Abstract: A converter (145) is described comprising: a first input terminal (150) and a second input terminal (155), a first output terminal (165) and a second output terminal (170) connectable to opposite ends of the electrical load (110), a first electric branch (201) adapted to connect the first input terminal (150) with a first intermediate electrical node (202), a second electric branch (203) adapted to connect the first intermediate electrical node (202) with the second input terminal (155), a third electric branch (205) adapted to connect the first output terminal (165) with a second intermediate electrical node (206), a fourth electric branch (207) adapted to connect the second intermediate electrical node (206) with the second output terminal (170), a first active switch (180) placed on the second electric branch (203) and having a first conduction terminal (185) and a resonant circuit (200) sized to reduce the electric voltage and/or electric current applied to said first active switch at least in the moments

Abstract: The present invention provides a power control device for a hybrid vehicle that can allow power generation by a generator connected to a low-voltage battery regardless of a charging rate of the low-voltage battery. The hybrid vehicle includes: a motor (21) that can be coupled to a drive wheel (18) of the vehicle; a generator (22) that can be coupled to an internal combustion engine (11); a first secondary battery (21) connected to the motor (21); a second secondary battery (32) that is connected to the generator (22), and a voltage of which is lower than that of the first secondary battery (31); and a converter (33) that steps up a DC voltage received from the second secondary battery (32) and can output the stepped-up DC voltage to the first secondary battery (31).

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for improving a performance of a pulsed-ultraviolet (PUV) device. The method includes monitoring an input current across a circuit breaker in communication with a UV lamp, where the input current is delivered by a power signal and is interrupted by the circuit breaker upon exceeding a predefined cut-off current; generating a pulse signal having a set of frequencies based on the power signal for driving the UV lamp, where the pulse signal is associated with a predetermined cut-off frequency that increases the input current beyond the cut-off current; determining a predefined threshold current less than the cut-off current; and configuring the pulse signal with multiple distinct pulse frequencies per second for a predefined configuration period based on the input current exceeding the threshold current. The distinct pulse frequencies per second include at least one pulse frequency greater than the cut-off frequency.

Abstract: Circuits and methods that more effectively and efficiently solving the charge-balance problem for multi-level converter circuits by establishing a control method that selects an essentially optimal pattern or set of switch states that moves the fly capacitors towards a charge-balance state or maintains the current charge state every time a voltage level at an output node is selected regardless of what switch state or states were used in the past. Accordingly, multi-level converter circuit embodiments of the invention are free to select a different switch state or output voltage level every switching cycle without needing to keep track of any prior switch state or sequence of switch states. Additional benefits include improved transient performance made possible by the novel charge-balance method.

Abstract: According to an aspect of this disclosure, a circuit includes a voltage source and an output load, first and second resonant modules disposed between the voltage source and the output load, and first and second transformers. The circuit is further arranged such that the first transformer is disposed between the first resonant module and the output load, and the second transformer is disposed between the second resonant module and the output load. The circuit also includes a plurality of half-bridges coupled between the first and second resonant modules and the voltage source. The circuit further includes a voltage divider disposed between the voltage source and the plurality of half-bridges.

Abstract: An efficient control method for an isolated multilevel DC/DC resonant converter achieves a wide output voltage range with a narrow device switching frequency range, relative to the output voltage range and the device switching frequency range of the prior art. At any given time, a control circuit selects one of three different modulation schemes to operate the primary-side switching devices of the resonant converter based on at least one of output voltage, output current, input signal, and one or more external control signals. Together with a selected device switching frequency, the three modulation schemes generate different voltage waveforms to a primary-side transformer, which are coupled to the secondary-side to provide different output voltages.

Abstract: A power supply apparatus with step-up and step-down conversion includes a primary-side rectifying/filtering circuit, a step-up converter, a full-bridge LLC converter, a primary-side controller, a secondary-side rectifying/filtering circuit, a voltage regulator, and a secondary-side controller. The primary-side rectifying/filtering circuit rectifies and filters an AC input voltage into a DC input voltage. The primary-side controller controls the step-up converter to step up the DC input voltage to a step-up voltage, and controls the full-bridge LLC converter to convert the step-up voltage to a conversion voltage. The secondary-side rectifying/filtering circuit rectifies and filters the conversion voltage into a DC output voltage.

