Abstract: The present invention provides a high efficiency, high density GaN-based power converter comprising: a transformer; a magnetic coupler; a primary switch; a secondary switch; a primary controller; a secondary controller; a multi-layered print circuit board (PCB) comprising: one or more planar coils respectively formed on one or more PCB layers and aligned with each other for constructing the transformer and the coupler; and a plurality of conducting traces and vias for providing electrical connection among the transformer, the coupler, a primary switch, a secondary switch, a primary controller and a secondary controller. The power converter further comprises a pair of ferrite cores being fixed to a top surface and a bottom surface of the PCB respectively and commonly shared by the transformer and the coupler.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high efficiency, high density GaN-based power converter comprising: a transformer; a magnetic coupler; a primary switch; a secondary switch; a primary controller; a secondary controller; a multi-layered print circuit board (PCB) comprising: one or more planar coils respectively formed on one or more PCB layers and aligned with each other for constructing the transformer and the coupler; and a plurality of conducting traces and vias for providing electrical connection among the transformer, the coupler, a primary switch, a secondary switch, a primary controller and a secondary controller. The power converter further comprises a pair of ferrite cores being fixed to a top surface and a bottom surface of the PCB respectively and commonly shared by the transformer and the coupler.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-functional printed circuit board (PCB) for assembling a plurality of components of a power converter in to a single package. The PCB comprises: one or more planar coils respectively formed on one or more PCB layers and aligned with each other for constructing the transformer and the coupler; and a plurality of conducting traces and vias for providing electrical connection among the plurality of components of the power converter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a multi-functional printed circuit board (PCB) for assembling a plurality of components of a power converter in to a single package. The PCB comprises: one or more planar coils respectively formed on one or more PCB layers and aligned with each other for constructing the transformer and the coupler; and a plurality of conducting traces and vias for providing electrical connection among the plurality of components of the power converter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high efficiency, high density GaN-based power converter comprising: a transformer; a magnetic coupler; a primary switch; a secondary switch; a primary controller; a secondary controller; a multi-layered print circuit board (PCB) comprising: one or more planar coils respectively formed on one or more PCB layers and aligned with each other for constructing the transformer and the coupler; and a plurality of conducting traces and vias for providing electrical connection among the transformer, the coupler, a primary switch, a secondary switch, a primary controller and a secondary controller. The power converter further comprises a pair of ferrite cores being fixed to a top surface and a bottom surface of the PCB respectively and commonly shared by the transformer and the coupler.

Abstract: An apparatus such as a power supply includes a controller and multiple power converter phases. The controller controls operation of the multiple power converter phases to produce an output voltage that powers a load. The multiple power converter phases are coupled in parallel to convert an input voltage into an output voltage. The controller further controls a flow of current through a series circuit path connecting multiple windings of the multiple power converter phases to operate the power supply in different modes.

Abstract: An electronic device has a modulator circuit, a pulse adjustment circuit, and a pulse generator circuit. The modulator circuit generates a comparator output signal based on a sensed inductor current signal of a power converter, an error amplifier output voltage signal, and a ramp signal to regulate an output voltage signal of the power converter. The pulse adjustment circuit generates an adjusted pulse signal based on the comparator output signal and the error amplifier output voltage signal, and to generate an adjusted clock signal based on an input clock signal and the error amplifier output voltage signal. The pulse generator circuit generates a switching control signal to control a transistor of the power converter based on the adjusted pulse signal and the adjusted clock signal.

Abstract: An over temperature compensation control circuit is coupled to a conversion unit. The over temperature compensation control circuit includes a detection circuit, a temperature control resistor, and a comparison unit. The detection circuit provides a current signal responsive to an input voltage according to a voltage signal responsive to the input voltage of the conversion unit. The temperature control resistor generates a temperature control voltage according to the current signal. The comparison unit compares the temperature control voltage with a reference voltage to generate a control signal. The control signal represents whether a temperature of the conversion unit reaches an over temperature protection point.

Abstract: A power supply device includes an energy tank, a discharging and starting circuit, a fuse, a bridge rectifier, a transformer, a power switch element, an output stage circuit, and a controller. The energy tank includes an NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistor. The energy tank absorbs a burst high voltage, and converts the burst high voltage into thermal energy. The discharging and starting circuit is coupled to the energy tank. The discharging and starting circuit includes a bypass path. When the resistance of the NTC thermistor is smaller than a threshold value, the bypass path is enabled, such that the energy tank is coupled through the bypass path to a ground and a ground voltage. The bridge rectifier is coupled through the fuse to the energy tank. The discharging and starting circuit is selectively configured to enable the controller.

