Abstract: A data transmission method with multiple token mechanism in wireless token ring protocol is provided. First, (a) a logical ring with M nodes is provided; (b) a k-th node is selected from the logical ring, and a token in the k-th node is generated; (c) a first message is sent to a (k+1)-th node from the k-th node with the token, and whether the (k+1)-th node responds a second message is judged, if yes, the data to be transmitted is transmitted from the k-th node, otherwise, the token of the k-th node is eliminated; (d) the token is sent to the (k+1)-th node from the k-th node after completing the transmission of the transmitted data of the k-th node, a generation token sequence is generated in a i-th node, and sent to a (i?1)-th node; and (e) the token is generated for the (i?1)-th node with the generation token sequence.

Abstract: A communication apparatus, includes unit extracting a reception key feature of a temporal change in received power in each frequency band contained in a received signal, unit storing, in correspondence with one another, a system name of a system which uses the frequency band, event information indicating that a communication apparatus belonging to the system starts or stops transmission, and a transmission key feature of a temporal waveform change shape of a transmission signal from a communication apparatus belonging to the system, a transmission key feature corresponding to the event information, unit determining whether there is any transmission key feature matching the reception key feature, by comparing the reception key feature with the transmission key feature, and unit selecting, when the determination unit determines that there is a matched transmission key feature, the event information and the system name which correspond to the transmission key feature from the storage unit.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for transitioning wireless devices between a plurality of states having increasing resource intensity from a least resource intensive state to a most resource intensive second state. All power-on wireless devices are ranked. A respective subset of the power-on wireless devices is assigned to each state, the power-on wireless devices of the subsets having rankings which increase with resource intensity of the state. Signalling is generated to the wireless devices to instruct them to implement any change in state. The priorities which are calculated for the purpose of state scheduling are preferably the same as those, or at least based upon the priorities used for packet scheduling.

Abstract: A network includes multiple nodes interconnected to form a ring topology. These nodes support data transmissions over the network using tokens. To send and receive data over the network, nodes may process control messages. A node can receive a token authorizing transmission on one of multiple data channels, determine a transmission allocation, which represents an amount of time that the authorized data channel may be utilized to transmit data, and determine a destination allocation, which represents a proportion of the transmission allocation that may be utilized to transmit the data to a particular destination. The node can also transmit the data on the authorized data channel in accordance with the transmission allocation and the destination allocation.

Abstract: Provided are a network scheduler and a network scheduling method capable of effectively managing network bandwidths by selectively supporting a work conserving mode to network entities by using an improved token bucket scheme. The network scheduler selectively supports a work conserving mode to network scheduling units (NSUs) serving as network entities by using a token bucket scheme, such that the network scheduler ensures an allocated network bandwidth or enables the NSUs to use a remaining bandwidth. The network scheduler manages the NSUs by classifying the NSUs into a green state, a red state, a yellow state, and a black state according to a token value, a selection/non-selection of the work conserving mode, and an existence/non-existence of the packet request to be processed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the operation of a data link between a base station and one or several mobile stations. According to said process data packets are transmitted between the base station and the mobile stations within transmission phases. The start of each transmission phase is indicated each time through emission of a start signal, and the transmission interface between the base station and the mobile stations for the transmission phase in question is managed by the base station. The data packets are formed with the data of a data stream and a received data stream is formed with the received data packets. The start and the end of each data packet forming operation is each time triggered by the start signals.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and computer program products for preemption in asynchronous systems using anti-tokens are disclosed. According to one aspect, configurable system for constructing asynchronous application specific integrated data pipeline circuits with preemption includes a plurality of modular circuit stages that are connectable with each other and with other circuit elements to form multi-stage asynchronous application specific integrated data pipeline circuits for asynchronously sending data and tokens in a forward direction through the pipeline and for asynchronously sending anti-tokens in a backward direction through the pipeline. Each stage is configured to perform a handshaking protocol with other pipeline stages, the protocol including receiving either a token from the previous stage or an anti-token from the next stage, and in response, sending both a token forward to the next stage and an anti-token backward to the previous stage.