Abstract: A voltage regulator is provided. The voltage regulator includes a shunt transistor and a feedback circuit. The shunt transistor has a first current electrode coupled to a first voltage source terminal, a second current electrode coupled to a second voltage source terminal, a control electrode coupled to receive a reference voltage, and a body electrode. The feedback circuit has an input terminal coupled to the body electrode of the shunt transistor, and an output terminal coupled to the control electrode of the shunt transistor. The voltage regulator is suitable for use in a passive RFID device to protect the device from over-voltage damage. In another embodiment, a method for regulating a voltage is provided.

Abstract: An integrated circuit for a power management circuit is provided. The integrated circuit has a power input pin, a system output pin for providing an output voltage, a switching node pin coupled to a battery through an inductor, a ground pin, a first switch coupled between the system output pin and the switching node pin, a second switch coupled between the switching node pin and the ground pin, and a control circuit. The control circuit controls the first switch and second switch to operate in a buck mode or a boost mode. The first switch is turned OFF for a constant time, and the second switch is turned ON for the constant time.

Abstract: A pulse shaping device includes an inductor that is selectively output-coupled to a first port of a capacitor. The inductor is charged to a selected current throughput and then coupled to the first port to generate a first characteristic within the current flowing at a second port of the capacitor. The capacitor is charged until reaching a clamping voltage at the first port. A voltage clamp of the shaping device clamps the first port of the capacitor at the clamping voltage to generate a second characteristic within the current flowing at a second port of the capacitor.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter, an on-board charger, and an electric vehicle are disclosed. The DC-DC converter includes: a first adjustment module, a resonance module, a second adjustment module, a current detection module, and a controller. The current detection module is configured to detect a current signal of the resonance module; and the controller is configured to control the first adjustment module and the second adjustment module to reduce an output power when the current signal is greater than a current threshold. By directly detecting the current signal of the resonance module, a high precision and a faster response are achieved.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a conversion circuit (10) having a switching element and converting DC voltage into AC voltage by switching operation of the switching element, an isolation transformer (3) for which an input side is connected to the conversion circuit (10), a rectifier circuit (4) connected to an outside of the isolation transformer (3), a resonance circuit connected to the output side of the isolation transformer (3), and a control circuit (100) for controlling the switching element, wherein the control circuit (100) turning on the switching element in a period when current flowing through resonance circuit flows from a low potential side terminal to a high potential side terminal of the switching element via the isolation transformer (3).

Abstract: A load independent inverter comprises a switched mode zero-voltage switching (ZVS) amplifier. The switched mode ZVS amplifier comprising: a pair of circuits comprises: at least a transistor and at least a capacitor arranged in parallel; and at least an inductor arranged in series with the transistor and capacitor. The amplifier further comprises only one ZVS inductor connected to the pair of circuits; and at least a pair of capacitors connected to the ZVS inductor and arranged in series with at least an inductor and at least a resistor.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for continuous conduction mode operation in multi-output power converters are described herein. During a switching cycle, secondary current may be delivered via a diode to a secondary output. Prior to beginning a subsequent switching cycle, a diverting current may be provided to a lower voltage secondary output on a parallel path. In this way diode current may be reduced to substantially zero prior to the subsequent switching cycle.

Abstract: A method of modeling a wireless power transfer system can include constructing a loss-split circuit model of the wireless power transfer system. The loss-split circuit model can include a plurality of resistance values corresponding to power losses in selected components of the power system. The method can further include performing a plurality of finite element analyses to determine the plurality of resistor values. The one or more resistance values can correspond to power losses associated with one or more of: a transmitter coil, a receiver coil, friendly metal associated with a transmitter, friendly metal associated with a receiver, and a foreign object.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for a transformer supporting two or more sets of windings electrically connected to different voltage levels. Use of stress control materials or composite materials (comprising a matrix and filler) may direct electrical fields caused by the different voltage levels to have a lowered electrical field amplitude.

Abstract: The invention relates to a direct-current voltage converter (10) for electrical power transmission from a secondary side to a primary side of the direct-current voltage converter (10), which has on the primary side an actively clamped flyback converter circuit having a controlled first switch (1) and a controlled second switch (2), and the primary side is inductively coupled to the secondary side. The current of a secondary coil (6) on the secondary side, for inductive coupling to the primary side, is switched by a single controlled third switch (3) on the secondary side, and the direct-current voltage converter has a regulator (12) which, in parts of a regulating cycle, conductively connects the third switch (3) to the first switch (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a synchronous flyback converter (100) having terminals for supplying an LED load. The synchronous flyback converter (100) comprises a sensing winding (Lw) coupled to a primary winding (Lp) of a transformer T of the flyback converter (100), a control unit (106) controlling a primary side switch (S1) in series to the primary winding (Lp) of the flyback converter (100) using a feedback signal for a closed loop control of a secondary side voltage of the flyback converter (100) by controlling the frequency and/or duty cycle of the switching of the primary side switch (S1), wherein the feedback signal is derived from a sensing voltage across the sensing winding (Lw) sampled once during a switch-on time of a secondary side switch (S2) of the flyback converter (100).