Abstract: A controller for use in a power converter including a jitter generator circuit coupled to receive a drive signal from a switch controller and generate a jitter signal. The jitter signal is a modulated jitter signal when the drive signal is below a first threshold frequency. The switch controller is coupled to a power switch coupled to an energy transfer element. The switch controller is coupled to receive a current sense signal representative of a current through the power switch. The switch controller is coupled to generate the drive signal to control switching of the power switch in response to the current sense signal and the jitter signal to control a transfer of energy from an input of the power converter to an output of the power converter.

Abstract: The application provides a smart lighting control device capable of reducing standby power consumption, wherein a control instruction is received by a control module, then an enable signal is sent by a standby processing module according to status of a flag bit signal of the control instruction to a data transmission module and a logic control module; and the data transmission module receives the control instruction according to the enable signal and transmits a sampled control instruction to the logic control module; and the logic control module controls a lamp according to the control instruction when a standby instruction bit is invalid, and sends a standby instruction to the standby processing module when the standby instruction bit is valid; and the standby processing module disable the data transmission module and the logic control module according to the standby instruction, thereby standby power consumption of the lamp is reduced.

Abstract: A power device driving apparatus drives a plurality of power devices including first and second power devices. In the apparatus, a plurality of drive circuits are separately provided for at least the first power device and the second power device and output drive signals to the respective power devices. The isolated power supply includes a first isolated power supply unit that supplies a first supply voltage, and a second isolated power supply unit that supplies a second supply voltage that is different from the first supply voltage. The plurality of drive circuits includes a first drive circuit that uses the first supply voltage supplied from the first isolated power supply unit to output the drive signal to the first power device, and a second drive circuit that uses the second supply voltage supplied from the second isolated power supply unit to output the drive signal to the second power device.

Abstract: An over current protection circuit, comprising: a current transformer, having a primary winding connected in series with a primary winding of a power supply transformer and a secondary winding, of which one end is grounded and the other end is coupled to a diode anode; a first resistor, having one end coupled to a diode cathode and the other end grounded; a second resistor, having one end coupled to the diode cathode and the other end coupled to a zener diode cathode; a triode, having a base coupled to a zener diode anode, an emitter grounded and a collector coupled to a light emitter cathode; wherein a light emitter anode is coupled to a LLC chip and a first voltage output end in the power supply; an output end of a light receiver is ground, an input end is coupled to a second voltage output end and a PFC chip.

Abstract: A power controller in a switching mode power supply dynamically performs high-voltage charging to maintain an operating voltage. The power controller includes a PWM signal generator, a high-voltage charging circuit, and a high-voltage charging controller. The PWM signal generator provides a PWM signal to a power switch to perform power conversion regulating an output voltage of the switching mode power supply at a voltage rating. The high-voltage charging circuit has a high-voltage-tolerant switch connected between a line voltage and the operating voltage, wherein rectifying an AC voltage generates the line voltage. The high-voltage charging controller turns ON the high-voltage-tolerant switch to perform high-voltage charging at the same time when performing the power conversion. The high-voltage charging directs a charging current from the line voltage through the high-voltage-tolerant switch to charge the operating voltage.

Abstract: A method for managing persistent storage. The method includes selecting a page for a proactive read request, where the page is located in the persistent storage. The method further includes issuing the proactive read request to the page, receiving, in response to the proactive read request, a bit error value (BEV) for data stored on the page, obtaining a BEV threshold (T) for the page, wherein T is determined using a program/erase cycle value associated with the page and a retention time of the data stored on the page, making a first determination that the BEV is greater than T, based on the first determination: identifying an m-page, where the m-page is a set of pages and the page is in the set of pages, and setting the m-page as non-allocatable for future operations.

Abstract: A flyback converter is provided with a synchronous rectifier (SR) controller including a pulse linear regulator (PLR) charging path and an LDO charging path. The SR controller is configured to monitor the switching period and/or duty cycle of a power switch in the flyback converter to select between the PLR and LDO charging paths.

