Abstract: A router for transmitting data packets to and receiving data packets from N interfacing peripheral devices. The router comprises a plurality of processors that exchange data packets with each other over a common bus. A source processor transmits a data packet to a destination processor by storing the data packet in an output queue associated with the source processor and transmits an interrupt message to the destination processor. The destination processor, in response to the interrupt message, reads the data packet from the output queue.

Abstract: A method for optimal assignment of customer edge (CE) routers to virtual private network route forwarding (VRF) tables uses a “peer model”, in which the CE routers communicate their routes to a Service Provider's edge routers (PE routers). The routes of a particular VPN are then exchanged among the PE routers that are attached to that VPN. This is accomplished in a manner which ensures that routes from different VPNs remain distinct and separate, even if two VPNs comprise an overlapping address space. The PE routers distribute, to the CE routers in a particular VPN, the routes from other CE routers in that VPN. The CE routers do not peer with each other and, as such, there is no “overlay” visible to a VPN's routing algorithm.

Abstract: A connection management system and method manages connections between a vehicle telematics unit and a call center. A connection is established between the vehicle telematics unit and the call center over a wireless network. A first service is provided to the vehicle telematics unit during which a request for a second service is recognized for the vehicle telematics unit. A connection between the vehicle telematics unit and the call center is provided in response to the request for the second service after completion of the first service. This can include maintaining the established connection to carry out the second service or initiating a new connection after the first one is terminated.

Abstract: A system and method to provide node-to-node connectivity in a communications network are disclosed. A virtual connection is established between a source node coupled to a client and a destination node within the connection-oriented network using standards-based signaling. A communication session is then activated between the client and the destination node on the virtual connection.

Abstract: Disclosed here is a communication apparatus and method for inter-AS routing, which enables policy routing between a stub AS and an upstream AS. The policy routing includes control which is applicable only between adjacent autonomous systems (AS's). When a subject communication apparatus notifies its own AS number or advertises attribute information that includes its own AS number to a stub AS, the communication apparatus does not use its own AS number or uses the AS number of the upstream autonomous system (AS) instead of its own AS number. In addition, when relaying routing information received from one AS to another, the subject communication apparatus also relays attribute information without discarding the information, although the information is conventionally not relayed to itself.

Abstract: Assignment of network addresses, e.g., IP addresses, to network nodes in a passive optical network (PON) may involve assignment of IP addresses within a common subnet scope to network nodes coupled to different optical fiber links and different interface modules in the PON. In this manner, excessive waste of IP addresses can be avoided. Instead of assigning an entire subnet scope of addresses to the nodes coupled to a single optical fiber link, a common subnet can be allocated across a PON having multiple, independent interfaces, increasing the number of subnet IP addresses that are actually used. Accordingly, the IP address space within a subnet scope can be distributed more efficiently. In addition to conserving IP addresses, the number of subnets allocated by ISPs can be reduced, along with the significant expense incurred by ISPs in reserving and maintaining multiple class C subnets.

Abstract: A transmission system comprising a relaying apparatus and concentrated subscriber line transmission apparatuses, the relaying apparatus including a first buffer memory for buffering a control request to be transmitted to one of the concentrated subscriber line transmission apparatuses, a second buffer memory for buffering data to be downloaded to specific one of the concentrated subscriber line transmission apparatuses, and a control unit for generating maintenance frames each including a control request, and download frames each including download data, and transmitting these frames to one of the concentrated subscriber line transmission apparatuses, selectively. The control unit controls the transmission of download frames, depending on status of traffic of frames being relayed from the communication network toward one of the concentrated subscriber line transmission apparatuses and on whether a control request awaiting transmission is buffered.

Abstract: A one-way connection device between at least a first Ethernet interface and a second Ethernet interface respectively comprising a first transmitter-receiver and a second transmitter-receiver each provided with external message transmit terminals and external message receive terminals, the device comprising a connection member for connecting the external transmit terminals of the first transmitter-receiver to the external receive terminals of the second transmitter-receiver, and a line-integrity signal transmit member connected to the external receive terminals of the first transmitter-receiver, the external transmit terminals of the second transmitter-receiver being kept disconnected from the external receive terminals of the first transmitter-receiver.

