Abstract: A device includes a first circuit that includes a near-field emission circuit, a second circuit, and a hardware connection linking the first circuit to the second circuit. The hardware connection is dedicated to a priority management between the first circuit and the second circuit. In addition, priority management information can be communicated between a near-field emission circuit and a second circuit. The communicating occurs between a dedicated hardware connection connecting the near-field emission circuit to the second circuit.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide for data transmission using alert signals to carry data, which can be used in such applications as data network communications between sensors (e.g., cameras, motion, radar, etc.) and computing equipment within vehicles (e.g., smart and autonomous cars).

Abstract: In the present invention, a transmitting station apparatus includes a training signal generation unit, a transmission end linear equalization unit configured to output a plurality of second data signals obtained by equalizing IAI of a plurality of first data signals by using a transmission end transfer function for equalizing IAI, and a transmitting station communication unit configured to transmit a training signal or the plurality of second data signals to a receiving station apparatus and receive information on the transmission end transfer function from the receiving station apparatus, and the receiving station apparatus includes a communication path estimation unit configured to estimate a communication path response from the training signal received by the receiving station communication unit, a reception end coefficient calculation unit configured to calculate the transmission end transfer function and a reception end transfer function for equalizing ISI, based on the communication path response, and a

Abstract: A computing device is provided, including memory storing a cost function of a plurality of variables. The computing device may further include a processor configured to, for a stochastic simulation algorithm, compute a control parameter upper bound. The processor may compute a control parameter lower bound. The processor may compute a plurality of intermediate control parameter values within a control parameter range between the control parameter lower bound and the control parameter upper bound. The processor may compute an estimated minimum or an estimated maximum of the cost function using the stochastic simulation algorithm with the control parameter upper bound, the control parameter lower bound, and the plurality of intermediate control parameter values. A plurality of copies of the cost function may be simulated with a respective plurality of seed values.

Abstract: Systems and methods for electronic devices including two or more semiconductor devices coupled via an interconnect. The interconnect includes multiple lanes each having a link between the first and second semiconductor devices. One or more lanes of the multiple lanes each include clock and data recovery circuitry to perform full clock and data recovery. One or more other lanes of the multiple lanes each do not include clock and data recovery circuitry and instead includes a phase adjustment and clock multiplier circuit that is slave to clock and data recovery circuitry of the one or more lanes.

Abstract: A receiver may include a first filter configured to generate a first estimation of a symbol of a received signal and a second filter configured to generate a second estimation of the symbol of the received signal. The receiver may also include a decoder configured to decode the symbol using one of the first estimation and the second estimation and a decision circuitconfigured to select one of the first estimation and the second estimation to provide to the decoder for decoding of the symbol based on a comparison of the first estimation to an estimation threshold.

Abstract: In a receiver having at least a first equalizer and a sampler, a calibration module jointly calibrates a reference voltage and one or more equalizer coefficients. For each of a set of test reference voltages, an equalizer coefficient for the first equalizer may be learned that maximizes a right eye boundary of an eye diagram of a sampler input signal to a sampler of the receiver following the equalization stage. Then, from the possible pairs of reference voltages and corresponding optimal equalizer coefficients, a pair is identified that maximizes an eye width of the eye diagram. After setting the reference voltage, the first equalizer coefficient may then be adjusted together with learning a second equalizer coefficient for the second equalizer using a similar technique.

Abstract: The disclosure provides a subspace-based blind identification algorithm of an ocean underwater acoustic channel for multi-channel fir filter, which adopts a technical solution that a channel impulse response coefficient is calculated by quadratic minimization. The disclosure has beneficial effects that estimation precision can be met when using a proper number of samples, and especially when a few noise vectors are used for estimating channel parameters, so that calculation amount is greatly reduced.

Abstract: A method of a data transmission apparatus applied in high-speed wired network includes: performing analog-to-digital conversion operation upon a time-domain analog training data signal transmitted from a link partner device to generate a time-domain digital training data signal; converting the time-domain digital training data signal into a frequency-domain training data signal; performing a frequency-domain feed-forward equalization (FFE) operation upon the frequency-domain training data signal to generate a frequency-domain FFE resultant signal; converting the frequency-domain FFE resultant signal into a time-domain FFE resultant signal; generating a difference resultant signal according to the time-domain FFE resultant signal and a feed-back equalization (FBE) resultant signal; receiving the difference resultant signal to generate a slicer resultant signal; and using the FBE operation to generate the FBE resultant signal according to the slicer resultant signal.

