Abstract: There is disclosed apparatus and methods of multicasting in a shared address space. A shared memory address space may include two or more multicast portions. Each multicast portion may be associated with a respective end point and with at least one other multicast portion. Data units may be transmitted to at least some of the end points via memory-mapped I/O into the shared memory address space. When a destination address of a data unit is in a first multicast portion associated with a first end point, the data unit may be transmitted to the first end point, revised to specify a destination address in a second multicast portion associated with the first multicast portion, and transmitted to a second end point associated with the second multicast portion.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and a device for ONU overall rate limiting. The method includes: receiving a multicast program sent by a multicast program server; making N+M copies of the multicast program; sending N copies of the multicast program to N passive optical network PON ports that request the multicast program on demand; and sending M copies of the multicast program to M ONU rate limiting units corresponding to M ONUs that request the multicast program on demand, discarding the M copies of the multicast program. In the method, after the rate limiting is performed on the multicast program, the multicast program is discarded, so that real-time rate limiting is performed on each ONU without affecting bandwidth of a PON.

Abstract: A virtual communication protocol built in a physical communication protocol for solving the problem of conventional IoT devices of different physical communication protocols that fail to communicate with each other by building a virtual communication protocol in present existing physical communication protocols and at a position equivalent to the seventh layer (application layer) of the OSI model. With this virtual communication protocol, any one of the IoT devices is capable of transmitting an IoT command to an IoT console, and then the IoT console transfers the IoT command to a target IoT device, so that the two IoT devices of different physical communication protocols can communicate with each other and achieve the effect of transmitting control commands with each other.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a controller includes a processor and logic integrated with and/or executable by the processor, the logic being configured to receive a query from a network device for instruction regarding where to send network traffic, the query including a first cookie, determine whether the first cookie is legitimate, and send a message to the network device, the message including either: the first cookie in response to a determination that the first cookie is legitimate or a second cookie which indicates a second next hop device determined by the controller in response to a determination that the first cookie is not legitimate. Other systems, methods, and computer program products are described in more embodiments.

Abstract: A system for maintaining and hosting an AMI command and control application is disclosed. The system includes an AMI command and control application module in a network compartment for measuring energy usage from customer meters, managing an AMI network, and executing connect/disconnect orders; and a plurality of firewalls to provide a security perimeter to the AMI command and control application module when the module is accessed by a vendor network or a utility network. The AMI command and control application module includes a VPN concentrator and a 6in4 router to provide a security perimeter between the AMI command and control application module and the AMI network.

Abstract: A service gateway processes a service request received from a host based on a dynamic service response time of a server. In an exemplary embodiment, the service gateway relays a service request to a server over a service session between the service gateway and the server; receives a service response from the server; calculates a dynamic service processing time for the service request from a service request time and a service response time; compares the dynamic service processing time with an expected service processing time; updates a server busy indicator for the server in response to the comparing, where the server busy indicator is maintained at the service gateway; and processes future service requests in accordance with the server busy indicator at the service gateway.

Abstract: At least one embodiment takes the form of a process carried out by a given mobile radio in a group of mobile radios. The process includes broadcasting heartbeat messages in accordance with a group-wide symmetric-timing protocol and maintaining an in-range list of mobile radios. The in-range list is maintained at least in part by (i) adding mobile radios that are not already on the in-range list to the in-range list upon detecting transmissions from such mobile radios; (ii) maintaining, for each mobile radio on the in-range list, a respective keepalive timer in accordance with the group-wide symmetric-timing protocol; and (iii) removing mobile radios from the in-range list upon expiration of the respective keepalive timers. The process further includes presenting an alert via a user interface when a count of mobile radios on the in-range list falls below a notification threshold.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, apparatus and software for debugging auto-attach entities is presented. A Continuity Fault Management (CFM) request for a service is received over a network at an Auto-Attach (AA) server. The AA server responds with a first response regarding the AA server on the service. The AA server also responds to the CFM request with a second response regarding any AA clients and any AA proxies on the service.

Abstract: Provided is a method of transmitting and receiving data using a persistent allocation scheme in order to effectively support a voice service between a base station and a mobile terminal in a packet based mobile communication system. When an error occurs in transmitting control information that indicates whether to use a radio resource using the persistent allocation scheme, the base station may retransmit the control information and thereby maintain a communication quality.

