Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer readable media for testing effects of simulated frame preemption and deterministic fragmentation of preemptable frames in a frame-preemption-capable network are disclosed. According to one method, a device under test including at least one processor simulates frame preemption by generating a plurality of simulated preempted frame fragments and an express frame. The test device deterministically orders, independently from MAC merge sublayer fragmentation and ordering, the simulated preempted frame fragments and the express frame for transmission to the DUT. The test device transmits the simulated preempted frame fragments and the express frame to the DUT in an order corresponding to the deterministic ordering. The test device receives a response of the DUT to the simulated preempted frame fragments and the express frame. The test device determines, based on the response of the DUT, whether the DUT operates in accordance with specifications for frame preemption.

Abstract: Methods and systems for tracking transactions in a network fabric, include: receiving a message generated by a node in the network fabric; assigning a uniform fabric identifier (“UFID”) to the node; assigning a uniform transaction identifier (“UTID”) to the message”; appending the UFID and the UTID to the message; and storing the message in a database.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and testing methods for performing testing operations over multiple types of links and through multiple potential points of failure to segment sources of problems, which may relate to reported or actual instances of service disruption in a network communication environment. The apparatus may perform service layer testing directly via an optical link, in addition to via Ethernet service layer testing. The apparatus may further conduct tests on other layers as well, including the physical layer, the network layer, and the link layer. To facilitate efficient testing, the apparatus may integrate programmable workflow profiles that specify tests to be conducted, and may interface with a cloud platform for sharing results of the tests, providing end-to-end testing of various components and types of links (whether optical or electrical, including wired and wireless links). Results of the tests may provide guidance to resolve detected problems.

Abstract: Previously available network monitoring and management systems fail to provide an indication about how uplink traffic is handled at or beyond the network access point. By contrast, various implementations disclosed herein provide uplink performance monitoring and management from a client device, which is located on one side of an access point, to a destination that is located on the other side of the access point. For example, in some implementations, a method of uplink performance management is provided that includes transmitting a plurality of uplink test packets from a client device, determining a response to the transmission of the plurality of uplink test packets through the network access point, and generating one or more uplink performance values according to the determined response, the one or more uplink performance values characterizing how uplink traffic is handled between the client device and the destination both to and beyond the network access point.

Abstract: Communication apparatus for a cellular communication system are disclosed. The communication apparatus comprises a controller and a transceiver. The controller is operable to control the transceiver to communicate with communication apparatus of a wireless local area network (WLAN) in pursuance of an interface setup procedure to setup an interface between the communication apparatus for the cellular communication system and the communication apparatus of the WLAN. As part of the interface setup procedure, the controller controls the transceiver to transmit an interface setup request message to the communication apparatus of the WLAN and receive, responsive to the interface setup request message, an interface setup response message including information identifying an access mode of at least one access point (AP) of the WLAN. The controller sets up the interface at the communication apparatus for the cellular communication system based on the interface setup procedure.

Abstract: A method, system, and computer program product for preprocessing raw data based on risk identifier tags are presented. A first set of risk identifier tags based on risk assessment data is generated, in which the risk assessment data includes a set of indicators of operational risk of an entity. At least one risk identifier tag of the first set of risk identifier tags matches content of a data item within a raw dataset is determined. The at least one risk identifier tag is mapped to the data item. The mapped data item is provided to a risk assessment system to determine operational risk rating of the entity.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a first uplink grant used to indicate activation of a semi-persistent scheduling, a higher layer processing unit configured to store the first uplink grant as a configured uplink grant, and a transmitter configured to transmit a medium access control (MAC) protocol data unit corresponding to the configured uplink grant, wherein the higher layer processing unit does not generate the MAC protocol data unit in a case that the MAC protocol data unit includes only a MAC control element for a padding buffer status (BSR) report and aperiodic channel state information (CSI) is not requested.