Abstract: Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, receiving, by a network element of a distributed antenna system, a reference signal, a control channel and a first modulated signal at a first carrier frequency, the first modulated signal including first communications data provided by a base station and directed to a mobile communication device. The instructions in the control channel direct the network element of the distributed antenna system to convert the first modulated signal at the first carrier frequency to the first modulated signal in a first spectral segment. The reference signal is received at an in-band frequency relative to the control channel. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for obtaining a plurality of BER-specific correction values by comparing a first set of BER values obtained by sampling, at a sampling instant near the center of a signaling interval, a non-DFE corrected received signal with a second set of BER values obtained by sampling a DFE-corrected received signal at the sampling instant. A set of eye-scope BER measurements are obtained, each eye-scope BER measurement having a sampling offset relative to the sampling instant, a voltage offset value representing a voltage offset applied to alter a decision threshold, and an eye-scope BER value. A set of DFE-adjusted eye-scope BER measurements are generated by using BER-specific correction values to adjust the voltage offset values of the eye-scope BER measurements.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for converting streaming media between different formats. A bridging device for e.g., Camera Serial Interface (CSI) and DisplayPort is disclosed. Both the CSI and DisplayPort technologies use low power mode operation during blanking intervals of a video transmission. However, the CSI interface can wake up in a very short amount of time (e.g., ˜400 ns), but the DisplayPort interface takes significantly longer to perform link training (e.g., ˜1 ms). Various embodiments of the present disclosure use frame signaling trigger to start a wait time interval timer; the wait time interval can be used by the bridge device to wake up the DisplayPort interface ahead of the CSI2 D-PHY interface, thereby ensuring that both links are active at the same time. This “wake-up” technique can greatly reduce the size of buffering memories that are required.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a semiconductor integrated circuit includes: an equalizer circuit; a decision circuit that decides a bit value of a data signal; a sampler unit including sampler circuits, the sampler circuits having different thresholds and electrically connected in parallel between the equalizer circuit and the decision circuit; a determination circuit that determines indexes indicating a degree of confidence of current output values from the sampler circuits based on the bit values of the data signals at different past timings; and an arithmetic circuit that computes scores for bit values that are candidates for a current data signal based on the determined indexes and current output values from the sampler circuits. The decision circuit selects one bit value from the candidate bit values using the scores.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a reception equalizer that performs, a first equalization on a first signal based on a first coefficient, and one or more second equalizations on one or more second signals based on the first coefficient, the one or more second signals being based on a second coefficient associated with one or more characteristics of a transmission equalizer of the external device, and circuitry that iteratively sends control information generated based on the first coefficient to the external device until a termination condition is satisfied with regard to the first coefficient, the control information causing the second coefficient to be increased or decreased, the iteratively sent control information causing a first absolute value of the first coefficient corresponding to a final equalization of the one or more second equalizations to become smaller than a second absolute value of the first coefficient corresponding to the first equalization.

Abstract: There is provided a technique for calibrating the envelope tracking circuitry of the wireless interface of an electronic device to compensate for any delay mismatch between the IQ signal path and the envelope path. The desired levels of input test signals are determined to assure that they are sensitive to any delay mismatch which may be in the system. The propagation delay from the signal generator to the signal analyzer of the envelope tracking system is estimated and delay compensation is performed. To reduce the noise of the measurement, distortion in the received signal may also be determined and noise compensation may also be performed. Based on these determinations, the envelope tracking circuitry may be calibrated by introducing an appropriate delay in either the envelope path or the IQ signal path.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for obtaining a plurality of BER-specific correction values by comparing a first set of BER values obtained by sampling, at a sampling instant near the center of a signaling interval, a non-DFE corrected received signal with a second set of BER values obtained by sampling a DFE-corrected received signal at the sampling instant. A set of eye-scope BER measurements are obtained, each eye-scope BER measurement having a sampling offset relative to the sampling instant, a voltage offset value representing a voltage offset applied to alter a decision threshold, and an eye-scope BER value. A set of DFE-adjusted eye-scope BER measurements are generated by using BER-specific correction values to adjust the voltage offset values of the eye-scope BER measurements.