Abstract: A method is described in a network element for supporting flexible lookup keys in a software-defined network. The method includes receiving a packet to be forwarded and determining a next hop for the packet, which includes parsing the packet to identify a superkey comprising a plurality of header field values of the packet; identifying a superkey mask value and a superkey offset value for a first lookup table of a set of one or more lookup tables; generating a table key for the first lookup table based upon the superkey mask value, the superkey offset value, and the superkey; and performing a lookup in the first lookup table using the table key. The lookup identifies an entry of the first lookup table indicating the next hop for the packet. The packet may then be forwarded to the next hop.

Abstract: A network node communicates data of a first push-to-talk (PTT) group using a first multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) bearer, and data of a second PTT group using a second MBMS bearer. Responsive to a regrouping of the first PTT group and the second PTT group to form a regrouped PTT group, the network node communicates data of the regrouped PTT group using at least one of the first and second MBMS bearers.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing multiple connections or interfaces at the same time may be disclosed herein. For example, in an embodiment, a first RRC connection may be established between a wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) or user equipment (UE) and network node such as an eNB and a second RRC connection may be established between the WTRU or UE and the network node such as the eNB or another network node such as another eNB. The first RRC connection and the second RRC connections may then be maintained in parallel (e.g. at the same time).

Abstract: One or more processors receive a notification of a failure of a first delivery device of a plurality of delivery devices of an OpenFlow network, to deliver a data packet. One or more processors determine the flows of flow tables belonging to delivery devices that are affected as a result of the failure of the first delivery device. The flows are determined by accessing an index of flow mappings maintained in cache storage in which at least one of the affected flows includes a pattern of information fields and actions that match a pattern of information fields and actions of the data packet, and one or more processors send instructions to the delivery devices of the network to perform an asynchronous activity on respective flow tables of the delivery devices that include the flows affected as a result of the failure of the first delivery device.

Abstract: A network component comprising a generalized multiprotocol label switching (GMPLS) control plane controller configured to implement a method comprising transmitting a message to at least one adjacent control plane controller, wherein the message comprises a Type-Length-Value (TLV) indicating Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) information, wherein the TLV comprises a Node Attribute TLV, a Link Set TLV, or both, and wherein the TLV further comprises at least one sub-TLV indicating additional RWA information. A method comprising communicating an open shortest path first (OSPF) link state advertisement (LSA) message comprising a TLV with at least one sub-TLV to a GMPLS control plane controller, wherein the TLV comprises a Node Attribute TLV, a Link Set TLV, or both, and wherein the TLV further comprises at least one sub-TLV indicating RWA information.

Abstract: A system and method for effectuating channel changes in a multicast adaptive bitrate (MABR) streaming network using temporarily borrowed bandwidth from a shared progressive download ABR bandwidth pipe for downloading a requested channel's data in a recovery segment by issuing an HTTP request. A video management agent is configured to stitch the recovery segment's data with the regular channel stream during the channel change to generate a hybrid stream, which is multicast streamed toward the requesting device. Once the data from the regular channel stream is properly joined, recovery segment downloading ceases and the bandwidth consumed for sending recovery data is released back to the progressive download ABR pipe.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to systems and methods for updating a System on Chip (SOC) image without using direct memory access (DMA) programming. A target SOC monitors a target mailbox to determine reception of a data packet of an SOC image received from a host computer, wherein the SOC image includes a plurality of data packets. The target SOC reads the data packet from a buffer of the target SOC and writes a status message to a host mailbox of the target SOC, wherein the status message is indicative of a reception status of the data packet.

Abstract: A virtualization instance (VI) uses a first virtual device that is a virtual form of non-virtualizing devices or a second virtual device that is a virtual form of self-virtualizing device to meet Quality of Service (QoS) objectives. A method for managing resources comprises receiving first QoS metrics, determining QoS objectives are unmet, determining that a first substitute virtual device comprising a virtual form of self-virtualizing device is available and can meet QoS objectives, configuring the VI to use the first substitute virtual device in place of the first virtual device, receiving second QoS metrics, determining QoS objectives are exceeded, determining that a second substitute virtual device comprising a virtual form of the non-virtualizing device is available and can meet QoS objectives, and configuring the VI to use the second substitute virtual device in place of the second virtual device. A computer programming product and a system can embody the method.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for switching antennas in devices that have multiple antennas for communicating via aggregation of multiple carriers.