Abstract: A main unit of a key telephone system accommodates a plurality of terminal units of the key telephone system that use a LAN within company as extension lines and exchange calls with outside lines. The main unit of the key telephone system has a function as an IP server for the terminal units and stores and manages a database of information in a storing device. A terminal unit of the system accesses an IP address of the main unit of the key telephone system, and logs in to the main unit with predetermined first ID and password. The main unit of the key telephone system authenticates the first ID and password and registers the terminal unit of the key telephone system as an IP extension terminal unit, and allows the KTS terminal unit to voice communicate with another terminal unit of the key telephone system in accordance with the VoIP.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a data communication system, a virtual interworking trunk interface within a device to form a universal virtual private network, and methods of operating a virtual private network. In a particular embodiment, the data communication system includes a first portion of a virtual private network, a second portion of the virtual private network, a virtual switch instance associated with the first portion of the virtual private network, a virtual router instance associated with the second portion of the virtual private network, and a virtual interworking trunk interface coupled to the virtual switch instance and to the virtual router instance.

Abstract: An optical access network system having a function of correcting upstream signal waveform distortions occurring in the PON section, wherein a central office side apparatus comprises a main controller to notify each subscriber connection apparatus of a transmission grant period, an equalizer of a tap gain adaptive control type to correct waveform distortions of signals received from the subscriber connection apparatuses, an equalizer controller, and a parameter table for storing, for each subscriber connection apparatus, the initial values of tap gains to be set for the equalizer. The main controller issues a switchover request for switching the equalization characteristic to the equalizer controller each time notifying a subscriber connection apparatus of a transmission grant period, and the equalizer controller retrieves the initial values of the tap gains for the subscriber connection apparatus from the parameter table in response to the switchover request, and sets these values to the equalizer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interfacing a synchronous core network with an asynchronous radio network in a next-generation mobile telecommunications system is disclosed.

Abstract: One embodiment relates to a network. The network includes a first splitter having an input port and N output ports. A first network node is associated with a first of the N output ports. A second network node is associated with a second of the N output ports and is adapted to receive signals communicated from the first network node through the first splitter. Other apparatuses and methods are also set forth.

Abstract: A method for obtaining a capability from a network interface card (NIC), involving sending a query to the NIC for the capability, obtaining the capability from the NIC in response to the query, sending the capability to a virtual NIC, and sending the capability from the virtual NIC to a virtual network stack associated with the virtual NIC, wherein the capability is used by the virtual network stack to process packets.

Abstract: A system and method of the present invention improves data transmission speeds by fixing the lower corner frequency at a frequency above voice band in a symmetric DSL transmission system. By using a fixed lower corner frequency that is above the voiceband and increasing the upper corner frequency upward as the symbol rate increases, the communication equipment systems utilize symmetric frequency plans that incorporate the relatively low loss, low crosstalk spectrum range while still being able to operate on the same line as analog voice band. Another aspect of the present invention is directed to multiplexing a first modem for communicating information packets between the first modem and a plurality of second modems via a single two-wire (e.g. telephone subscriber) lines. The present invention provides a Multi-Access (MA) protocol that enables a single link to be utilized by more than one access device (e.g., a CPE Modem).

Abstract: An electronic device is provided, comprising an interconnect means (N) for connecting a plurality of modules (IP; A-D, M) to enable a communication between the modules (IP; A-D, M), wherein communication resources relate to a time division multiple access based on time slots for dividing and sharing an available communication bandwidth. The electronic device furthermore comprises at least one network interface for coupling at least one of the plurality of modules (IP; A-D, M) to the interconnect means (N). The network interface (NI) is adapted to establish at least one connection to at least one further network interface (NI). The at least one connection comprises at least one channel (a d). The at least one network interface (NI) comprises at least one slot table (ST1-ST11) for reserving time slots for the at least one channel (a-d). The time slots are shared between those channels (a-d) which are associated to the same network interface (NI).

Abstract: An Ethernet switch has a header device with a crossbar device and a number of downstream interface modules with a first number of a series of ports and a second number of a series of ports, respectively, such that in each case the same one in the series of the first number of ports is connected to a switching control unit coupled to an interface device, and the further ports in the series of the first number of ports are connected to a port in the second number of the series of ports via respective data lines routed in cascade form.

Abstract: The invention relates to a customer termination point (1) in the subscriber premises of a telecommunication and/or data link, comprising at least one device for connecting subscriber lines, wherein the customer termination point (1) comprises at least two devices for subscriber lines of at least two providers (a-c), wherein in each case one subscriber line of the various providers (a-c) is connected to a common switching element (6) having at least two inputs (7a-c), wherein an output (7d) of the switching element (6) is connected to a subscriber connection (10) or a device for connecting subscriber lines, wherein each switching element (6) has at least one control input (S) by means of which one of the at least two inputs (7a-c) is switched through to the output (7d) of the switching element, and a method for changing providers.