Abstract: A method, system, and apparatus are provided for diagnosing network faults by distributing network test policies to remote devices that issue network tests and report network test results from a first remote device which attempts to access a first network resource over a first specified network path, where a central portal responds to a first network test result by issuing a command to one or more additional remote devices to issue one or more additional network tests for evaluating at least part of the first specified network path and report network verification test results having data which is aggregated with data from the first network test result report for use in proactively diagnosing the network fault in the first specified network path.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a waveform processing circuit. The waveform processing circuit is configured to receive a modulated signal indicating each of values of pulses by one of four signal levels including first, second, third, and fourth signal levels ascending in this order. The waveform processing circuit is configured to output a signal corresponding to the modulated signal. A portion of the output signal corresponding to a portion of the modulated signal that transitions between the first and fourth signal levels, transitions between a first adjusted signal level different from the first signal level and a second adjusted signal level different from the fourth signal level. The transmission apparatus is configured to transmit a signal corresponding to the signal output from the waveform processing circuit through a wired communication path.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for implementing adaptive equalization channel extension retimer link-up in high-speed serial links. Under aspects of the proposed methodology, the retimer device intervenes with the adaptive equalization training, training both ends of the link individually between the two end points, and once both of the retimer's receivers are trained, it propagates the receiver readiness indication through from one end point to the other. This allows all sections of the link to train at the same time, and for all devices to transition to data mode at the same time, once all channels have been adapted to and trained. This methodology also applies to cascaded retimer device configurations, where multiple retimers are being used to extend the channel even further.

Abstract: A mobile terminal device includes a radio processing circuit and a baseband processing circuit adapted to interact with the radio processing circuit. The mobile terminal device is configured to identify a first set of frequency resources allocated for a wireless channel by a mobile communication network, calculate a first channel response estimate for a second set of frequency resources of the wireless channel using a reference signal derived from a second mobile terminal device, wherein the reference signal is distributed across the second set of frequency resources of wireless channel, calculate a second channel response estimate for the first set of frequency resources of the wireless channel using the first channel response estimate, and apply the second channel response estimate to schedule data transmission intended for the second mobile terminal device over the wireless channel.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and devices for Universal Serial Bus (USB) communication are described. In an embodiment, a method for USB communication involves processing received USB data, including searching for a predefined symbol in a version of the received USB data, outputting predefined USB data during the processing of the received USB data and switching from outputting the predefined USB data to outputting recovered USB data in response to a finding of the predefined symbol in the version of the received USB data. The recovered USB data is derived from the received USB data. Other embodiments are also described.

Abstract: Throughput between a transmitter and a receiver is increased by performing a three-stage joint channel optimization in which training sequences are used for calculating a pre-equalization estimate in the first stage, a look up table for pre-distortion in the second stage and a further updating the pre-equalization estimate and the look up table based on a third stage in which the training sequence used for the updating is pre-equalized and pre-distorted using previously calculated values prior to transmitting from the transmitter to the receiver.

Abstract: Methods and OFDM receivers for decoding an OFDM signal include estimating a channel impulse response from a pilot-dense symbol of the OFDM signal for each of a plurality of potential FFT window positions; determining a noise floor of each of the channel impulse responses; selecting the potential window position corresponding to the channel impulse response with the lowest noise floor as an optimum FFT window position; and decoding symbols of the OFDM signal using the optimum FFT window position.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting a signal of an LTE uplink system in an interference condition. The method comprises: receiving baseband signals of M receiving antennas, and after fast Fourier transform, conducting demapping to obtain frequency-domain baseband signals; extracting a DMRS inserted in a received signal of each antenna, and then, calculating a channel gain hl,k of each receiving antenna; combining the baseband signals and the channel gains of the M receiving antennas to obtain a signal matrix Yk and a gain matrix Hk; calculating an interference noise covariance matrix Rk on each subcarrier; conducting interference pre-processing on a received signal on each combined subcarrier to obtain the received signal (1) and the channel gain (2) after the interference pre-processing, where D=Rk?1/2; and according to (3), conducting frequency-domain balancing on the received signal after the interference pre-processing.