Abstract: An access node cooperates with a primary modem-router in a packet switched network. The access node comprises communication hardware configured to enable communication through the network by sending and receiving data packets, and encapsulates the data packets in a tunneling data protocol for sending the data packets to the primary modem-router using a data communication tunnel through a further modem-router. The communication hardware is also configured to retrieve, from the tunneling data protocol, data packets received from the primary modem-router.

Abstract: A method for sending a multicast packet and a switch. A first switch receives a multicast packet from a first customer edge or a second customer edge, where the first customer edge is connected to the first switch in a single-homed manner, and the second customer edge is connected, in an all-active manner, to N switches that include the first switch; the first switch determines a specified multicast tree of the first switch; the first switch encapsulate the multicast packet, where a destination switch unique identification address in a header of the encapsulated multicast packet is a unique identification address of a root of the specified multicast tree of the first switch; and the first switch forwards the encapsulated multicast packet to a network side using the specified multicast tree of the first switch.

Abstract: A high speed apparatus and method for processing a plurality of financial market data messages are disclosed. With respect to an exemplary embodiment, a reconfigurable logic device is employed to map the symbols present in the financial market data messages to another symbology.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an electronic device and a method for processing messages. The electronic device includes a display unit, a communication unit configured to receive a message from an external device, a storage unit storing a message source list and an unregistered message box, and a control unit configured to determine whether source information of the received message is registered in the message source list, if the source information is not registered in the message source list, store the message in the unregistered message box, and if the source information is registered in the message source list, display by the display unit at least a part of the received message.

Abstract: Methods and systems for port reachability are provided. The process obtains an identifier for ports of a broadcast domain to access storage space at a clustered storage system; sends a discovery request to the ports of the broadcast domain; receives a response to the discovery request from some or all the ports; places ports that responded to the discovery request to a first group that indicates that all ports within the group are reachable; and reports ports within the first group to a user to indicate which ports within the broadcast domain are reachable.

Abstract: The network control system of some embodiments implements logical port classifications to implement different features of logical networks onto a physical network. The network control system of some embodiments modifies flow entries at forwarding elements of the physical network to implement the logical network. The network control system classifies logical source and destination ports into disjoint equivalence classes for logical network flows in a virtualized network, and encodes this information in the tunneled traffic carrying the logical flow. The network control system of some such embodiments provides logical port classifications to minimize the necessary flow entries at each forwarding element of the physical network.

Abstract: A system and/or method for facilitating wireless communication in an area where it is difficult to transmit and receive signals may use a preexisting wired emergency communication infrastructure to transmit signals between elements of a radio repeater system. Optionally, the system may include synchronization of retransmissions. Analogue and/or digital signals and/or data may optionally be transferred over the preexisting network. Data and/or signals may optionally include audio and/or video signals, digital data, telemetry data, and/or synchronization data. The system may optionally include multiple wireless receivers and/or a voter to select a version of a signal from at least one of the receivers. A network for concurrent repeating of a direct mode simplex wireless signal may optionally include multiple receivers and/or a voter. The simplex network may optionally include a coloring circuit. The power of retransmission and/or the insulation between a receiver and a transmitter may optionally be adjusted.

Abstract: The disclosure herein describes a virtual extensible local area network (VXLAN) gateway. During operation, the VXLAN gateway receives, from a physical host, an Ethernet packet destined for a virtual machine residing in a remote layer-2 network broadcast domain that is different from a local layer-2 network broadcast domain where the physical host resides. The VXLAN gateway then determines a VXLAN identifier for the received Ethernet packet. The VXLAN gateway further encapsulates the Ethernet packet with the virtual extensible local area network identifier and an Internet Protocol (IP) header, and forwards the encapsulated packet to an IP network, thereby allowing the packet to be transported to the virtual machine via the IP network and allowing the remote layer-2 network broadcast domain and the local layer-2 network broadcast domain to be part of a common layer-2 broadcast domain.