Abstract: A documentation system for a network is provided. The system has a data port and a destination device, each of which includes an electronic module with an identification code. A source device sends query signals along a network path addressed to the data port and destination device. Each of the data port and destination device electronic module responds to the query addressed to the data port and destination device by transmitting its identification code to the source device. A processor and switch in communication with the source device direct the source device to send the query signals and to interpret the responses. The data port and destination device electronic modules are powered by a local power source and patch cord. A patch cord may be adapted to provide power from the local power source both to the destination device and to the data port.

Abstract: A read port for selectively coupling one of a plurality of inputs to an output is disclosed. The read port comprises: a plurality of inputs; an output; a plurality of multiplexers operable to selectively couple a selected input to said output; and a multiplexer control signal input for inputting a multiplexer control signal, the multiplexer control signal comprising a plurality of control parameters and being operable to control switching of the plurality of multiplexers. The plurality of multiplexers are arranged in a plurality of layers, the layers being arranged between the inputs and output, such that a selected input is operable to be coupled to the output via a multiplexer from each of the different layers.

Abstract: A digital media communications and control system includes a plurality of audio devices each of which includes a device interface module for communication of digital media data and control data from at least one of the devices to at least one other of the devices. A universal data link is operatively connected to each of the device interface modules. The device interface modules and universal data links are operative in combination to connect the devices together in the system and provide full duplex communication of the digital media data and control data between the devices.

Abstract: A fiber to the home FTTH network for convergence of broadcasting and communication is disclosed. The network includes: an OLT for receiving and converting a first predetermined number of broadcast signals and an Ethernet signal into a plurality of converted optical signals, combining the converted optical signals into converged optical signals for subsequent transmission by an optical wavelength division multiplexing method; and an optical network unit (ONU) for classifying the optical signal transmitted from the OLT into the first predetermined number of broadcast signals and the Ethernet signal, switching a second predetermined number of broadcasting signals of the first predetermined number of broadcasting signals according to each SIU by channel selection information contained in upstream Ethernet information, and switching the Ethernet signal to be transmitted to the SIU according to each SIU so as to transmit the switched signal.

Abstract: A bundler, un-bundler and sequencer for use in controlling and driving opposing sets of logical or physical modems to drive multiple-subscriber lines with multiple communication channels. The sequencer determines subscriber requirements such as maximum and minimum bandwidth and quality of service. The sequencer also determines bandwidth availability and status of multiple subscriber lines from which a bundle may be formed. The bundler couple to the sequencer and implement header or headerless insertion of multiple channels in round robin sequence into the X-DSL frames at data rates which correspond with subscriber requirements. The un-bundler reverses the process of the bundler and passes the appropriate packet data onto the corresponding network.

Abstract: The invention provides a voice-controlled media adaptor apparatus for an electronic appliance, especially for a conventional electronic appliance. The electronic appliance includes an input port. The media adaptor apparatus according to the invention is capable of receiving a media information, processing the received media information, and directing the processed media information to an output port thereof mating the input port of the electronic appliance. The media adaptor apparatus according to the invention is also capable of receiving a voice command, converting the received voice command into a command information, and selectively directing the command information to a communication interface thereof.

Abstract: A switching physical layer (PHY) device comprises a first termination network, a switching transmitter, and a switching receiver. The first termination network communicates with a first network connector. The switching transmitter includes first and second outputs, which communicate with the first termination network and a second termination network, respectively. The switching transmitter selectively outputs a transmit signal to a selected one of the first and second termination networks based on a control signal. The switching receiver includes first and second inputs, which communicate with the first and second termination networks, respectively. The switching receiver receives a receive signal from the selected one of the first and second termination networks.

Abstract: For each communication interface of a communication device, its address and a destination address reached via the communication interface are stored in a table while correlating them to each other. A communication interface corresponding to the destination address of a reception packet is selected from the table. When the reception packet contains information on a transmission source address or communication interface, a communication interface corresponding to the information is selected and transmitted to the communication interface. When the reception packet contains no information on a transmission source address or a communication interface, an arbitrary communication interface is selected from the communication interfaces selected and the reception packet is transmitted from this communication interface.

