Abstract: A freeform surface optical telescope imaging system is provided. The freeform surface optical telescope imaging system comprises a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a compensating mirror, and a spherical mirror. The primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the compensating mirror, and the spherical mirror are spaced from each other. A surface shape of each of the primary mirror and the secondary mirror is a quadric surface. The primary mirror is used as an aperture stop. A surface shape of the compensating mirror is a freeform surface. A surface shape of the spherical mirror is a spherical surface. A light emitted from a light source would be reflected by the primary mirror, the secondary mirror, the compensating mirror, and the spherical mirror to form an image on an image plane.

Abstract: A device and method for irradiating a target structure with laser radiation. The device has at least one laser light source and at least one optical element, by means of which the laser radiation is guided through a light outlet opening and focused at a focal point outside the light outlet. The optical element includes an arrangement of a convex mirror inside a hollow mirror, the mirrors being arranged such that laser radiation emitted from the laser light source enters the hollow mirror at least partially through an opening, and the laser radiation that passes through the opening hits the convex mirror, is deflected from the convex mirror to the hollow mirror, and passes through the light outlet opening from the hollow mirror.

Abstract: A stereo microscope of the Greenough type includes two separate imaging channels. The imaging channels have, starting from a common reference plane, beam paths that extend parallel to one another. An optical assembly sets a stereo angle in a Greenough stereo microscope.

Abstract: An optical sensor system includes a primary mirror configured to receive electromagnetic radiation from the objects, a secondary mirror configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation reflected from the primary mirror, and a tertiary mirror configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation reflected from the secondary mirror. The system further includes a dichroic beamsplitter configured to direct electromagnetic radiation from a first spectrum along a first axis and to direct electromagnetic radiation from a second spectrum along a second axis. The system further includes a first image plane configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the first spectrum along the first axis to form a first image of the objects and a second image plane configured to receive the electromagnetic radiation from the second spectrum along the second axis to form a second image of the objects.

Abstract: A variable magnification optical system consists of, in order from an object side, a first optical system remaining stationary during changing magnification and a second optical system including a plurality of lens groups moving during changing magnification. The first optical system includes a first mirror and a second mirror having reflective surfaces arranged to face each other. The first mirror is an optical element having a power at a position closest to the object side on an optical path and has a reflective surface concave toward the object side. The second mirror has a reflective surface convex toward the image side. An intermediate image is formed between the second mirror and the second optical system.

Abstract: A variety of femtoprojector optical systems are described. Each of them can be made small enough to fit in a contact lens using plastic injection molding, diamond turning, photolithography and etching, or other techniques. Most, but not all, of the systems include a solid cylindrical transparent substrate with a curved primary mirror formed on one end and a secondary mirror formed on the other end. Any of the designs may use light blocking, light-redirecting, absorbing coatings or other types of baffle structures as needed to reduce stray light.

Abstract: A telescope including a fastener plate, a primary mirror carried by a front face of the plate, and a secondary mirror held facing the primary mirror by a support. The primary mirror is connected to the plate by fastener elements each having a bearing receiving a pin as a sliding fit, the pin being adhesively bonded in the bearing by means of a structural adhesive; and in that the pin is provided with a central channel having a first end opening out into a portion of the pin that is accessible when the pin is in position in the holes in order to receive one end of a cannula for injecting adhesive, and a second end opening out at least into a transverse channel having at least one end opening out into the bearing.

Abstract: An optical system (e.g., a telescope) comprising an optical assembly that reflects and refracts light rays through a single window about an optical path to a detector. A field-of-view bypass assembly comprises a bypass mirror movably coupled with respect to the optical assembly. The bypass mirror is selectively translatable and tiltable between a bypass configuration and a retracted configuration. In the bypass configuration, the bypass mirror is disposed in and interrupts the primary optical path and oriented to define a secondary optical path to the detector. In the retracted configuration, the bypass mirror is both disposed out of the primary optical path and is properly shielded to prevent stray light reflections.

