Abstract: To enable full-duplex communication in a time division duplexing (TDD) band, a network node (e.g., a user equipment (UE)) may be configured to communicate in one or more flexible bandwidth parts (BWPs) using BWP-specific TDD patterns regardless of a TDD pattern configured for the underlying band. However, in some cases, half-duplex communication may offer better performance than full-duplex communication (e.g., when full-duplex communication may cause self-interference or there is a need for high throughput half-duplex communication). Accordingly, some aspects described herein relate to timing considerations and switching indications for indicating an interval in which the network node is to operate in the flexible BWP using the BWP-specific TDD pattern and switching between the BWP-specific TDD pattern and the TDD pattern of the underlying band (e.g., using switching indications based on a number or quantity of transmission time intervals and/or a timer, among other examples).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. Generally, the described techniques provide for identification of a slot format for a set of slots where at least one slot format of the set is an subband full-duplex slot (e.g., includes uplink and downlink resources separated in a frequency domain). The base station may transmit one or more semi-persistent scheduling configurations to a UE. The UE may identify semi-persistent scheduling occasions for receiving a downlink communication based at least in part on the SPS configurations matching the format of the slot, the periodicity of the slot formats of the set, or other considerations. The UE and the base station may communicate based at least in part on the determined semi-persistent scheduling occasions.

Abstract: A wireless device, such as a user equipment (UE), may receive first scheduling information with first resources for periodic transmissions with a first beam based on a half-duplex mode. The wireless device may receive second scheduling information for second resources associated with a second beam that is incompatible with the first beam for full duplex communication including downlink reception and uplink transmission that overlaps in time. The wireless device may adjust communication in response to the first beam being incompatible with the second beam for the full duplex communication.

Abstract: Current frame structures in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and New Radio (NR) are not designed to accommodate full duplex (FD) communication. Embodiments are disclosed in which frame structures are provided that support FD communication and frequency division duplex (FDD) communication and time division duplex (TDD) communication. In some embodiments, there is defined two separate and independent frame structures: a frame structure for reception (e.g. a downlink frame structure) and a frame structure for transmission (e.g. an uplink frame structure).

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communication are described. A first device may transmit an indication of a first set of signal strength metrics for signal strengths of transmit beams of a second device using receive beams of the first device and a second set of signal strength metrics for signal strengths of transmit beams of the first device using the receive beams of the first device. The first device may determine, for one or more signal strength metrics in the first set of signal strength metrics, the second set of signal strength metrics, or both, a change in the corresponding signal strength. The first device may transmit, based at least in part on the determining, an indication of the change in the corresponding signal strength for each of the one or more signal strength metrics.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may receive a configuration for a set of transmission time intervals (TTIs) including at least one TTI to be used for full-duplex communications. The UE may receive control signaling that indicates a frequency domain resource allocation (FDRA) for a physical uplink channel transmission in a first TTI. The UE may determine whether a second TTI is available for transmitting one or more repetitions of the physical uplink channel transmission based on comparing the FDRA to resources allocated to the second TTI. For example, the second TTI may be available if one or more physical resource blocks (PRBs) of the FDRA are non-overlapping in a frequency domain with downlink resources allocated to the second TTI. The UE may transmit the one or more repetitions in the second TTI based on the second TTI being available.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless communication device may receive a configuration for periodic communications, wherein the configuration indicates a periodicity for the periodic communications. The wireless communication device may receive an indication of whether the periodicity applies to at least one of full duplex resources or half duplex resources. The wireless communication device may communicate based at least in part on the configuration for periodic communications, the periodicity, and the indication. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a relay user equipment (UE) may transmit full-duplex (FD) information associated with the relay UE, wherein the FD information indicates at least one of: a capability of the relay UE relating to FD communication, a first indication of whether the relay UE can perform FD relaying based at least in part on a condition at the relay UE, or a second indication of whether the relay UE can perform FD relaying associated with one or more beams. The UE may communicate based at least in part on the FD information. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple access schemes for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with full-duplex radios. For example, an access point (AP), in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) from a first station (STA), may transmit a full-duplex clear to send (FD CTS) to the first STA and a full-duplex request to send (FD RTS) to a second STA. In response to transmitting the FD RTS to the second STA, the AP may receive a clear to send (CTS) from the second STA. The AP may transmit, to both the first STA and the second STA, a FD trigger frame that includes scheduling information to enables FD communication with the first STA for uplink (UL) data and the second STA for downlink (DL) data at a same time. The scheduling information may include timing information and channel information for the FD communication.

