Abstract: A microscope includes an objective lens and 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th magnification-varying optical systems of a same power, having optical axes parallel to the optical axis of the objective lens and positioned behind the objective lens and around the optical axis thereof. An objective unit houses the objective lens and the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th magnification-varying optical systems. A deflection optical system directs two specified light beams, among the light beams transmitted by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th magnification-varying optical systems, to a first direction and also directs the remaining two light beams to a second direction. A first observation optical system respectively forms images, for observation, by the two light beams directed to the first direction. A second observation optical system respectively forms images, for observation, by the two light beams directed to the second direction. First and second observation units are detachably mountable alternatively to the objective unit.

Abstract: A microscope includes an objective lens and a pair of zoom lenses arranged in series along an optical path from the objective lens to a video camera, which converts the output of the second zoom lens to a video signal for display of a magnified first image on an associated monitor. A portion of the output from the objective lens is split to a second video camera which generates a second video signal to display a second image on the monitor, of a different magnification from the first image. The objective is fixed on a holder which can be removably mounted in a receptacle on the microscope housing and retained therein by a manually releasable latch. An optical binocular eyepiece assembly has a prism which is selectively movable into the optical path to intercept the output of the second zoom lens. Illuminating visible light is transmitted from a remote source into the optical path and through the objective lens to illuminate the object viewed. A polarizer/analyzer unit is provided.

Abstract: In an eyepiece zoom lens having a lens configuration constituted by seven lenses in three groups, predetermined conditional expressions are satisfied so as to realize a zoom ratio of 3 while attaining a sufficient eye relief and ameliorating various kinds of aberration. The first lens group G.sub.1 is made stationary, whereas the second lens group G.sub.2 and the third lens group G.sub.3 are made as movable groups which, when changing the power, respectively move in directions opposite to each other on the optical axis while holding therebetween an object image which is formed between these two lens groups. Further, the eyepiece zoom lens is configured so as to satisfy the following conditional expressions:5<f.sub.1 /f.sub.m <7, 3.5<f.sub.2 /f.sub.m <4.5,-3.7<f.sub.3 /f.sub.m <-3, 0.1<S.sub.12 /f.sub.m <1.0, 6.0<S.sub.23 /f.sub.m <8.0,.nu..sub.1 <35, .nu..sub.2 <35, .nu..sub.

Abstract: An optical instrument having an eyepiece unit through which a viewer is able to view an object, a switch provided on the eyepiece unit and a control device controlling an optical system in the eyepiece unit based on an output signal from the switch.

Abstract: There is disclosed a microscope comprising a variable-magnification optical system provided in the optical path of the microscope and having at least an optical member movable in the direction of optical axis of the optical path, to vary the magnification of the observed image of the specimen, a rotary knob for moving the optical member in the direction of optical axis, a position indicating device for indicating when the rotary knob is in a rotary position where the optical member is in a predetermined position and a varying device for varying the predetermined position.

Abstract: A microscope includes a revolver on which are mounted at least three objective lenses having different magnifications, a driving device for revolving the revolver to switch the objective lens disposed in an optical path of the microscope, an operating device capable of giving a plurality of drive commands for disposing a desired objective lens in the optical path of the microscope to the driving device and an invalidating element for invalidating a specified drive command among the drive commands. The specified drive command serves to switch the objective lens disposed in the optical path of the microscope from a first objective lens having a minimum magnification to a second objective lens having a maximum magnification among the objective lenses.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope includes an objective optical system, a variable magnification optical system, and a plurality of imaging optical systems, in which the plurality of imaging optical systems can be moved in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the variable magnification optical system. Thus, the stereomicroscope has the advantage that where one of two observers wishes to observe a brighter image, the amount of light can be adjusted, without replacement of a light source, by moving the imaging optical systems.

Abstract: Microscopes having plastic components such as knobs, covers and eyepiece rings are rendered antistatic by using static charge dissipating plastic materials instead of conventional plastics. Such antistatic microscopes are especially useful in the manufacture and inspection of semi-conductors which are easily damaged by exposure to static charges.