Abstract: Technology to generation of linear feedback shift register based PRN spreading code sequence using a processor device in a computing system is disclosed. A system is provided for generating a GNSS code sequence in a computer system, the system comprising one or more logic circuits configured to at least: receive a plurality of waveform generation parameters; select between a short pseudo-random noise (PRN) cycle and a long PRN cycle according to at least one of the plurality of waveform generation parameters; and emulate a plurality of linear feedback shift registers (LFSR) for generating a block of PRN code chips.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device in a network sets a timer interval based in part on a distance between the device and a backbone of the network. The device receives a unicast communication destined for a remote destination that was sent via broadcast. The device determines a count of receipt acknowledgements of the communication sent by other devices in the network. At the end of the timer interval, the device sends a receipt acknowledgement of the communication via broadcast, in response to the count of receipt acknowledgements sent by other devices in the network being below a threshold amount.

Abstract: A low latency packet switching system comprising a switching device and a processing device. The switching device may include a first plurality of input/output (I/O) ports and a second plurality of I/O ports, wherein each port of the first plurality of ports may be electrically coupled to a pluggable transceiver socket configured to receive a cable connector. The processing device may include a plurality of transceivers electrically coupled to the second plurality of ports. The switching device may be configured to receive a first electric signal encoding one or more incoming data packets. The switching device may be programmed to output the first electric signal to one or more ports, in accordance with a programmable port mapping scheme. The processing device may be configured to receive the first electric signal and to output a second electric signal encoding one or more modified data packets derived from the incoming data packets.

Abstract: A multi-hop heterogeneous wireless network is partitioned into a set of subnetworks including a first subnetwork having a first sink node and a second subnetwork having a second sink node. A node forms parts of the first and the second subnetworks and has different modes of operations (MOP) depending on the subnetwork. For example, the node has a first MOP specifying a type of the routing in the first subnetwork and a second MOP specifying a type of the routing in the second subnetwork. The node determines the MOD based on available routing resource of the node that is independent from the subnetwork and based on required routing resource that varies among the subnetworks. The node routs packets in the first subnetwork according to the first MOP and routing packets in the second subnetwork according to the second MOP.

Abstract: A system that incorporates teachings of the present disclosure may include, for example, a set-top-box (STB) having a controller to join a multicast group having an associated multicast address, wherein the multicast address is associated with a first content type of a plurality of content types, access encoded content associated with the first content type from the multicast address, wherein the encoded content is transmitted by at least one source associated with the multicast group to the multicast address, decode the accessed encoded content, and display the decoded content on a channel mapped to the multicast address. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a network adapter receives a request from a first virtual switch of an overlay network to transmit a multi-destination packet to each of one or more virtual switches of the overlay network identified in a list stored in the network adapter. For each of the one or more virtual switches identified in the list, the network adapter creates a head-end replication of the multi-destination packet, obtains tunneling endpoint information for the identified virtual switch, encapsulates the created head-end replication of the multi-destination packet with a header specific to a tunneling protocol identified in the obtained tunneling endpoint information, and transmits the encapsulated packet to a receiver hosted on the identified virtual switch.

Abstract: A master beacon device emits a data packet that is received and retransmitted by servant beacon devices in a wireless mesh network that enables the beacon devices to detect the received signal strength indicator (“RSSI”) of beacon devices in proximity. Each servant beacon device transmits survey data packets comprising the RSSIs and hardware identifiers of proximate beacon devices to the master beacon device, which constructs a first virtual map of the mesh network. At a later time, each servant beacon device transmits authentication data packets, which are retransmitted, each retransmitting beacon inserting an RSSI and hardware identifier of the beacon device from which the authentication data packet was received, until they reach the master beacon device, which constructs a second virtual map of the mesh network. The master beacon device compares the first virtual map to the second virtual map to determine if the network is secure.

Abstract: A device may include a line card and a control module. The line card may include a memory that stores a local routing table. The line card may request a routing entry from a routing table, receive the routing entry, insert the routing entry in the local routing table, and age out stale routing entries from the local routing table. The control module may include the routing table. The control module may distribute the routing entry in the routing table to the line card.

