Abstract: A mixing and dispersing apparatus includes a tank body, a stirring part, a dispersing part, and a driving part. The tank body has an accommodating cavity configured to accommodate materials. The stirring part is disposed in the accommodating cavity and configured to mix the materials in the accommodating cavity. The dispersing part is disposed in the accommodating cavity and includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder. The first cylinder has a first cavity in communication with the accommodating cavity, the second cylinder is located in the first cavity, and the second cylinder has a second cavity in communication with the accommodating cavity. The driving part is connected to the stirring part and the dispersing part. The materials mixed in the accommodating cavity flow into the second cavity and flow out after being dispersed in the dispersing part.

Abstract: Behavior of a flow of foam ejected to a gypsum slurry can be stabilized, and a relatively large amount of foam can be homogeneously or uniformly dispersed in the slurry. A mixer has a mixing area for preparing gypsum slurry, a slurry delivery section for delivering the slurry from the mixing area, and a feeding port for feeding foam to the slurry in the mixing area and/or the slurry delivery section under pressure. The slurry having the foam mixed therein is supplied to a production line for forming gypsum boards or gypsum-based boards. The feeding port is provided with a partition member dividing an ejecting region. The ejecting region is divided into a plurality of openings, which simultaneously eject the foam to the slurry.

Abstract: A cavitation device is provided for use in a method for the treatment of water by cavitation. The water to be treated passes through an annular cavitation zone which exists between two mutually opposite annular structures which rotate relative to one another and which have teeth directed substantially axially towards one another. Here, the water flows along cavitation surfaces which are provided on the face sides of the teeth of a first of the two annular structures and which are inclined in the circumferential direction such that, viewed in the relative direction of rotation of the other, second annular structure, the spacings between said teeth and said second annular structure increase.

Abstract: A device for processing a liquid via hydrodynamic cavitation, the device including a housing, a channel element and a rotor, the channel element defining a channel and having at least one discharge orifice extending from the channel perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel element. The rotor has a rotor channel and rotates about the portion of the channel element containing the discharge orifice, to periodically open and close the discharge orifice, thereby creating a water hammer hydraulic pulse in the channel.

Abstract: An apparatus/method of cleaning a roaster bowl having a pouring lip and a cover (e.g., sugar or other coating is adhered to the bowl, its pouring lip and the cover). Water is added to the roaster bowl and the cover is placed over the roaster bowl. An appropriately sized and located steam vent is disposed between the cover and roaster bowl, adjacent to the bowl's pouring lip. The roaster bowl is heated to boil the water to produce steam that dissolves the sugar adhered to the roaster bowl and to the underside of the cover. Steam exiting the bowl via the vent condenses on the pouring lip to dissolve the sugar that is adhered to the pouring lip, and the sugar-laden steam drips back into the bowl thus cleaning the pouring lip.

Abstract: A device (1) that is used to disperse or homogenize according to the flow-through principle, that includes at least one tool having a rotor (2) and a stator (3), expediently, several tools of this type that are arranged in an axial manner behind one another, that are arranged in a chamber (4) through which a medium that is to be treated flows. The rotor(s) is/are driven by a motor (6) via a magnetic coupling (5) and the magnetic coupling (5) has a stationary separating can (9) between a drive-sided, rotationally-driven drive coupling part (7) and a driven coupling part (8), such that expensive cooled shaft seals can be avoided. The drive coupling part (7) that is on the drive side engages in a recess-shaped or hollow cylindrical driven coupling part (8) that is on the driven side and the separating can (9) is arranged between the coupling parts. As a result, the driven coupling part (8) and the separating can are cooled by the medium that is processed.

Abstract: A method for producing an emulsion is provided. At least a fluid to be processed that forms continuous phase and a fluid to be processed that forms dispersed phase are mixed in a thin film fluid formed between processing surfaces arranged to be opposite to each other so as to be able to approach to and separate from each other, at least one of which rotates relative to the other, whereby the emulsion having variation coefficient of 0.3 to 30% in a particle size distribution is obtained.

Abstract: Provided is a homogenizing mixer including: a container having an internal space so that materials whose properties differ are contained therein; a fixed frame that is disposed so as to be fixed at the bottom of the container, and communicates from the inside of the container; an agitating unit that is disposed in the fixed frame, so as to be lifted up and down by medium of an lifting unit, and that agitates the materials contained in the container; a driving unit that is disposed on the bottom of the agitating unit for transferring a rotational driving force for the agitating unit; and a discharging unit that is coupled to the agitating unit and discharging a homogenized material to the outside of the mixer.