Abstract: A bifocal anastigmatic telescope with five aspherical mirrors, comprises: a concave first mirror, a convex second mirror, a concave third mirror and a first detector, which are common to a first and second focal length of the telescope, a first fourth mirror and a first fifth mirror that are associated with the first focal length, and a second fourth mirror and a second fifth mirror that are associated with the second focal length, the first mirror and the second mirror being arranged to form, from an object at infinity, an intermediate image situated between the second mirror and the third mirror, and for each focal length: the fixed positions and forms of the mirrors associated with the focal length being determined from the generalized Korsch equations with 5 mirrors, with the constraint of the first, second and third mirror and of the first focal plane that are common to the two focal lengths, and so as to optimize the image quality in the first focal plane of the telescope in accordance with a predetermi

Abstract: An optical system, apparatus, and method for sensing 360-degree horizontal and wide vertical field of view are shown. Powerful optics creates high resolution decompressed images on an image sensor. The compact panoramic camera includes two major optical components: (i) an axially symmetric convex aspheric reflector incorporated into a catadioptric optical element capable of providing a virtual curved image of a 360-degree panoramic scene with a specific image compression and (ii) a decompression lens with hardware aperture. The decompression lens is comprised of three single lens elements and accepts the virtual curved and compressed image and projects it onto the image sensor with high optical resolution and desirable image decompression to achieve a high digital resolution at the same time. Another version of decompression lens is comprised only of a single lens element and projects high resolution decompressed images onto an image sensor.

Abstract: An optical system for panoramic stereoscopic imaging can include an outer reflector and an inner reflector, which can both be configured to reflect light to a camera. The outer reflector can include striations or other reflection elements to turn the light that is reflected to the camera such that first and second light rays that are parallel and offset from each other (e.g., suitable for stereoscopic 3D viewing) can be reflected by the respective outer and inner reflectors to the camera. The outer reflector can be partially reflective and partially transmissive so that some light can pass through the outer reflector to be reflected by the inner reflector to the camera. The camera can capture a single image having a first portion that corresponds to a view generated by the inner reflector, and a second portion that corresponds to a stereoscopically offset view generated by the outer reflector.

Abstract: A telescope including a fastener plate, a primary mirror carried by a front face of the plate, and a secondary mirror held facing the primary mirror by a support, wherein the support includes a primary sleeve mounted around the primary mirror, a secondary sleeve mounted around the secondary mirror, arms connecting the secondary sleeve to the primary sleeve, and mechanical decoupler for decoupling the secondary mirror relative to the primary mirror.

Abstract: A three-aspherical-mirror anastigmat telescope comprises: means for moving the third mirror linearly along the optical axis of the telescope to make the focal length of the telescope change between a minimum focal length and a maximum focal length, a deformable and controllable mirror, means for changing the optical path between the deformable mirror and the detector, the third mirror having a new conicity determined from an initial conicity, the initial conicity determined from the Korsch equations, the new conicity determined so that the telescope has, in the absence of the deformable mirror and for the minimum and maximum focal lengths, aberrations that are compensable by the deformable mirror, the fixed median position of the deformable mirror and the form of its surface, for the minimum focal length and maximum focal length, respectively, being determined so as to correct the compensable aberrations and to optimize image quality in the focal plane of the telescope according to a preset criterion.

Abstract: A detector for detecting diffracted radiation which has been diffracted by a regular structure; said detector comprises: a sensor for sensing at least a portion of said diffracted radiation, said sensor having a first region and a second region; a first coating configured to allow transmission of radiation with wavelengths within a first range of wavelengths; and a second coating configured to allow transmission of radiation with wavelengths within a second range of wavelengths; wherein said first coating coats said first region of said sensor, and said second coating coats said second region of said sensor, and wherein said first and second regions are different regions.

Abstract: An optical system in which an aggressively compact reflective front end is combined with beam splitting elements and refractive relay optics to allow several imaging systems working in widely different wavelength bands to share a common aperture. The aggressively compact design results in significant field curvature at the uncorrected intermediate or virtual focus, which is corrected in the refractive relay optics for each band's imaging path.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a vitrectomy system is adapted to use photodisruption to rupture eye tissue. In some aspects, a photodisruption-based vitrectomy system includes a laser source configured to generate optical pulses having a pulse energy greater than a threshold energy for causing photodisruption in vitreous humor. The system also includes an optical switching device arranged to receive an output of the laser source, and an optical fiber with multiple cores that is arranged to receive an output of the optical switching device. The optical switching device is configured to select a core of the optical fiber and direct optical pulses received from the laser source into the selected core.