Abstract: According to an example, a distributed antenna system includes a central processing apparatus and a plurality of antenna apparatuses connected to the central processing apparatus via Ethernet cables through an Ethernet switch. The plurality of antenna apparatuses are spatially distributed with respect to each other and the central processing apparatus is to communicate Ethernet packets to the plurality of antenna apparatuses. In addition, the plurality of antenna apparatuses are to wirelessly transmit signals corresponding to data contained in the Ethernet packets in a substantially coordinated and synchronized manner with respect to each other.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of improving the performance in bandwidth constrained communication systems while reducing the complexity of the equalizer used for information retrieval, as well as to improving the capacity of communication systems. The said properties are achieved by appropriate information encoding, prior to signal shaping before transmission, whereas the equalizer complexity is reduced by applying the intersymbol interference shortening filter prior to the information retrieving equalization. A proper combination of the recounted elements is capable of providing a qualitatively improved and previously unsuspected performance, as compared to its constituent elements.

Abstract: An adaptive SINR control process is triggered based on various quality measures associated with the received signal in a mobile device or on a geographic region in which a base station and an interferer are located. As part of the adaptive SINR control process, the mobile device reduces the signal level of the received signal, which reduces both the signal strength of the desired signal and the interfering signal. If the control process is triggered on the mobile device side, after detecting the presence of interference, the mobile device sends a request that the base station increase its transmit power of the desired signal to improve the receiving SINR in the mobile device. Alternatively, the mobile device may receive information from the base station causing the mobile device to reduce the signal level of the received signal based on quality indicators sent by the mobile device to the base station or based on geographic location of the base station.

Abstract: An embodiment method for beamforming feedback includes receiving a sounding packet for a beamforming transmission, performing planar rotation in accordance with the sounding packet to generate phi and psi angle values, quantizing the phi and psi angle values to a same bit resolution, and feeding back the quantized phi and psi angle values.

Abstract: A method for estimating noise and interferer parameters includes receiving a signal comprising a noise and interference signal contribution. Noise and interference power samples are generated based on the signal. The noise and interference power samples are quantized into quantization levels. The occurrences of noise and interference power samples are accumulated for each quantization level during an observation period. Noise and interferer parameters are estimated based on the number of occurrences of noise and interference power samples per quantization level during the observation period.

Abstract: A method is provided for managing a downlink transmission in a Multi User-Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) system. The MU-MIMO system includes a base station and a set of remote radio units connected to the base station. The method includes: obtaining large scale fading data related to a large scale fading over uplink transmission associated with a user equipment (UE); generating a UE-specific channel vector by using the large scale fading data; and scheduling a downlink transmission by using the UE-specific channel vector.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a signal detection system. The system includes a receiver configured to receive data comprising noise and a signal having an amplitude lower than that of the noise received by the receiver. The system also includes a detection module configured to receive the data received by the receiver, define a region of interest of the data, compare a plurality of portions of the region of interest, and identify a portion of the region of interest that is more likely to contain the signal.

Abstract: An adaptive SINR control process is triggered based on various quality measures associated with the received signal in a mobile device or on a geographic region in which a base station and an interferer are located. As part of the adaptive SINR control process, the mobile device reduces the signal level of the received signal, which reduces both the signal strength of the desired signal and the interfering signal. If the control process is triggered on the mobile device side, after detecting the presence of interference, the mobile device sends a request that the base station increase its transmit power of the desired signal to improve the receiving SINR in the mobile device. Alternatively, the mobile device may receive information from the base station causing the mobile device to reduce the signal level of the received signal based on quality indicators sent by the mobile device to the base station or based on geographic location of the base station.

Abstract: A system for communicating data over power utility lines includes a plurality of endpoint devices. The endpoint devices can have modulation circuits configured and arranged to modulate data using multiple-orthogonal frequency sub-channels. The endpoint devices can also have a power line interface circuit configured and arranged to transmit the modulated data over a power utility line. A detection module can be configured and arranged to detect undesirable post modulation of a communication from one of the plurality of endpoint devices and to generate a signal responsive to the detected post modulation. The endpoint devices can then set a spacing between the multiple orthogonal frequency sub-channels in response to the signal responsive to the detected post modulation.