Abstract: An agricultural system including an emulsifier, an oils and additives tank, an oils and additives feed pump, a water tank, a water feed pump, a spray pump, and at least one spay nozzle, wherein the agricultural system is configured for shearing oil drops into oil droplets at a first mechanical shear stage of the emulsifier and forcing the oil, the additive, and the water by centrifugal force for shearing the oil droplets at a second mechanical shear stage of the emulsifier into oil emulsion droplets against a centrifugal force.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a non-Newtonian fluid product including a non-Newtonian fluid base product including at least one second phase is shown. A second phase dispersion apparatus is shown which receives the at least one second phase and the non-Newtonian fluid base product and disperses the at least one second phase within the non-Newtonian fluid base product to produce the non-Newtonian fluid product.

Abstract: An emulsifying and dispersing arrangement is provided, in which a handled material undergoes multi-time handling and a dispersion process, for achieving dispersion characteristics exhibiting uniformity of particle size. In addition, the temperature generated in the arrangement is controllable.

Abstract: A method for introducing inhibitor into a fluid to be treated by forming a dispersion comprising droplets, particles, or gas bubbles of inhibitor dispersed in a continuous phase of a carrier, wherein forming the dispersion comprises subjecting a mixture of the inhibitor and the carrier to a shear rate of greater than about 20,000 s?1 in a high shear device comprising at least one generator comprising a rotor and a complementarily-shaped stator, wherein the rotor and the stator each comprise grooves, and wherein the grooves of the stator and the grooves of the rotor of each generator are disposed in alternating directions, and using at least a portion of the dispersion to inhibit corrosion.

Abstract: Reactors, reactor systems and methods for producing particles in a precipitation process are provided. The reactor includes a housing defining a reaction chamber, a stator assembly including two or more stators, a rotor assembly including two or more rotors, the rotor assembly configured for rotation about an axis of rotation relative to the stator assembly, a first inlet to supply a first reactant material to the reaction chamber at a first radial location, a second inlet to supply a second reactant material to the reaction chamber at a second radial location different from the first radial location, wherein the first and second reactant materials react to produce precipitation of particles in the reaction chamber, and an outlet to supply the particles formed in the reaction chamber.

Abstract: A method for introducing inhibitor into a fluid to be treated, the method including forming a dispersion comprising droplets, particles, or gas bubbles of inhibitor dispersed in a continuous phase of a carrier, wherein forming the dispersion comprises subjecting a mixture of the inhibitor and the carrier to a shear rate of greater than about 20,000 s?1; and using at least a portion of the dispersion to inhibit corrosion.

Abstract: A method for introducing inhibitor into a fluid to be treated by forming a dispersion comprising droplets, particles, or gas bubbles of the inhibitor dispersed in a continuous phase of a carrier, wherein the droplets, particles, or gas bubbles have a mean diameter of less than 5 ?m, and wherein either the carrier is the fluid to be treated or the method further comprises introducing the dispersion into the fluid to be treated. A system for inhibiting an undesirable component, the system comprising at least one high shear mixing device comprising at least one generator comprising a rotor and a stator separated by a shear gap, wherein the high shear mixing device is capable of producing a tip speed of the rotor of greater than 22.9 m/s, and a pump for delivering a mixture of a carrier and an inhibitor to the high shear mixing device.

Abstract: The instant invention is a device for producing dispersions and method of producing dispersions. The device for producing dispersions includes a first stator, a second stator, a shell encasing the first stator and the second stator, a rotor being disposed therebetween the first stator and the second stator thereby forming a first chamber and a second chamber, at least one first inlet port into the first chamber, and at least one outlet port out of the second chamber. The device may optionally include at least one additional second inlet port into the second chamber.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for producing a non-Newtonian fluid product including a non-Newtonian fluid base product including at least one second phase is disclosed. A second phase dispersion apparatus is disclosed which receives the at least one second phase and the non-Newtonian fluid base product and disperses the at least one second phase within the non-Newtonian fluid base product to produce the non-Newtonian fluid product.