Abstract: A signaling attack prevention method and apparatus is provided. The signaling attack prevention method can include receiving a Diameter request message sent by a mobility management entity (MME) or a serving general packet radio service (GPRS) support node (SGSN); and determining whether the Diameter request message is received through a roaming interface. When the Diameter request message is received from the roaming interface, the signaling attack prevention method can include determining whether a characteristic parameter of the Diameter request message is valid; and if the characteristic parameter of the Diameter request message is invalid, the method can include discarding Diameter request message or returning, to the MME or the SGSN, a Diameter response message carrying an error code. In this way, a hacker can be effectively prevented from attacking an HSS or an edge node by using each attack path, and communication security is improved.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and systems that limit a number of DCI payload sizes in order to limit the complexity of processing needed to perform blind decoding of the DCI payload. Various embodiments are provided that limit the number of DCI payload sizes. A base station determines the payload sizes to be used for a given time slot and once generated, transmits the DCI to one or more UEs. The UE is responsible for receiving the DCI and performing blind decoding to decode the information intended for the UE. In some embodiments, limiting the number of payload sizes may result in some DCI content that is smaller than the allotted DCI payload size being padded with zero bits to fill the allotted DCI payload size.

Abstract: The use of mobile telephones have come into widespread use in such a way that day to day life has become very much dependent on them. This results in unintentional or intentional use of mobile phones in the prohibited areas such as examination centers. A method for detecting active radiofrequency wireless communication signal in a region has been provided. The method involves two stages, calibration stage and mobile phone detection stage. In the calibration stage, the frequency on which the mobile towers in that region are operating are identified. The identified frequency is then used to detect the active wireless RF communication using a plurality of software defined radios (SDR) and the existing client systems present in the region. The method further configured to determine the exact location of the mobile phone from the RF communication signal is generated.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate data replication in databases. In some embodiments, a method includes accessing transaction information from a staging store at a first database. The method further includes determining one or more records to be prefetched from a hard disk of a second database based on the transaction information. The method further includes prefetching the one or more records to be prefetched from the hard disk. The method further includes storing the one or more prefetched records in a memory of the second database. The method further includes updating the one or more records stored in the second database based on the transaction information.

Abstract: Disclosed in a method of discontinuous data reception in a mobile communication system. The method includes: receiving downlink data and decoding the received downlink data by the UE; when the decoding is not successful, starting a timer for receiving retransmitted data; when the downlink data has been received by a configured downlink assignment, operating a downlink carrier, through which the downlink data has been received, in an active time; and when the downlink data has been received by a dynamic transmission resource and the downlink carrier, through which the downlink data has been received, is different from a downlink carrier, through which a scheduling command for the downlink data has been received, operating the downlink carrier, through which the scheduling command for the downlink data has been received, and the downlink carrier, through which the downlink data has been received, in an active time.

Abstract: A method and apparatus reports packet data control protocol (PDCP) status and PDCP resets in a wireless communication, using control PDUs that may have security protection applied by ciphering of the control PDUs. Reliability of the PDCP status and reset messages may be assured by acknowledgement according to an acknowledged mode or to an unacknowledged mode.

Abstract: A computational instance of a remote network management platform includes a database that contains a plurality of CI records corresponding to a set of computing devices, a set of software applications, and a network-based service. The database also contains a definition of a service model that represents the set of computing devices, the set of software applications, and relationships therebetween that facilitate providing the network-based service. The computational instance also includes one or more server devices configured: to receive an indication of a change to a CI record of the plurality of CI record; add, to a change record table, a change record corresponding to the change to the CI record; select, for the service layer based on a change type specified in the change record, a service model re-computation mode; and re-compute a service layer in accordance with the service model re-computation mode.

Abstract: A network tap includes a first network connector, a second network connector, a third network connector for connecting to a monitoring device, a phase locked loop, and circuitry. The circuitry is configured to extract a clock signal from a first signal on an output of one of the first and second network connectors, provide the clock signal to the phase locked loop, receive a reference clock signal derived from the recovered clock signal from the phase locked loop and clock a second signal on the input of the other one of the first and second network connectors using the received reference clock signal if a link has been established between a first network device and the first network connector and a link has been established between a second network device and the second network connector.