Abstract: A converter includes a transformer, a main switch, an active clamp circuit, and a control circuit. The transformer includes a primary winding and a secondary winding, and is configured to receive an input voltage and output an output voltage to a load. The main switch is coupled between the primary winding and a primary ground terminal. The active clamp circuit includes an auxiliary switch and a clamp capacitor. The auxiliary switch is coupled to the clamp capacitor in series, and the active clamp circuit is coupled in parallel to the two terminals of the primary winding or the main switch, and is configured to clamp the voltage across the main switch when it is OFF. The control circuit outputs an auxiliary switch control signal to turn on the auxiliary switch when the voltage across the main switch is at its first peak of the resonant voltage.

Abstract: A highly stable transformer, including a first transformer, a second transformer and a current induction device. The current induction device is provided in a load line of the first transformer for detecting an induction current in the load line of the first transformer. An induction load terminal of the current induction device is connected to a control winding. The control winding is provided in a winding of the second transformer to generate an induction voltage in the winding according to the induction current value and output a voltage value matching the load. The transformer has a zero voltage deviation, can be applied to precise appliance circuits and will not produce voltage drop. The transformer adopts active loaded lines, has good operation efficiency and good stability, saves main capacitor loss of no-load and unequal loads, and improves the startup performance of the transformer to any corresponding loads in a full-load condition.

Abstract: A temperature sensing system includes N temperature sensing circuits, each including a diode, that are connected in series, wherein N is an integer greater than one. A control module includes a first terminal that communicates with one of the N temperature sensing circuits, that receives a combined voltage of the N temperature sensing circuits at the first terminal, and that calculates an average temperature of the N temperature sensing circuits based on the combined voltage.

Abstract: A flyback converter is provided with a synchronous rectifier (SR) controller including a pulse linear regulator (PLR) charging path and an LDO charging path. The SR controller is configured to monitor the switching period and/or duty cycle of a power switch in the flyback converter to select between the PLR and LDO charging paths.

Abstract: A power supply module coupled with a primary winding of a power conversion module, the power supply module includes a plurality of power-controlling modules, a plurality of second switches, and a microprocessor. Each power-controlling module includes an auxiliary winding and a first switch electrically connected in series, and each auxiliary winding is magnetic coupled with the primary winding. Each second switch is electrically connected to one of the power-controlling units. The microprocessor is electrically connected to the first switches of the power-controlling modules and the second switches. The microprocessor places at least one first switch and one of the second switches in a conducting state to make the first switch in the conducting state and the second switch in the conducting state electrically connect in series and output an electric power to power the power conversion module.

Abstract: A control circuit can include: a power supply circuit having a bias capacitor coupled between a power terminal and a common node, where the power supply circuit supplies power to the control circuit via the bias capacitor; a detection circuit coupled between the common node and a current output terminal of a main power switch of a power stage circuit, to detect current flowing through the main power switch; a current feedback circuit that generates a feedback signal according to a difference value between a sense value obtained from a voltage at the power terminal during an off state of the main power switch and a present voltage at the power terminal, where the feedback signal represents an inductor current of the power stage circuit; and a control signal generator that generates a control signal according to the feedback signal to control the main power switch.

Abstract: A control circuit of a DC/DC converter having a transformer, a switching transistor, and a detector includes: a feedback terminal receiving a feedback voltage corresponding to an output voltage of the DC/DC converter; a current detection terminal receiving a detection voltage generated in the detection resistor; a conversion circuit configured to amplify, attenuate and/or level-shift at least one of the feedback voltage and the detection voltage, wherein a gain and/or a shift of the conversion circuit are variable; and a gain controller configured to control the gain and/or the shift of the conversion circuit.

Abstract: A controller for a power converter, and method of operating the same. The controller improves power converter operating efficiency by regulating an internal power converter operating characteristic depending on a value of a power converter parameter measured after a manufacturing step, or an environmental parameter, preferably employing a table with entries dependent on the parameter value. The internal operating characteristic may be an internal bus voltage, a voltage level of a drive signal for a power switch, a number of paralleled power switches selectively enabled to conduct, or a basic switching frequency of the power converter. The controller may regulate an internal operating characteristic of the power converter using a functional relationship dependent on the parameter value. The environmental parameter may be received as a signal from an external source. The parameter measured after a manufacturing step may be a parameter measured from representative power converter(s).

