Abstract: An electrolytic solution for an electrochemical device a solvent, an ionic substance, and an additive agent, the additive agent containing ?-methyl-?-butyrolactone and ?-valerolactone.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for preparing carbon nanostructure sheets are provided. The apparatuses may include a casting body including a substrate configured to move along a first direction, a slurry reservoir configured to contain a slurry, a dispenser connected to the slurry reservoir and configured to dispense the slurry onto a surface of the substrate and a doctoring member that extends in a second direction traversing the first direction and that is positioned above the surface of the substrate. The slurry may include carbon nanostructures, and/or one or more functional materials. The doctoring member may be spaced apart from the surface of the substrate by a predetermined distance.

Abstract: A system for delivering electrical energy to a chargeable unit of an electrically powered object characterised by comprising: •at least one input line for delivering electricity from a grid and/or a source of renewable electrical energy; •optionally a first converter disposed within the input line(s) for converting alternating current to direct current; •at least one reservoir of electrical energy connected to the input line(s) and including (a) a plurality of supercapacitors arranged in series or parallel and (b) a means for delivering an output voltage and current therefrom; •at least one second converter adapted to step-up or down the output voltage from the reservoir(s) to a charging voltage of the chargeable unit and •at least one dispensing means connected to the systems and adapted to cooperate with a corresponding connector means on the object to enable the charging voltage to charge the chargeable unit.

Abstract: Part of an electrode, specifically a current collector and an active material layer, for a secondary battery is subjected to cutting processing to have a complex shape. For example, a stack of the first current collector and the first active material layer has a first slit and a second slit. Each of the first slit and the second slit passing across the first current collector and the first active material layer and extending from an edge of the first current collector. Another stack of the second current collector and the second active material layer has a third slit and a fourth slit. Each of the third slit and the fourth slit passing across the second current collector and the second active material layer and extending from an edge of the second current collector.

Abstract: Provided is a capacitor, and more preferably a hybrid capacitor, and a method of making the capacitor. The capacitor comprises an anode, with a dielectric on the anode, and a cathode with a barrier layer on the cathode. A separator, conductive polymer, liquid electrolyte and stabilizer are between the anode and cathode.

Abstract: A film capacitor includes a first film, a second film, a first electrode part, and a second electrode part. The first electrode part is disposed on a first film surface of the first film. The second electrode part is disposed on a second film surface of the first film or the second film. The first film surface has a first non-electrode part extending along a longitudinal direction of the first film surface. The second film surface has a second non-electrode part extending along a longitudinal direction of the second film surface. A first region having a light transmittance ranging from 30% to 80%, inclusive, is disposed between the first electrode part and the first non-electrode part. A second region having a light transmittance ranging from 30% to 80%, inclusive, is disposed between the second electrode part and the second non-electrode part. A width of each of the first region and the second region is less than or equal to 0.5 mm.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising a capacitor element that contains a sintered porous anode body formed from a valve metal powder having a specific charge of about 50,000 ?F*V/g or more, a dielectric that overlies the anode body, and a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric that includes a conductive polymer is provided. The capacitor exhibits an anomalous charging current of about 0.25 amps or less when charged at a constant voltage rate increase of 120 volts per second, determined at a temperature of 23° C. and voltage of 16 volts.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a case capable of receiving a plurality of capacitive elements, each capacitor element having at least two capacitors, and each capacitor having a capacitive value. The apparatus also includes a cover assembly with a peripheral edge secured to the case. The cover assembly includes, for each of the plurality of capacitive elements, a cover terminal that extends upwardly from the cover assembly generally at a central region of the cover assembly. Each cover terminal is connected to one of the at least two capacitors of the respective one of the plurality of capacitive elements. The cover assembly also includes, for each of the plurality of capacitive elements, a cover terminal that extends upwardly from the cover assembly at a position spaced apart from the cover terminal generally at the central region of the cover assembly.

Abstract: A solid electrolytic capacitor containing a capacitor element is provided. The capacitor element contains a sintered porous anode body, a dielectric that overlies the anode body, a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric that includes conductive polymer particles that contain a complex formed from a thiophene polymer and a copolymer counterion, and an external polymer coating that overlies the solid electrolyte and includes conductive polymer particles.