Abstract: A receiver includes first and second equalization modules adapted to provide first and second compensations to a data signal, and a control module including a list that identifies the first equalization module as being less efficient than the second. The control module provides first and second compensation levels of the first and second compensations, such that the first and second compensations operate on the data signal to meet a bit error rate (BER) target, lowers the first compensation to reduce the power consumption of the receiver based on the list, and determines whether, in response to an increase in the level of the second compensation the BER target is met.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to techniques for transmitting sounding feedback in Very High Throughput (VHT) wireless systems. The sounding feedback may be transmitted from a user station (STA), wherein the feedback may comprise a certain number of beamforming matrices and a certain number of singular values of a wireless channel associated with the STA. Further, the sounding feedback may comprise a bit for indicating whether this feedback represents a Single-User (SU) feedback or a Multi-User (MU) feedback.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inspection apparatus for use in wellbores in the oil and gas industries. In particular the invention relates in general to the field of transmission of data between downhole module in a wellbore and a controlling module at the surface. The invention provides a method an apparatus for receiving data from a telemetry module, the data being modulated according to a quadrature amplitude modulation coding scheme, in which a receiver has a carrier recovery circuit comprising a phase detector, a loop filter and a signal synthesizer generating an inphase and a quadrature demodulation signal. The method comprises receiving a preamble sinusoidal signal representing a symbol; determining the cross product of the received inphase and quadrature components and ideal inphase and quadrature components; indexing a look up table with said cross product to determine a phase adjustment and adjusting the phase of the demodulation signals in accordance with said determined phase adjustment.

Abstract: In a related transmitting circuit employing electromagnetic induction that is used in a communication system, there is a problem in that, because only one inductor is used in the transmitting circuit, it is impossible to perform communication at a data rate higher than the self-resonant frequency of the inductor. A transmitting circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention is a transmitting circuit that drives an inductor to transmit data to a semiconductor chip insulated from a semiconductor chip on which the transmitting circuit is mounted, and includes a driving circuit that receives outgoing data transmitted at a data rate higher than the self-resonant frequency of the inductor and outputs an outgoing signal that drives the inductor at the data rate of the outgoing data.

Abstract: The described embodiments include a computing device with one or more entities (processor cores, processors, etc.). In some embodiments, during operation, a thermal power management unit in the computing device uses a linear prediction to compute a predicted duration of a next idle period for an entity based on the duration of one or more previous idle periods for the entity. Based on the predicted duration of the next idle period, the thermal power management unit configures the entity to operate in a corresponding idle state.

Abstract: An input stage to an analog to digital converter (ADC) includes at least one sampling capacitor (SC) for sampling an input signal in acquire phases, a capacitive gain amplifier (CGA) for providing the input signal to the SC, and bandwidth control means. The bandwidth control means is configured to ensure that the SC has a first bandwidth during a first part of an acquire phase and has a second bandwidth during a subsequent, second, part of said acquire phase, the second bandwidth being smaller than the first. In this manner, first, the input signal is sampled at a higher, first, bandwidth allowing to take advantage of using a high-bandwidth CGA to minimize settling error on the SC, and, next, during a second part of the same acquire phase, the input signal is sampled at a lower, second, bandwidth advantageously decreasing noise resulting from the use of a high-bandwidth CGA.

Abstract: In order to initialize the phase of the recovered clock signal used in clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuitry, the normal, on-line CDR processing is disabled. The sum of the absolute values of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) samples are generated for different clock phases over each unit interval (UI) of the analog signal sampled by the ADC for a specified period of time. The phase corresponding to the maximum sum is selected as the initial phase for the recovered clock signal for enabled, on-line CDR processing, which among other things, automatically updates the clock phase to ensure that the ADC samples the analog signal near the center of each UI.

Abstract: A digital transmission apparatus and a method thereof and a digital reception apparatus are provided. A frame body processor converts incoming data and outputs a frame body, a system information generator generates system information, which is necessary for processing the data at a reception apparatus, by using a different processing method from the frame body processing method of the frame body processor, a frame generator multiplexes data of the frame body, a header of the frame, and the system information, thereby generating a frame, and a signal processor up-coverts a signal of the frame and transmits the signal to the reception apparatus.

Abstract: In a method for generating a preamble of a data unit for transmission via a multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) communication channel, a first field of the preamble is generated. The first field provides a plurality of indicators to a plurality of receivers. Each one of the plurality of indicators indicates a set of a plurality of training sequences that corresponds to transmission of the data unit to a corresponding one of the plurality of receivers. The plurality of training sequences is included in a second field of the preamble. The preamble is formatted such that the first field of the preamble will be transmitted prior to the second field of the preamble being transmitted.