Abstract: The disclosed methods of low power communications facilitate high speed reception of data from an access point (AP) with low transmission latencies while remaining in power save mode as long as possible. The disclosed methods allow the client to remain in a power save state and involve creating a synchronous client frame exchange with the AP that is independent of a digital traffic indication map and the AP's beacon interval. Two methods to accomplish this goal are disclosed: one which involves sending PS Poll Frames; and one that includes fast CAM switching, both at a self tuning frequency.

Abstract: A surplus amount of token calculating unit calculates a surplus amount of token for a station in which a residual amount of output buffer is smaller than a residual amount of token. A necessary amount of token calculating unit calculates a necessary amount of token for a station in which the residual amount of output buffer is larger than the residual amount of token. A token distributing unit distributes a token within a range of the surplus amount of token to a token counter of a station in which the necessary amount of token has been calculated, from a station in which the surplus amount of token has been calculated.

Abstract: A network apparatus is provided that is capable of requiring a reservation for an access right to a peripheral device that is not yet connected to the network apparatus from one of the terminals on a network. A server (network apparatus) may receive a reservation command and a sender identifier (ID) from one of the terminals on the network that requests to reserve an access right for a peripheral device that is not yet connected to the server. In a case where a new connection of a peripheral device is detected, the server allows the terminal identified by the sender ID that accompanied the reservation command to access the peripheral device. While the reservation is established, access to the detected peripheral device from senders other than the identified terminal is rejected.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for preventing unsupported links between a host device and a link partner over a network is disclosed. In one embodiment, a link control signal is employed to release the reset of the candidate PHY, place a candidate PHY of the host device in a boot state, determining whether the candidate PHY is fully functional, and release the candidate PHY to establish link with the link partner over the network.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and program for allowing a first transmitting apparatus among a plurality of transmitting apparatuses connected to a network to transmit data packets to the network. The method includes: receiving a control packet transmitted from a second transmitting apparatus among the plurality of transmitting apparatuses, judging whether the received control packet indicates permission for the first transmitting apparatus to transmit data packets, and also, transmitting data packets in response to the judgment that the permission is indicated, or receiving an additional control packet in response to the judgment that the permission is not indicated; and, transmitting a new control packet indicating, as a transmitting apparatus permitted to transmit data packets subsequently, one transmitting apparatus selected by a predetermined rule from the plurality of transmitting apparatuses, on condition that the transmission of the data packet is completed.

Abstract: When a transmission station having a voluntary transmission right transmits FINALL FRAME as a TXOP ending frame to HC, the HC transmits an acknowledgement frame ACK after SIFS following the reception of FINAL FRAME. Here, when the transmitting station has detected that no frame transmission is performed over the communication network from any other ESTAs in PIFS after the transmission of FINAL FRAME, FINAL FRAME is retransmitted in DIFS after the transmission of FINAL FRAME. By performing such a communication management, it is possible to accurately manage a voluntary transmission right even when the communication medium has a low reliability in a network in which one network pathway is time-shared by a plurality of communication apparatuses.

Abstract: Disclosed are, inter alia, methods, apparatus, data structures, computer-readable media, and mechanisms, for filling token buckets of schedule entries, such as those used in, but not limited to, a scheduling system used in a computer or communications system (e.g., for sending packets, allocating processing resources, etc.). A scheduling system includes multiple schedule entries with a number of tokens and a last filled slot value. A period of time allocated for periodically updating the number of tokens for all of the schedule entries is divided into the slots, and each schedule entry is associated with a particular fill slot. Each particular schedule entry is repeatedly sequence through and updated during is corresponding slot; while in parallel, a next schedule entry to service is repeatedly identified and updated, while in parallel, ineligible entries schedule to be woken up for the current time slot are made eligible.