Abstract: A half bridge switching cell includes two primary switching elements and a transformer with primary and secondary windings. Synchronized rectifiers correspond to the primary switching elements such that each of the synchronized rectifiers conducts when the corresponding primary switching element is not conducting. Each secondary winding is connected to one of the synchronous rectifiers and to a common connection and controlled current source. The primary switching elements conduct during offset times separated by a dead time. A magnetizing current flows through the secondary windings and synchronous rectifiers during the dead time. The magnetizing current flows into the primary winding when each of the synchronous rectifiers is turned off after the dead time, discharging a parasitic capacitance across the one of the primary switching elements when the corresponding synchronous rectifier is turned off, thereby creating a zero voltage switching condition at turn on for the primary switching elements.

Abstract: Disclosed are a switch driving device, in which individual zero voltage switching control of a first switch element and a second switch element forming a bidirectional switch is performed, and a switching power supply including a primary winding to which an alternating-current input voltage is applied, a secondary winding electromagnetically coupled to the primary winding, the bidirectional switch connected in series with the primary winding, a resonance capacitor connected in parallel with at least one of the bidirectional switch and the primary winding, a full-wave rectifier circuit that performs full-wave rectification of an induced voltage occurring in the secondary winding, a smoothing capacitor that smooths output of the full-wave rectifier circuit, and the switch driving device that drives the bidirectional switch.

Abstract: A synchronous rectification control circuit for controlling a switching circuit comprising a synchronous rectifier switch, can include: a drive circuit configured to generate a drive signal to control switching states of the synchronous rectifier switch; and a voltage regulation circuit configured to control the drive circuit to adjust an amplitude of the drive signal to decrease to a preset threshold in an adjustment state when a drain-source voltage of the synchronous rectifier switch is greater than an adjustment threshold before the synchronous rectifier switch is turned off, where a time that the voltage regulation circuit is in the adjustment state is an adjustment time.

Abstract: A method controls a converter assembly which has a line-commutated converter. The line-commutated converter has an alternating voltage terminal which can be connected via a phase conductor to an alternating voltage network. The converter assembly further has a switch module branch which is arranged serially in the phase conductor and which contains a series circuit of switch modules at each of the terminals of which bipolar voltages can be generated which add up to a branch voltage. A connection voltage to a connection point between the switch module branch and the converter is controlled by adjusting an amplitude of a positive sequence component of the branch voltage. The converter assembly is configured to carry out a control method for controlling the converter assembly.

Abstract: A hydraulic fracturing system includes one or more battery trailers having one or more batteries for providing operational energy to one or more connected components. The system also includes a switchgear system and fracturing equipment to receive operational energy from the one or more batteries of the one or more battery trailers to perform one or more fracturing actions.

Abstract: A control method, a controller, and a control system including a converter and the controller are provided to improve load responsiveness of control by the converter. The converter has a primary circuit that includes a voltage generation circuit for generating a square wave and a resonant circuit for converting a waveform of the generated square wave, and a secondary circuit that is electromagnetically coupled to the primary circuit and that generates an induced electromotive force. The controller controls the voltage generation circuit by a control target power factor. To implement power factor-based control, the controller controls the voltage generation circuit, based on a derived power factor derived from an active power and an apparent power relevant to the resonant circuit in the primary circuit or a derived power factor derived from a phase of the primary circuit.

Abstract: A serial IGBT voltage equalization method and system based on an auxiliary voltage source is disclosed. The method includes the following steps. (1) Detect a port dynamic voltage of each serial IGBT. (2) Perform dynamic overvoltage diagnosis respectively on the port dynamic voltage of each IGBT. (3) Supply emergency high level signal to the gate of the IGBT when there is dynamic overvoltage. (4) Stop supplying emergency high level signal to the gate of the IGBT, supply a constant voltage at the gate of the IGBT through the auxiliary voltage source. The invention provides a constant voltage through the auxiliary voltage source, prolongs the off time of the faulty IGBT, and turns off other IGBTs simultaneously, thereby achieving the purpose of serial IGBT voltage equalization.