Abstract: Various embodiments include computing devices and methods for testing a router device. A processor of the computing device may receive one or more Border Monitoring Protocol (BMP) messages collected from a production router. The processor may obtain header information from a header portion of the one or more BMP messages. The processor may modify an origination address in the header information to match an address of a first test network element. The processor may modify a next hop address in the header information to match an address of a second test network element. The processor may convert the one or more BMP messages including the modified header information to one or more Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) messages. The processor may send the one or more BGP messages to a router under test in the test network.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to technology for sending network management information in a network. A source edge node modifies data packets by encapsulating an operations, administration and maintenance (OAM) header in the data packets traversing a data path, and the OAM header includes a first indicator field. The source edge node also inserts a segment size field into the OAM header of the data packets based on an indication by the first indicator field, the segment size field indicating the data path is partitioned into segments based on a value of the segment size field.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving a feedback signal in a cellular mobile communication system is provided. The method of transmitting feedback in a Cooperative Multi-Point (CoMP) system, includes receiving feedback set information including allocation information of a Channel Status Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) transmitted for estimating a channel of a User Equipment (UE), receiving IDentification (ID) information for identifying a CoMP set including CSI-RS allocation information from a cell operating in a CoMP mode, extracting the CoMP set using the ID information and a feedback set, detecting a first feedback mode and first feedback timing with a first CSI-RS not included in the CoMP set among CSI-RSs included in the feedback set, and generating and transmitting feedback with respect to the first CSI-RS according to the detected first feedback mode and the first feedback timing.

Abstract: Embodiments related to predictive cloud-based presimulation are described herein. For example, one disclose embodiment provides, on a computing device, a method comprising receiving an input of state from a client device and executing a server simulation of a digital experience based on the input of state, the server simulation configured to run concurrently with, and ahead of, a client simulation on the client device. The method further comprises generating a plurality of simulation results from the server simulation, selecting one or more simulation results from the plurality of simulation results based on a likelihood the client simulation will utilize a particular simulation result, and sending the one or more simulation results to the client device.

Abstract: Disclosed are an information notification method and device. The information notification method includes that: an In-band Operation Administration and Maintenance (IOAM) node encapsulates IOAM capability information by using an extended Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)-Link State (LS) or encapsulates the IOAM capability information by using a Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), and sends a BGP-LS packet or a NETCONF message carrying the IOAM capability information to a predetermined node.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for transmitting or receiving, by a first manager apparatus, data for provision of a particular service in a mesh network of a wireless communication system.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method, comprising: transmitting a request frame, from a first wireless device to a second wireless device, the request frame indicating a at least one requested transmission window for receiving a wake-up frame via a wake-up radio, and receiving, by the first wireless device from the second wireless device, the wake-up frame via the wake-up radio during at least one allocated transmission window, wherein the at least one allocated transmission window is based on the at least one requested transmission window.

Abstract: A system for distributing virtual entity behavior profiling in cloud deployments is disclosed. In particular, the system may include conducting entity behavior profiling closer to where data and data logs are generated, such as at a hypervisor server, in a distributed fashion. By doing so, the system may reduce bandwidth consumption typically associated with transferring data to a central processing system, may be able to use more data collected closer to sources of data generation, and may provide faster reaction times because of the faster processing of data enabled by the system. Additionally, the system may assist with reducing false positives associated with malware detection and other compromises associated with entities by aggregating the results of distributed computations at different sites.

Abstract: A context-based action determination system includes: a first terminal device; a server device communicably connected with the first terminal device and configured to receive a service provision request from the first terminal device; and a second terminal device, different from the first terminal device, communicably connected with the server device and configured to transmit context information to the server device. The server device determines whether a service associated with the service provision request is providable to the first terminal device in response to the service provision request based on the context information received from the second terminal device, and the server device provides the service to the first terminal device when the server device determines that the service is providable.

Abstract: A Cloud federator may be used to allow seamless and transparent access by a Cloud Client to Cloud services. Federation may be provided on various terms, including as a subscription based real-time online service to Cloud Clients. The Cloud federator may automatically and transparently effect communication between the Cloud Client and Clouds and desired services of the Clouds, and automatically perform identity federation. A Service Abstraction Layer (SAL) may be implemented to simplify Client communication, and Clouds/Cloud services may elect to support the SAL to facilitate federation of their services.

Abstract: A dynamic module and a decision feedback equalizer are provided. The decision feedback equalizer includes two dynamic modules, which have symmetric circuits and connections. The dynamic module includes a first domino circuit, a second domino circuit, and a storage circuit. In response to a first previous decision bit and a second previous decision bit, a first multiplexer output and a second multiplexer output are generated. The dynamic module alternatively operates in an evaluation period and a precharge period, depending on a clock signal. In the evaluation period, the first and the second multiplexer outputs are updated by the first domino circuit and the second domino circuit. In the precharge period, the first and the second multiplexer outputs are held by the storage circuit.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for handling carrier aggregation (CA) involving component carriers (CCs) having different numerologies.