Abstract: A device for cutting/shearing in a process vessel (1) product clusters and/or materials (3) into smaller particles and dispersing them in a liquid product bulk (4) or for mixing in the process vessel liquid products with each other that are difficult to mix. The device has an electric motor (13) arranged out-side the process vessel and, driven by the same by magneto drive, a processing unit (12) positioned inside the process vessel. The processing unit comprises a stationary inner part (14) and, rotatable about this, an outer part (15), the inner and outer parts having the shape of substantially concentric rings (16, 17) arranged with a close fit to each other and having a plurality of through slotshaped shearing recesses (18) opposing each other.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixer reactor of the rotor-stator type. This mixer reactor comprises a substantially rotationally symmetric housing which has a distributing chamber, a mixing chamber, a front plate that modifies the cross-section of the housing between these two chambers, and there are separate inlets into the mixing chamber for at least two substances and an outlet for removing the mixed material or product. The inlet for the first substance is provided in the axis of rotation of the mixing chamber. Two or more channels are aligned radially outward from this inlet, and the first substance is transported through these channels and into the mixing chamber. The inlet for the at least second substance is constructed in the form of a plurality of openings in the front plate, these inlet openings being are arranged rotationally symmetrically to the axis of rotation. Each of these inlet openings for the at least second substance has a corresponding pin which can be displaced in the axial direction.

Abstract: The invention relates to an appliance (1) for cooking food, the appliance comprising firstly a receptacle (2) for containing the food and secondly a blade (8) placed within the receptacle (2), said receptacle (2) and blade (8) being designed to be driven with relative rotary motion so as to stir the food in the receptacle (2), the appliance being characterized in that the blade (8) includes turnover means (13) shaped to act under the effect of the relative rotary motion to cause at least a fraction of the food to turn over in a turnover direction (D) that presents, in the plane of the rotary motion, a majority component that is radial.

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a liquid is disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a chamber defining an inlet and an outlet, a rotor located in the chamber; and at least one surface located in the chamber. The at least one surface is spaced apart and substantially parallel to the rotor. The rotor and the at least one surface define a reaction zone therebetween. The reaction zone is in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. The rotation of the rotor relative to the at least one surface is adapted to cause turbulence in the liquid passing through the reaction zone. At least one of the rotor and the at least one surface define a plurality of dimples thereon.

Abstract: A device for cutting/shearing in a process vessel (1) product clusters and/or materials (3) into smaller particles and dispersing them in a liquid product bulk (4) or for mixing in the process vessel liquid products with each other that are difficult to mix. The device has an electric motor (13) arranged out-side the process vessel and, driven by the same by magneto drive, a processing unit (12) positioned inside the process vessel. The processing unit comprises a stationary inner part (14) and, rotatable about this, an outer part (15), the inner and outer parts having the shape of substantially concentric rings (16, 17) arranged with a close fit to each other and having a plurality of through slotshaped shearing recesses (18) opposing each other.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating solids, in particular mixing, pelletizing or drying, includes a vessel receiving a solid product, and a driveshaft which is arranged in the vessel. Disposed in fixed rotative engagement with the driveshaft is at least one mixing member which rotates in a rotation direction and has two mixing arms. Each mixing arm includes a main vane of generally triangular cross section to define an apex which is directed in the rotation direction of the mixing member.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mixer and a mixing method which enable stable supply of slurry at a high flow rate with foam being uniformly mixed therein, and which enable reduction in consumption of foam to be fed to the slurry. The mixer (10) has a housing (20), a rotary disc (32), a slurry outlet port (45), a slurry delivery conduit (46) and a hollow connector section (47). A foam feeding port (41) is disposed in a predetermined position of an annular wall or the hollow connector section. The foam feeding port feeds the foam to the slurry, immediately before the slurry enters the slurry outlet port, or feeds the foam to the slurry in the hollow connector section. The slurry and the foam mix with each other at the slurry outlet port or on its downstream side. The foam is not substantially subjected to agitation impact of the mixer and a quantity of loss of the foam is reduced.

Abstract: A device (1) which includes a dispersing and/or homogenizing tool (2) and a pump (7) located on the same shaft (10), wherein a pumpable material can be fed from a receptacle, especially a container (3) or a pipe, to the dispersing and/or homogenizing tool (2). This material can be mixed in the dispersing and homogenizing tool (2) with an additive, which is led through a feeding line (5) and a region (5a) arranged concentric to the supply line (4) to an opening (6) before the dispersing and homogenizing tool (2). The pump (7) arranged at a distance before the opening (6) and before the dispersing and homogenizing tool (2), and has a pumping pressure in the flow direction, which, in the region of this opening (6), is less than the suctioning pressure of the tool (2).