Abstract: There is disclosed a microscope provided with a parallel ray optical system, for forming parallel light rays, between the objective lens and the eyepiece lens. A lens barrel supporting the parallel ray optical system is axially extended or retracted with respect to the objective lens, such as by mutual engagement of a ratchet and a claw member, thereby varying the optical path length of the parallel light rays and thus adjusting the height of the eyepiece lens.

Abstract: Binoculars designed to provide a large aided static field of view are provided. The binoculars are characterized by S/D ratios of above 2.8, where S is the binocular' aided static field of view calculated by multiplying the binoculars' magnifying power by the binoculars' semi field of view in object space and D is given by tan.sup.-1 [(R.sub.ex +1.5)/13], where R.sub.ex is the radius of the binoculars exit pupil and where R.sub.ex and the constants 1.5 and 13 are measured in millimeters. As a result of the increased S/D ratio, the binoculars' of the invention minimize the sensation of tunnel vision which normally occurs when binoculars are used and reduce the user's apprehension of missing activities in his or her peripheral vision. In certain embodiments, a movable field lens unit is employed to provide variable power and a negative corrector lens unit is employed for aberration correction and to minimize the size of the binoculars. The binoculars are suitable for mass production and general consumer use.

Abstract: A video microscope capable of optionally and continuously varying image pickup magnifying power of an observed object over a wide range without requiring replacement of a lens. A lens barrel in which a lens system is arranged is slidably positionally adjusted relative to an observation stand in which an illuminating light source is arranged by means of an objective distance adjusting mechanism, to thereby adjust a relative distance between the observed object and an objective side of the lens system. Also, a cylinder of a video signal converting section in which a two-dimensional CCD element is provided is slidably positionally adjusted relative to the lens barrel by means of an enlargement (reduction) magnification and focus adjusting mechanism, resulting in desired magnifying power of the observed object being readily obtained.

Abstract: Light from a mercury lamp is focused by an objective lens system and is incident on a specimen to be examined. A focusing optical path of light reflected by the specimen is split into an optical path of an ultraviolet ray and an optical path of visible light by a dichroic mirror having wavelength selectivity. The ultraviolet ray is guided to an ultraviolet CCD camera. The ultraviolet CCD camera supplies a monochrome picture signal to a monochrome display through a first picture processor. On the other hand, the visible light is guided to a color CCD camera. The color CCD camera supplies a color picture signal to a color display through a second picture processor. Therefore, an ultraviolet picture of the specimen is displayed on the monochrome display at a high resolving power and a large magnification. At the same time, a color picture of the specimen is displayed on the color display.

Abstract: An optical stereoscopic microscope system is adapted for eye surgery and includes a conformer lens which fits over the eyeball being operated upon. A wide-angle aspherical lens system includes two convex-concave lenses and magnifies the image from the conformer lens to produce an inverted image. A beam splitter splits the inverted image into separated left and right inverted images each of which are reinverted by a pair of prisms, each prism pair being a pair of an Abbe Modification of Porro Prisms.

Abstract: A binocular stereomicroscope is provided with a binocular magnifying optical system and an objective lens unit, which is located in front of the binocular magnifying optical system. The objective lens unit is composed of a stationary objective lens and a movable objective lens. A focusing operation is carried out by movement of the movable objective lens. With the binocular stereomicroscope, a smooth, quick, and accurate focusing function can be achieved, and positions of the eyes of an operator need not be shifted in accordance with the focusing operation.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope comprising an objective lens, an afocal vari-focal optical system disposed coaxially with the objective lens, a pair of right and left imaging optical systems for imaging parallel rays emerging from the afocal vari-focal optical system, and right and left eyepiece lens systems for magnifying images which are formed by the right and left imaging optical systems.This stereomicroscope permits observing images with adequate stereoscopic impressions and can be relatively compact owing to a fact that the microscope satisfies the following condition (1):0.005 .ltoreq.AD.multidot..beta./f.sub.0 .ltoreq.0.