Abstract: A control circuit of a power converter and a method for controlling the power converter are provided. The control circuit of the power converter comprises a switching circuit and a temperature-sensing device. The switching circuit generates a switching signal in response to a feedback signal, and the switching circuit generates a current-sensing signal for regulating an output of the power converter. The temperature-sensing device generates a temperature signal in response to temperature of the temperature-sensing device.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein describe a power supply configured to provide power to an output load via a power supply transformer. The power supply includes a controller configured to operate in a configuration state and an operating state. During the configuration state, the controller receives a configuration signal from a sense circuit coupled to the controller and selects one of a plurality of operating modes from the configuration signal. During the operating state, the controller controls a switch coupled to the transformer based on the selected operating mode and a sense signal received from the sense circuit representative of the power provided to the output load by the power supply. When the switch is closed, current flows from a power source through the transformer, and when the switch is open, current is prevented from flowing from the power source through the transformer.

Abstract: A converter is suggested comprising a transformer providing a galvanic isolation between a primary side and a secondary side of the converter; at least one switching element; a converter control unit comprising a first pin for controlling the at least one switching element and a second pin for detecting a current signal in the at least one switching element during a first phase; and for detecting an output voltage signal of the secondary side of the converter and an information regarding a current in a secondary winding of the transformer during a second phase.

Abstract: An induction heating system includes an induction heating coil operable to inductively heat a load with a magnetic field, a detector for detecting a current feedback signal corresponding to a current flowing through the induction heating coil, and a controller for detecting a switching transient in the current feedback signal and determining a resonant frequency of the system based on a characteristic of the switching transient.

Abstract: The present application discloses a LED driver including: a first and a second auxiliary windings connected in series with each other; a first rectifying device coupled with a terminal of the first auxiliary winding while the other terminal is coupled with the second auxiliary winding; a second rectifying device coupled with a terminal of the second auxiliary winding; a first voltage regulator coupled with the first rectifying device; an unidirectional conducting device having a positive and a negative terminals; and a DC output terminal coupled with the negative terminal of the unidirectional conducting device and configured to provide required DC electricity to a control circuit in the LED driver. The LED driver can guarantee that Vcc voltages provided under a heavy or light load state can always meet the DC power supplying requirements of respective control devices in the driver and meanwhile losses can be reduced.

Abstract: A power supply control circuit includes a main controller, a current detection unit electronically connected to the main controller, and a mode switch unit electronically connected to the main controller. The current detection unit cooperates with the main controller in detecting a value of an output current of a power supply circuit. The main controller determines whether the power supply circuit is operating in a discontinuous conduction mode or in a continuous conduction mode according to the value of the output current of the power supply circuit, and controls the mode switch unit to switch the power supply circuit to the continuous conduction mode when the power supply circuit operates in the discontinuous conduction mode.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for use with power supplies. A controller regulates power supply output by way of feedback signaling. Current pulses generated by an electrical load are detected in the feedback signaling and are processed to derive a sequence of digital bits. The digital bits are subjected to validity testing and decoded as digital data. Operations of the power supply are adjusted and requests for information are answered in accordance with the digital data.

Abstract: System and method for regulating a power converter. The system includes a comparator configured to receive a first signal and a second signal and generate a comparison signal based on at least information associated with the first signal and the second signal. The first signal is associated with at least an output current of a power converter. Additionally, the system includes a pulse-width-modulation generator configured to receive at least the comparison signal and generate a modulation signal based on at least information associated with the comparison signal, and a driver component configured to receive the modulation signal and output a drive signal to a switch to adjust a primary current flowing through a primary winding of the power converter. The modulation signal is associated with a modulation frequency corresponding to a modulation period.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus determines that an input AC voltage has reached a voltage at which a power supply control IC can start operating, based on the voltage at an auxiliary winding of a transformer included in a first converter. Note that since the first converter operates so as to maintain a constant voltage at the auxiliary winding, whether the input AC voltage has fallen to an operation lower limit voltage or lower cannot be detected by only monitoring the voltage at the auxiliary winding. The power supply apparatus monitors a second voltage that is proportional to the input AC voltage is generated from the voltage being applied to the primary side of a second converter. Accordingly, the power supply control IC starts and stops operating in accordance with the input AC voltage.

Abstract: A line voltage transformer device for a bathing installation includes a housing structure, with a line voltage electrical power connection including a line voltage wiring cable having an electrical connection at a distal end for connection to a line voltage AC supply outlet adjacent the bathing installation. A voltage transformer circuit is disposed within the housing and connected to the line voltage electrical power connection and is configured to transform AC line voltage electrical power from the line voltage electrical power connection to low voltage AC power at first and second low voltage AC terminals, wherein the low voltage AC power is delivered to the first and second low voltage AC terminals.