Abstract: A cathode subassembly for use in an electrolytic capacitor may include a first separator sheet including a surface having first and second regions, where the second region extends from a perimeter of the first region to a first peripheral edge of the first sheet, a second peripheral edge of a second sheet is substantially aligned with the first peripheral edge, a conductive foil is sandwiched between the first and second sheets and disposed within the first region, the first and second sheets are adhered to each other in a sealing region extending from the second region to a region of a surface of the second sheet facing the second region, and the first sheet includes at least one first recessed portion at the first peripheral edge aligned with at least one second recessed portion at the second peripheral edge of the second sheet.

Abstract: Capacitors having electrodes made of interconnected corrugated carbon-based networks (ICCNs) are disclosed. The ICCN electrodes have properties that include high surface area and high electrical conductivity. Moreover, the electrodes are fabricated into an interdigital planar geometry with dimensions that range down to a sub-micron scale. As such, micro-supercapacitors employing ICCN electrodes are fabricated on flexible substrates for realizing flexible electronics and on-chip applications that can be integrated with micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology in a single chip. In addition, capacitors fabricated of ICCN electrodes that sandwich an ion porous separator realize relatively thin and flexible supercapacitors that provide compact and lightweight yet high density energy storage for scalable applications.

Abstract: An electrochemical device has a positive electrode, a negative electrode, separators, and an electrolyte. The negative electrode has a first and second negative-electrode active-material layers and a negative-electrode collector which has (i) a first principal face on which the first negative-electrode active-material layer is formed, and (ii) a second principal face having a coated area where the second negative-electrode active-material layer is formed, and an uncoated area where no second negative-electrode active-material layer is formed. The negative-electrode collector has multiple through holes that interconnect the first and second principal faces wherein the boundary of the coated area and the uncoated area intersects the opening of at least one of the multiple through holes.

Abstract: An electric double-layer ultracapacitor configured to maintain desired operation at an operating voltage of three volts, where the capacitor includes a housing component, a first and a second current collector, a positive and a negative electrode electrically coupled to one of the first and second current collectors, and a separator positioned between the positive and the negative electrode. At least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can include a treated carbon material, where the treated carbon material includes a reduction in a number of hydrogen-containing functional groups, nitrogen-containing functional groups and/or oxygen-containing functional groups.

Abstract: Provided is an internal hybrid electrochemical cell comprising: (A) a pseudocapacitance cathode comprising a cathode active material that contains a conductive carbon material and a porphyrin compound, wherein the porphyrin compound is bonded to or supported by the carbon material to form a redox pair for pseudocapacitance, wherein the carbon material is selected from activated carbon, activated carbon black, expanded graphite flakes, exfoliated graphite worms, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, carbon fiber, a combination thereof; (B) a battery-like anode comprising lithium metal, lithium metal alloy, or a prelithiated anode active material (e.g. prelithiated Si, SiO, Sn, SnO2, etc.), and (C) a lithium-containing electrolyte in physical contact with the anode and the cathode; wherein the cathode active material has a specific surface area no less than 100 m2/g which is in direct physical contact with the electrolyte.

Abstract: An energy storage device, such as a sodium ion capacitor, including an anode and a cathode, at least one of the anode and the cathode including a nitrogen and oxygen functionalized carbon (NOFC). The NOFC has a nitrogen content greater than 4 wt %, such as 13 wt %, an oxygen content greater than 8 wt %, such as 11 wt %, and a surface area greater than 800 m2g?1, such as 945 m2g?1. The energy storage device has favorable reversible and rate capability, such as 437 mAhg?1 at 100 mAg?1, and 185 mAhg?1 at 1600 mA g?1.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a conductive material formulation comprising: (a) a conductive polymer material; and (b) an insulation material, wherein the conductive polymer material is derived from a conductive polymer and a polyanion and has a weight average molecular weight ranging from 3,000 to 30,000; and wherein the (b) insulation material is present in an amount of 0.01 part to 200 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the (a) conductive polymer material. The conductive material formulation according to the invention is useful for the preparation of solid capacitors.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolyte composition containing (i) at least one aprotic polar organic solvent having a flash point above 80° C. and a dielectric constant above 10 at 25° C.; (ii) at least one flame retardant and/or non-flammable solvent; (iii) at least one compound of formula (I) R1—O(O)C—(CH2)n—C(O)O—R2 (I) wherein R1 and R2 are independently from each other selected from C1-C6 alkyl and n is 1, 2 or 3; (iv) at least one conducting salt; (v) at least one aprotic organic solvent having a dynamic viscosity below 1 mPa s at 25° C.; and (vi) optionally one or more additives.