Abstract: A system, method and computer program produce for handling and minimizing miscommunication and transformation of tokens that are processed by humans, either verbally or in writing, during some part of a usage scenario. This is accomplished by filtering out confusing tokens, as determined by calculating a distance metric for each token. A distance metric may be calculated along a print modality, a visual modality or a verbal modality.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a system of communicating, data within an integrated circuit. Multiple components, or channels, can share common physical communication lines between elements within the system. In some aspect, only one component can access the physical lines at a given time and a selection device chooses which component is active on the physical lines and makes the appropriate connection to the lines. The selection and connection can be completed without requiring or reporting information to the components, and is thus transparent.

Abstract: The present invention describes a communications system having a first link partner and a second link partner that are connected by a communications link having at least four pairs of conductors. According to IEEE Standard 802.3 (e.g. Ethernet) for 1000Base-T, a data link is maintained (in a period absent data transmission) by sending idle signals over four pairs of conductors of the cable to maintain a logical connection. This idle signal scheme is replaced with an alternate idle signaling scheme that uses only two pairs of conductors to maintain a logical connection and therefore can operate with using lower power. The other two pairs of conductors of the four pairs of conductors are unused to maintain a logical connection absent data transfer, and therefore can be used to implement a Suspend Mode of operation. During Suspend Mode, the physical layer of each link partner powers down unnecessary circuitry so as to operate in a low power environment.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling video data in a wireless terminal having a normal video communication mode and a video mute mode is provided. The wireless terminal can be switched to the video mute mode if a user selects the video mute mode during normal video communication mode, thereby enabling video data preselected by the user to be presented on the terminal's display and transmitted to a distant party. The terminal can also display and transmit preselected video data if no video data is received from a distant party within a given time.

Abstract: A system and method for complex determination of a user's busy state and for assigning a do not disturb (DND) filter. A first electronic device is configured to house a DND recognizer module. The first electronic device is further configured to store and execute a plurality of applications. A second electronic device operably associated with the first electronic device. The second electronic device having another DND recognizer module, a DND filter module, and a DND propagator module. The DND filter module is configured to determine whether a particular DND filter is associated with the current busy state of the user and to adjust the DND status provided a DND filter does exist. The DND propagator configured to propagate the DND status to all at least one device operably associated with the system provided a DND status exists for the current busy state of the user.

Abstract: A network, such as a radio network, uses dynamic transmission scheduling and soft clustering. When nodes contend for data slots, each node that is successful continues to have its data slot reserved for it until it sets an end-of-stream bit in an information summarization packet, indicating that it will stop broadcasting. From the information summarization packets, each node determines the other nodes to which it will listen, based on proximity and information content.

Abstract: Wireless stations (108-1-108-N) contending for exclusive access for a predetermined period of time (S232) to transmit on a communication medium (112) are regulated by a common external controller (104) using a single timing parameter (S204). Attempts at transmission access are preceded by respective delays that are expired simultaneously and at a common rate by the stations at times when the stations sense the medium to be idle (S224). The delays are pseudo-randomly selected to avoid collisions among stations in their respective access attempts (S208). Default, initial values of the respective delays (S204) applied to the stations, when multiplied by the respective expected number of transmission attempts by the stations over the long term over periods of time when no transmission attempt is unsuccessful, yield respective products equal to a constant value common to all stations (S312). The default values therefore serve as a knob by which the controller regulates air time opportunity.

Abstract: Token passing data transfer mechanism for reservation based protocols is provided. In some embodiments, a token passing data transfer mechanism for reservation based protocols includes sharing a reservation between a first device and a second device including transmitting a zone activity frame from the first device to the second device to modify the default allocation of the reservation blocks between the first device and the second device, in which the zone activity frame includes a first bit mask indicating which zone reservation blocks the first device requests for transmitting data to the second device during a plurality of zones of the superframe, in which a zone reservation block includes a plurality of contiguous reserved slots within a zone, and the second reservation includes a plurality of zones.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for granting guaranteed bandwidth between one or more data transmission priority requesting sources and one or more resources upon request. Data sources that do not request an assigned bandwidth are served on a “best efforts” basis. The system allows additional bandwidth to priority requesting sources when it is determined that the resource and/or the communication path to the resource is under-utilized. The system further allows the granted bandwidth to be shared by more than one source in a multiprocessor system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for increasing the efficiency of communications between master devices and slave devices in a system. A master normally sends a command to a slave if a token from the slave is received. Determining whether a token is of the correct type requires multiple processing cycles. Alternatively, if all of the slaves have available buffer slots, an “all token available” signal is asserted. When the “all token available” signal is received, the master can send any command without having to decode any of the tokens.