Abstract: A network element employing a universal mapper enables multiple services to be mapped onto a physical medium (metallic link with a particular physical layer protocol) so that the number of service mappers, and hence the complexity of the network element, may be reduced, the cost of provisioning the device may be reduced, and new services may be deployed, such as Ethernet over T1. The universal mapper may be configured to generate frames for transmission over multiple physical mediums utilizing a protocol known as Generic Framing Procedure (GFP). Using this embodiment, services such as ATM, Frame Relay, Ethernet, IP/PPP, Voice, and Infiniband may be transported in GFP frames over metallic links operating using xDSL, T1/E1, T3/E3, or cable access technologies by utilizing a single GFP framer and a single set of service mappers.

Abstract: So-called LCH packets are defined in the Hiperlan Type 2 System for wire-free transmission of video and audio data streams. These LCH packets have a length of 54 data bytes. Furthermore, the Hiperlan/2 Standard provides for so-called ARQ messages to be sent back to the transmitter in an SCH packet in a QOS mode (Quality Of Service), in which all the LCH data packets must be confirmed by the receiver. Space for the LCH and SCH data packets must be provided in a buffer store in the Hiperlan/2 interface for each connection that is set up. When there is a possibility of several hundred connections having been set up, separate reservation of memory areas for LCH and SCH packets would involve considerable complexity for the memory organization. The invention proposes that only one common area be reserved for LCH and SCH packets in the buffer store. The section which is provided for each LCH package is of such a size that it corresponds to a value 2n where n?[0, 1, 2, 3, . . .

Abstract: A video enable answering machine having many new features including customized video announcement messages, caller ID based video announcement messages, and time based video announcement messages.

Abstract: A process control system includes a plurality of input/output (I/O) devices and a controller in communication using a bus. Each I/O device has an interface for communicatively linking the I/O device with the bus, and includes a device processor which, upon detection of a potential I/O device fault, severs the communication link provided by the interface with the bus to thereby remove the I/O device from the bus and to prevent the I/O device from keeping other I/O devices on the bus from communicating over the bus.

Abstract: A core network shared by a large number of edge nodes comprises core nodes interconnected by core channels. Selected core channels are provided with buffers to enable temporal alignment of signals arriving at any core node from several other core nodes. A buffer may be provided at either end of a core channel. Otherwise, all other ports of the core node may be bufferless. Providing such buffers enables the construction of high-capacity wide-coverage network comprising a large number of core nodes shared by numerous edge nodes. Methods of temporal coordination among the network nodes are disclosed.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus comprises a logic coupled to receive a number of data packets. The logic comprises an execution unit to generate a request for routing data for a data packet of the number of data packets. The logic also includes a memory lookup engine coupled to the execution unit and a local memory. The local memory is to store routing data for the number of data packets. The memory lookup engine is to receive the request and to update the local memory upon determining that the routing data for the data packet is not found in the local memory. Additionally, the logic includes a communication logic coupled to the memory lookup engine. The communication logic is to transmit an update message to a remote logic. The update message is to cause the remote logic to update a remote memory, wherein the update message is transmitted based on a low priority update upon determining that a buffer for update messages of the remote memory is full when the local memory is updated.

Abstract: A network communications device may include an input/output (I/O) unit configured to communicate first data packets with at least two network communications devices over respective node segments on a packet network A processing unit may be configured to receive second data packets from the network communications devices. The second data packets may include network performance information generated by the network communications devices in response to receiving the first data packets. A memory may be in communication with the processing unit and be configured to store a table containing network performance information associated with the node segments over which the second data packets are communicated. The processing unit may be further configured to process the second data packets to store the network performance information in the table. The network performance information may be utilized to alter communications of data packets over the node segments.

Abstract: A system management architecture is provided to manage plural compute nodes in a clustering system. Each of the compute nodes basically includes a BMC (Baseboard Management Controller) for local management. Among the compute nodes, a preset one has its BMC connecting with a management network switch through an extra network interface for clustering/system management. A first network interface, which is usually used to connect with the management network switch for communicating with other compute nodes, is utilized for the BMC of the preset compute node to connect with an external management host. A chipset on the preset compute node also connects with the external management host through a system I/O bus and the first network interface. On the preset compute node a operating system provides Network Address Translation service to allow the external management host to access each of the compute nodes.

Abstract: A multi digital subscriber line access multiplexor M-DSLAM system, connecting with an asynchronous transfer mode ATM network, linking with multiple data transmission service networks, and multiple subscriber receiving/transmitting units to perform subscriber line collection function and enable a wideband high-speed data receiving/transmitting operation among the numerous subscribers, The M-DSLAM system incorporates multiple ATM cell buses, an NIU, multiple xDSL service unit, a shelf interface unit SIU, and a main control unit MCU. Therefore, the M-DSLAM system can provide a wideband high-speed data service system, that supports high capacity processing ability and various services including a dialogue service with motion picture, such as a videoconference, a video medical service, VoD, and a voice service based on voIP. This M-DSLAM system advantageously enables on a substantial increase in the number of subscribers while significantly reducing the area occupied by the M-DSLAM system.