Abstract: A communication device according to the present invention is a communication device that wirelessly communicates with a counterpart communication device in a full-duplex mode using orbital angular momentum, and includes a second interference cancellation circuit that generates a replica of an interference signal received together with one or more signals transmitted from the counterpart communication device, on the basis of one or more signals to be transmitted to the counterpart communication device, and subtracts the replica from a received signal.

Abstract: An access node may monitor for uplink and downlink resource release indications signaled by a parent access node and a child access node prior to scheduling a released resource. In some cases (e.g., when the child node is capable of half-duplex communications), the parent access node may determine to release a resource, and the child access node may determine to release a hard resource (e.g., a child node controlled resource). Receiving uplink and downlink resource release indications may enable the access node to schedule communication with the child node via a soft resource (e.g., a parent node controlled resource). Other aspects of the described techniques are directed to feedback support for a slot format indicator (SFI). The feedback from the access node may accept or reject the SFI based on an impact the SFI has on scheduling via a child link established with a child node of the access node.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide techniques for configuring timing advances for uplink communications resources. A method for wireless communications by a user equipment includes receiving, from a base station, signaling that configures a first timing advance and a second timing advance. The first timing advance is configured to be used by the user equipment when transmitting an uplink communication in a half-duplex resource, and the second timing advance is configured to be used by the user equipment when transmitting an uplink communication in a full-duplex resource. The method may further include transmitting, to the base station, a first uplink communication within a first resource using one of the first timing advance or the second timing advance based on whether the first resource comprises a half-duplex resource or a full duplex resource.

Abstract: A UE may receive, from a base station, a first signal of first configuration parameters for an FD mode and second configuration parameters for an HD mode, the first configuration parameters and the second configuration parameters being associated with at least one of SPS occasions or CG occasions. The base station and the UE may communicate with each other via at least one of the SPS occasions or the CG occasions. The first signal may be transmitted via at least one of RRC signaling or DCI. The base station may transmit an indication to apply the first configuration parameters or the second configuration parameters or may transmit a second signal to update the configuration parameters for the FD mode or the HD mode.

Abstract: A radio frequency circuit includes: a plurality of input terminals including a first input terminal through which a first Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) transmission signal is received and a second input terminal through which a 5th Generation New Radio (5G NR) transmission signal is received; a power amplifier; a first switch connected to an input side of the power amplifier and switches a connection of the power amplifier between the plurality of input terminals; and a variable phase circuit connected to an output side of the power amplifier and changes the impedance matching between the power amplifier and the load in accordance with a connection status of the first switch.

Abstract: Aspects described herein relate to receiving, from a base station on a first subband of an unlicensed frequency band, control information that includes a resource allocation of an uplink transmission associated with the first UE and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) configuration of a downlink transmission associated with a second UE. The apparatus also may obtain one or more measurements of a DMRS within channel activity on a second subband of the unlicensed frequency band using a listen-before-talk (LBT) operation based on the DMRS configuration. The apparatus also may determine whether the channel activity corresponds to the downlink transmission associated with the second UE based on the one or more measurements of the DMRS within the channel activity. The apparatus also may communicate, with the base station on the second subband, the uplink transmission when the channel activity corresponds to the downlink transmission associated with the second UE.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a T/R switch. The T/R switch includes a double sided microstripline based hybrid couplers with a top side and a bottom side each including two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers. Each of the two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers includes an inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and an outer microstripline based hybrid coupler. The inner microstripline based hybrid coupler forms an inner loop of the two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler forms an outer loop. In a transmission mode, the inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler at the top side of the dual-tuned T/R switch are activated. In a receiving mode the inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler at the top side and at the bottom side of the dual-tuned T/R switch are activated.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to providing system information for cell access to link budget limited devices. According to some embodiments, a base station may transmit a master information block (MIB), a first system information block (SIB), and second SIBs. The first SIB and the second SIBs may be configured for different device categories, and may accordingly have different characteristics. For example, the first SIB may be configured for link budget limited devices, and may include information specific to such devices and/or may exclude information not relevant to such devices or not critical to accessing the cell. In some instances, the first SIB may also include information from the MIB, such that at least some devices may be able to decode the first SIB and gain cell access without decoding the MIB.