Abstract: An endoscopic system including an endoscope including an optical element including a marker disposed thereon, an optical formation device that changes an angle of view, and an image capturing device receiving light from the optical element via the optical formation device and processing circuitry that identifies the angle of view from an image captured by the image capturing device based on the marker in the image.

Abstract: An anastigmat Korsch telescope with three aspherical mirrors includes a bearing structure having a first face to which the first mirror is attached, a hollow structure of a shape elongated in a direction substantially perpendicular to the plane of the central aperture, limited by walls attached to the inside of which are the second mirror in a portion of the hollow structure located in front of the first mirror, and at least one other mirror selected from the third mirror and the at least one deflecting mirror, the walls having at least one first aperture so as to allow a light beam to pass through coming from the object originating from the first mirror and heading toward the second mirror, the bearing structure further comprising means of attachment of the hollow structure to the bearing structure, at least one structure selected from the hollow structure and the bearing structure having a portion traversing the central aperture.

Abstract: A three-aspherical-mirror anastigmat telescope comprises means for moving the third mirror linearly along the optical axis of the telescope so as to make the focal length of the telescope change to a plurality of focal lengths between at least a minimum focal length and a maximum focal length, a plurality of aspherical optical components respectively associated with the plurality of focal lengths, the third mirror having a new conicity determined from an initial conicity, the new conicity being determined so that the telescope has, in the absence of the aspherical components and for the minimum and maximum focal lengths, aberrations that are compensable by the aspherical components, the position and the form of the surface of each aspherical component being determined so as to correct the compensable aberrations of the telescope for the associated focal length and to optimize image quality in the first focal plane of the telescope according to a preset criterion.

Abstract: Certain configurations are described herein of an optical spectrometer and instruments including an optical spectrometer. In some instances, the optical spectrometer is configured to spatially separate provided wavelengths of light to permit detection or imaging of each provided wavelength of light. Improved sensitivities and detection limits may be achieved using the optical spectrometers described herein.

Abstract: A lens system includes a curved primary mirror and an aspheric secondary mirror. The aspheric secondary mirror has a diameter smaller than that of the primary mirror and shares an optical axis with the primary mirror. The aspheric secondary mirror and the primary mirror are rotationally symmetric with respect to the optical axis. A support member, which may be transparent over an operating wavelength of the lens system, is disposed on the aspheric secondary mirror.

Abstract: This Cassegrain reflector 200 is provided with a primary mirror 201 and a secondary mirror 202 disposed coaxially with the primary mirror 201 and laterally supported by a plurality of supporting rods. The Cassegrain reflector 200 causes the light incident through an opening 212 formed along an axial line L of the primary mirror 201 to be reflected onto the secondary mirror 202, and then causes the light to be reflected onto the primary mirror 201 in order to emit the light toward a measurement position through an opening 231 formed on the side of the secondary mirror 202. A Cassegrain reflector retention mechanism 6 for retaining the Cassegrain reflector 200 is provided with a retainer 61 for retaining the Cassegrain reflector 200, and a rotation adjustment mechanism 60 for adjusting the rotational position of the plurality of supporting rods.

Abstract: A magnifying imaging optical unit serves for inspecting lithography masks which are used in EUV projection exposure. The imaging optical unit comprises at least two mirrors (M1 to M4) which can be displaced relative to one another for changing a magnification value. According to a further aspect, a magnifying imaging optical unit comprises at least one mirror (M1 to M4) and a magnification value, which can be changed by displacement of at least two mirrors (M1 to M4) relative to one another. Here, the magnification value can be changed between a minimum magnification value, which is greater than 100, and a maximum magnification value, which is greater than 200. An imaging optical unit emerges, which can be adapted to, in particular, mask structures with different sizes.