Abstract: An improved process, such as a microbiological or enzymatic process, and apparatus, such as an apparatus for producing a cellular product, comprising introducing a gaseous feed stream of at least one gas of low solubility into an aqueous medium containing a microorganism capable of converting said gaseous feed stream to a cellular product, entraining the gas in the aqueous medium, stirring the gas-entrained aqueous medium so that the gas is retained within the reactor for a time sufficient for the microorganism to convert the majority of the gas to product.

Abstract: A homogenizer for homogenizing free-flowing substances, with a rotor which is mounted in a housing so that it can rotate and can be driven by a drive device. An element is mounted in the housing so that it can rotate and can be driven by a drive device independently of the rotor to homogenize and/or transport the liquid substance.

Abstract: A mixing apparatus having a mixer unit (7) which includes a cup-shaped stator (24, 33) and a rotor (17) located in the mixing chamber (18). Two inputs (6, 8) and an output (13) are provided. The mixing chamber (18) is divided into a plurality of mixing regions by a separating disc (20). Inner blades (21) and outer blades (22) are provided. An edge rail (37) is positioned in the plane of the separating disk (20), between the inner (21) and outer (22) blades. The stator (24, 33) has a different configuration in the various mixing areas of the mixing chamber (18). As a result, different yield and mixing ratios can be obtained in the mixing areas of the mixing chamber (18).

Abstract: This invention belongs to mixing technology and can be used in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and other industries for processes of dispersion, homogenization, pasteurization, and sterilization of liquid media and for performing sonochemical reactions in the ultrasound frequency band. The technical objective is to raise the effectiveness of treatment of flowing liquid media. The technical objective is accomplished by the fact that the rotary pulsation device contains a body (1), rotor (2), and stator (4), having turbulizing elements (3, 8) on their opposing surfaces, and moreover, the disk of the rotor (2) has radial incisions and/or slots (9) between the turbulizing elements 3.

Abstract: A device (1) which includes a dispersing and/or homogenizing tool (2) and a pump (7) located on the same shaft (10), wherein a pumpable material can be fed from a receptacle, especially a container (3) or a pipe, to the dispersing and/or homogenizing tool (2). This material can be mixed in the dispersing and homogenizing tool (2) with an additive, which is led through a feeding line (5) and a region (5a) arranged concentric to the supply line (4) to an opening (6) before the dispersing and homogenizing tool (2). The pump (7) arranged at a distance before the opening (6) and before the dispersing and homogenizing tool (2), and has a pumping pressure in the flow direction, which, in the region of this opening (6), is less than the suctioning pressure of the tool (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a mixing apparatus wherein raw material may be crushed to fine particles of desirous size to be mixed uniformally by multi-layed mixing blocks.

Abstract: A rotary dispergator comprises a rotor (4) set on a shaft (5) of a stator (2) having a coaxial row of teeth (7) and an outer concentric row of straightening blades (8), encompassing the rotor (4) from the outside, the width of radial cuts between the straightening blades (8) of the stator (2) being several times smaller than their length. The rotor (4) has an impeller comprised of straight or curved blades (10), as well as a coaxial row of blades (11). A method of producing food products consists in that with the help of the dispergator a mechano-acoustic effect with an intensity of 100-500 W/kg of product is produced on the material to be comminuted placed into a container. With the use of rotary dispergator, various food products based on a vegetable material are produced: a soybean paste, a mayonnaise.

Abstract: A rotary pulsation device having a body, at least one rotor and one or more stators, in which the increased efficiency of the device is effected through the presence of ultrasonic vibrations generated by the bulk vibration of the rotors, stators, or both, the generation of the vibrations is a function of a combination of one or more of: the clearance between the rotors and stators which can be adjusted; turbulizing elements on the rotors, stators, or both; incisions on the rotors; slots in the rotors; and choke channels for controlling and directing recirculated flow within the device.

Abstract: A single screw extruder comprises a mixer associated with the screw, and comprising a rotor driven by the screw and a stator, the rotor and the stator each carrying mutually facing interengaging rings of teeth whereby the material is urged outwardly from the screw along a first tortuous mixing path, and then returned inwardly to the screw along a second tortuous mixing path, with the teeth extending axially, or generally so, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the screw. The invention also includes a mixer comprising a cylindrical stator chamber having opposed, radially extending faces provided with axially projecting, radially spaced-apart rings made up of alternating teeth and ridges, a rotor rotatably fitted within the stator and provided on its opposite side faces with axially projecting, radially spaced-apart rings of alternating teeth and ridges with the rotor and stator rings interengaging with both radial and axial clearance so as to define a tortuous material flow path.