Abstract: A class of devices enabled by ionic conductors is highly stretchable, fully transparent to light of all colors, biocompatible or biodegradable, and capable of operation at frequencies beyond 10 kilohertz and voltages above 10 kilovolts. These devices enabled by ionic conductors can be used as large strain actuators, full-range loudspeakers, as strain or pressure sensors and as stretchable interconnects. The electromechanical transduction is achieved without electrochemical reaction. When large stretchability and high optical transmittance are required, the ionic conductors have lower sheet resistance than all existing electronic conductors.

Abstract: The method of making a supercapacitor using porous activated carbon from cow dung includes converting cow dung to porous activated carbon by, in a first step, preparing the dung waste by washing and drying the dung waste, and heating the dung waste in a vacuum environment to form pre-carbonized carbon. In a second step, the pre-carbonized carbon is impregnated with phosphoric acid to form a slurry, which is dried, ground, and heated in a vacuum to between 600-900° C. to form porous activated carbon. The porous activated carbon is mixed with a binder, acetylene black, and an organic solvent to form a paste, which is dried on a conductive metal foil to form an electrode. Two such electrodes (an anode and cathode) are coated with an electrolyte gel (e.g., aqueous potassium hydroxide) and separated by a polymer (e.g., PTFE) membrane to form the supercapacitor.

Abstract: An extra-cardiovascular medical device is configured to select a capacitor configuration from a capacitor array and deliver a low voltage, pacing pulse by discharging the selected capacitor configuration across an extra-cardiovascular pacing electrode vector. In some examples, the medical device is configured to determine the capacitor configuration based on a measured impedance of the extra-cardiovascular pacing electrode vector.

Abstract: As an object to provide a lithium-ion supercapacitor having a high energy density and a high power density, capable of being charged and discharged many times, and having a long product life, there is provided a lithium-ion supercapacitor using a graphene/CNT composite electrode, the lithium-ion supercapacitor including: an anode; a cathode that is arranged to be separated from the anode; and a lithium ion electrolytic solution that fills in a space between the anode and the cathode, wherein either or both of the cathode and the anode are formed by a graphene/CNT composite, and a CNT concentration in the graphene/CNT composite is 17 wt % or more and 33 wt % or less.

Abstract: Provided are a supporting carbon material for a solid polymer fuel cell and a metal-catalyst-particle-supporting carbon material that, when used as a carrier for a solid polymer fuel cell catalyst, have excellent power generation performance in high-humidity conditions, which are conditions in which solid polymer fuel cells are operated. A supporting carbon material for a solid polymer fuel cell and a metal-catalyst-particle-supporting carbon material characterized in being a porous carbon material, the hydrogen content being 0.004-0.010% by mass, the nitrogen adsorption BET specific surface area being 600 m2/g-1500 m2/g, and the relative intensity ratio (ID/IG) between the peak intensity (ID) in the range of 1200-1400 cm?1 known as the D-band and the peak intensity (IG) in the range of 1500-1700 cm?1 known as the G-band, obtained from the Raman spectrum, being 1.0-2.0.

Abstract: A wet electrolytic surface mount capacitor has a body defining an interior area and having a fill port formed through a wall of the body. A capacitive element is positioned in an interior of the body and is isolated from the body. A surface mount anode termination is in electrical communication with the capacitive element and isolated from the body. A surface mount cathode termination is in electrical communication with the body. An electrolyte is contained in the interior area of the body, and is introduced into the interior area of the body through the fill port. A fill port plug is positioned adjacent the fill port. A fill port cover compresses the fill port plug against the fill port to seal the fill port, and may be welded in place. A method of forming the capacitor is also provided.

Abstract: A method for preparing a solid electrolytic capacitor and an improved solid electrolytic capacitor is provided. The method includes providing an anode, forming a dielectric on the anode, forming a cathode on the dielectric and forming subsequent layers on the cathode wherein the cathode and subsequent layers preferably comprise interlayers. At least one interlayer comprises a monomer, oligomer or polymer with multifunctional or multiple reactive groups and an adjacent layer comprises a molecule with crosslinkable functionality. The oligomer or polymer with multifunctional or multiple reactive groups on one layer react with the crosslinkable functionality in the adjacent layer.