Abstract: A oblique camera lens includes: a primary mirror configured to reflect a light ray to form a first reflected light; a secondary mirror located on a first path of light reflected from the primary mirror and configured to reflect the first reflected light to form a second reflected light; a tertiary mirror located on a second path of light reflected from the secondary mirror and configured to reflect the second reflected light to form a third reflected light; and an image sensor located on a third path of light reflected from the tertiary mirror and configured to receive the third reflected light; wherein each of the first reflecting surface and the third reflecting surface is a sixth order xy polynomial freeform surface; and a field of view of oblique camera lens in an Y-axis direction is greater or equal to 35° and less than or equal to 65°.

Abstract: The present invention is compact and inexpensive, has good light efficiency, and enables a display image having a plurality of display distances to be displayed. A display emits projection light for displaying a display image at a predetermined position, and an image formation position adjusting mirror receives the projection light emitted from the display, performs conversion into a plurality of first projection light and second projection light that have different image formation distances by changing the image formation distance of the projection light that is at least part of the incident projection light, and reflects the first projection light and the second projection light to project the first projection light and the second projection light onto a first screen and a second screen.

Abstract: A reflective imager design that is telecentric in image space, or equivalently telecentric at an image plane, or equivalently having an exit pupil located substantially at infinity, while also having an external entrance pupil and a high throughput or fast optical speed is described.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a monolithic spectrometer for spectrally resolving light. The spectrometer comprises a body of solid material having optical surfaces arranged to guide the light along an optical path inside the body. A collimating surface and focusing surface are part of a single surface having a continuous optically functional shape. The surfaces of the body are arranged to have a third or fourth part of the optical path between a grating surface and an exit surface cross with a first part of the optical path between an entry surface and a collimating surface.

Abstract: A method for designing a oblique camera lens comprising: step (S1), establishing an initial system, the initial system comprises a primary mirror initial structure, a secondary mirror initial structure, and a tertiary mirror initial structure; step (S2), building a new image relationship; step (S3), keeping the primary mirror initial structure and the secondary mirror initial structure unchanged; selecting a plurality of first feature rays; step (S4), keeping the secondary mirror initial structure and the tertiary mirror unchanged; selecting a plurality of fields and a plurality of second feature rays.

Abstract: An imaging device includes an imaging optical system that includes a first optical system and a second optical system having independent characteristics; an imaging element that includes plural light-receiving sensors that pupil-split light passed through a corresponding optical system among the first optical system and the second optical system to receive the light; an image generation unit that generates a first captured image from an imaging signal output from the light-receiving sensors corresponding to the first optical system and generates a second captured image from an imaging signal output from the light-receiving sensors corresponding to the second optical system; a focus adjustment unit that adjusts a focus state of each of the first optical system and the second optical system in an independent manner; and a focus controller that controls the focus adjustment unit based on importance degree information.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a wider FOV for a telescope system are disclosed. In one embodiment, a telescope includes a primary mirror having an orifice, where an optical path originates from an object positioned in front of the primary mirror and reflects off the primary mirror. A secondary mirror is disposed adjacent to the primary mirror, where the optical path reflects off the secondary mirror and passes through the orifice in the primary mirror. The telescope includes a set of extended field corrector optics disposed along the optical path, the extended field corrector optics positioned to reflect light incident from the secondary mirror, where the set of extended field corrector optics includes two corrector mirrors. A tertiary mirror is disposed along the optical path and adjacent to the extended field corrector optics, the tertiary mirror positioned to reflect the light incident from the extended field corrector optics.

Abstract: An optical system and method comprising refracting light with a pair of Risley prisms and employing a line-of-sight control unit to adjust the pair.

Abstract: The present invention provides a projection optical system including a first concave reflecting surface, a first convex reflecting surface, a second concave reflecting surface, and a third concave reflecting surface, wherein the first concave reflecting surface, the first convex reflecting surface, the second concave reflecting surface, and the third concave reflecting surface are arranged such that light from an object plane forms an image on an image plane by being reflected by the first concave reflecting surface, the first convex reflecting surface, the second concave reflecting surface, the first convex reflecting surface, and the third concave reflecting surface in an order named.