Abstract: A mix head assembly including a mix chamber having a mixer rotatably mounted therein. The mixer extends for a longitudinal length and defines a multiple of vanes which agitate the fluid material components as the mixer is rotated. A plunger is movably mounted in the mix chamber relative to the mixer. As the plunger is driven relative the mixer, the plunger scrapes the fluid material off the mixer such that no remnants remain within the mix chamber.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device which is used to mix materials in a mixer unit (7) which comprises a stator (24) and a rotor (17) arranged in a mixing chamber (18); The aim of the invention is to embody the stator (24) in a different manner in the mixing areas of said mixing chamber (18), said mixing areas being separated by means of a separating disk (20) associated with the rotor (17). As a result, different yield and mixing ratios can be obtained in the mixing areas of the mixing chamber (18).

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for the production of a polyurethane mixture is described. The apparatus comprises a high-pressure mixing device provided with a mixing chamber opening onto a side of a discharge duct. An elongated cleaning member is reciprocable inside the duct and is provided with a longitudinal channel for feeding a fluidized reinforcing material, for example reinforcing fibers or a reinforcing material in powder or granulate form, to be blended with the polyurethane mixture flowing into the discharge duct. The feeding channel for the reinforcing material terminates at the front end of the cleaning member, at a point where the flow of reinforcing material impinges the polyurethane mixture which emerges from the mixing chamber under high turbulence conditions. Blowing nozzles are provided to generate air jets for repeatedly deviating the flow of blended polyurethane mixture and reinforcing material flowing out from the discharge duct.

Abstract: A system for providing improved bulk liquid mixing and effective gas-liquid contacting for mass transfer of the gas to the liquid, especially a non-Newtonian liquid, the viscosity of which decreases when under shearing conditions (shear thinning), in an upright tank. An upright draft tube is mounted within the tank and has a lower end spaced from the tank bottom and an upper end spaced below the surface of the liquid in the tank. A plurality of mixing impellers in the draft tube are sufficiently close to each other to establish a field or pattern of agitation to cause shear thinning and upflow throughout the draft tube and which produces significant turbulence at the liquid surface. A plurality of radially inwardly projecting, circumferentially spaced baffles extend from the draft tube and are proximate the mixing impellers to prevent swirling of the liquid within the draft tube.

Abstract: A portable mixing device for quickly and efficiently combining dry constituents with water to form a mix having a thin batter consistency and no unmixed material. Mounted on a wheeled, pivoting frame, a single individual can use the device to mix the material and pour it in the proper location. The device includes a cylindrical mixing drum and agitation tool mounted within the mixing drum. The agitation tool includes a motor and housing, a drive shaft, wiping assembly, and mixing assembly. The stationary wiping assembly, which extends downward into the mixing drum co-mingles so as to pass closely between and among the blades of the rotating mixing assembly such that the flexible edge portions of the wiping assembly blades are in intermittent contact with the blades of the mixing assembly. The “wiping” action of the wiper assembly on the mixing assembly insures complete and efficient agitation and mix of materials.

Abstract: This invention belongs to mixing technology and can be used in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and other industries for processes of dispersion, homogenization, pasteurization, and sterilization of liquid media and for performing sonochemical reactions in the ultrasound frequency band. The technical objective is to raise the effectiveness of treatment of flowing liquid media. The technical objective is accomplished by the fact that the rotary pulsation device contains a body (1), rotor (2), and stator (4), having turbulizing elements (3, 8) on their opposing surfaces, and moreover, the disk of the rotor (2) has radial incisions and/or slots (9) between the turbulizing elements 3.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the mixing of material by means of the combination of sheer-dispersion and/or extensional-dispersion and distributive mixing actions, in which the mixing occurs in one or more stages within stress inducing flow channels between movable members whereby the material is essentially propelled through the flow channels of such stages by pumping actions provided by the relative movement between the members within the mixer itself.

Abstract: A portable concrete plant for producing ready mix concrete proximate to a location where the ready mix concrete is used. The portable concrete plant includes storage regions for storing components used in the ready mix concrete. The portable concrete plant also includes a slurry mixer for preparing slurry that is used in the ready mix concrete. The portable concrete plant further includes conveying systems for conveying the components from the storage regions and from the slurry mixer to a system discharge port.