Abstract: Provided is a stretchable supercapacitor and a method of manufacturing the same. The stretchable supercapacitor includes a separator between first and second current collectors. The first and second current collectors each including an active material. The second current collector is on the first current collector. The separator includes an electrolyte. Each of the separator, the first current collector and the second current collector includes an elastic polymer layer. The first and second current collectors may each have a 3-dimensional nano-pore structure. The stretchable supercapacitor may further include a first electrode in contact with the first current collector and a second electrode in contact with the second current collector. The elastic polymer layers may include at least one of styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene (SBS), polyurethane, polyurethane acrylate, acrylate polymer, acrylate terpolymer, and silicone-based polymer.

Abstract: A wet tantalum capacitor of either a single anode design or of multiple anode configurations having cathode active material supported on the casing and sealed in its own separator material is described. The separator “covers’ the cathode active material and is adhered directly to the casing. For a multiple anode design, an inner cathode foil positioned between opposed anode pellets is sealed in its own separator bag. Preferably, a polymeric restraining device prevents the anode from contacting the casing. The completed anode/cathode electrode assembly is sealed in the casing, which is filled with electrolyte thru a port. The fill port is hermetically sealed to complete the capacitor.

Abstract: A capacitor is described. A casing for the capacitor comprises a container having a face wall joined to a surrounding sidewall extending to a annular edge defining an open end of the container. An inwardly extending protrusion is located intermediate the face wall and the annular edge at the container open end. A partition plate is supported on the protrusion to thereby provide a first capacitor enclosure bounded by the face wall, the surrounding sidewall and the partition plate. A cover plate is secured to the annular edge to close the open end of the container and provide a second capacitor enclosure bounded by the partition plate, the surrounding sidewall and the cover plate. An anode, for example of tantalum, and a cathode active material, for example of ruthenium oxide, reside in capacitive association with each other inside each of the first and second capacitor enclosures. A working electrolyte is also contained in the capacitor enclosures.

Abstract: One embodiment is an EDLC with a capacitor cell that includes two electrodes of opposite polarity aligned in parallel, and a peptide separator disposed between the electrodes. The separator may be a peptide coating on an electrode surface. Another embodiment is an electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device, such as an EDLC, the electrode including graphene and coated with peptide. The peptide may act as a separator for the EDLC. A further embodiment is an electrode for an electrochemical energy storage device, the electrode-unit including: two graphene layers, CNTs, and electrolyte. The graphene layers are arranged separated along a first axis and aligned with parallel surfaces, where at least one graphene layer is coated with peptide. The CNTs are arranged along a second axis orthogonal to the first axis and disposed between the graphene layers. The electrolyte is impregnated within the volume defined between the graphene layers and CNTs.

Abstract: A lithium-ion battery structure with a third electrode as reference electrode is disclosed. The reference electrode may be fabricated from lithium metal, lithiated carbon, or a variety of other lithium-containing electrode materials. A porous current collector allows permeation of reference lithium ions from the reference electrode to the cathode or anode, enabling voltage monitoring under actual operation of a lithium-ion battery. The reference electrode therefore does not need to be spatially between the battery anode and cathode, thus avoiding a shielding effect. The battery structure includes an external reference circuit to dynamically display the anode and cathode voltage. The battery structure can result in improved battery monitoring, enhanced battery safety, and extended battery life.

Abstract: The invention relates to electrical engineering. The multi-element electrochemical capacitor of this invention comprises at least one layer of electrical insulation film with alternating opposite-polarity electrode films placed thereon in succession and interspaced by a porous ion-permeable separator, coiled into a roll. Each electrode sheet is a substrate of nonwoven polymer material at a high pore ratio, with at least one electrode in the form of an electrochemically active layer attached to one side or both sides thereof, or embedded within the same. The capacitor also comprises contact electrodes.

Abstract: A capacitor for use in relatively high voltage environments is provided. The solid electrolyte is formed from a plurality of pre-polymerized particles in the form of a dispersion. In addition, the anode is formed such that it contains at least one longitudinally extending channel is recessed therein. The channel may have a relatively high aspect ratio (length divided by width), such as about 2 or more, in some embodiments about 5 or more, in some embodiments from about 10 to about 200, in some embodiments from about 15 to about 150, in some embodiments from about 20 to about 100, and in some embodiments, from about 30 to about 60.