Abstract: A five-mirror all-reflective afocal anastigmat. In one example, a five mirror afocal anastigmat includes five mirrors arranged to sequentially reflect from one another electromagnetic radiation received via a system entrance pupil to produce a collimated output beam of the electromagnetic radiation at a system exit pupil, the five mirrors consisting of three positive-powered mirrors and two negative-powered mirrors, wherein optical powers of the five mirrors are balanced to achieve a flat field condition at the system exit pupil.

Abstract: An iris recognition lens system including a first lens and a second lens disposed on an optical axis and sequentially from an object to take an image of an iris and a pupil. A front part of the first lens includes a reflecting area in a central portion and a transmitting area in a circumferential portion. A rear part of the first lens includes a concave transmitting area in a central portion and a reflecting area in a circumferential portion. The second lens is disposed at a rear of the transmitting area in the central portion of the rear part of the first lens. A plurality of reflecting areas and a plurality of transmitting areas are provided in a single lens in order to reduce the length of the lens and increase a focal length, thereby reducing the length of the entire iris recognition lens system.

Abstract: An off-axis three-mirror optical system with freeform surfaces comprised an aperture, a primary mirror, a secondary mirror, a tertiary mirror, and a detector. The aperture is located on an incident light path. The primary mirror is located on an aperture side. The secondary mirror is located on a primary mirror reflected light path. The tertiary mirror is located on a secondary mirror reflected light path. The detector located on a tertiary mirror reflected light path. The primary mirror and the tertiary mirror have a same fifth-order polynomial freeform surface expression. The primary mirror reflected light path, the secondary mirror reflected light path and the tertiary mirror reflected light path overlap with each other.

Abstract: There is provided a lens for a light emitter which includes: a bottom surface; an incident surface connected to the bottom surface at a central region of the bottom surface and disposed on or above a light source to allow light emitted from the light source to be made incident thereto and travel in an interior of the lens; and an output surface connected to the bottom surface at an edge of the bottom surface and configured to allow the light which has traveled in the interior of the lens to be emitted outwardly therefrom, wherein the central region of the bottom surface protrudes with respect to the other region of the bottom surface.

Abstract: A catadioptric light-field lens has a replaceable micro-mirror array including a plurality of micro-mirrors arranged in concentric rings; a light incidence region formed around the micro-mirror array; a main mirror which is configured to reflect light incident via the light incidence region and concentrate the light at the micro-mirror array; and a light exit region which is formed through the center portion of the main mirror to face the micro-mirror array.

Abstract: A housing assembly for a panoramic camera provides a protective housing that the camera can be placed in, and removed from, and which substantially reduces or eliminates undesirable second order reflections that would otherwise occur due to the presence of the additional optical layers of a transparent housing member and the gap between the transparent housing member and the cylindrical lens of the camera. Sealing members form a seal such that the concentric gap between the transparent housing member and the cylindrical lens can be filled with transparent liquid, thereby changing the optical properties of the system formed by the cylindrical lens, gap, and transparent housing member.

Abstract: A catadioptric lens system includes: a first lens group including a concave mirror and a convex mirror and having positive refractive power; a second lens group having positive refractive power; and a third lens group having negative refractive power, the first to third lens groups being provided, in order, on a light path of incident light and in a direction of travel of the incident light.

Abstract: A reflective imaging optical system which forms, on a second plane, an image of a pattern arranged on a first plane and illuminated with light from an illumination optical system includes a plurality of reflecting mirrors including first and second reflecting mirrors by which the light reflected by the first plane is reflected first, second, respectively. An area on the first plane illuminated with the light from the illumination optical system is an illumination objective area, the illumination objective area is positioned on a predetermined side of an optical axis of the reflecting mirrors, and reflection areas of the first and second reflecting mirrors are positioned on the predetermined side of the optical axis of the reflecting mirrors; and the first and second reflecting mirrors are arranged so that an optical path of the light from the illumination optical system is positioned between the first and second reflecting mirrors.

Abstract: A lithographic projection apparatus is provided with a EUV radiation system that includes a source chamber, a supply constructed and arranged to supply a target material to a predetermined plasma formation position, an optical system formed by three or more mirrors arranged to establish a beam path extending to the target material when the target material is located at the predetermined plasma formation position, and a laser system constructed and arranged to provide a laser beam along the beam path for interaction with the target material to produce an EUV radiation-emitting plasma inside the chamber.