Abstract: In Software defined elastic optical networks, modulation format and constellation size may be flexibly modified. As a result, digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm should be compatible with different modulation schemes or readily reconfigurable at the optical coherent receiver. Therefore we propose a novel cascaded adaptive blind equalizers based on decision-directed modified least mean square (DD-MLMS) algorithm for polarization separation and carrier phase recovery. The algorithm is square quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) independent so that it could be applied in the elastic optical systems. The 28 Gbaud polarization multiplexing quadrature phase shift keying (PM-QPSK) and PM-16QAM back-to-back transmission is demonstrated. The results show that the performance is very close to the general algorithm but with a benefit of the reduced operation complexity.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are used to predistort input signal samples according to Volterra Series Approximation Model using one or more digital predistortion blocks (300) having a plurality of predistorter cells (301-303), each including an input multiplication stage (366-367) for combining absolute sample values received from an absolute sample delay line (362) into a first stage output, a lookup table (368) connected to be addressed by the first stage output for generating an LUT output, and a plurality of output multiplication stages (371-372, 373-374) for combining the LUT output with samples received from the amplitude sample delay line (362) and signal sample delay line (363) to generate an output signal sample yQ from said predistorter cell, where the output signal samples yQ from the predistorter cells are combined at an output adder circuit (375) to generate one or more Volterra terms of a combined signal (yOUT[n]).

Abstract: A method and apparatus provide for stable signal demodulation in a communication system. The method and apparatus includes including detecting an erroneous demodulation value based on backward-demodulation of received signals, using a difference between a received signal to be demodulated and a preceding signal of the received signals and correcting the error demodulation value. Alternatively, backward-demodulation is used to confirm received signals.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method for equalizing the transmission spectrum of a wireless communication transmitter. The method includes: providing a plurality of single-frequency signals; respectively inputting the plurality of single-frequency signals into the transmitter, wherein each single-frequency signal has a predetermined frequency and all the predetermined frequencies are different from each other; loopbacking the plurality of single-frequency signals to an analog to digital converter so as to generate a plurality of digital loopback signals; calculating a frequency response of the transmitter at base band circuit according to the plurality of digital loopback signals; and equalizing the transmission spectrum of the transmitter according to the frequency response of the transmitter.

Abstract: A data transmission method includes transmitting an encoded data signal in form of a data stream of data bursts between a transmitter and a receiver, making a decision as a function of at least one data transmission parameter as to whether an interference treatment of the data signal to be transmitted will be performed in the transmitter or in the receiver, performing the interference treatment in terms of at least on code in the transmitter, and performing the interference treatment of the data to be transmitted in terms of at least one further code in the receiver.

Abstract: A transmitting circuit that includes a driving circuit that drives an inductor to transmit data to a semiconductor chip insulated from a semiconductor chip on which the transmitting circuit is mounted. The driving circuit receives an outgoing data, compensates wave distortion of the outgoing data generated from the self-resonance of the inductor, generates a compensated outgoing data, and outputs the compensated outgoing data to drive the inductor, such that the outgoing data is transmitted at a data rate higher than the self-resonant frequency of the inductor.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an apparatus includes a control unit and a coil unit. The control unit generates a first clock signal, generates a data signal to indicate an operating condition, modulates the first clock signal by the data signal to obtain a modulated signal, generates a clock transmission signal including the modulated signal, and emits the clock transmission signal. The coil unit converts the clock transmission signal into an electric signal, detects the modulated signal from the clock transmission signal, generates a second clock signal synchronous with the first clock signal from the modulated signal, detects an MR signal generated in a subject, digitizes, synchronously with the second clock signal, the MR signal, detects the data signal from the detected modulated signal by using of the second clock signal, controls the operating condition of the coil unit to be the operating condition indicated by the data signal.

Abstract: A method is for communicating by tracking time varying channels in a multiple access packet based communication network. Each packet includes a preamble portion including a data symbol, and a data portion including data symbols. The method may include initializing a channel estimate reference from an initial channel estimate based upon the data symbol in a preamble portion of a received packet, and updating the channel estimate reference based upon a channel estimate of a current data symbol and a previously received data symbol from the data symbols in a data portion of the received packet. The method may also include repeating the updating upon receipt of a subsequent data symbol from the data symbols in the data portion of the received packet.