Abstract: Disclosed is a point-to-point emulation method for operating an Ethernet passive optical network having an optical line terminal (OLT) and a plurality of optical network units (ONUs) each connected to the OLT. A tag Ethernet frame transmitted between the OLT and the ONUs includes a destination address (DA) field representing a destination address, a source address (SA) field representing a source address, and an LLID field in which a unique LLID assigned to an object of the ONU side is recorded. The LLIDs are assigned to ports of a bridge or an L2 (Layer 2) switch of the OLT side on a one-to-one basis. The OLT, upon receiving a tag Ethernet frame, outputs an LLID field-deleted Ethernet frame to the bridge or L2 switch port to which an LLID in the received frame is assigned. The bridge or the L2 switch transmits the Ethernet frame to a port to which a previously learned destination address is assigned.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems allowing for dynamic bandwidth management schemes responsive to the state of a plurality of access links in redundant network topologies. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a bandwidth management device that periodically queries routing systems associated with access links, conceptually grouped into a virtual access link, to monitor that load of the access links and, depending on the detected load, adjust the configuration of the bandwidth management device to avoid overloading one or more of the access links. Embodiments of the present invention increases network efficiency and help network traffic to flow more smoothly with higher throughput. In one embodiment, the dynamic link control functionality is invoked when any given access link reaches a threshold capacity level.

Abstract: Simple peering is provided in a novel network in which transport technology is independent of network access technology. An out-of-band network may be used to carry advertisements to an update facility. The update facility may use layer 3 destination address information and at least a part of context information (to identify customers uniquely) to determine a layer 3 address of an edge device of the transport network associated with an addressed customer device. Virtual private networks are supported, as context information is used to distinguish different customers with overlapping layer 3 addresses.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for bonding asynchronous transfer mode permanent virtual circuits using a multi-link segmentation and reassembly sublayer. A method includes: transforming a plurality of streams of asynchronous transfer mode cells into a stream of bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells, the plurality of streams of asynchronous transfer mode cells provided by a first plurality of permanent virtual circuits; demultiplexing the stream of bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells into a plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells; and transmitting the plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells to a remote location via a second plurality of permanent virtual circuits. The transmitted plurality of streams of inverse multiplexed bonded asynchronous transfer mode cells can be multiplexed and transformed into a plurality of multiplexed streams of asynchronous transfer mode cells after transmitting.

Abstract: A method and system for providing remote voice communication service via a wireless local area network (WLAN). A WLAN access point is arranged with predefined security settings to establish a VPN tunnel over a packet network with a VPN terminator on a remote network. The access point then wirelessly receives voice traffic from a wireless terminal operating in the WLAN and sends the voice traffic over the VPN tunnel to the remote network, for transmission to a call control device, which provides connectivity with a voice transport network. And the access point similarly receives voice traffic via the VPN tunnel from the remote network and sends the voice traffic wirelessly to the wireless terminal. Advantageously, multiple wireless terminals operating on the WLAN can engage in voice calls concurrently via the access point.

Abstract: An aggregation router architecture comprises a plurality of line cards coupled to at least one performance routing engine (PRE) via an interconnect system. The line cards include input cards having input ports coupled to subscribers and at least one trunk card configured to aggregate packets received from the subscriber inputs over at least one output port. The PRE performs packet forwarding and routing operations, along with quality of service functions for the packets received from each input line card over the interconnect system. The interconnect system comprises a plurality of high-speed unidirectional (i.e., point-to-point) links coupling the PRE to each line card. The point-to-point links couple the line cards to a novel logic circuit of the PRE that is configured to interface the line cards to a packet buffer and a forwarding engine of the PRE.

Abstract: A system is provided for making connections in a telecommunications system that includes a network for transporting communications between selected subscriber connections, and a wireless network for coupling connections to the network. The network and wireless network are interfaced with a traffic management element and at least one radio controller shared by connections, with the traffic management element and the radio controller forming a single integrated network element. Connections are routed from the wireless network to the network via the single integrated network element.