Abstract: Technologies for bridging between coarse-grained and fine-grained load balancing include a computing node of a cluster computing device and a network controller. The computing node may add a flow entry to a local flow table based on flow information received from the network controller. The computing node may transmit a multicast network packet including the flow information and next hop information to other computing nodes of the cluster device. The computing node may also add a different flow entry to the local flow table and a next hop entry to a local next hop table based on a multicast network packet received from another computing node of the cluster device. The computing node may locally process a network packet received from a remote computing device or forward the received network packet to another computing node of the cluster device based on the flow entries added to the local flow table.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a system that facilitates explicit strategy feedback in a Content-Centric Network (CCN). During operation, the system sends a first interest associated with an explicit strategy feedback request via an egress interface. This egress interface is in a plurality of egress interfaces associated with a same name in a forwarding table. An interest is location-independent and uniquely identifies the content object in the CCN and is routed based on the name in the CCN. The system stores one or more parameters received in response to the explicit strategy feedback request in an entry, which includes the name and the egress interface, in the forwarding table. The one or more parameters are associated with a first device. The system determines, for a second interest for a content object associated with the name, an egress interface from the plurality of egress interfaces based on the stored parameters.

Abstract: A method is executed by a multimedia broadcast multicast services gateway (MBMS-GW) to offload data plane traffic, where the data plane traffic is enhanced MBMS (e MBMS) downlink traffic for a data plane interface Internet Protocol (IP) multicast transport between the MBMS-GW and an enhanced node B (e Node B). The method includes allocating an IP multicast address and a common tunnel endpoint identifier (C-TEID) for an MBMS session between node B (e Node B) and a broadcast multicast service center (BM-SC). The method also includes configuring the at least one network element to match an IP address and a user datagram protocol (UDP) port of incoming data plane traffic, to modify the IP address and UDP port to the IP multicast address and associated UDP port, and to push a general packed radio service (GPRS) tunneling protocol (GTP) user data (GTP-U) header including the C-TEID onto the data plane traffic.

Abstract: Content streams, such as video streams, may be seamlessly provided as both multicast and unicast transmissions. For example, in one implementation, a mobile device may receive a request, from a user of the mobile device, to play streaming content at the mobile device. The mobile device may receive, from a wireless network, and using multicast techniques, a sequence of content segments that correspond to the requested streaming content, and determine when a content segment is missing from the sequence of content segments. The mobile device may request, in response to the determination of the missing content segment, the missing content segment, from the wireless network, using unicast techniques; and insert the received missing content segment into the sequence of content segments to obtain the sequence of content segments as a sequence that includes content segments received using both multicast and unicast techniques.

Abstract: Network traffic in a cloud computing system is monitored in response to a request to capture network traffic of a tenant port of a first virtual machine (VM) executing in the cloud computing system, wherein the first VM is associated with a first tenant organization different from a second organization managing the cloud computing system. A decapsulating VM having a first network interface and a second network interface is instantiated, wherein the decapsulating VM is inaccessible to the first tenant organization. An encapsulated port mirroring session from the tenant port of the first VM to the first network interface of the decapsulating VM is then established. A plurality of packets comprising captured network traffic received via the encapsulated port mirroring session are decapsulated, and the captured network traffic is forwarded via the second network interface of the decapsulating VM to a sniffer VM.

Abstract: A method of setting up a call group for participation in a group call by a number of mobile devices in a mobile telecommunications network. The mobile telecommunications network includes a serving node in communication with the mobile devices. The method includes the serving node receiving data indicative of a group identifier from a given mobile device registered with the mobile telecommunications network. The method also includes defining a group call area using the received group identifier, and the serving node discriminating one call group registered with the telecommunications network from another call group registered with the telecommunications network based upon the defined group call area.

Abstract: An electronic device and method are disclosed. The electronic device includes a wireless communication unit that performs wireless communication, a display unit, and at least one processor, which implements the method, including in response to detecting a request to enter a wireless communication maximization mode, controlling the display unit to display an option for configuring the wireless communication maximization mode, detecting a selection input to the option, and changing a configuration of at least one component of the electronic device to reduce noise from the at least one component generated in a wireless communication frequency band according to the selected option.

Abstract: A method and wireless device (700) for applying a Radio Resource Control, RRC, configuration in a radio communication between the wireless device and a serving base station (702a) of a wireless communication network (702). The wireless device (700) obtains a set of RRC configurations (704), each RRC configuration comprising a plurality of radio parameters dictating how the wireless device should operate in the network (702). The wireless device (700) further receives an indication (706) from the serving base station reflecting a network state of the wireless communication network (702), and then selects and applies an RRC configuration out of the set of RRC configurations, based on the received indication. Thereby, capacity and performance can be improved in the network by reduced signalling with the wireless device (700) and more flexible usage of RRC configuration suitable for the network state.