Abstract: A zoom lens of a four-group structure comprises the following sequentially from the object side, a first lens group having positive refracting power, a second lens group having negative refracting power, a third lens group having positive refracting power and a fourth lens group having positive refracting power. When a variable power takes place from the wide angle end to the telescopic end, at least the second lens group is driven along the optical axis relatively so that the distance between-the first lens group and second lens group is increased and at the same time, the fourth lens group is driven toward the image side.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope includes an objective lens for converting light from an object into parallel beams, an imaging lens for forming an image of the object, a prism for erecting the object image, and an eyepiece for observing the object image so that the object image is viewed stereoscopically through the eyepiece, in which the eyepiece is constructed from a single lens system equipped with a variable magnification optical system and an eye lens whose diameter is larger than a viewer's interpupil distance, and optical paths from the object image to the viewer's eyes traverse the positions outside the optical axis of the eyepiece. Thus, the stereomicroscope dispenses with the need for adjustment of the interpupil distance, causes the freedom of the eyepoint to be increased, and allows a viewer to observe the image from any direction whatsoever.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope is equipped with an objective lens, a variable magnification optical system having an optical axis common with that of the objective lens, a splitting optical system splitting emergent light from the variable magnification optical system into a plurality of optical paths, and an eyepiece disposed in at least one of the optical paths, having a diameter larger than the interpupil distance of an observer. Thus, the stereomicroscope has advantages that, with a simple structure and easy adjustment, many people can make observations, the mountings of photographic and TV devices are possible, the directions in which plural observers see through the microscope can be changed, and eyestrain is difficult to occur which may be caused by the difference in magnification between the images of a bilateral observation optical system.

Abstract: A microscope adapted for use by two or more operators during surgical operations has a main objective lens and at least two mutually independent stereoscopic observation beam paths. Each stereoscopic observation beam path has a magnification system and a focusing system disposed therein. Pupil displacement systems are provided in modular construction of different mechanical lengths but of equal optical path lengths. This modular construction allows individual and customized configurations of the microscope for adaptation to meet the needs and requirements of various operating conditions and the various operating disciplines.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a multi-layered coating for an optical part comprising at least a YF.sub.3 layer between a substrate and a dielectric material layer.

Abstract: A stereomicroscope is equipped with an objective lens, a variable magnification optical system having an optical axis common with that of the objective lens, a splitting optical system splitting emergent light from the variable magnification optical system into a plurality of optical paths, and an eyepiece disposed in at least one of the optical paths, having a diameter larger than the interpupil distance of an observer. Thus, the stereomicroscope has advantages that, with a simple structure and easy adjustment, many people can make observations, the mountings of photographic and TV devices are possible, the directions in which plural observers see through the microscope can be changed, and eyestrain is difficult to occur which may be caused by the difference in magnification between the images of a bilateral observation optical system.

Abstract: A microscope includes a first stage for placing a specimen on a first plane, a second stage for placing the specimen on a second plane, an objective lens provided between the first plane and the second plane, the objective lens being provided so that the first plane and the second plane are in conjugate relationship with the objective lens, a Koehler illuminating optical system for supplying an illuminating light beam for illuminating the first plane, the illuminating optical system supplying the illuminating light beam to the second plane through the objective lens when the specimen is placed on the second plane, and an observation system for observing therethrough the image of the specimen formed on a third plane, the observation system being provided with an optical system cooperating with the objective lens to cause the image of the specimen placed on the first plane to be formed on a third plane, or cause the image of the specimen placed on the second plane to be formed on the third plane.

Abstract: An optical illuminating and observing apparatus having a first drive system for changing the magnification of the apparatus and a second drive system for changing the illuminating field of the apparatus. The two drive systems can be operated either in an interlocking relationship or independently of each other. In a preferred embodiment, a clutch-gear is used to connect and disconnect the two drive systems to or from each other.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining the quality of a multimode laser beam (10). In the preferred embodiment, the apparatus includes a lens (32) for creating a transformed or imaged waist from the input beam. The location of the transformed beam waist and its diameter are then determined. These steps can be carried out by chopping the beam using a rotating hub (34) having apertures (36, 38) for seletively passing the beam. Preferably, one of the appertures has a pair of 45.degree. knife edges (40, 42). The transmission of the beam past the knife edge is monitored by a detector (30). In operation, the lens focal position is varied while the transmission of the beam past the knife edge is monitored in order to locate and measure the diameter of the transformed waist. The diameter of the beam at one other known location is measured. A processor then calculates beam quality by fitting these measurements to a mathematical model.