Abstract: Disclosed is a low power consumption GNSS receiver by adaptively adjusting clock frequency. A correlator performs correlations to signals received from the channels with a correlator clock frequency. A DSP controls the correlator clock frequency according to a correlator load to performing correlations. The DSP calculates and adjusts code phases and Doppler frequencies for the signals in turn with a DSP clock frequency. The DSP controls the DSP clock frequency according to an accumulated throughput of calculation and adjustment or a predetermined threshold number of channels. The DSP controls the RF power according to the correlator load. A microprocessor processes a measurement result of the calculation and the adjustment for obtaining position information with a microprocessor clock frequency. The microprocessor controls the microprocessor clock frequency according to an accumulated progress of processing the measurement result. Accordingly, reducing power consumption for the GNSS receiver can be realized.

Abstract: There is provided an apparatus for determining a carrier-to-noise power density ratio (CN0) of a spread spectrum signal. The apparatus includes a signal power calculation unit and a conversion unit. The signal power calculation unit determines a signal power indicator indicative of a signal to noise ratio of the spread spectrum signal. The conversion unit is coupled to the signal power calculation unit and stores a lookup table representing a relationship between the signal power indicator and the carrier-to-noise power density ratio. The conversion unit is operable for converting the signal power indicator to the carrier-to-noise power density ratio according to the lookup table.

Abstract: A secure information transmission system includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers. The transmission waveform employed includes highly randomized, independent stochastic processes, and is secured as a separate entity from the information it carries. The signal, using novel modulation methodology reducing impulse responses, has a paucity of spectral information and may be detected, acquired and demodulated only by communicants generating the necessary receiving algorithm coefficients. The physical area of signal reception is restricted to that of each intended communicant, reception areas following movements of mobile communicants. A unique instant in time is used as basis for communications keys to the securing algorithms dynamically generated on a one-time basis and never exchanged or stored by communicants.

Abstract: A transmitter/receiver system for high data transfer in a wireless communication system includes a physical layer processor that comprises an FEC coder, a demultiplexer and a plurality of modem processors. The FEC coder applies error correction codes to the high data rate signal. Thereafter, the demultiplexer distributes portions of the coded high data rate signal to the modem processors. Each modem processor processes its respective portion of the coded signal for transmission in an independent channel.

Abstract: A system is employed for defining a position (location) of a receiving element inside an area surrounded by a wire loop, along the perimeter (a perimeter wire loop), of a work area or other bounded area. In particular, the system can determine whether the receiver is inside or outside the loop, and evaluate its distance from the perimeter wire.

Abstract: A method of generating a code sequence in a wireless communication system is disclosed. More specifically, the method includes recognizing a desired length of the code sequence, generating a code sequence having a length different from the desired length, and modifying the length of the generated code sequence to equal the desired length. Here, the step of modifying includes discarding at least one element of the generated code sequence or inserting at least one null element to the generated code sequence.

Abstract: Disclosed is a circuit for improved power management of a wireless device, comprising an input signal from an antenna, an oscillator, a mixer and a circuit for correlating. In a first analog embodiment of the circuit, the circuit for correlating comprises a surface acoustic wave (SAW) and the circuit further comprises an operational amplifier and a reference voltage. In a second digital embodiment of the circuit, the circuit for correlating comprises a digital correlator and the circuit further comprises a digital comparator.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for modifying a transmit diversity signal by receiving at least one input parameter, collecting at least one interval of feedback data, computing a transmit diversity parameter, and modifying a transmit diversity signal based on the computed parameter. In some embodiments of the invention, the diversity parameter may be any one or a combination of relative phase, relative amplitude, relative power, data rate of the transmit diversity signal, or any other suitable parameter.

Abstract: Quick frequency tracking (QFT), quick time tracking (QTT), and non-causal pilot filtering (NCP) are used to detect sporadically transmitted signaling, e.g., paging indicators. For QFT, multiple hypothesized frequency errors are applied to an input signal to obtain multiple rotated signals. The energies of the rotated signals are computed. The hypothesized frequency error with the largest energy is provided as a frequency error estimate. For QTT, coherent accumulation is performed on the input signal for a first set of time offsets, e.g., early, on-time, and late. Interpolation, energy computation, and non-coherent accumulation are then performed to obtain a timing error estimate with higher time resolution. For NCP, pilot symbols are filtered with a non-causal filter to obtain pilot estimates for one antenna for non-STTD and for two antennas for STTD. The frequency and timing error estimates and the pilot estimates are used to detect the signaling.