Abstract: The present invention describes a communications system having a first link partner and a second link partner that are connected by a communications link having at least four pairs of conductors. According to IEEE Standard 802.3 (e.g. Ethernet) for 1000Base-T, a data link is maintained (in a period absent data transmission) by sending idle signals over four pairs of conductors of the cable to maintain a logical connection. This idle signal scheme is replaced with an alternate idle signaling scheme that uses only two pairs of conductors to maintain a logical connection and therefore can operate with using lower power. The other two pairs of conductors of the four pairs of conductors are unused to maintain a logical connection absent data transfer, and therefore can be used to implement a Suspend Mode of operation. During Suspend Mode, the physical layer of each link partner powers down unnecessary circuitry so as to operate in a low power environment.

Abstract: There is provided with a radio terminal which carries out data transmission using frequency bands licensed to other licensed radio terminals, including: a judging section configured to carry out a modulation analysis on a radio signal for each frequency band to judge whether the radio signal is a radio signal from a licensed radio terminal or not; a selection section configured to select a plurality of frequency bands; a schedule generation section configured to generate a schedule for intermittent data transmission; a data transmission section configured to transmit data according to the schedule; a carrier sensing section configured to carry out carrier sensing on a frequency band in which data is transmitted before data transmission for each the intermittent data transmission; and a control section configured to stop, when a radio signal from a licensed radio terminal is detected in a certain frequency band, data transmission using at least the certain frequency band.

Abstract: In a serial bus system data in the form of telegrams, representing process images of control tasks of the active station, are transmitted to the connected passive stations, and the process data are allocated to the process images in the passive station.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and computer program product for providing a prioritized MAC protocol for a WLAN or wireless mesh using a time filtering technique wherein a time limit (Advanced Interval For Reservation or AIFR) is imposed on the time prior to the expiration of data channel's NAV when a data channel is considered ‘almost idle’. The same AIFR limit applies to all CC-RTS of the same priority, and a higher priority CC-RTS will have a longer AIFR.

Abstract: A communications system may include a plurality of source message servers for storing messages for delivery to a user, a target message server having a target message box associated therewith, and an aggregation server for periodically aggregating the messages from the source message servers to the target message box for retrieval by the user. The target message server may provide a delivery failure message to the aggregation server based upon a failure to deliver a message to the target message box. As such, the aggregation server may increase a period of sending messages to the target message box based upon a delivery failure message therefrom, and thereafter decrease the period of sending messages to the target message box based upon a successful delivery of a message thereto.