Abstract: A method, in abase station of a wireless telecommunications system comprising multiple radiating elements, the method comprising modifying a number of uplink or downlink information streams, each information stream corresponding to an element in a space sampling basis for the system, wherein, in the downlink, the space sampling basis is configured so that the number of information streams is the same as the number of radiating elements of the system, and in the uplink, the space sampling basis is configured using a composite antenna derived from multiple radiating elements of the system to form a synthesised beam.

Abstract: Generally, the described techniques provide for duplex mode configuration for control information (e.g., duplex mode configuration for communication of downlink control information). For example, duplex modes may be defined (e.g., as full duplex (FD) capable, FD only, half duplex (HD) only, etc.), and such duplex modes may be configured for control resource sets (CORESETs), search space (SS) sets, or both. In some examples, duplex modes configured for a CORESET/SS set may depend on the priority of information conveyed via the CORESET/SS set. For example, a CORESET/SS set for high priority or critical control information may be configured with a HD mode to avoid FD self-interference, while CORESET/SS set for other control information may be configured with a FD mode to improve spectrum efficiency. Techniques for resolving conflicting duplex mode configurations (e.g., when a HD mode is configured for a SS set within a CORESET configured with FD) are also described.

Abstract: One disclosure of the present application provides a method for a narrowband (NB) wireless device to determine whether or not to transmit a scheduling request (SR). The method may comprise a step of determining whether or not to transmit an SR by using a resource for the transmission of a hybrid automatic retransmit request (HARQ) acknowledgement/negative acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) signal. The step of determination may be performed if one or more HARQ processes are run. The resource for the HARQ ACK/NACK signal may include a narrowband physical uplink shared channel (NPUSCH).

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, from a base station, control information that indicates at least two transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states. A first TCI state of the at least two TCI states is associated with a half duplex mode of the UE, and a second TCI state of the at least two TCI states is associated with a full duplex mode of the UE. The UE may further receive, from the base station, a downlink transmission according to at least one of the first TCI state or the second TCI state. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may determine a set of recommended base station transmit beams for full duplex operation based at least in part on measurements of a set of base station transmit beams and measurements of self-interference associated with the set of base station transmit beams. The UE may transmit a report that indicates a recommendation to use one or more of the set of recommended base station transmit beams for full duplex operation. Numerous other aspects are described.

Abstract: Full-duplex communications are provided by modifying the Media Access Control sub-layer of communication node protocols. The modification allows communication nodes to communicate with one another in full-duplex, where each node transmits and receives data simultaneously with other nodes in a single frequency. A timing of the simultaneous data transmissions, acknowledgments, and short-interframe-space waiting periods can be determined based on network-allocation-vector data transmitted in association with request-to-send or clear-to-send signals.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a user equipment (UE) may receive, in a full duplex transmission mode, a measurement trigger indicating a set of candidate base station beam pairs, wherein a candidate base station beam pair comprises a base station uplink (UL) beam and a base station downlink (DL) beam, wherein the corresponding identified UE beam pair comprises a UE UL beam and a UE DL beam, wherein the set of candidate base station beam pairs are identified based at least in part on a base station self-interference measurement; and transmit, to the base station, a beam measurement report based at least in part on a plurality of beam measurements obtained based at least in part on the measurement trigger. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: A method at a network node that is configured to simultaneously transmit and receive wireless RF signals, comprising: transmitting, from the network node, a downlink message, the downlink message having a preamble that includes channel estimation information for estimating a self-interference channel; monitoring at the network node, during an initial duration while transmitting the downlink message, for the channel estimation information, and estimating a self-interference channel based on received portions of the channel estimation information; and using the estimated self-interference channel to cancel self-interference while receiving an uplink message and simultaneously transmitting a remainder of the downlink message.

