguides such that the following condition is met: ? n = 1 N 2 ? L 2 , n ? neff 2 , n - ? n = 1 N 1 ? L 1 , n ? neff 1 , n = k f ? ? Si where: kf is a preset integer number higher than or equal to 1, N1 and N2 are the numbers of sections in the first and second arms, respectively, L1,n and L2,n are the lengths of the nth sections of the first and second arms, respectively, neff1,n and neff2,n are the effective indices of the nth sections of the first and second arms, respectively.

Abstract: A semiconductor laser module includes a semiconductor laser device that outputs laser light; an optical fiber that includes a core portion and a cladding portion formed at an outer periphery of the core portion and that receives the laser light from one end and guides the laser light to the outside of the semiconductor laser module; an optical part disposed at an outer periphery of the optical fiber, having optical transmittance at a wavelength of the laser light, and that fixes the optical fiber; a first fixative that fixes the optical part and the optical fiber; and a housing that accommodates the semiconductor laser device and the one end of the optical fiber that receives the laser light, wherein an optical reflection reducing region treated to absorb the laser light and having a rough surface is formed around the optical part.

Abstract: An all solid-state laser light source device comprises a diode-pump laser and the following devices sequentially arranged in an optical path direction of laser light: a coupling optical fiber, a coupling lens assembly, and a resonant cavity. An anisotropic laser crystal is provided in the resonant cavity. Absorption spectra of the anisotropic laser crystal comprise a ? polarization absorption spectrum and a ? polarization absorption spectrum. Each of the ? polarization absorption spectrum and the ? polarization absorption spectrum has a peak pump region and a left pump region and a right pump region arranged on either side of the peak pump region. Pump light outputted by diode-pump laser has a wavelength ? falling within the left pump region or the right pump region.

Abstract: This disclosure describes devices related to multiplexing optical data signals. A system may be disclosed for multiplexing one or more optical data signals. The system may comprise a forty channel dense wave division multiplexer (DWDM) configured combine one or more optical data signals. The system may comprise a booster optical amplifier configured to amplify the combined one or more optical data signals and output a first amplified optical data signal. The system may comprise a variable optical amplifier (VOA) communicatively configured to receive the amplified first optical data signal, adjust the power of the amplified first optical data signal to a first level, and output a second optical data signal. The system may comprise a WDM communicatively coupled to the VOA, the WDM configured to output a combined second optical data signal and one or more third signals to a primary fiber.

Abstract: A single mode (SM) high power laser system is configured with a laser source outputting a single mode or low mode kW-power light and a passive delivery fiber spliced to an output fiber of the fiber laser source and having a double bottleneck-shaped core. The latter is configured to increase a threshold for nonlinear effects in general and in particular for stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) so that the delivery passive fiber has a fiber length at least twice the length of a delivery passive fiber with a standard uniformly dimensioned core, which may be used with the same laser source, while outputting the kW-power light with an M2 factor less than 2.

Abstract: A cladding mode light removal structure includes: an input-side exposure portion where a covering is removed from an end of an input-side optical fiber to expose a cladding of the input-side optical fiber; an output-side exposure portion where a covering is removed from an end of an output-side optical fiber to expose an output-side cladding of the output-side optical fiber; a fusion splice portion at which the input-side exposure portion and the output-side exposure portion are connected by fusion splice; a fiber housing portion having an accommodation space that receives the input-side exposure portion, the output-side exposure portion, and the fusion splice portion; a high refractive index resin having a refractive index equal to or higher than that of the cladding exposed at the input-side exposure portion; and a low refractive index portion of a medium.

Abstract: A fiber amplifier system including an optical source providing an optical seed beam and an FM electro-optic modulator (EOM) that frequency modulates the seed beam to broaden its spectral linewidth. The system also includes an AM EOM that modulates the seed beam to provide an amplitude modulated seed beam that is synchronized with the frequency modulated seed beam. The system also includes a non-linear fiber amplifier receiving the AM and FM modulated seed beam, wherein the amplitude modulated seed beam causes self-phase modulation in the fiber amplifier that phase modulates the seed beam as it is being amplified by the fiber amplifier that acts to cancel the spectral linewidth broadening caused by the frequency modulation.

Abstract: An apparatus and its use for laser processing along with a method and an optical component. A first laser device provides a first optical feed fiber and a second laser device provides a second optical feed fiber. A beam combining means connected to the first and second feed fibers and to a multi-core optical fiber is adapted to form a composite laser beam by having the first optical feed fiber aligned with a first core of the multi-core optical fiber and the second optical feed fiber aligned with at least one second core of the multi-core optical fiber. The first and second cores outputs a composite laser beam to a workpiece to be processed. A control unit individually controls the power density of the output laser beams.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a laser system that includes a first fiber having an output end and situated to propagate a first laser beam with a first beam parameter product (bpp) and a second fiber having an input end spliced to the output end of the first fiber at a fiber splice so as to receive the first laser beam and to form a second laser beam having a second bpp that is greater than the first bpp, wherein the output end of the first fiber and the input end of the second fiber are spliced at a tilt angle so as to increase the first bpp to the second bpp.

Abstract: A pump reflector for efficiently recycling unabsorbed pump radiation in a diode-pumped fiber laser includes a core for guiding a laser beam, a pump cladding, and a tapered capillary tube. Pump radiation is adiabatically guided in the tapered capillary tube, which includes a mirror that is reflective for the pump radiation. The pump reflector may be packaged as a fiber component for co-propagating or counter-propagating fiber laser amplifiers and resonators.

Abstract: A multi-clad optical fiber design is described in order to provide low optical loss, a high numerical aperture (NA), and high optical gain for the fundamental propagating mode, the linearly polarized (LP) 01 mode in the UV and visible portion of the optical spectrum. The optical fiber design may contain dopants in order to simultaneously increase the optical gain in the core region while avoiding additional losses during the fiber fabrication process. The optical fiber design may incorporate rare-earth dopants for efficient lasing. Additionally, the modal characteristics of the propagating modes in the optical core promote highly efficient nonlinear mixing, providing for a high beam quality (M2<1.5) output of the emitted light.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for testing a fiber optic network including a fiber distribution hub. The method includes providing a test splitter within the fiber distribution hub to provide optical connectivity between an F1 fiber and at least a portion of an F2 fiber network. The method also includes testing sending a test signal from the F1 fiber through the test splitter to the F2 fiber network, and replacing the test splitter after testing has been completed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a touch device including a display to display a screen image, and a radar system under the display to detect a touch.