Abstract: A receiver in an impulse wireless communication. The receiver (300) includes a pulse-pair correlator (304) that receives a signal (316) and divides it into two signals for paths. One of the signals is input to signal multiplier (312) while another signal is delayed by a delay unit (310). The signal multiplier (312) multiplies the received signal (316) by a delayed signal (318). An integrator (314) integrates an output signal (322) over a designated period of time. An adding module (306) sums an output signal (324) from the integrator (314). An acquiring module (308) compares an summing-up output (326) from the adding module (306) with a predetermined threshold value to detect the existence of a transmitting-standard preamble.

Abstract: A circuit for processing a packet based signal received over a Bluetooth radio link has a correlator to detect at least part of the access code. A correlator controller, reconfigures the correlator according to a timing of the access code, to detect at least part of the EDR synchronization sequence, and a demodulator demodulates the payload according to the detection. The correlator has an input signal register, a buffer for a sequence of at least part of the wanted signal values, and a series of comparators arranged to compare input signal values with corresponding ones of the wanted signal values at more than one offset. By such dual use of the same correlator, the receiver can be made more cost effective.

Abstract: A system for implementing an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme and providing an improved range extension. The system includes a transmitter for transmitting data to a receiver. The transmitter includes a symbol mapper for generating a symbol for each of a plurality of subcarriers and a spreading module for spreading out the symbol on each of the plurality of subcarriers by using a direct sequence spread spectrum. The symbol on each of the plurality of subcarriers is spread by multiplying the symbol by predefined length sequences. The receiver includes a de-spreader module for de-spreading the symbols on each of the plurality of subcarriers. The de-spreader module includes a simply correlator receiver for obtaining maximum detection. The correlator produces an output sequence of a same length as an input sequence and the de-spreader module uses a point of maximum correlation on the output sequence to obtain a recovered symbol.

Abstract: A system includes a differential demodulation module that differentially demodulates modulated signals received from R antennas. A first summing module sums the differentially demodulated signals to generate a combined signal. A state detection module detects states of X symbols in the combined signal. A second summing module (i) receives Y preamble sequences each comprising X predetermined symbols and (ii) generates X sums for each of the Y preamble sequences by adding each of the states of the X symbols with corresponding states of the X predetermined symbols of each of Y preamble sequences. The states of the X predetermined symbols are generated by inverting states of derived symbols in derived preamble sequences, which are derived from the Y preamble sequences. Each of the Y preamble sequences is different from others of the Y preamble sequences. R, X, and Y are integers greater than 1.

Abstract: Various embodiments are described which may serve to improve spreading channel code selection in wireless technologies that employ two-stage ranging. For example, some of the embodiments enable a number of spreading codes to be reused at each network node (111, 112), potentially increasing the number of codes available to each remote unit and thereby reducing the collision rate. Rather than simply selecting a spreading channel code randomly, remote units (101-103), in some embodiments, select a spreading channel code based on one or more considerations such as pilot signal strength, remote unit location, a remote unit mobility level, and a priority class associated with the remote unit. Depending on the embodiment, network nodes can partition the spreading codes into groups and then assign link bandwidth to remote units based on the group associated with the code selected by that remote unit.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods for providing timing estimates of received signals are disclosed. In one embodiment, sub-chip timing in spread spectrum signals can be achieved without requiring oversampling in the receiver. A transmitter can adjust the timing of certain transmitted symbols by a fraction of a chip time from an expected time, and send the mistimed symbols to a receiver. The output of the receiver's de-spreading correlator can show different magnitudes for wedge symbols with different timing errors. By setting some symbols early and some late, and by taking the difference between their magnitudes, a transfer function between the result and a timing error can be determined.

Abstract: A User Equipment (UE) receives and samples communication signals, where the communication signals have a time frame format, a transmission chip rate and a synchronization code associated with a time slot that includes a midamble that indicates a modulation of the synchronization code where a specified modulation of received synchronization codes identifies the timing for a timeslot in which data is to be received. The UE preferably includes a synchronization code determination circuit, a midamble determination circuit, and a phase modulation sequence detection circuit operatively associated with the midamble determination circuit. The UE can be configured for use with the low chip rate option of the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) standards that employ a predefined set of downlink SYNC codes that point to midambles which indicate SYNC code modulation sequence to enables reading of data in a subsequent Broadcast Channel (BCH) message.