Abstract: An electrolytic capacitor includes a capacitor element, an electrolyte solution with which the capacitor element is impregnated, and an outer package enclosing the capacitor element and the electrolyte solution. The capacitor element includes an anode foil having a dielectric layer on a surface thereof, a cathode foil, a separator disposed between the anode foil and the cathode foil, and a solid electrolyte layer in contact with the dielectric layer of the anode foil and the cathode foil. The electrolyte solution contains a low-volatile solvent that is at least one of polyalkylene glycol and a derivative of polyalkylene glycol.

Abstract: Provided is a lithium ion capacitor having a low internal resistance, a high energy density, and a high capacity retention rate. The lithium ion capacitor includes a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer formed on a roughened positive electrode current collector, a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer containing graphite-based particles formed on a negative electrode current collector, and an electrolytic solution containing a solution of a lithium salt in an aprotic organic solvent, wherein the total thickness of the positive electrode active material layer is 50 ?m to 140 ?m, and the ratio of mass of the positive electrode active material layer to the sum of the mass of the positive electrode active material layer and that of the negative electrode active material layer is 0.4 to 0.5.

Abstract: An anode active material including a porous transition metal oxide; an anode including the anode active material; a lithium battery including the anode; and a method of preparing the anode active material.

Abstract: Electrode foils suitable for use in electrolytic capacitors, including those having multiple configurations, have improved strength, reduced brittleness, and increased capacitance compared to conventional anode foils for electrolytic capacitors. Exemplary methods of manufacturing an anode foil suitable for use in an electrolytic capacitor include forming a pattern of etch resist on a surface of a substrate; etching a first area of the surface substantially enclosed by the pattern and a second area in intervals between the pattern to form tunnels in first and second areas of the surface; and removing the resist material revealing a non-etched frame. The resist material may be deposited, for example, by ink-jet printing, stamping or screen printing. Additionally, an etch resist pattern may be used to form strength lines on the substrate surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to hybrid capacitors specifically to PbO2/Activated Carbon hybrid ultracapacitors. The present disclosure is also related to hybrid capacitors specifically to PbO2/Activated Carbon hybrid ultracapacitors with an inorganic thixotropic-gelled-polymeric-electrolyte. The hybrid ultracapacitors of the present disclosure is simple to assemble, bereft of impurities and can be fast charged/discharged with high faradiac-efficiency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing an electrochemical cell, such as in particular a secondary battery, a double-layer capacitor, an electrolytic capacitor or a fuel cell, in which a cell vessel containing two electrodes of one-piece or multi-part design and at least one separator is filled with free-flowing electrolyte. The object of the invention is to match the quantity of electrolyte in an electrochemical cell as exactly as possible to the free volume actually present. The object is achieved in that, before the filling with the electrolyte, the quantity of electrolyte to be put in is determined at least while taking into account the actual thicknesses and the actual weights of the electrodes in the cell vessel and of the separator in the cell vessel.

Abstract: An electrochemical energy storage system includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode disposed proximally to and not in contact with the positive electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode and the negative electrode are immersed in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and a case is presented in the energy storage system to accommodate the non-aqueous electrolyte, the positive electrode, and the negative electrode. The positive electrode has a porous matrix having a plurality of micrometer sized pores and nanostructured metal oxides, wherein the porous matrix is a 3-dimensional (3D) mesoporous metal or a 3D open-structured carbonaceous material, and the nanostructured metal oxides are coated inside the plurality of pores of the porous matrix. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes organic salts having acylamino group and lithium salts characterized as LiX, wherein Li is lithium and X comprises ClO4?, SCN?, PF6?, B(C2O4)2?, N(SO2CF3)2?, CF3SO3?, or the combination thereof.

Abstract: An electrical component includes an inkjet-printed graphene electrode. Graphene oxide flakes are deposited on a substrate in a graphene oxide ink using an inkjet printer. The deposited graphene oxide is thermally reduced to graphene. The electrical properties of the electrode are comparable to those of electrodes made using activated carbon, carbon nanotubes or graphene made by other methods. The electrical properties of the graphene electrodes may be tailored by adding nanoparticles of other materials to the ink to serve as conductivity enhancers, spacers, or to confer pseudocapacitance. Inkjet-printing can be used to make graphene electrodes of a desired thickness in preselected patterns. Inkjet printing can be used to make highly-transparent graphene electrodes. Inkjet-printed graphene electrodes may be used to fabricate double-layer capacitors that store energy by nanoscale charge separation at the electrode-electrolyte interface (i.e., “supercapacitors”).