Abstract: The invention concerns a data transmission method, and its implementing device, in an integrated closed system of computers, such as, for example, in an aerial or land vehicle, comprising a step which consists in transmitting point-to-point data between two transmission nodes, for example via a wire system, each node having one or more channels enabling each transmission with a single node, a step which consists in converting data for transmission thereof, for example, in series. The invention is characterized in that it does not comprise any step of physical or logical control for authorizing and/or validating the transmitted data so that any data reception at a node is unconditionally followed by a retransmission, that is the control of the dataflows is implicitly determined by the cabled topology used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a state machine which has a dual process which receives and concurrently processes ad-hoc and infrastructure processes. The dual process state concurrently executes both processes by either over-clocking a media access control core, or by routing the processes to multiple media access control cores for processing. The state machine contains an ad-hoc process state which accepts either an ad-hoc or an infrastructure signal, and either processes the signal if the received signal is an ad-hoc signal, or transfers control to an infrastructure process state for processing if the received signal is an infrastructure signal. The state machine also contains an infrastructure process state which accepts either an ad-hoc or an infrastructure signal, and either processes the signal if the received signal is an infrastructure signal, or transfers control to an ad-hoc process state for processing if the received signal is an ad-hoc signal.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for discovering and monitoring a collection of nodes in a downhole network may include receiving data packets originating from several downhole nodes. These packets may be read to extract a unique identifier and hop count for each of the nodes. This information may then be used to create entries in a network topology table corresponding to each of the downhole nodes. Each entry may contain unique identifier identifying the respective node, a hop count identifying a location of the node within the downhole network, and a direction identifier. The method may further include modifying one or more entries in the topology table having a conflicting hop count and direction identifier.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for discovering and monitoring a collection of nodes in a downhole network may include receiving data packets originating from several downhole nodes. These packets may be read to extract a unique identifier and hop count for each of the nodes. This information may then be used to create entries in a network topology table corresponding to each of the downhole nodes. Each entry may contain unique identifier identifying the respective node and a hop count identifying a location of the node within the downhole network. The apparatus and method may further include modifying one or more entries in the topology table having conflicting hop counts to ensure that the hop counts of each entry are unique.

Abstract: A system and/or method for metering and marking packets of data incoming into a communication system having in some embodiments primary and secondary meter selectors, primary and secondary metering processors and a pipeline and wrapper interface controller. Further methods involve measuring an incoming microflow against one or two specified temporal profiles using a two-level metering hierarchy.

Abstract: A method for the transmission of data messages in a switched cyclical communication system (38, 39) with a linear or ring arrangement of the users. Real-time critical data messages are transmitted in a first segment (20) of a transmission cycle (31), without the need to first plan the send and receive instants in the forwarding users, such that the chronological start (21) of the first segment (20) of a transmission cycle (31) is guaranteed by all users in all transmission cycles through monitoring. The duration of the first segment (20) of a transmission cycle (31) can be fixedly specified or automatically adjusted using a timeout procedure.

Abstract: A technique is disclosed that enables both an IEEE 802.11 transceiver and a Bluetooth transceiver to be employed in a single wireless telecommunication station (e.g., a device supporting a wireless telephone, personal digital assistant, etc.) without interfering on each other. In particular, the illustrative embodiment enables standard “off-the-shelf” IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth transceivers to work in a coordinated fashion in a single telecommunications terminal. In the illustrative embodiment, an IEEE 802.11 transceiver that uses a shared-communications channel notifies a Bluetooth transceiver that a transmit opportunity exists and that the Bluetooth transceiver has permission to use the shared-communications channel. The technique disclosed is also applicable to communications protocols other than IEEE 802.11 and Bluetooth.

Abstract: Token authorized packet exchange between a plurality of store-and-forward nodes in a downhole networking environment and respective applications for data processing and communication are described herein.

Abstract: A method and system for efficiently utilizing frequency spectrum resources is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of determining at least one spectrum opportunity (510), wherein the opportunity is identified by a frequency range and a time duration, determining a set of altered transmission characteristics (515, 517) to allow transmission of a desired signal in the identified frequency range, wherein the altered transmission characteristics avoid interference with signals expected in the frequency range, and transmitting said desired signal using the altered transmission characteristics when the transmission occurs during said time duration. In one aspect of the system, the step of determining at least one opportunity comprises the steps of receiving signals in known frequency ranges, and determining the characteristics of the received signals.

Abstract: A network includes multiple nodes interconnected to form a ring topology. These nodes support data transmissions over the network using tokens. To send and receive data over the network, nodes may process control messages. A node can receive a token authorizing transmission on one of multiple data channels, generate a transmission control message identifying a destination node and the authorized data channel, and communicate the transmission control message for receipt by the destination node. The node can also transmit data on the authorized data channel after communicating the transmission control message and communicate the token to a next node.

Abstract: Various example embodiments are disclosed. According to an example embodiment, a method may include receiving a token count units instruction, periodically increasing or decreasing a token count based at least in part on a refresh rate, and in response to receiving a packet, decreasing or increasing the token count based at least in part on a size of the packet and the instruction.