Abstract: A detection unit is disclosed for the detection of data symbols contained in a demodulated signal, whereby band spreading occurs transmit-side with the use of first sequences, whose first chips each assume one of two different first values.

Abstract: A node (e.g., base station, signal processing unit) is described herein that includes a symbol detector and a method which are capable of suppressing interference caused by one user device (which may be in softer handoff mode) to reduce performance degradation to other intra-cell user devices and/or other inter-cell user devices (which may not be in softer handoff mode).

Abstract: A method for detecting a specific timing from a synchronization channel is described. A signal with a known sequence is received. Two or more correlation values between the received signal and the known sequence are calculated at two or more positions. The two or more correlation values are compared. A determination is made whether the position of the known sequence has been shifted based on the comparison. A specific timing of a synchronization channel is detected based on the determination.

Abstract: A code phase signalling module arranged to provide code phase signalling to assist in signal acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum signalling received by a receiver module from a transmitter module. The code phase signalling is arranged to be used by the receiver module to synchronise the phase of a synchronisation code provided from within the receiver module with the phase of a modulation code of the direct spread spectrum sequence signalling received by the receiver module. The synchronisation code sequence corresponds to the modulation code sequence. The code phase signalling module is arranged to provide code phase time signalling representing the offset time of the synchronisation code from a reference time. The reference time is associated with the time of transmission of a particular reference portion of the modulation code of the direct spread spectrum signaling.

Abstract: A spread spectrum clock generator (SSCG) control and inspection circuit provides a system and method for inspecting and controlling an external SSCG, and for verifying the modulation profile waveform of an external SSCG. An electronic circuit is included that can check for the presence of an optimal SSCG modulation profile in product subsystems, and in attached modular systems, including electronic plug-in features such as internal network adapters and cartridges. In one mode of the invention, an electronic circuit ensures continued radiated emissions compliance for field replaceable units or consumable parts within a product, such as a printer, a scanner, or a combination (or all-in-one) printer/scanner. In another mode of the invention, an electronic circuit may also act as a secondary security device for consumable products, such as toner cartridges or ink jet cartridges. In yet another mode of the invention, an electronic circuit may also adjust the attached SSCG clock.

Abstract: A modulation device includes: a spread code generation unit which generates a spread code having a predetermined cycle; an audio signal input unit to which an audio signal is input; a first modulation unit which phase-modulates the spread code in each cycle on the basis of a data code; and a combining unit which combines the audio signal with a modulation signal which has been generated on the basis of the phase-modulated spread code and distributed in a frequency range higher than a predetermined frequency to output a combined signal.

Abstract: Provided is a radio communication device which can suppress inter-code interference between an ACK/NACK signal and a CQI signal which are code-multiplexed. In this device, a diffusion unit (214) diffuses the ACK/NACK signal inputted from a judgment unit (208) by using a ZC sequence. A diffusion unit (219) diffuses the CQI signal by using a cyclic shift ZC sequence. By using a Walsh sequence, a diffusion unit (216) further diffuses the ACK/NACK signal which has been diffused by using the ZC sequence. A control unit (209) controls the diffusion unit (214), the diffusion unit (216), and the diffusion unit (219) so that the minimum value of the difference between the CQI signals from a plurality of mobile stations and a cyclic shift amount of the ACK/NACK signal is not smaller than the minimum value of the difference between the cyclic shift amounts of the ACK/NACK signals from the plurality of mobile stations.

Abstract: A device for decoding a direct sequence spread spectrum-encoded binary message includes a sampler that captures at least one sequence of binary samples corresponding to one bit of the transmitted message. The captured sequence of samples are applied to a filter matched to the spreading code used, thus making it possible to delete the spreading applied to the original message. The device further includes, at the output of the sampler, an error correction block including a memory storing a plurality of binary sequences corresponding to all of the possible values for a captured sequence of samples. A replacement circuit replaces the captured sequence of samples with the stored sequence, thereby minimizing the number of samples different from the captured sequence of samples, and allowing the stored sequence to be applied to the matched filter.

Abstract: A reception step receives a multicarrier signal containing subcarriers, at least one of which a synchronization signal is transmitted therein, multiplied only by a synchronization signal spreading code, a correlation detection step detects correlation values between the received multicarrier signal and replicas of the synchronization signal, and a timing detection step detects a FFT timing and a long code received timing according to the correlation values.

Abstract: An interference reduction receiver is disclosed. The interference reduction receiver includes a weight generating unit for obtaining weights by multiplying a signal correlation matrix of an input signal and a channel response vector. The input signal is despread at two or more predetermined timings, the despread signals are multiplied by the weights, the weight-multiplied signals are added, and an original signal is obtained.