Abstract: A communication device determines an identifier of a wireless network with which the communication device is not associated. While the communication device is not associated with the wireless network, the communication device participates in a ranging procedure with an access point (AP) of the wireless network. The ranging procedure is for estimating a distance between the communication device and the AP based on measuring times of flight of transmissions between the communication device and the AP. Participating in the ranging procedure includes: the communication device transmitting a packet to the AP as part of the ranging procedure. The packet includes a PHY preamble, and the PHY preamble includes a signal field. The signal field includes a wireless network identifier subfield set to the identifier of the wireless network.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a method and an apparatus for calculating ranging information by a terminal in a wireless communication system. Specifically, disclosed are a method and an apparatus for calculating ranging information by a terminal, the method comprising the steps of: determining a resource region corresponding to geographic information of the terminal, on the basis of ranging resource information of a resource region set for each piece of geographic information, and transmitting a ranging signal for calculating ranging information in the determined resource region; receiving, from a road side unit (RSU) which has received the ranging signal, a response signal including information that is used as a basis for calculation of the ranging information; and calculating ranging information that is information on a distance to the RSU, on the basis of the response signal.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a plurality of transport blocks over a plurality of configured carriers. The WTRU may generate hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)-acknowledgment (ACK) feedback for the plurality of transport blocks, channel state information (CSI) feedback for at least one of the plurality of configured carriers, and a cyclic redundancy check (CRC). Further, the WTRU may generate a feedback message that includes a number of HARQ-ACK feedback bits for the HARQ-ACK feedback, a number of CSI feedback bits for the CSI feedback, and a number of CRC bits for the CRC. The WTRU may then determine a power to be used for a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) transmission based on the number of HARQ-ACK feedback bits, the number of CSI feedback bits, and the number of CRC bits. Moreover, the WTRU may transmit the feedback message in the PUCCH transmission at the determined power.

Abstract: A user terminal that includes a receiver that receives a synchronization signal in accordance with timing information provided from a network and a processor that controls a measurement of a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS). The CSI-RS corresponds to the received synchronization signal, and is based on information about a time-frequency resource configuration and a scrambling ID of the CSI-RS provided from the network.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for synchronization of sensing operations performed by a plurality of devices. The method may include collecting sensing capabilities of one or more connected devices that are communicably coupled with a central device. Each connected device may include one or more sensors, and the sensing capabilities may include at least sensor type and sensing interval for each sensor. The method may also include coordinating sensing operations performed by the central device and the one or more connected devices.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for establishing and controlling a mobile perimeter and for determining a geographic location of an RF emitting source at or within the mobile perimeter includes receiving from RF sensors in a network, processed RF emissions from the source collected at RF sensors. The RF emissions follow a wireless protocol and include frames encoding RF emitting source identification information. The method further includes extracting RF emitting source identification information from one or more of the frames, processing the source identification information to identify the RF emitting source, and classifying the RF emitting source by one or more of UAS type, UAS capabilities, and UAS model. The method also includes receiving from the RF sensors, a geographic location of each RF sensor and a time of arrival (TOA) of the RF emissions at the RF sensor; and executing a multilateration process to estimate a geographic location of the RF emitting source.

Abstract: A preamble of a physical layer (PHY) data unit that conforms to a first communication protocol is generated. The preamble includes a legacy field that is formatted according to a second communication protocol, and a signal field having a first orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol and a second OFDM symbol. The first OFDM symbol (i) immediately follows the legacy field and (ii) is modulated using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation, whereas a third communication protocol specifies that an OFDM symbol, defined by the third communication protocol, that immediately follows the legacy field is modulated using BPSK modulation rotated by 90 degrees (Q-BPSK). The second OFDM symbol (i) immediately follows the first OFDM symbol and (ii) is modulated using Q-BPSK to indicate to a receiver device that conforms to the first communication protocol that the data unit conforms to the first communication protocol.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods and apparatus for Uplink MIMO reference signals and data transmission schemes communications systems operating according to 5G technologies. For example, one or more techniques for enabling PRG selection and conveying that selection are provided. In some cases, precoder selection techniques may be provided. Further, in some cases, techniques may be provided to distinguish OFDM and DFT-s-OFDM by using different ports.