Abstract: A system for providing improved bulk liquid mixing and effective gas-liquid contacting for mass transfer of the gas to the liquid, especially a non-Newtonian liquid, the viscosity of which decreases when under shearing conditions (shear thinning), in an upright tank. A process, such as fermentation which produces commercial quantities of polysaccharides such as xanthan gum. may be carried out in the tank. An upright draft tube is mounted within the tank and has a lower end spaced from the tank bottom and an upper end spaced below the surface of the liquid in the tank. A plurality of mixing impellers in the draft tube are sufficiently close to each other to establish a field or pattern of agitation to cause shear thinning and upflow throughout the draft tube and which may produce turbulence at the liquid surface. A plurality of radially inwardly projecting. circumferentially spaced baffles extend from the draft tube and are proximate the mixing impellers to prevent swirling of the liquid within the draft tube.

Abstract: A homogenizer for homogenizing free-flowing substances, with a rotor which is mounted in a housing so that it can rotate and can be driven by a drive device. An element is mounted in the housing so that it can rotate and can be driven by a drive device independently of the rotor to homogenize and/or transport the liquid substance.

Abstract: A method of suspension polymerization of a monomeric composition to produce a polymer or a polymer composition is disclosed which method comprises the steps of retaining a disperse phase component composed of the monomeric composition and a continuous phase component composed of a medium in independent vessels, supplying the disperse phase component and the continuous phase component from their respective vessels into a disperser simultaneously and continuously through associated independent passageways, applying shear force in the disperser to form a dispersion having droplets of a desired size, subsequently introducing the dispersion into a polymerization vessel, and completing a polymerizating reaction to produce a polymer or a polymer composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an aqueous dispersion of a polymer substance, wherein a mill is used as a mixing apparatus, the mill comprises a disk-type rotor serving as a rotational body and a stator serving as a non-rotational body, the rotor and the stator are disposed oppositely, a protrusion is formed on at least one of the opposed surfaces of the rotor and the stator, the rotor and the stator are disposed such that the distance therebetween becomes narrower, a polymer substance serving as a raw material which is melted in advance so as to assume a liquid state and an aqueous poval solution are fed to the narrow space in the mill, and the rotor is rotated at high speed, to thereby produce an aqueous dispersion. The process may provide downsized producing equipment while saving space and reducing equipment cost.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating an aqueous medium with a treatment fluid including a housing forming a treatment chamber, a rotatable rotor arranged in the treatment chamber, and including a number of rotor rings carried by the rotatable rotor and coaxially arranged at the periphery of the rotatable rotor, a number of stationary stator rings coaxially inserted between the rotor rings thus forming a number of annular axial treatment slots which have a radial size between the rotor rings and the stationary stator rings, the radial size of these slots increasing with increasing distance from the axis of the rotatable rotor, an inlet for delivering the working medium and the treatment fluid to one side of the annular axial treatment slots and an outlet for the treated working media disposed at the other side of the annular axial treatment slots, whereby the working medium is sheared in the treatment slots during operation so that substantially homogeneous shearing velocities are achieved in each of these slots.

Abstract: A mixer 10 comprises a disc 32 having peripheral edge 35, which is formed in a circular profile concentric with inner circumferential surface 25 of annular outer wall 23; lower pins 50 provided with rear bulged portions 73 extend backward of the rotational direction R; and upper pins 60 provided with front bulged portion 72′ which extends forward of the rotational direction. A disc without a toothed formation on its peripheral edge zone can prevent the slurry from depositing on the outer periphery of the disc. Front and rear bulged portions 72′, 73 occupy a rearward area of the lower pin and a forward area of the upper pin so as not to provide retentive regions for the slurry, which might otherwise have caused a vortex or turbulent flow of the slurry. Accordingly, the deposition of slurry on the lower and upper pins can be prevented from occurring.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for continuously tempering a fat-containing, chocolate-like mass. The mass is subjected to a cooling creating crystals in the mass as it passes over crystal creating cooling surfaces, and a final reheating (H). For any raise or drop in the cooling medium temperature or flow, the temperature of the crystal creating cooling surfaces is controlled to be lower than, or equal to a predetermined, maximum temperature value, which creates crystals in the mass.

Abstract: A guide vane is provided in a pin fluffer to assist in pulp mat retention during fluffing by providing a cyclic lift component to the mat as it passes over the vane thereby also further increasing retention time obtained in the fluffer.