Abstract: A collector for an electric double layer capacitor including a conductive sheet, and a film adhered on surface of the conductive sheet and including carbon fine particle and polysaccharide and/or cross-linked polysaccharide. An electrode for an electric double layer capacitor including a collector having a conductive sheet and a film adhered on surface of the conductive sheet, and a film including activated carbon and adhered on surface of the film of the collector. The film of the collector includes carbon fine particle and polysaccharide and/or cross-linked polysaccharide. An electric double layer capacitor including an electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. The electrode includes a collector having a conductive sheet and a film adhered on surface of the conductive sheet, and a film including activated carbon and adhered on surface of the film of the collector. The film of the collector includes carbon fine particle and polysaccharide and/or cross-linked polysaccharide.

Abstract: Electrochemical energy storage devices such as electric double layer capacitors include a flexible metal contact current collector establishing electrical contact with a conductive housing at numerous contact points. The flexible current collector simplifies manufacturing of the device and avoids laser welding on the conductive housing. The manufacture devices are operable with a reduced direct current resistance by virtue of the flexible current collector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrolyte of an energy storage device. An electrolyte composition in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention includes an electrolyte salt, a carbonate solvent, and at least one nitrile solvent of acetonitrile and propionitrile.

Abstract: An asymmetric supercapacitor includes a first structure and a second structure spaced apart from said second structure. One of the structures comprises an anode, and the other of the first and second structures comprises a cathode, wherein the first structure comprises an activated carbon electrode, and the second structure comprises a nanocomposite electrode. The nanocomposite electrode comprises a first network of nanowires that are interpenetrating with a second network of carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: In one embodiment a charge storage device includes first (110) and second (120) electrically conductive structures separated from each other by a separator (130). At least one of the first and second electrically conductive structures includes a porous structure containing multiple channels (111, 121). Each one of the channels has an opening (112, 122) to a surface (115, 125) of the porous structure. In another embodiment the charge storage device includes multiple nanostructures (610) and an electrolyte (650) in physical contact with at least some of the nanostructures. A material (615) having a dielectric constant of at least 3.9 may be located between the electrolyte and the nanostructures.

Abstract: Capacitors containing novel electrodes and electrolytes are described. One electrode composition comprises an oxide of Mn and Fe in a Mn:Fe molar ratio of 3:1 to 5:1. Another electrode composition comprises an oxide comprising Ni, Co, and Fe; wherein the Ni and Co are present in a Ni/Co molar ratio in the range of 0.5 to 2 and a Fe and Ni are present in a Ni/Fe molar ratio in the range of 1.0 to 10. The resulting capacitors can be characterized by superior properties. Methods of forming the electrodes from gels are also described. An electrolyte comprising a Li salt in a carbonate solution, wherein the carbonate solution comprises 10-30% ethylene carbonate and 70-90% propylene carbonate is also described.

Abstract: An electrode for electric double-layer capacitor includes a collector with a protective layer containing phosphorous on its surface, and a polarizable electrode layer that is formed on this collector and can adsorb and desorb ions. An amount of a phosphorous compound per unit surface area of the collector, eluted when the collector is immersed into water, is not greater than 1.35 mg/m2 in terms of phosphorous equivalent. An electric double-layer capacitor employs this electrode for at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

Abstract: An electrode useful in an energy storage system, such as a capacitor, includes an electrode that includes at least one to a plurality of layers of compressed carbon nanotube aggregate. Methods of fabrication are provided. The resulting electrode exhibits superior electrical performance in terms of gravimetric and volumetric power density.

Abstract: An aluminum material, a dielectric layer and an interposing layer formed in at least one part of a region of the surface of the aluminum material between the aluminum material and the dielectric layer and includes aluminum and carbon, wherein the dielectric layer includes dielectric particles including a valve metal, and an organic substance layer formed on at least one part of a surface of the dielectric particle.

Abstract: A method of increasing the area of carbon nanotubes used in fabricating capacitors is described. The method involves reacting carbon nanotubes with electrically conductive ions, molecules or nanoparticles that increase the surface area of the nanotubes. The capacitance and the energy stored in the capacitor can be increased by such treatment. Devices constructed from such treated materials and their properties are described.

Abstract: A method for creating a metal-carbon composite.