Abstract: A variable code-tracking loop filter in a receiver having the ability to change its parameters multiple times in response to received signals. Parameters for the code-tracking loop filter may be varied based on phase and frequency errors from an error detector. In one implementation, the code-tracking loop filter is able to repeatedly vary a single parameter, such as its received bandwidth, based on the phase and frequency errors, while in another, the code-tracking loop filter may vary two or more parameters, such as the loop bandwidth and the natural frequency.

Abstract: A method of generating a code sequence in a wireless communication system is disclosed. More specifically, the method includes recognizing a desired length of the code sequence, generating a code sequence having a length different from the desired length, and modifying the length of the generated code sequence to equal the desired length. Here, the step of modifying includes discarding at least one element of the generated code sequence or inserting at least one null element to the generated code sequence.

Abstract: A secure information transmission system includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers. The transmission waveform employed includes highly randomized, independent stochastic processes, and is secured as a separate entity from the information it carries. The signal, using novel modulation methodology reducing impulse responses, has a paucity of spectral information and may be detected, acquired and demodulated only by communicants generating the necessary receiving algorithm coefficients. The physical area of signal reception is restricted to that of each intended communicant, reception areas following movements of mobile communicants. A unique instant in time is used as basis for communications keys to the securing algorithms dynamically generated on a one-time basis and never exchanged or stored by communicants.

Abstract: A method of estimating coarse frequency offset of received symbols based on a received frequency domain sample at a kth sub-carrier of a 53rd Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) data symbol in a jth time slot (TS) of a receiver in a China Multimedia Mobile Broadcasting (CMMB) mobile television network includes dividing a received sample, Ykj, into two sets of noise only tones and data plus noise tones Dkj, obtaining a received sample only if there is a coarse frequency offset mismatch between a transmitter and the receiver, dividing a summation of a power of the data plus noise tones by a summation of a power of the noise only tones to obtain ?kj, and estimating an integer coarse frequency offset estimate, ?{circumflex over (f)}Ij, of the received symbols when the ?kj is a maximum.

Abstract: Systems and methods for avoiding non-linear behavior of conventional early-minus-late correlator-based code loop discriminators. The present invention provides a model of correlator behavior that takes into account whether both correlators are on the same side of the correlation peak or they straddle the peak. The result is a piecewise solution that can be stitched together quite readily to produce an extended range of linear response, thereby improving the pull-in capability of GPS code loops when closely spaced correlators are being used.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver and method using alternating “A” and “B” time segments for a reception time length of two or more data bits. The GNSS signal in an “A” time period comprising the “A” time segments is integrated for determining “A” magnitudes corresponding to code phase increments and the GNSS signal in a “B” time period comprising the “B” time segments is integrated for determining “B” magnitudes corresponding to code phase increments. A trial-and-error data bit search is performed for depolarizing data bit senses. The code phase increment showing the largest correlation level is used for acquisition of the GNSS signal and/or determination of the location where the GNSS is being received.

Abstract: A signal detection device rapidly and accurately detects a desired signal from a reception signal. A correlation unit 231 outputs a correlation value string obtained by cross-correlating an input symbol string and a reference symbol string, a first position detection unit 232 detects a position of a correlation value viewed as a maximum or a local maximum on the correlation value string, a compensation unit 233 performs compensation by suppressing correlation error values from correlation value at positions other than the detected position, a second position detection unit 234 detects a position of a correlation value viewed as the maximum on the compensated correlation value string, and a sync-detected signal generation unit 235 outputs a sync-detected signal based on the position detected by the second position detection unit 234.

Abstract: Each receiving node (120) of a plurality of receiving nodes (120-1, 120-2 and 120-3) in a wireless network converts a superposition of signals received from a plurality of transmitting nodes (10) to produce soft complex signal information. The soft complex signal information associated with the considered plurality of receiving nodes are collected, and jointly detect signal information transmitted from at least a subset of the plurality of transmitting nodes (10) based on the collected soft complex signal information. The collected soft signal information generally retains phase and amplitude information, and the transmitted signals are preferably detected in a joint detection process based on a complex channel representation and collected soft signal information.