Abstract: In the communications system, according to reference load information and reference traffic information, a decision network element determines target traffic control information and sends the target traffic control information to an execution network element, where the target traffic control information indicates a processing policy of a request of a target service; and the execution network element executes, for the target service, the processing policy of the service request of the target service according to the target traffic control information.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods and non-transitory computer-readable mediums for dynamically presenting and updating a directed time graph displayed in a graphical user interface. In some examples, the method can include displaying a suggested path within a graphical user interface on a computer screen, the suggested path can include outstanding issues of elements of a network. The displaying the suggested path can include determining based on one or more factors an efficient ordering of the outstanding issues and ordering the outstanding issues based on the one or more factors. The method can also include monitoring, at regular intervals, updates to the one or more outstanding issues and automatically updating the suggested path, by a processor, based on the updates to the one or more outstanding issues.

Abstract: A device may receive information identifying existing virtual network functions (VNFs) associated with an existing virtual radio access network (VRAN), and may receive information identifying proposed VNFs to deploy with the existing VRAN, wherein the information identifying the proposed VNFs includes VNF descriptors indicating interface dependencies associated with the proposed VNFs. The device may generate testing configurations, for testing the proposed VNFs, based on the interface dependencies, and may determine that a set of the proposed VNFs are validated based on testing the proposed VNFs with the testing configurations. The device may derive dependency constraints for the set of the proposed VNFs based on the information identifying the existing VNFs, and may select a new VNF that satisfies the dependency constraints, based on the set of the proposed VNFs. The device may cause the new VNF to be deployed with the existing VRAN.

Abstract: Network site testing of other sites in a communication network environment may be performed with the assistance of all sites participating to identify and confirm failures. One example method of operation may include transmitting a test message from a test site to a network site, the test message solicits a feedback response from the network site, determining whether a feedback response message was received from the network site, and determining whether the network site is in an up state or a down state based on the feedback response message being received or not being received. Other sites and triangulation may be used to confirm a sub-network status.

Abstract: A network on a chip (NOC) peripheral interface (NPI) includes an NPI root, a plurality of switches coupled to the NPI root, and a plurality of NPI protocol blocks coupled to the plurality of switches. The NPI root, the plurality of switches, and the plurality of NPI protocol blocks are configured to route signals received from a master to a plurality of circuit blocks. A non-service command is routed to an intended circuit block of the plurality of circuit blocks. A switch of the plurality of switches or an NPI protocol block of the plurality of NPI protocol blocks generate a response message for a service command query with the destination address associated with the intended circuit block that is received from the master instead of routing the service command query to the intended circuit block.

Abstract: A memory-fabric-based processor context switching system includes server devices coupled to a memory fabric. A first processing system in a first server device receives a request to move a process it is executing and, in response, copies first processing system context values to its first local memory system in the first server device, and generates a first data mover instruction that causes a first data mover device in the first server device to transmit the first processing system context values from the first local memory system to the memory fabric. A second processing system in a second server device generates a second data mover instruction that causes a second data mover device in the second server device to retrieve the first processing system context values from the memory fabric and provide the first processing system context values in a second local memory system included in the second server device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for controlling building systems engineering on the basis of measured values detected by sensors. The system comprises a mobile device (3), at least one stationary sensor unit (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) and a data processing unit (16). The mobile device (3), the at least one sensor unit (14.1, 14.2, 14.3) and the data processing unit (16) are connected by at least one communications network. The system is distinguished in that the mobile device (3) has at least one sensor (5) for detecting a physical variable, and the data processing unit (16) generates a control signal for the building engineering system on the basis of a combination of information about the physically detected variable of the sensor of the mobile device (3) and of the stationary sensor unit (14.1, 14.2, 14.3).

Abstract: An automated highly efficient “design-test-optimize” recursive loop method for experimentally optimizing embedding networks of active RF networks especially subject to wideband modulated signals, whereby the results of a matching network design are fed into the active load pull system, which synthesizes the response of the specific network design iteration and tests the transistor in real time under the emulated load conditions of the network. The weighed difference between expected and test results are used in an error function and the “design-test” loop is repeated until the error is minimized. The capacity of passive and active modulated tuners and network analysis software tools are jointly used, sharing calculated and measured data. The result of the automated optimization procedure ends into a compromise, which, if acceptable, can be processed into manufacturing with realistically expectable results.