Abstract: A topology for double-ended dual magnetic DC-DC SPC (“Voltage Doubler”) for all else being equal provides twice the output voltage as the conventional topology. The Voltage Doubler differs in that the secondary configuration is stacked in series as compared to the conventional topology in which the secondary configuration of the dual magnetics are in parallel. The output current is AC coupled rather than DC coupled to the load thereby doubling the output voltage. Because of the AC coupling, the Voltage Doubler is configured to automatically maintain balance of the secondary capacitors. During reset of the magnetics, the primary windings are shorted and both synchronous rectifier switches are closed. Due to transformer action, the output capacitors are connected to the output such that charge equalization forces the voltage on each capacitor to be equal.

Abstract: A control circuit and control method for an interleaved switching converter having a first and second interleaved voltage regulating circuit. The control method is: controlling a first switch of the first voltage regulating circuit operating in quasi-resonant mode, turning ON a second switch of the second voltage regulating circuit after the first switch is turned ON for a half switching period, generating a current sensing signal by detecting a current flowing through the second switch, generating a peak signal, wherein the peak signal is adjusted when a voltage across the second switch is higher than a voltage reference at the time the second switch is turned ON, and turning OFF the second switch when the current sensing signal increases to the peak signal.

Abstract: A control circuit for a flyback converter is configured to adjust a conduction time of an auxiliary switch of the flyback converter in accordance with a drain-source voltage of a main switch of the flyback converter when the main switch is turned on, in order to achieve zero-voltage switching of the main switch. The flyback converter can include: a main power stage having the main switch to control energy storage and transmission of a transformer; and a clamp circuit having an auxiliary switch to provide a release path for releasing energy of leakage inductance of the transformer.

Abstract: A smart-home device may include an energy-storage element that stores energy harvested from an environmental system; a power wire connector and a return wire connector; and switching elements configured to operate in a first state where the switching elements create a connection between the power and the return; and a second state where the switching elements interrupt the connection between the power and return. The smart-home device may also include a circuit that controls the switching elements, where the circuit is configured to detect a zero-crossing of a current received through the power wire connector; wait for a first time interval after the zero-crossing is detected; after an expiration of the first time interval, enable active power stealing for a second time interval; and after an expiration of the second time interval, disable active power stealing.

Abstract: A switching converter controller includes: a control loop adapted to be coupled to an output terminal of a power stage; and a hybrid hysteretic control (HHC) circuit coupled to the control loop. The HHC circuit includes a resonant capacitor voltage (Vcr) node adapted to be coupled to a resonant capacitor (Cr) of the power stage, where the Vcr node sums a sense voltage for Cr with a frequency compensation ramp. The HHC circuit also includes a soft-start controller coupled to the Vcr node. The soft-start controller includes a clamp circuit coupled to the Vcr node.

Abstract: A power adapter, includes: a transformer, including a primary winding and a secondary winding; a primary circuit, including a primary main switch, electrically coupled to the primary winding; a secondary circuit, including a first switch unit and a second switch unit; a first end of the first switch unit and a first end of the second switch unit are coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, and a second end of the first switch unit and a second end of the second switch unit connected to a first output port and a second output port, respectively; a control circuit, configured to detect output voltages of the first output port and the second output port, and controlling the primary main switch, the first switch unit and the second switch unit to adjust the output voltages of the first output port and the second output port.

Abstract: A power supply device includes: “m×n” switching elements; capacitors connected in series to corresponding ones of the switching elements and forming “m×n” series circuits; a charger charging the capacitors; “m” transformers in which primary windings are connected to both ends of corresponding ones of “m” parallel circuits formed by connecting “n” units of the series circuits in parallel to one another with the polarity aligned; a current detection unit detecting, as a detected current value, current flowing through a multistage series circuit in which secondary windings of the transformers are sequentially connected in series so that both ends of the circuit serve as output terminals; a control unit outputting a command signal generated based on the detected current value and a current command being a target value of the current output from the output terminals; and a drive unit driving the switching elements and the charger based on the command signal.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a resonant LLC power converter unit to provide a plurality of power outputs. The power converter unit includes multiple transformers arranged such that at least one primary winding of each transformer is connected in parallel and configured to provide a power output to a secondary that powers one of the plurality of outputs. One of these transformers, or a parallel choke across an output bus, can be used to provide lower power to the output bus during a standby state (i.e., during a light- or no-load condition). The power converter unit includes a first switching section for providing a first power input during normal operation and a second switching section for providing a second power input during no- or light-load conditions.