Abstract: An active optical network switch having a switch module, a plurality of uplink modules and a plurality of downlink modules connected to a backplane for connecting the modules and passing signals among them. A CPU module assists in managing the routing of traffic signals by the switch module; said modules and backplane are enclosed in an environmentally hardened housing. Six downlink modules may include four downlink ports each, for connecting the switch to twenty-four subscribers. Multiple switches may be daisy-chained together; one being a master and the remainder being slaves, to increase the number of subscribers that are served by an uplink fiber/pair. Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing may aggregate traffic signals between many subscribers and a CO/head end along a single backhaul fiber. Switch software may provide “network edge” functions including traffic shaping, policing, filtering and aggregation, and address control.

Abstract: A method for executing authentication in a network environment is provided that includes retrieving a group profile from an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server in response to receiving a request from a first end user and locally caching the group profile. A service may be provided to the first end user based on information included within the group profile and associated with the first end user. A request may be received from a second end user. It is then determined if the second end user is included within the group profile such that in cases where the second end user is included in the group profile the group profile can be locally cached in order to provide a service to the second end user without having to communicate with the AAA server.

Abstract: A system (10) for communicating information associated with one or more subscribers includes a connecting link (50). A first switching system (14) coupled to the connecting link (50) communicates remote voice signals (60) and remote data signals (62) using the connecting link (50). A second switching system (14) coupled to the connecting link (50) includes an interface (56) to receive the remote voice signals (60) and the remote data signals (62) using the connecting link (50). The second switching system (14) also includes subscriber line ports (17) for receiving local voice signals (52) and local data signals (54) from subscribers. The interface (56) of the second switching system (14) selectively communicates the highest priority available signals using an outgoing link, voice signals (52, 54) having higher priority than data signals (60, 62). In a more particular embodiment, the remote voice signals (60) may have higher priority than the local voice signals (52).

Abstract: In a PPP gateway apparatus comprising a plurality of line interfaces each accommodating one of access lines for connecting to client terminals and core lines for connecting to layer 2 frame forwarding apparatuses, a frame forwarding control table, and a frame processor for controlling frame forwarding, the frame forwarding control table includes table entries each indicating the correspondence of a PPP session number to a client MAC address and frame definition information for the core line, and the frame processor operates, based on the frame forwarding control table, to forward a PPP frame received from one of access lines to one of core lines after converting it into a layer 2 Ethernet frame and to forward a frame received from one of the core lines and destined for a particular client MAC address to one of access lines after converting it into a PPP frame.

Abstract: Provided is a receiving method for a terminal supporting at least two communication modes and at least one receiving algorithms. The receiving method includes the terminal recognizing at least one current communication mode and a channel status, selecting a receiving algorithm for each active communication mode according to the channel status by referring to a previously designed algorithm lookup table, and receiving a signal of each active communication mode using the selected receiving algorithm. In the receiving method, by activating a combination of optimal receiving algorithms with computational complexity allowed by a system according to at least one active communication mode of a terminal and a channel status, multiple services can be efficiently provided.

Abstract: A universal broadband server connected between a plurality of subscriber lines, at least one upstream link, and a central office provides broadband service to a plurality of customer premise equipment devices connected to the plurality of subscriber lines. The universal broadband server may also provides analog modem service to the plurality of customer premise equipment devices connected to the plurality of subscriber lines. A dynamic bandwidth allocation method adjusts the transmit power and bandwidth at which the universal broadband server communicates with the plurality of customer premise equipment devices in consideration of the maximum available bandwidth provided by the at least one upstream link, and the maximum available power.

Abstract: In a PPP terminating equipment 100 connected with a switch fabric and terminating PPP link, the PPP terminating equipment 100 has an LCP echo requirement detecting section 20 detecting whether or not a received packet is the LCP echo requirement packet, and an LCP echo response producing section 40 producing a response packet to the LCP echo requirement by rewriting the LCP header of the received LCP echo requirement packet. The PPP terminating equipment 100 thereby produces and returns the response packet to the LCP echo requirement.

Abstract: Methods and systems for a plurality of physical layers for network connection may include coupling a MAC to one of a plurality of PHYs. The coupling to a specific PHY may be based on auto-detection of network activity, or network devices, via the PHYs. Also, one of the PHYs may be coupled to the MAC as a power-up default. The PHYs may be coupled to a same network, by, for example, cables. A first cable to a first PHY may couple it to a first network switch and a second cable to a second PHY may couple it to a second network switch. The first network switch may be rated to handle, for example, a greater data rate than the second network switch. The first cable may not be able to be used as a cable for the second PHY, and vice versa.