Abstract: The present invention is related to location positioning systems, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus of synchronizing to data frames in a positioning system signal. According to one aspect, the invention speeds up the frame synchronization process by computing a frame synchronization metric for each satellite and then combining together the metrics for all tracked satellites together, after compensating for respective signal transit times. Then the invention makes a frame sync decision on the combined satellite metric. In embodiments, an optimal combining algorithm is used based on CNO of each satellite. According to further aspects, the invention further speeds up the frame synchronization process by predicting many bits in the subframe so that more bits are known in addition to the 8-bit preamble. For example, the invention recognizes that many bits in a subframe rarely change or don't change very often. Moreover, the invention uses old ephemeris used to predict new ephemeris parameters.

Abstract: A joint detection system and associated methods are provided. The joint detection system is configured to perform joint detection of received signals. The joint detection system includes a programmable digital signal processor (DSP) configured to generate initial channel estimates corresponding to propagation channels, wherein each of the initial channel estimates includes a plurality of values. The programmable DSP is further configured to determine one or more pre-scaling factors for one or more of the initial channel estimates. The pre-scaling factors are at least partially based on at least one of the plurality of values of one or more of the initial channel estimates. The programmable DSP is further configured to pre-scale the initial channel estimates by the pre-scaling factors.

Abstract: The present invention determines those mathematical processes that are repeated in the standard search schema, and uses this information to simplify the process by eliminating repetition of processes that have already been performed. The present information can be implemented in standard circuitry and with fewer instructions than the standard approach. As such, the present invention allows for receiver implementations that are of lower cost and lower power consumption, while achieving the same functionality as the standard receiver topology. The present invention achieves these goals by forming a lookup table of partial accumulations, and presents a method to efficiently address these partial accumulations for use during the accumulation and correlation processes performed by the receiver. These partial accumulations are in turn added together, or accumulated, to form the total accumulation over the desired time period.

Abstract: A method for determining a bit boundary of a repetition-coded signal including bits each having a plurality of epochs includes (a) counting the epochs repeatedly from an initial number to a predetermined number in a predetermined time, (b) sensing sign changes in the epochs, (c) recording each sensed sign change with a weighting function to a corresponding counting number of the epoch, and (d) determining the bit boundary according to a result of step (c).

Abstract: A method is disclosed, including identifying a preamble in a frame, where the preamble has a preamble length 1. M data items received in succession are stored. The m data items once divided into n portions, where the data items in each portion have respectively been received at successive times and where m and n are natural numbers and the following applies to m and n: m>n, m>1, n>1. The n portions are respectively correlated to the expected values to form component correlation results. Delaying the component correlation results, with at least two component correlation results being delayed by different lengths. The method also includes combining the delayed component correlation results to form a total correlation value. The total correlation value is used to determine whether the m received data items contain the preamble of a frame.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for determining user channel impulse response in the TD-SCDMA system, including: setting one or more than one synchronous ID code and establishing corresponding relations between channel estimation parameters of each user and the synchronous ID code and a sub-frame number of a sub-frame transmitting the synchronous ID code; transmitting, by each user, a corresponding synchronous ID code in a sub-frame identified by a sub-frame number corresponding to channel estimation parameters according to the relations established in step A, wherein timing advance of transmitting the synchronous ID code is the same with that of transmitting uplink service data of the user; at Node B, continuing to detect whether there is the synchronous ID code in received signals, if there is one or more than one synchronous ID code, determining the channel estimation parameters of the user transmitting the synchronous ID code according to the detected synchronous ID code, sub-frame number of the

Abstract: A receiving apparatus includes: a receiver receiving a communication signal from a base station and including pilot and sync channel signals in which predetermined data strings continue periodically; a synchronizer acquiring synchronization information for communicating with the base station from the pilot channel signal and, based on the synchronization information, synchronizing with the communication signal; a data acquirer demodulating the sync channel signal from the synchronized communication signal and, by decoding the demodulated sync channel signal, acquiring sync channel signal data; an inference unit inferring a location in the data string of the acquired data by comparing the acquired data with data acquired and held before the acquired data and including the data string; a calculator calculating a time until receiving a next data string head from the inferred location in the data string; and a controller halting the reception of the communication signal based on the calculated time.