Abstract: A ‘smart’ sub-channel hopping control mechanism executes one or more sub-channel selection discriminators to enable the communications controller of a spectral reuse transceiver to delineate on which of a plurality sub-channels the spectral reuse transceiver may transmit, so as to substantially reduce the likelihood of triggering squelch circuits of silent radios of primary (licensed) channel users.

Abstract: A token-assignment network implemented out of existing computers that are interconnected in an Ethernet network. The token-assignment mode ensures that each computer in the token-assignment network has a turn at transmitting, thus preventing starvation of any particular computer in the token-assignment network. In this manner, computers of the token-assignment network are able to continue functioning even during a virus outbreak, thereby enabling business to continue and/or virus remedial actions to be taken via the network.

Abstract: A signal measured on a network is associated with one of a plurality of communication devices connected to the network. The designation address of an active communication device that is scheduled to communicate next is determined. The next received signal on the network is associated with the designation address of the active communication device if the signal is received within a maximum response time.

Abstract: A method and a system provide access to a communications medium that is suitable for allowing use of a plurality of Home Phoneline Network Association (HPNA) v2 frames in a centralized manner. Each HPNA v2 frame is timed to allow an Inter-Frame Gap (IFG) portion having a duration that is substantially a duration defined by an HPNA v2 protocol specification for an IFG portion of an HPNA v2 frame. A plurality of frames are generated in the communications medium with at least one frame of the plurality of frames having timing to allow a Shortened Inter-Frame Gap (SIFG) portion and a contention-free portion. The SIFG portion is less than about 17 ?sec in duration. Access to the communications medium is then provided for at least one station (STA) during the contention-free portion of a frame having timing to allow the SIFG portion.

Abstract: Each node on a communication path receives state variable signals from other nodes indicating the internal operating states or internal timing of the other nodes, and transmits a state variable signal indicating its own internal operating state or timing. Transitions in the internal operating state or timing of a node take place at a basic transition rate but at times adjusted according to the state variable signals received from other nodes. The basic transition rate varies according to position on the communication path. The nodes can thereby establish transmitting time slots that follow each other in progression on the communication path, enabling data signals to be relayed from the starting node to the destination node with minimal delay at each intermediate node.

Abstract: A wireless device is disclosed. The wireless device includes a radio module and an application. The radio module is used to communicate data on a wireless network. The application is used to facilitate the transition of the radio module from an active state to a dormant state. This transition occurs whenever data has not been communicated at the radio module for a predetermined time interval.

Abstract: A method for allocating polling bandwidth may include generating polling tokens corresponding to connections maintained by a base station. The polling tokens may be generated at configurable time intervals. The method may also include assigning priorities to the polling tokens. The priority of a polling token may depend on a scheduling type of a corresponding connection. The method may also include allocating polling bandwidth to the connections that correspond to the highest priority polling tokens when uplink bandwidth is available to allocate for polling.

Abstract: Token authorized node discovery between a plurality of store-and-forward nodes in a downhole networking environment and respective applications for data processing and communication are described herein.

Abstract: A novel and useful media access control (MAC) protocol that is intended for use over noisy shared media channels. The MAC protocol provides layer 2 functionality over a network using a shared medium including a backoff mechanism for CSMA/CA channel access, link addressing that reduces the overhead of long MAC addresses, a flooding scheme having controlled exposure for broadcast transmissions, multicast transmissions using selective ACKs, implementation of traffic prioritization using an adaptive backoff scheme, a second layer repeater establishment process and multi-packet transport for short packets and fragmentation for long packet transport.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for transmitting data and a method and apparatus for performing a task for process migration are provided. The method of transmitting data includes: determining a data transmission priority using at least one of information relating to data needed to continuously perform a task, that is currently performing, in an external device and information relating to data transmission means; determining transmission methods for each data based on the data transmission priority; and transmitting data to the external device according to the determined transmission methods.