Abstract: Aspects of series resonator DC-to-DC converters are described. A series resonator DC-to-DC converter can include a first half-bridge circuit comprising a first high-side switch and a first low-side switch, a second half-bridge circuit comprising a second high-side switch and a second low-side switch, and a resonator in series between the first high-side switch and the first low-side switch. The circuit design and switching controller can be relied upon to impart soft-switching.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a method for improving a performance of a pulsed-ultraviolet (PUV) device. The method includes monitoring an input current across a circuit breaker in communication with a UV lamp, where the input current is delivered by a power signal and is interrupted by the circuit breaker upon exceeding a predefined cut-off current; generating a pulse signal having a set of frequencies based on the power signal for driving the UV lamp, where the pulse signal is associated with a predetermined cut-off frequency that increases the input current beyond the cut-off current; determining a predefined threshold current less than the cut-off current; and configuring the pulse signal with multiple distinct pulse frequencies per second for a predefined configuration period based on the input current exceeding the threshold current. The distinct pulse frequencies per second include at least one pulse frequency greater than the cut-off frequency.

Abstract: One example discloses a switched mode power supply device, comprising: an energy storage device; a controller configured to discharge the energy storage device; a voltage drop device having a first pin coupled to the energy storage device, a second pin coupled to the controller, and a third pin coupled to receive a first power-down signal; wherein the first power-down signal indicates that the energy storage device is to be discharged; wherein the voltage drop device is configured to input a first voltage from the energy storage device on the first pin and output a second voltage to the controller on the second pin; and wherein the second voltage is lower than the first voltage.

Abstract: A direct-current voltage conversion circuit having on/off control with a dead-time period performed alternately on a first switch and a second switch included in a direct-current voltage conversion circuit. When alternating current flows in a series circuit part including two transformers magnetically independent, current flows in an output circuit including a secondary side of one transformer, and energy is accumulated in the other transformer. The permeabilities of the magnetic cores in the first and second transformers is between 15 and 120.

Abstract: A power converter is provided. The power converter includes an input side having a first input winding and a second input winding coupled in electrical series to the first input winding. The power converter also includes an output side having a first output winding and a second output winding coupled in electrical parallel to the first output winding.

Abstract: A power supply comprises a transformer having a primary winding and a secondary winding, a bridge circuit coupled to the primary winding of the transformer, a first rail coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer, and a second rail coupled to the secondary winding of the transformer. The bridge circuit comprises a plurality of switches. The power supply also comprises a first sensor assembly coupled to generate a first error signal representing a difference between currents in the first rail and the second rail. A controller is configured to alter a duty cycle of a first switch of the plurality of switches relative to a duty cycle of a second switch of the plurality of switches based on the first error signal.

Abstract: A voltage conversion system includes an energy storage device; a power conversion unit connected to the energy storage device, the power conversion unit comprising: an inductor, the inductor comprising a number of coils that are non-coupled or weakly coupled, with a coupling coefficient less than 0.05; a multi-phase boost stage coupled to the inductor, wherein the multiphase boost stage comprises a number of phases that equals the number of coils; an inverter coupled to the multiphase boost stage; and a load coupled to the power conversion unit.

Abstract: Provided are a switching regulator and a power management unit including the switching regulator. A switching regulator configured to transform an input voltage and generate an output voltage includes a first regulating circuit configured to regulate the input voltage and to generate a first voltage based on a first switching signal set having a first duty ratio, and a second regulating circuit configured to regulate the first voltage and to generate the output voltage based on a second switching signal set having a second duty ratio. The switching regulator determines a voltage gain based on the first duty ratio and the second duty ratio, the voltage gain corresponding to a ratio of the output voltage to the input voltage.

Abstract: A memory system having a non-volatile memory and a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) that has a voltage regulator to apply a voltage on the non-volatile memory during normal operations. During a shutdown process, the PMIC has a bleeder that is activated to reduce the voltage applied on the non-volatile memory to a level that is below a programmable threshold, before allowing the memory system to restart again. During the bleeding operation, a comparator of the PMIC compares the voltage applied to the non-volatile memory and the threshold to determine whether the shutdown process can be terminated for a restart.