Abstract: A camera system for a mobile device includes an array of compact catadioptric telescopes wherein at least some of the telescopes have a portion of their aperture truncated. At least some of the catadioptric telescopes in the array are tilted with respect to the system optical axis.

Abstract: An imaging optical system has a plurality of mirrors, which via a beam path for imaging light, image an object field in an object plane into an image field in an image plane. The imaging optical system has an exit pupil obscuration. At least one of the mirrors has no opening for passage of the imaging light. The fourth to last mirror in the beam path is concave, resulting in an imaging optical system having improved imaging properties without compromise in throughput.

Abstract: A microlithography projection optical system is disclosed. The system can include a plurality of optical elements arranged to image radiation having a wavelength ? from an object field in an object plane to an image field in an image plane. The plurality of optical elements can have an entrance pupil located more than 2.8 m from the object plane. A path of radiation through the optical system can be characterized by chief rays having an angle of 3° or more with respect to the normal to the object plane. This can allow the use of face shifting masks as objects to be imaged, in particular for EUV wavelengths.

Abstract: An afocal telescope configured for back-scanned imagery including a three mirror anastigmat and an optical element positioned proximate an intermediate image plane of the three mirror anastigmat and configured to adjust distortion characteristics of the afocal telescope to control image wander on a focal plane array. The optical element may be a field correcting lens or mirror, for example.

Abstract: An imaging system for use with an input light beam having power of 2 kW or greater and a predetermined intensity profile across at least on axis transverse to a propagation axis thereof, includes a mask disposed in relation to the input light beam, the mask configured to direct selected portions of the input light beam, and an optical relay disposed in relation to the mask and configured to reflectively direct the selected portions of the input light beam to a target.

Abstract: A membrane potential change detection device is provided with a reflection interference measurement light source, a holder which holds a transparent member on which cells are mounted, a reflection interference detection camera which images light emitted from the reflection interference measurement light source and reflected from the cells through the transparent member, to generate a reflection interference image, and an analysis unit which calculates a parameter dI about adhesion between the cells and the transparent member from the reflection interference image and detects a change of membrane potential of the cells on the basis of a change of the parameter dI.

Abstract: GEO satellites and other space objects are studied in daylight, twilight and at night using IR cameras in clusters of no more than three with programs for pointing the instruments at known locations of the GEO objects and satellites and receiving weak near IR signals. Detection instruments have minimal optical surfaces and simple optical paths directing IR through Kshort and combined Kshort and H near IR band filters in cryogenic assemblies. Large focal ratios and large apertures reduce the effect of sky brightness, lower noise and improve the target signal, increasing the noise to signal ratio. Sky background noise is reduced by co-adding hundreds of pixels, allowing for the faint IR signal integration of one second or more. Results are read after integration.

Abstract: A facet mirror is to be used as a bundle-guiding optical component in a projection exposure apparatus for microlithography. The facet mirror has a plurality of separate mirrors. For individual deflection of incident illumination light, the separate mirrors are in each case connected to an actuator in such a way that they are separately tiltable about at least one tilt axis. A control device, which is connected to the actuators, is configured in such a way that a given grouping of the separate mirrors can be grouped into separate mirror groups that include in each case at least two separate mirrors. The result is a facet mirror which, when installed in the projection exposure apparatus, increases the variability for setting various illumination geometries of an object field to be illuminated by the projection exposure apparatus. Various embodiments of separate mirrors for forming the facet mirrors are described.

Abstract: An imaging system includes a beam generating system configured to generate a light beam of 0.5 kW or greater with a predetermined intensity profile across at least one axis transverse to a propagation axis thereof and to direct the light beam along a beam path, a light modulator configured to receive the light beam and to modulate the light beam into a predetermined illumination pattern, and an optical relay configured to receive the portion of the light beam and reflectively project the beam to a target, wherein the illumination pattern is imaged at the target with substantially time-invariant spatial accuracies of 500 ?m or less in a plane transverse to the propagation axis and 1000 ?m or less parallel to the propagation axis.