Abstract: Various aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication. In some aspects, a wireless node may receive, from a control node, information identifying a slot configuration pattern for a wireless communication link between the wireless node and another wireless node. For example, the information identifying the slot configuration pattern may indicate one or more symbols that are configured to support full-duplex communication. The wireless node may communicate with the other wireless node in the one or more symbols configured to support full-duplex communication in accordance with the slot configuration pattern. Numerous other aspects are provided.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A frequency band configuration for a full-duplex slot may be indicated, where a frequency band configuration may include one or more downlink frequency bands and one or more uplink frequency bands. In some cases, a frequency band configuration may also include one or more guard bands. A user equipment (UE) may determine the frequency band configuration for a full-duplex slot based on a frequency configuration indication, which may include an index for a table of frequency band configurations, one or more bitmaps, or respective start and length indications for each frequency band. A frequency band configuration may apply to one slot or to multiple slots.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a T/R switch. The T/R switch includes a double sided microstripline based hybrid couplers with a top side and a bottom side each including two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers. Each of the two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers includes an inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and an outer microstripline based hybrid coupler. The inner microstripline based hybrid coupler forms an inner loop of the two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler forms an outer loop. In a transmission mode, the inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler at the top side of the dual-tuned T/R switch are activated. In a receiving mode the inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler at the top side and at the bottom side of the dual-tuned T/R switch are activated.

Abstract: A switch module switches among a first state where first and second frequency bands are used in parallel, a second state where only the first frequency band is used, and a third state where none of the first and second frequency bands is used, and includes first, second, and third filters and an antenna switch. In the first state, a common terminal and the first and second filters are connected and the common terminal and the third filter are not connected. In the second state, the common terminal and the first and third filters are connected, and the common terminal and the second filter are not connected.

Abstract: A device and method for nondestructively inspecting, measuring, and/or detecting metallic. The device may enable multiple synthetic apertures for measurements simultaneously. The device includes a transmitter coil array and a receiver coil array wound around a core. The receiver coil array includes multiple receiver coil sections built with gaps in between adjacent sections to form multiple associated apertures. An analog electrical network is coupled to the multiple receiver coil sections to enable multiple combined synthetic apertures to be operated together for the transducer to conduct measurements simultaneously to provide multiple outputs associated to the multiple synthetic apertures. Measurement signals can be combined to build a processed signal that can represent more accurate information from the target.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for interference discovery for full-duplex data transmission are provided. In an embodiment, a station (STA) receives a full-duplex request message from an access point (AP). The STA transmits a first full-duplex response message to the AP. The STA listens for a second full-duplex response message transmitted from a second STA to the AP. The STA determines a received power of the second full-duplex response message from the second STA to the AP. The STA receives a first trigger message from the AP. The first trigger message includes information to perform full-duplex data transmission. The STA transmits data to the AP in response to the first trigger message. The STA transmits interference information to the AP. The interference information is based on the determined received power.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance imaging apparatus includes a T/R switch. The T/R switch includes a double sided microstripline based hybrid couplers with a top side and a bottom side each including two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers. Each of the two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers includes an inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and an outer microstripline based hybrid coupler. The inner microstripline based hybrid coupler forms an inner loop of the two concentric microstripline based hybrid couplers and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler forms an outer loop. In a transmission mode, the inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler at the top side of the dual-tuned T/R switch are activated. In a receiving mode the inner microstripline based hybrid coupler and the outer microstripline based hybrid coupler at the top side and at the bottom side of the dual-tuned T/R switch are activated.

Abstract: A signal sending method, a signal receiving method, and a device are disclosed. The signal sending method includes: determining, by a network device, an SSB and indication information, where the indication information is used to indicate that a frequency location of the SSB is one of frequencies in a frequency set, and the frequency set includes a first frequency and a second frequency, or includes a first frequency, a second frequency, and a third frequency; and sending, by the network device, the SSB and the indication information to a terminal device.

Abstract: A full-duplex communication method in a target wake time (TWT) service period of a high-efficiency wireless local area network (WLAN) is performed by a TWT responding station, and includes transmitting TWT schedule information to at least one TWT requesting station; transmitting information regarding a resource unit (RU) to the at least one TWT requesting station through a reference frame in a TWT service period (SP); receiving an uplink frame from the TWT requesting station in a time period determined on the basis of the reference frame through the RU; and transmitting a downlink frame to the TWT requesting station in a specific time duration of the time period. The uplink frame and the downlink frame are transmitted through the same channel.