Abstract: A method and system for debugging and attending to a problem in a message queuing system in a computer network. Information from the message queuing system is periodically gathered. The information includes current message queuing configuration data, current message queuing usage values and current server usage values. A current message queuing system configuration is periodically analyzed by comparing the information with historical data. Suggestions of different configurations for the current message queuing system are prioritized based upon criticality levels of the suggested different configurations. The current message queuing system configuration is updated from a prioritized list of the suggested different configurations with a highest criticality level at a top of the list. The suggested configuration with the highest criticality level is applied.

Abstract: A traffic-monitoring system that monitors encrypted traffic exchanged between IP addresses used by devices and a network, and further receives the user-action details that are passed over the network. By correlating between the times at which the encrypted traffic is exchanged and the times at which the user-action details are received, the system associates the user-action details with the IP addresses. In particular, for each action specified in the user-action details, the system identifies one or more IP addresses that may be the source of the action. Based on the IP addresses, the system may identify one or more users who may have performed the action. The system may correlate between the respective action-times of the encrypted actions and the respective approximate action-times of the indicated actions. The system may hypothesize that the indicated action may correspond to one of the encrypted actions having these action-times.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method and device for reporting the quality of a mobile streaming service. A terminal device receiving a mobile streaming service through at least one communication network measures the quality of the streaming service, generates, on the basis of the measurement result, a mobile service quality indicator for monitoring QoS or QoE, and reports the generated mobile service quality indicator in real time through an MQI message, an NAM feedback message, or the like, thereby enabling network conditions to be effectively monitored even in a mobile streaming environment.

Abstract: A method for transmission and reception in parallel on dual channels includes, when detecting that a first channel is occupied by CSMA contention, determining, by an AP, first transmission duration of a first channel data packet; determining, by means of CCA detection, that a second channel is idle, where the second channel is used to transmit a second channel data packet whose transmission direction is opposite to a transmission direction of the first channel; determining, using the first transmission duration, second transmission duration for transmitting the second channel data packet, and transmitting the second channel data packet according to the second transmission duration, where an end time of transmission of the second channel data is not later than an end time of transmission of the first channel data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed. In an example from the perspective of a first device, the first device is configured with a second set of slot offsets by a network. The first device receives, from the network, a second Downlink Control Information (DCI) scheduling a sidelink resource. The first device performs sidelink transmission, to a second device, on the sidelink resource. The first device monitors and/or receives a sidelink hybrid automatic repeat request-acknowledgement (SL HARQ-ACK) feedback from the second device in a fourth slot. The SL HARQ-ACK feedback is associated with the sidelink transmission. The first device derives, based on the fourth slot and a second slot offset value indicated by the second DCI, a third slot for transmitting a SL HARQ-ACK to the network. The second set of slot offsets includes the second slot offset value. The SL HARQ-ACK is set/derived/determined based on the received SL HARQ-ACK feedback.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for signaling protocols for proximity service functions in a wireless communication system. A first wireless device may identify a wireless relay requirement associated with the first wireless device. A proximity service protocol may be initiated between the first wireless device and a second wireless device based at least in part on the identified wireless relay requirement. The proximity service protocol may be initiated prior to an initiation of a communication data exchange between the first wireless device and the second wireless device. A relay link may be established, via the ProSe protocol, between the first wireless device and the second wireless device based at least in part on the identified wireless relay requirement.

Abstract: A method for receiving downlink control information by a terminal in a wireless communication system may include receiving control channel element (CCE) configuration information from a base station; determining multiple control channel candidates, each of which has one or more CCEs, on the basis of the CCE configuration information; and blind-detecting downlink control information through the multiple control channel candidates, wherein: each of the one or more CCEs includes multiple resource element groups (REGs), and the number of data resource elements (REs) for carrying the downlink control information is independently determined for each REG; and the CCE configuration information indicates whether each CCE has a fixed number of REGs or a fixed number of data REs. The UE is capable of communicating with at least one of another UE, a UE related to an autonomous driving vehicle, a base station or a network.