Abstract: A power supply circuit includes a plurality of output terminals that output voltages (voltages may have the same or different voltage values among the output terminals), and a transformer that has a plurality of output windings. First and second output windings of the plurality of output windings are coupled to each other. The first and second output windings have the same number of turns. First terminals, which have a first polarity, of the first and second output windings are connected to each other via a capacitor. Further, second terminals, which have a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, of the first and second output windings are electrically connected to each other. The second terminals of the first and second output windings may be directly connected to each other.

Abstract: A control device for a QR switching power converter is described; said power converter is adapted to convert an input signal to a DC output signal and comprises a power switch connected to said input signal and adapted to regulate said DC output signal and magnetic storage means. The control device is able to determine the switching frequency of the power switch and it is supplied by a feedback signal deriving from a feedback circuit coupled to the output signal of the power converter; said control device performs a control loop regulating the DC output signal by controlling a control variable. The control device comprises modulating means adapted to modulate said control variable as a function of at least one modulating signal having a frequency higher than the control loop bandwidth.

Abstract: A DC power supply (1) having a series regulator (2) for generating a fixed output DC voltage (VCC) at a variable input AC voltage (VAC) with low power loss. For this purpose, the DC power supply (1, 101, 201, 301) has a transformer (3, 103) having at least two auxiliary windings (W1, W2) having different numbers of windings that can each be connected via a switching device (4, 104, 204, 304) to the series regulator (2). Switching is effected such that the power loss is kept as low as possible.

Abstract: A switched mode power converter having a feedback mechanism by which a coded train of pulses with well defined integrity is generated on a secondary side of the power converter and transmitted to a dedicated control signal winding on the primary side for decoding and application to regulate the power converter output. The control signal winding enables separation of control signal transmission and power transmission resulting in improved processing of the control signal by a primary side controller. The pulse train is modulated by a secondary side controller, transmitted across a transformer and received by the control signal winding, and supplied to the primary side controller. Coded information is included in the coded pulse train by modulating pulses of the pulse train.

Abstract: A power factor correct current resonance converter is disclosed which eliminates interference of switching operations between two cascade-connected converter circuits. The power factor correct current resonance converter includes a current resonance converter circuit having switches, a resonance capacitor, a resonance inductor, a transformer, diodes, a smoothing capacitor, and a control circuit. The power factor correct current resonance converter also includes a power factor correct converter circuit having a choke coil, a diode, a smoothing capacitor, and a switch. The switch is turned on or off in response to a voltage produced in a winding of the transformer. Thus, the switching operation of the power factor correct converter circuit is performed in synchronization with the switching operation of the current resonance converter circuit, so that interference of the switching operations is eliminated. In addition, since a dedicated control circuit is not required, the cost can be reduced.

Abstract: A power supply includes a first circuit, a second circuit, a feedback circuit and a controller. The first circuit has a first switch, and the second circuit has a second switch. The first circuit transforms an input voltage to a middle voltage, and the second circuit transforms the middle voltage to an output voltage. The feedback circuit electrically connects to the controller and the output voltage respectively. The controller includes a first sub-control unit and a second sub-control unit. The first sub-control unit electrically connects to the first switch and the second sub-control unit electrically connects to the second switch. The controller generates a compensation voltage signal for the first sub-control unit and the second sub-control unit to control the first switch and the second switch.

Abstract: A power supply device including a rectifying unit, a supplying unit, a controlling unit, a conversion unit and a detection unit is disclosed. The rectifying unit processes an alternating current (AC) voltage to generate a direct current (DC) voltage. The supplying unit generates an operation voltage according to an input voltage. The controlling unit receives the operation voltage and generating an enabling signal. The conversion unit transforms the DC voltage to generate an auxiliary voltage according to the enabling signal. The auxiliary voltage is not equal to the operation voltage. The detection unit detects the auxiliary voltage. When the auxiliary voltage is generated, the detection unit de-activates the supplying unit to stop generating the operation voltage.

Abstract: A control circuit of a switching regulator, which controls rectified power within a predetermined range, detects an input voltage and an input current to generate a voltage detection signal and a current detection signal respectively, and the voltage detection signal and the current detection signal are multiplied by one the other to generate a power index. The control circuit generates an error signal according to the power index and a reference signal. A low-pass-filter filters a high frequency band in the process. A control signal generation circuit of the control circuit generates a control signal according to the error signal. And a driver circuit of the control circuit generates an operation signal according to the control signal, for switching a power switch to convert the rectified power to an output voltage.