Abstract: A terminal apparatus includes a receiver configured to receive a physical downlink shared channel and a transmitter configured to multiplex first channel state information having a higher priority than second channel state information with the second channel state information and an HARQ-ACK and to transmit the first channel state information, the second channel state information and the HARQ-ACK multiplexed, by using a physical uplink control channel resource.

Abstract: The present specification suggests a method for transmitting an uplink channel in a wireless communication system and a device supporting same. More particularly, a method for transmitting, by a terminal, a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) in a wireless communication system, comprises the steps of: receiving a physical uplink shared channel (PDSCH) from a base station; and transmitting, to the base station, the PUCCH including hybrid automatic retransmit request (HARQ)-acknowledgment (ACK) information for the PDSCH, wherein the PDSCH includes a first PDSCH and a second PDSCH, and the transmission power of the PUCCH is determined on the basis of a priority between the first PDSCH and the second PDSCH and/or a bit configuration of the HARQ-ACK information.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for sidelink of a wireless communication system are proposed. The present disclosure proposes an example in which a TX UE or a RX UE sets a length of an ACK/NACK signal adaptively. The TX UE may set the length of the ACK/NACK signal based on various elements such as priority, length, and service coverage of sidelink data, and the RX UE may set the length of the ACK/NACK signal based on various elements obtained from a process for receiving the sidelink data.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for a New Radio (NR) access technology base station transmitting a signal in a wireless communication system. Specifically, the method comprises the steps of: checking a configuration associated with a subframe assigned to a Long Term Evolution (LTE) band; according to the checked configuration, determining a resource region in which a NR downlink signal may be assigned in the LTE band in a specific subframe shared for NR communication; and transmitting a control resource set (CORSET) via the resource region. The NR UE is capable of communicating with at least one of another UE, a UE related to an autonomous driving vehicle, a base station or a network.

Abstract: A device on a wireless network generates duration data for determining a duration of a time interval. A transmission is then instructed, by the device, to transmit the duration data and a downlink payload including an aggregated Media Access Control (MAC) layer data unit, the downlink payload being transmitted on first subcarriers. The transmission also includes a trigger that configures the at least one other device on the network to transmit an uplink payload within the time interval, and during at least part of the transmission of the downlink payload, on second subcarriers that are at different frequencies to the first subcarriers.

Abstract: Integrate access and backhaul (IAB) nodes can multiplex access and backhaul links in time, frequency, or space, which includes the transmission of signals and/or channels utilized as part of initial access and measurements used for radio resource management (RRM). The same physical layer signals and channels used for these purposes by access a user equipment device can be reused for performing similar procedures at the IAB node. Consequently, the IAB node can leverage various muting patterns to employ the use of half-duplex and full-duplex synchronization signal block radio resource management such that mobile terminal functionality and distributed unit functionality of the IAB node can receive and transmit signals simultaneously.

Abstract: A quadrature fed four-port radiating element is fed by an active quadrature combiner feed network. The active quadrature four-port combiner is ultra-wide band and includes RF signal amplification. The resulting feeder exhibits a size reduction over existing passive balanced/unbalanced technology on the order of five thousand to one. Such antennas may be incorporated into radio frequency integrated circuit transmit/receive modules. Such antennas may also be integrated with front end low noise amplifiers. Such feeder network enables practical implementation of two-port feeders compatible with AESA array lattice restrictions.

Abstract: In a communication device and corresponding methods, a hierarchical, reduced power, beam search process includes a hierarchical activation of the radio frequency frontend (RFFE), transceiver, and baseband integrated circuit (BBIC) for a beam searching operations. For example, a first signal metric measurements can be performed to determine signal information. An operating mode can be determined based on the signal information. In a first operating mode, one or more second signal metric measurements can be performed for a subset of beamforming configurations of the wireless communication device to determine beamforming information. In a second operating mode, one or more third signal metric measurements can be performed on the beamforming configurations to determine the beamforming information.