Abstract: The method including receiving, at a first node of a plurality of computing nodes, a message ownership migration request for a first message. The message ownership migration request can originate from a second node of the plurality of computing nodes. The first node can be an owner of the first message in a first instance of a message queue at the first node. The first message can be published from a first publisher to the message queue at one of the nodes of the plurality of computing nodes. The first message in the first instance of the message queue at the first node can be replicated at a second instance of the message queue at the second node. A first subscriber can be subscribed to the second instance of the message queue at the second node. The method also can include designating the second node as a new owner of the first message such that the first node is no longer the owner of the first message.

Abstract: Various systems and methods for performing bit indexed explicit replication (BIER). For example, one method involves receiving a packet at a node. The packet includes a multicast forwarding entry. The multicast forwarding entry has a plurality of elements, and each element corresponds to a particular node. The method also involves comparing the multicast forwarding entry with forwarding information stored by the node. The method involves selecting a neighbor node based on the comparing, updating the multicast forwarding entry in the packet, and forwarding the packet to the neighbor node.

Abstract: Examples disclosed herein relate to receiving, by a scheduler, a request for a window during which to send a data packet through a crossbar. Transmission of the data packet is dependent upon a pool of transmission credits. The scheduler determines whether the pool of transmission credits is sufficient for transmitting the data packet, and when it is determined that the pool of transmission credits is insufficient, the scheduler determines whether to block the request or to speculatively arbitrate the window based on a value of a speculative request counter.

Abstract: A network apparatus comprising a trunk end point associated with an Ethernet-tree (E-Tree) service in a network domain and configured to forward a frame that comprises a tag according to the tag in the frame, wherein the tag in the frame is a root tag that indicates a root source of the frame or a leaf tag that indicates a leaf source of the frame, and wherein the trunk end point is coupled to a second end point associated with the E-tree service outside the network domain.

Abstract: An example method includes exchanging targeted hello messages to establish a targeted neighbor connection between a first routing device and a second routing device, wherein one of the routing devices comprises a central routing device, and wherein another one of the routing devices comprises an ingress routing device. The example method further includes processing a source-active register message that specifies a source address and an identifier that are collectively associated with a multicast stream, and wherein the source-active register message further indicates whether the multicast stream is active or withdrawn.

Abstract: A multi-domain network (5) has a Hierarchical Path Computation Element, H-PCE, architecture comprising a Parent Path Computation Element, P-PCE (31) and a Child Path Computation Element, C-PCE, (21-25) at each of the domains (11-15). A C-PCE (21-25) determines summarised domain topology information about the domain (11-15). The summarized domain topology information comprises at least one of: an indication of whether the domain (11-15) is capable of supporting Point-to-Multi-Point services; an indication of whether a node of the summarised domain topology is capable of supporting a branch point for Point-to-Multi-Point services. The summarised domain topology information is sent to a P-PCE (31) via a communication interface (35). The P-PCE (31) computes an end-to-end Point-to-Multi-Point tree using a topology based on summarised domain topology information (32) received from the Child Path Computation Elements.

Abstract: In general, techniques for facilitating a distributed network (L3) subnet by which multiple independent control planes of network devices connected to physically separate L2 networks provide L2 reachability to/from a single L3 subnet. In some examples, a shared L2 network physically situated to connect a plurality of physically separate L2 networks “stitches” the L2 networks together within the respective, independent control planes of switches such that the control planes bridge L2 traffic for a single bridge domain for the separate L2 networks to the shared L2 network and visa-versa. Each of the independent control planes may be configured with a virtual IRB instance associated with the bridge domain and with a common network subnet. Each of the virtual IRBs provides a functionally similar routing interface for the single bridge domain for the separate L2 networks and allows the shared network subnet to be distributed among the independent control planes.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method, an apparatus, and a system for data transmission. A network device receives a first multicast protocol packet sent by a network virtualization edge, NVE, for joining a multicast group, obtains first information, establishes an NVE interface of the multicast group according to the first information, and determines second information according to the first information, wherein the first information comprises a correspondence between each NVE connected to the network device and a multicast group to which each NVE belongs, and the second information comprises each multicast group in which the network device is involved; and sends the second information to a NVO3 manager, so that the NVO3 manager establishes a unicast tunnel interface of the multicast group between the network device and the at least one another network device according to the second information.