Abstract: An m-code GPS receiver receives m-code GPS communication signals having a multimodal autocorrelation, using an m-code mode identifier unambiguously determining a mode value of one of the m-code modal peaks coherently aligned to a coherent unimodal detected envelope, based on sequential probability estimation in an m-code envelope tracking filter using filter residual estimation or with a coherent m-code and c/a-code tracking filter also based on filter residual estimation, for generating m-code phase errors, for unambiguous and precise m-code code phase tracking in closed feedback loops, for preferred use in navigation systems.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for acquiring a code group in an asynchronous Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system. A primary synchronization channel search unit achieves primary synchronization channel slot timing synchronization. Then, the 1-1 search unit and 1-2 search unit of a secondary synchronization channel receive secondary synchronization channels from first and second antennas, respectively, start correlation operations between some of the slots of the received channels and code group candidates, and transmit information about candidates having values exceeding a predetermined threshold value to a determination unit. The determination unit transmits the received information about candidates to a second search unit of the secondary synchronization channel.

Abstract: Synchronization management is provided for a continuous serial data streaming application wherein the serial data stream includes a plurality of consecutive, identical-length segments of consecutive serial data bits. Synchronization management bits are provided in each segment. The synchronization management bits are programmed such that the synchronization management bits contained in first and second adjacent segments of the serial data stream will bear a predetermined relationship to one another. At the receiving end, the synchronization management bits are examined from segment to segment. In this manner, synchronization can be monitored, synchronization loss can be detected, and synchronization recovery can be achieved.

Abstract: Time is transferred from an ultra wideband (UWB) transmitter to UWB receiver by transmitting a signal structure having an associated timing reference point together with a time value for the timing reference point. The UWB receiver receives the timing signal structure by synchronizing a receiver time base to the signal structure, demodulating the time value information, and using the demodulated time value information to set a receiver clock value. Propagation delay information is used to adjust the receiver clock value by advancing the receiver clock value to account for the propagation delay. In one embodiment, propagation delay is determined from a known distance between the transmitter and receiver. In another embodiment, the transmitter and receiver are part of a two-way link wherein propagation delay is measured by round trip timing measurements.

Abstract: A receiver includes a receiving unit that receives a signal from a satellite, a frequency conversion-discretization unit that converts the signal received in the receiving unit into an intermediate frequency signal of a frequency bandwidth including 0 Hz, and discretizes the frequency-converted intermediate frequency signal with a predetermined sampling frequency, a filter unit that filters the discretized signal, which is output from the frequency conversion-discretization unit, through a predetermined filter, a synchronization acquisition unit that acquires synchronization of a spreading code in the discretized signal filtered by the filter unit, and a synchronization holding unit that holds the synchronization of the spreading code, which is acquired by the synchronization acquisition unit.

Abstract: A preamble acquisition apparatus includes a first PN code generation unit for generating a first PN code having a bit string, a first correlation calculation unit for correlating a received frequency domain preamble signal with the first PN code within a first correlation range to generate a first correlation value, a first correlation value comparison unit for comparing the first correlation value with a first threshold value, a second PN code generation unit for generating a second PN code, a second correlation calculation unit for correlating the received frequency domain preamble signal with the second PN code within a second correlation range to generate a second correlation value, and a preamble acquisition determination unit for comparing the second correlation value with a second threshold value to determine whether to acquire the preamble. The bit values of the first PN code are located in the second PN code.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting lock status of a spread spectrum signal, having a first accumulator, a first calculation unit, a second calculation unit, a second accumulator, a multiplier and a comparator. The first accumulator accumulates an in-phase integration result and a quadrature integration result over a time period. The first calculation unit determines a first evaluation value based on the accumulated in-phase integration result and the accumulated quadrature integration result. The second calculation unit processes the in-phase integration result and the quadrature integration result. The second accumulator accumulates the output of the second calculation unit over the time period. The multiplier determines a second evaluation value by multiplying the accumulated result from the second accumulator with a predetermined value. The comparator compares the first and second evaluation results wherein the comparison result is an indicator of the lock status.

Abstract: A method for detecting an IS-95 signal without knowledge of a spreading code for the IS-95 signal is provided. A received baseband signal is rotated through a plurality of phase-shifts. For each phase-shifted baseband signal, an in-phase component or a quadrature component of the phase-shifted baseband signal is realigned. The in-phase and quadrature components are multiplied by a PN short code to partially despread the components. The partially despread in-phase and quadrature components are multiplied and integrated. The integrated despread in-phase and quadrature components are compared to a threshold value. In response to exceeding the threshold value, the received baseband signal is identified as an IS-95 signal. The method may be implemented on a repeater for repeating signals between multiple sources.

Abstract: A method of processing data comprises the receiving a frame of data having a predetermined number of time slots (502,504,506). Each time slot comprises a respective plurality of data symbols (520). The method further comprises a primary (508), a secondary (510) and a tertiary (512) synchronization code in each said predetermined number of time slots.