Abstract: Control devices can be destroyed or damaged by their supply voltage in the event of malfunction. The voltage supply according to the present invention comprises a means (12) having a primary part (121) and secondary part (122), the primary part (121) being connected to the voltage source (10) and being controllable by means of the voltage output (112) of the voltage converter (11), and the secondary part (122) comprising a first and a second mutually independent winding, a supply voltage for the control device being made available by means of the first winding, and the second winding being connected to the voltage input (111) of the voltage converter (11) so that a supply voltage, additional to the voltage source (10), for the voltage converter (11) is implemented by means of the second winding.

Abstract: A power converter is provided. A transformer includes a primary winding for providing a primary voltage according to an input voltage, a secondary winding for providing a secondary voltage according to the primary voltage and an auxiliary winding for providing a reflection voltage according to the secondary voltage. A first switch coupled between the primary winding of the transformer and a ground has a control terminal for receiving a first control signal. A second switch coupled to the secondary winding has a control terminal for receiving a second control signal. A controller provides the first control signal to switch the first switch, so as to control the transformer to provide the secondary voltage. The controller provides the second control signal to switch the second switch according to the first control signal and the reflection voltage, so as to provide an output voltage in response to the secondary voltage.

Abstract: In a power supply apparatus driving circuit, at startup, an input voltage of a switching power supply is used as a driving power supply, and loss generated in a starting circuit is reduced. The starting circuit and the driving circuit are configured as a single driver. A control IC generates a switching control signal to control a first switching element and a second switching element. A driving circuit in a high breakdown voltage driver IC generates gate drive voltage signals for the first switching element and the second switching element based on the switching control signal inputted from the control IC. A starting circuit supplies the partial voltage of a voltage inputted to a starting power supply terminal, to each of the driving circuit in the high breakdown voltage driver IC and the control IC that is externally provided, and shuts off a switching element after startup.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus for LED is provided. The power supply apparatus for LED includes a transformer, a first output unit, and a second output unit. The transformer includes a primary winding, a secondary winding receiving a power induced from the primary winding, and a tertiary winding receiving the power induced from the primary winding. The first output unit is connected to the secondary winding of the transformer, and outputs a first power current to an LED in a first operating condition. The second output unit is connected to the tertiary winding of the transformer, and outputs a second power current to the LED in a second operating condition. When the LED is connected to the power supply apparatus for LED, the power supply apparatus allows a current equal to or less than a predetermined current to flow in the LED, thereby protecting the LED from an overcurrent.

Abstract: This invention provides a primary-side controlled power converter comprising: an RC network coupled to an auxiliary winding of a transformer of the primary-side controlled power converter to detect a reflected voltage of the transformer for generating a reflected signal, and a controller coupled to the RC network to receive the reflected signal for generating a switching signal; wherein the RC network develops a zero to provide a high-frequency path for shortening a rising time and a settling time of the reflected signal.

Abstract: A system for sensing voltage in an isolated converter includes an input circuit isolated from an output circuit using a first transformer, the first transformer having a primary coil and a secondary coil, wherein the output circuit includes an output inductor and an output capacitor, and wherein the input circuit includes a power source that provides power to the output circuit through the first transformer; a feedback winding coupled to the output inductor to form a second transformer; and a monitor circuit that calculates a voltage across the output capacitor using a voltage across the feedback winding, a voltage across the primary coil of the first transformer, a turns ratio of the first transformer, and a turns ratio of the second transformer in order to provide feedback to control the input circuit.

Abstract: Improving start-up time of a light emitting diode (led) driver at lower input voltage is accomplished with a quick start circuit comprising a constant current source that replaces the traditional trickle charge start-up path for charging of a Vcc capacitor supplying operating voltage to an SMPS controller. Also the constant current source will only be operational during SMPS start-up, then will turn off after the SMPS is capable of producing its own regulated power supply to the Vcc terminal of the SMPS controller, thereby minimizing E2/R power losses in the SMPS.

Abstract: A converter for feeding a load via an inductor with a current having a controlled intensity between a maximum level and a minimum level may include: a switch switchable on and off to permit or prevent, respectively, feeding of current towards said inductor; first and second current sensors sensitive to the current flowing through said switch when said switch is on or off, respectively; comparator circuitry to identify if the current intensity detected by said first current sensor and said second current sensor reaches said maximum level and said minimum level, respectively, by generating respective logical signals; and drive circuitry for said switch sensitive to said logical signals and configured to turn off said switch when the current intensity detected by said first sensor reaches said maximum level and turning on said switch when the current intensity detected by said second current sensor reaches said minimum level.