Abstract: Techniques and apparatus for controlling gate drivers of a switched-mode power supply (SMPS) circuit—such as a three-level buck converter, a divide-by-two charge pump, or an adaptive combination power supply circuit capable of switching therebetween—in a power-saving mode (e.g., a pulse-skipping mode). During such a power-saving mode in which a capacitor of a charge pump is disconnected from at least one power supply rail (e.g., first and second input nodes of the charge pump) and is coupled to power terminals of one or more drivers of the SMPS circuit, the capacitor is temporarily disconnected from the power terminals and temporarily coupled to the at least one power supply rail (e.g., for a few microseconds).

Abstract: A driver circuit includes a first switch which has a first terminal coupled to a voltage supply terminal, a second terminal coupled to a high-side gate, and a third terminal coupled to receive a voltage supply enable signal. The first switch is operable to connect the voltage supply terminal to the high-side gate responsive to the voltage supply enable signal. The driver circuit includes a second switch which has a first terminal coupled to a charge pump terminal, a second terminal coupled to the high side gate, and a third terminal coupled to receive a charge pump enable signal. The second switch is operable to connect the charge pump terminal to the high-side gate responsive to the charge pump enable signal.

Abstract: A circuit includes first and second transistors, a capacitor, and a controller. The controller is coupled to the control inputs of the first and second transistors. The controller configured to, during a first mode and in accordance with a first time-varying duty cycle, turn on and off the first transistor while turning on the second transistor when the first transistor is off. The controller is also configured to, during a second mode following the first mode, and in accordance with a second time-varying duty cycle, turn on and off the first transistor while turning on the second transistor when the first transistor is off.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a control method of a power conversion device including first and second bridge arms and two transformers. The first bridge arm includes the first, second and third switches serially connected. The second bridge arm includes the fourth, fifth and sixth switches serially connected. The control method includes: controlling the first and fourth switches to operate with duty cycle and being 180 degrees out of phase; controlling control signals of the third and fourth switches to be complementary, and controlling control signals of the sixth and first switches to be complementary; when the duty cycle being less than or equal to 0.5, controlling the second and fourth switches to switch synchronously, controlling the fifth and first switches to switch synchronously; and when the duty cycle being greater than 0.5, controlling the second and sixth switches to switch synchronously, controlling the fifth and third switches to switch synchronously.

Abstract: A power converter can include a magnetic energy storage element, a main switch, a synchronous rectifier switch, and an energy recovery circuit. The energy recovery circuit can include a resonant circuit and an auxiliary switch configured to operate in conjunction with the main and synchronous rectifier switches to store energy in the resonant circuit and deliver energy therefrom to reduce switching losses associated with the main and synchronous rectifier switches. The converter can be a buck, boost, buck-boost, or other converter type. The auxiliary switch may be operated according to a two-pulse control mode or using a conventional buck converter controller with additional delay elements. The resonant circuit inductance may be a discrete inductor or a parasitic inductance, such as a PCB trace, which may be designed to provide a desired inductance value selected to efficiently provide sufficient energy to achieve reduced switching losses of the main and auxiliary switches.

Abstract: A bidirectional bipolar transistor switch arrangement, including: a first bipolar transistor and a second bipolar transistor connected in anti-parallel between a first terminal and a second terminal, a resistor connected to the base of the first bipolar transistor and the second bipolar transistor and to a control terminal, a first diode connected with anode to the first terminal, and a second diode connected with anode to the second terminal, the first diode and the second diode being connected via respective cathodes to a supply terminal. The bidirectional bipolar transistor switch arrangement is able to control the power supply within a daisy chain with low drop voltage.

Abstract: In a described example, an integrated circuit (IC) is disclosed that includes a transistor. The transistor includes a substrate, and a buffer structure overlying the substrate. The buffer structure has a first buffer layer, a second buffer layer overlying the first buffer layer, and a third buffer layer overlying the second buffer layer. The first buffer layer has a first carbon concentration, the second buffer layer has a second carbon concentration lower than the first carbon concentration, and the third buffer layer has a third carbon concentration higher than the second carbon concentration. An active structure overlies the buffer structure.

Abstract: An electric driven hydraulic fracking system is disclosed. A pump configuration includes the single VFD, the single shaft electric motor, and the single hydraulic pump mounted on the single pump trailer. A controller associated with the single VFD and is mounted on the single pump trailer. The controller monitors operation parameters associated with an operation of the electric driven hydraulic fracking system as each component of the electric driven hydraulic fracking system operates to determine whether the operation parameters deviate beyond a corresponding operation parameter threshold. Each of the operation parameters provides an indicator as to an operation status of a corresponding component of the electric driven hydraulic fracking system. The controller initiates corrected actions when each operation parameter deviates beyond the corresponding operation threshold.