Abstract: Examples described herein include examples of wireless communication devices, systems, and methods which may employ multicarrier frequency division duplexing (multicarrier-FDD) techniques. Such techniques may enhance capacity and/or latency of example beamforming and MIMO systems. In some examples, the techniques described herein may be particularly advantageous in fast changing channels. Example channel duplexing techniques and methods described herein may achieve more efficient handling of fast fading channels by space-time adaptive (STAP) and/or adaptive array systems.

Abstract: Methods and systems for reducing phase noise in a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) are described. In an example, a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, and a fourth transistor, can be provided. A transformer can be used to decouple drain terminals and gate terminals of the first, second, third, and fourth transistors. An oscillation amplitude of the VCO can be increased by providing a first bias voltage to the transformer to adjust gate bias voltages of the first and second transistors. The oscillation amplitude of the VCO can also be increased by providing a second bias voltage to the transformer to adjust gate bias voltages of the third and the fourth transistors.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application describe a power control method and a device, and relate to the field of communications technologies. A network device operating in a full-duplex mode can correctly receive data during data sending. The method may include receiving, by user equipment (UE), power control parameter information of an uplink transmit power from a network device, where the power control parameter information includes first power control parameter information and second power control parameter information, the first power control parameter information is used to calculate an uplink transmit power for data transmission on a non-full-duplex resource, and the second power control parameter information includes a parameter for calculating an uplink transmit power for data transmission on a full-duplex resource.

Abstract: A first filter of a multiplexer has a ladder filter structure defined by acoustic wave resonators. An imaginary line obtained by connecting second ends of electrode fingers included in one comb-shaped electrode among a pair of comb-shaped electrodes of each resonator intersects a reference line that is a straight line extending in an acoustic wave propagation direction. When an angle defined by the reference line and the imaginary line of a first series resonator is represented by a first slant angle, an angle defined by the reference line and the imaginary line of a parallel resonator is represented by a second slant angle, and an angle defined by the reference line and the imaginary line of acoustic wave resonators is represented by a third slant angle, at least one of the first slant angle and the second slant angle is smaller than the third slant angle.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for transmitting and receiving PPDU on the basis of FDR in a wireless LAN system are presented. Specifically, an AP generates FDR indication information that FDR can be performed. The AP transmits a DL PPDU including the FDR indication information to a first STA. The AP receives a UL PPDU from the first STA. The DL PPDU includes a legacy signal field, a first signal field, a second signal field, a third signal field, and a DL data field. The second signal field includes information on an RU placement in the entire frequency band and allocation information for a first RU to which the DL data field is allocated. The third signal field includes allocation information for a second RU to which the UL PPDU is allocated on the basis of the information on the RU placement. The allocation information for the second RU includes a bitmap of whether the UL PPDU is allocated in units of 26 RUs.

Abstract: An index calculator calculates, for a terminal device, an easiness-of-communication index indicating a degree to which a user using the terminal device recognizes communication, by using information related to the terminal device. A communication circuit receives communication request data of a first communication mode or a second communication mode from a first terminal device originating a call, the communication request data designating a second terminal device as a destination of the call. The communication circuit transmits, when the communication request data of the second communication mode is received and the easiness-of-communication index of the second terminal device meets a predetermined condition, communication request data of the first communication mode to the second terminal device.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for performing direct communication with at least one other user equipment are provided. The method and apparatus comprises upon generation of an event requiring the direct communication, transmitting a floor request, monitoring whether a response to the floor request is received from at least one adjacent UE, if a response to the floor request is not received until the floor request is transmitted a predetermined number of times at a predetermined interval, determining that a transmission right for the direct communication is granted, and if it is determined that the transmission right is granted, transmitting a signal to the at least one other UE by the direct communication.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a flight deck multifunction control display unit are disclosed. In various embodiments, the systems may comprise a flight management system or other MCDU driven devices, a command database that stores a plurality of voice commands and a plurality of multifunction control display unit commands. In various embodiments, each voice command is associated with one of the plurality of multifunction control display unit commands. The systems may further comprise a pilot voice interface configured to receive a voice command from a pilot and transmit the voice command to the multifunction control display unit. The multifunction control display unit can receive the voice command from the pilot voice interface and, in response, access the command database to identify a multifunction control display unit command in the command database that is associated with the voice command.